ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1052-4396
Current Organisation
Natural Resources Institute Finland
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Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 11-2020
DOI: 10.1029/2020GB006678
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1002/GLR2.12010
Abstract: Past assessments report negative impacts of the climate crisis in boreal areas but milder and shorter winters and elevated atmospheric CO 2 may provide opportunities for agricultural productivity potentially playing a significant role in future food security. Arable cropping systems are expanding in boreal areas, but the regional mainstay will likely continue to be livestock production. Agroecological models can when appropriately calibrated and evaluated, facilitate improved productivity while minimising environmental impacts by identifying system interactions, and quantifying greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon stocks and fertiliser use. While models designed for temperate and tropical zones abound, few are developed specifically for boreal zones, and there is uncertainty around the performance of existing models in boreal areas. We reviewed model performance across boreal environments and management systems. We identified a dearth of modelling studies in boreal regions, with the publication of three or less papers per year since the year 2000, constituting a significant research gap. Models IFSM and BASGRA_N performed best in grassland production, DNDC best in predicting soil N 2 O and NH 3 emissions. No model outperformed all others, strengthening the case for ensemble modelling. Existing agroecological models would be worthy of further evaluation, providing model improvements designed for boreal systems.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15099
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-22452-1
Abstract: Wetland methane (CH 4 ) emissions ( $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 ) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models however, site-level studies demonstrate that $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 are often controlled by factors beyond temperature. Here, we evaluate the relationship between $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 and temperature using observations from the FLUXNET-CH 4 database. Measurements collected across the globe show substantial seasonal hysteresis between $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 and temperature, suggesting larger $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 sensitivity to temperature later in the frost-free season (about 77% of site-years). Results derived from a machine-learning model and several regression models highlight the importance of representing the large spatial and temporal variability within site-years and ecosystem types. Mechanistic advancements in biogeochemical model parameterization and detailed measurements in factors modulating CH 4 production are thus needed to improve global CH 4 budget assessments.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/LAND11111947
Abstract: With global warming, arable land in boreal regions is tending to expand into high latitude regions in the northern hemisphere. This entails certain risks such that inappropriate management could result in previously stable carbon sinks becoming sources. Agroecological models are an important tool for assessing the sustainability of long-term management, yet applications of such models in boreal zones are scarce. We collated eddy-covariance, soil climate and biomass data to evaluate the simulation of GHG emissions from grassland in eastern Finland using the process-based model DNDC. We simulated gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) with fair performance. Soil climate, soil temperature and soil moisture at 5 cm were excellent, and soil moisture at 20 cm was good. However, the model overestimated NEE and Reco following crop termination and tillage events. These results indicate that DNDC can satisfactorily simulate GHG fluxes in a boreal grassland setting, but further work is needed, particularly in simulated second biomass cuts, the ( cm) soil layers and model response to management transitions between crop types, cultivation, and land use change.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/PR9040726
Abstract: During the bioethanol production process, vast amounts of residues are generated as process waste. To extract more value from lignocellulosic biomass and improve process economics, these residues should be used as feedstock in additional processes for the production of energy or fuels. In this paper, barley straw was used for bioethanol production and the residues were valorized using anaerobic digestion (AD) or used for the production of heat and power by combustion. A traditional three-step bioethanol production process was used, and the biomass residues obtained from different stages of the process were analyzed. Finally, mass and energy balances were calculated to quantify material flow and assess the different technological routes for biomass utilization. Up to 90 kg of ethanol could be produced from 1 t of biomass and additional biogas and energy generated from processing residues can increase the energy yield to over 220%. The results show that in terms of energy output, combustion was the preferable route for processing biomass residues. However, the production of biogas is also an attractive solution to increase revenue in the bioethanol production process.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.1002/PPP3.10354
Abstract: Despite comprising a small proportion of global agricultural land use, irrigated agriculture is enormously important to the global agricultural economy. Burgeoning food demand driven by population growth—together with reduced food supply caused by the climate crisis—is polarising the existing tension between water used for agricultural production versus that required for environmental conservation. We show that sustainable intensification via more erse crop rotations, more efficient water application infrastructure and greater farm area under irrigation is conducive to greater farm business profitability under future climates. Research aimed at improving crop productivity often does not account for the complexity of real farms underpinned by land‐use changes in space and time. Here, we demonstrate how a new framework— WaterCan Profit —can be used to elicit such complexity using an irrigated case study farm with four whole‐farm adaptation scenarios ( Baseline , Diversified , Intensified and Simplified ) with four types of irrigated infrastructure ( Gravity , Pipe & Riser , Pivot and Drip ). Without adaptation, the climate crisis detrimentally impacted on farm profitability due to the combination of increased evaporative demand and increased drought frequency. Whole‐farm intensification—via greater irrigated land use, incorporation of rice, cotton and maize and increased nitrogen fertiliser application—was the only adaptation capable of raising farm productivity under future climates. Diversification through incorporation of grain legumes into crop rotations significantly improved profitability under historical climates however, profitability of this adaptation declined under future climates. Simplified systems reduced economic risk but also had lower long‐term economic returns. We conclude with four key insights: (1) When assessing whole‐farm profit, metrics matter: Diversified systems generally had higher profitability than Intensified systems per unit water, but not per unit land area (2) gravity‐based irrigation infrastructure required the most water, followed by sprinkler systems, whereas Drip irrigation used the least water (3) whole‐farm agronomic adaptation through management and crop genotype had greater impact on productivity compared with changes in irrigation infrastructure and (4) only whole‐farm intensification was able to raise profitability under future climates.
No related grants have been discovered for Narasinha Shurpali.