ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3101-650X
Current Organisation
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-09-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2011
DOI: 10.1038/APS.2011.101
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1159/000452678
Abstract: b i Background/Aims: /i /b The secretions of liver-derived cytokines angiopoietin-like 6, insulin-like growth factor 1, selenoprotein-P and C-reactive protein and adipokines, adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are altered in obese in iduals, and they directly induce insulin resistance in both cellular and animal models. This study is aimed at examining the effects of acute overnutrition on these cytokines in healthy in iduals, and identifying association with markers of insulin resistance. b i Methods: /i /b Thirty-one young healthy in iduals (10 men, body mass index (BMI) 22.4 ± 2.7 21 women, BMI 23.3 ± 4.9) were enrolled for the study. Metabolic assessments were done 3 days after an energy balanced diet (30% fat) and 3 days of a high-fat overfeeding diet (+1,250 kcal/day, 45% fat), and the assessments included the fasting body weight and blood s les to analyze the selected cytokines and evaluate the insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic cl (80 mU/m sup /sup /min). b i Results: /i /b Three days of overfeeding increased the body weight, fasting glucose and insulin, and thus the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. However, there were no changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity, or in the circulating cytokines assessed. b i Conclusions: /i /b The hepatokines and adipokines assessed were not acutely sensitive to overnutrition in healthy in iduals, despite increases in markers of hepatic insulin resistance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2019.03.015
Abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF) may limit metabolic adaptations that reduce energy expenditure, potentially by stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 wk of IF on energy metabolism and markers of WAT browning in lean and diet-induced obese mice and in women who were overweight or obese. Male C57 BL/6 J mice were fed chow or a high-fat diet (HFD 43%) for 8 wk before undergoing IF (3 non-consecutive d/wk) for an additional 8 wk. Food intake, energy expenditure, and inguinal and gonadal fat pads were collected in fed or fasted conditions (22 h, IF mice only). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was also collected at baseline, and after 8 wk of IF (in the fed state, and after a 24-h fast), in women with overweight or obesity. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (mice and humans) and immunohistochemistry (mice). IF reduced body weight and energy intake in HFD fed mice and reduced gonadal and inguinal fat pad weights in both diet groups. IF increased energy expenditure, meal number, Ucp1 mRNA levels in inguinal and gonadal fat depots, and UCP1 protein in inguinal fat in both diet groups on fed days. In women, IF reduced body weight and fat mass, but did not alter UCP1mRNA levels. IF increased energy expenditure and promoted WAT browning in mice but did not alter UCP1 mRNA levels in SAT in women.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 21-11-2018
Abstract: Obesity is associated with increased macrophage and extracellular matrix accumulation in adipose tissue, which can be partially reversed following weight loss by daily caloric restriction. This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of intermittent fasting (IF 24-hour fast on 3 nonconsecutive days per week) in mice fed a chow or high-fat diet (HFD 43% fat) on markers of adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis. We found that IF decreased energy intake, body weight, and fat cell size in HFD-fed mice and decreased fat mass and improved glucose tolerance in chow- and HFD-fed mice. IF decreased mRNA levels of macrophage markers (Lgals3, Itgax, Ccl2, and Ccl3) in inguinal and gonadal fat, as well as adipose tissue macrophage numbers in HFD-fed mice only, and altered genes involved in NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in both diet groups. IF increased mRNA levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9, which is involved in extracellular matrix degradation, and reduced mRNA levels of collagen 6 α-1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metallopeptidase 1, as well as fibrosis in gonadal fat in HFD-fed mice. In summary, our results show that intermittent fasting improved glucose tolerance in chow- and HFD-fed mice and ameliorated adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in HFD-fed mice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Bioscientifica
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-20-0404
Abstract: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) initiated early during the dark phase prevents the metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet in rodent models. However, the metabolic consequences of delaying the initiation of TRF, akin to breakfast skipping in humans, is unclear. We assigned 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice ( n = 192) to chow or high-fat diet ad libitum (AL) for 4 weeks, before randomization to continue AL or 10 h of TRF, initiated at lights off (TRFe) or 4-h after lights off (TRFd) for a further 8 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests (1 g/kg), metabolic monitoring and body composition by echoMRI were performed, and tissues were collected at six time points. TRF reduced weight and fat mass vs AL, with a greater reduction in TRFe vs TRFd. TRF improved glucose tolerance and protected mice from high-fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis vs AL, with no difference between TRFe and TRFd. TRF increased the litude of Bmal1 , Cry1 , Per2 , N t , and Nocturnin mRNA levels in liver. A phase delay in Bmal1 , Cry1 , Per2 , Reverbα , N t , NAD, Sirt1 , and Nocturnin was observed in TRFd. Thus, delaying TRF limited the weight benefit and induced a phase delay in the hepatic clock, but improved metabolic health. Allowing more flexibility in when TRF is initiated may increase the translational potential of this dietary approach in humans.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2020
DOI: 10.1002/OBY.22775
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 08-10-2020
