ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7655-0215
Current Organisation
University of Leeds
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Publisher: Springer Japan
Date: 2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-02-2013
Abstract: Exercise could indirectly affect body weight by exerting changes on various components of appetite control, including nutrient and taste preferences, meal size and frequency, and the drive to eat. This review summarizes the evidence on how exercise affects appetite and eating behavior and in particular answers the question, “Does exercise induce an increase in food intake to compensate for the increase in energy expenditure?” Evidence will be presented to demonstrate that there is no automatic increase in food intake in response to acute exercise and that the response to repeated exercise is variable. The review will also identify areas of further study required to explain the variability. One limitation with studies that assess the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight control is that only mean data are presented—the in idual variability tends to be overlooked. Recent evidence highlights the importance of characterizing the in idual variability by demonstrating exercise-induced changes in appetite. In iduals who experience lower than theoretically predicted reductions in body weight can be characterized by hedonic (eg, pleasure) and homeostatic (eg, hunger) features.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2007.164
Abstract: An activity-induced increase in energy expenditure theoretically disturbs energy balance (EB) by creating an acute energy deficit. Compensatory responses could influence the weight loss associated with the energy deficit. In idual variability in compensation for perturbations in EB could partly explain why some in iduals fail to lose weight with exercise. It is accepted that the regulatory system will readily defend impositions that promote a negative EB. Therefore, a criticism of exercise interventions is that they will be ineffective and futile methods of weight control because the acute energy deficit is counteracted. Compensation for exercise-induced energy deficits can be categorized into behavioral or metabolic responses and automatic or volitional. An automatic compensatory response is a biological inevitability and considered to be obligatory. An automatic compensatory response is typically a metabolic consequence (e.g., reduced resting metabolic rate) of a negative EB. In contrast, a volitional compensatory response tends to be deliberate and behavioral, which the in idual intentionally performs (e.g., increased snack intake). The purpose of this review is to highlight the various metabolic and behavioral compensatory responses that could reduce the effectiveness of exercise and explain why some in iduals experience a lower than expected weight loss. We propose that the extent and degree of compensation will vary between in iduals. That is, some in iduals will be predisposed to compensatory responses that render them resistant to the weight loss benefits theoretically associated with an exercise-induced increase in energy expenditure. Therefore, given the inter-in idual variability in behavioral and metabolic compensatory responses, exercise prescriptions might be more effective if tailored to suit in iduals.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 19-05-2012
Abstract: Does exercise promote weight loss? One of the key problems with studies assessing the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight management and obesity is that mean data are presented and the in idual variability in response is overlooked. Recent data have highlighted the need to demonstrate and characterise the in idual variability in response to exercise. Do people who exercise compensate for the increase in energy expenditure via compensatory increases in hunger and food intake? The authors address the physiological, psychological and behavioural factors potentially involved in the relationship between exercise and appetite, and identify the research questions that remain unanswered. A negative consequence of the phenomena of in idual variability and compensatory responses has been the focus on those who lose little weight in response to exercise this has been used unreasonably as evidence to suggest that exercise is a futile method of controlling weight and managing obesity. Most of the evidence suggests that exercise is useful for improving body composition and health. For ex le, when exercise-induced mean weight loss is <1.0 kg, significant improvements in aerobic capacity (+6.3 ml/kg/min), systolic (-6.00 mm Hg) and diastolic (-3.9 mm Hg) blood pressure, waist circumference (-3.7 cm) and positive mood still occur. However, people will vary in their responses to exercise understanding and characterising this variability will help tailor weight loss strategies to suit in iduals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2023
Abstract: Researchers from erse disciplines, including organismal and cellular physiology, sports science, human nutrition, evolution and ecology, have sought to understand the causes and consequences of the surprising variation in metabolic rate found among and within in idual animals of the same species. Research in this area has been h ered by differences in approach, terminology and methodology, and the context in which measurements are made. Recent advances provide important opportunities to identify and address the key questions in the field. By bringing together researchers from different areas of biology and biomedicine, we describe and evaluate these developments and the insights they could yield, highlighting the need for more standardisation across disciplines. We conclude with a list of important questions that can now be addressed by developing a common conceptual and methodological toolkit for studies on metabolic variation in animals.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Mark Hopkins.