Abstract: Impaired lipid metabolism is linked with obesity-associated insulin resistance, which may be reversed by caloric restriction (CR). In a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we compared the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and CR on markers of lipid metabolism in muscle. Seventy-six women (body mass index, 25-40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets for 8 weeks and provided foods at 70% (CR70 and IF70) or 100% (IF100) of energy requirements. IF groups ate breakfast prior to a 24-hour fast on 3 nonconsecutive days per week. On nonfasting days, IF70 ate at 100% and IF100 ate at 145% of energy requirements to achieve the prescribed target. Weight, body composition, insulin sensitivity by cl , nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and markers of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in muscle by quantitative polymerase chain reaction were measured at baseline and week 8 following a 12-hour overnight fast (all groups) and 24-hour fast (IF groups). IF70 resulted in greater weight and fat loss and reduced NEFAs vs CR70 and IF100 after an overnight fast. IF70 and IF100 induced a greater reduction only in mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1), and SOD2 vs CR70. Fasting for 24 hours increased NEFAs and BHB in IF groups, but impaired insulin sensitivity and increased PLIN5 mRNA levels. In comparison to CR, IF did not increase markers of lipid metabolism in muscle, but reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes. However, fasting-induced insulin resistance was detected, alongside increased PLIN5 expression, potentially reflecting transient lipid storage.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2019.07.001
Abstract: This study compared the effects of daily calorie restriction (DR) versus intermittent fasting (IF) on markers of inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a controlled feeding trial in women with overweight or obesity. Women (N = 76) were randomised to one of three diets and provided with all foods at 100% (IF100) or 70% (IF70 and DR70) of calculated energy requirements for 8 weeks. IF groups ate breakfast prior to fasting for 24-h on 3 non-consecutive days/week. Weight, body composition, serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), M1- and M2-macrophage markers by qPCR and immunohistochemistry in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were measured following a 12-h overnight fast (fed day, all groups) and a 24-h fast (IF groups only). IF70 resulted in greater weight and fat losses and reductions in serum NEFA versus DR70 and IF100 (P < 0.05) after fed days. Markers of inflammation in serum (TNFα, IL6 and IL10), subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (CD68, CD40 and CD163) were unchanged by DR or IF after fed days. After fasting, NEFA, M1-macrophages (CD40 Unlike caloric restriction, IF transiently elevated markers of macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, possibly in response to marked increases in adipose tissue lipolysis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1002/OBY.23499
Abstract: Time‐restricted eating (TRE) restores circadian rhythms in mice, but the evidence to support this in humans is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of TRE on 24‐hour profiles of plasma metabolites, glucoregulatory hormones, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptome in humans. Men ( n = 15, age = 63 [4] years, BMI 30.5 [2.4] kg/m 2 ) were recruited. A 35‐hour metabolic ward stay was conducted at baseline and after 8 weeks of 10‐hour TRE. Assessment included 24‐hour profiles of plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride, glucoregulatory hormones, and the SAT transcriptome. Dim light melatonin onset and cortisol area under the curve were calculated. TRE did not alter dim light melatonin onset but reduced morning cortisol area under the curve. TRE altered 24‐hour profiles of insulin, NEFA, triglyceride, and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and increased transcripts of circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2 (NR1D2) and decreased period circadian regulator 1 (PER1) and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1) at 12:00 am. The rhythmicity of 450 genes was altered by TRE, which enriched in transcripts for transcription corepressor activity, DNA‐binding transcription factor binding, regulation of chromatin organization, and small GTPase binding pathways. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed eigengenes that were correlated with BMI, insulin, and NEFA. TRE restored 24‐hour profiles in hormones, metabolites, and genes controlling transcriptional regulation in SAT, which could underpin its metabolic health benefit.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 10-2014
Abstract: In diet induced and genetically obese rodent models, adipose tissue is associated with macrophage infiltration, which promotes a low grade inflammatory state and the development of insulin resistance. In humans, obesity is also closely linked with macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, a pro-inflammatory phenotype and insulin resistance. However, whether macrophage infiltration is a direct contributor to the development of insulin resistance that occurs in response to weight gain, or is a later consequence of the obese state is unclear. There are a number of concomitant changes that occur during adipose tissue expansion, including the number and size of adipocytes, the vasculature and the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will examine evidence for and against the role of macrophage recruitment into adipose tissue in promoting the development of insulin resistance in rodents and humans, as well as discuss the emerging role of macrophages in mediating healthy adipose tissue expansion during periods of caloric excess.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2016.07.004
Abstract: Selenoprotein P (SeP) is secreted primarily by the liver and postulated to cause insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to measure plasma SeP in in iduals who are lean (N=29) or overweight/obese (N=34), and examine relationships between circulating SeP, SEPP1 (SeP, plasma 1) expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, and markers of insulin resistance. SeP was higher in in iduals who were overweight/obese (P<0.001), and associated with insulin resistance by HOMA-IR and by cl , but not independently of BMI. SEPP1 mRNA was correlated negatively with BMI, suggesting there may be tissue specific regulation. This study suggests that obesity, rather than insulin resistance, is central to the increase in SeP.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2018
DOI: 10.1002/OBY.22345
Abstract: This study aimed to compare intermittent fasting (IF) versus continuous energy intakes at 100% or 70% of calculated energy requirements on insulin sensitivity, cardiometabolic risk, body weight, and composition. Women with overweight (n = 88 50 ± 1 years, BMI 32.3 ± 0.5 kg/m IF70 displayed greater reductions in weight, fat mass, total- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acids compared with DR70 and IF100 (all P ≤ 0.05). IF100 lost more weight and fat than control. However, fasting insulin was increased. There were no group differences in insulin sensitivity by cl however, a 24-hour fast transiently reduced insulin sensitivity. When prescribed at matched energy restriction, IF reduced weight and fat mass and improved total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol more than DR. IF prescribed in energy balance did not improve health compared with other groups, despite modest weight loss.
No related grants have been discovered for Bo Liu.