ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9086-638X
Current Organisation
Oticon Eriksholm Research Centre
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-09-2022
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2022PA004542
Abstract: Earth's hydrological cycle is expected to intensify in response to global warming, with a “wet‐gets‐wetter, dry‐gets‐drier” response anticipated over the ocean. Subtropical regions (∼15°–30°N/S) are predicted to become drier, yet proxy evidence from past warm climates suggests these regions may be characterized by wetter conditions. Here we use an integrated data‐modeling approach to reconstruct global and zonal‐mean rainfall patterns during the early Eocene (∼56–48 million years ago). The Deep‐Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) model ensemble indicates that the mid‐ (30°–60°N/S) and high‐latitudes ( °N/S) are characterized by a thermodynamically dominated hydrological response to warming and overall wetter conditions. The tropical band (0°–15°N/S) is also characterized by wetter conditions, with several DeepMIP models simulating narrowing of the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone. However, the latter is not evident from the proxy data. The subtropics are characterized by negative precipitation‐evaporation anomalies (i.e., drier conditions) in the DeepMIP models, but there is surprisingly large inter‐model variability in mean annual precipitation (MAP). Intriguingly, we find that models with weaker meridional temperature gradients (e.g., CESM, GFDL) are characterized by a reduction in subtropical moisture ergence, leading to an increase in MAP. These model simulations agree more closely with our new proxy‐derived precipitation reconstructions and other key climate metrics and imply that the early Eocene was characterized by reduced subtropical moisture ergence. If the meridional temperature gradient was even weaker than suggested by those DeepMIP models, circulation‐induced changes may have outcompeted thermodynamic changes, leading to wetter subtropics. This highlights the importance of accurately reconstructing zonal temperature gradients when reconstructing past rainfall patterns.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-31903-2
Abstract: The Cenozoic landscape evolution in southwestern North America is ascribed to crustal isostasy, dynamic topography, or lithosphere tectonics, but their relative contributions remain controversial. Here we reconstruct landscape history since the late Eocene by investigating the interplay between mantle convection, lithosphere dynamics, climate, and surface processes using fully coupled four-dimensional numerical models. Our quantified depth-dependent strain rate and stress history within the lithosphere, under the influence of gravitational collapse and sub-lithospheric mantle flow, show that high gravitational potential energy of a mountain chain relative to a lower Colorado Plateau can explain extension directions and stress magnitudes in the belt of metamorphic core complexes during topographic collapse. Profound lithospheric weakening through heating and partial melting, following slab rollback, promoted this extensional collapse. Landscape evolution guided northeast drainage onto the Colorado Plateau during the late Eocene-late Oligocene, south-southwest drainage reversal during the late Oligocene-middle Miocene, and southwest drainage following the late Miocene.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2022
DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2135032
Abstract: Hearing loss commonly causes difficulties in understanding speech in the presence of background noise. The benefits of hearing-aids in terms of speech intelligibility in challenging listening scenarios remain limited. The present study investigated if phoneme-in-noise discrimination training improves phoneme identification and sentence intelligibility in noise in hearing-aid users. Two groups of participants received either a two-week training program or a control intervention. Three phoneme categories were trained: onset consonants (C1), vowels (V) and post-vowel consonants (C2) in C1-V-C2-/i/ logatomes from the Danish nonsense word corpus (DANOK). Phoneme identification test and hearing in noise test (HINT) were administered before and after the respective interventions and, for the training group only, after three months. Twenty 63-to-79 years old in iduals with a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss and at least one year of experience using hearing-aids. The training provided an improvement in phoneme identification scores for vowels and post-vowel consonants, which was retained over three months. No significant performance improvement in HINT was found. The study demonstrates that the training induced a robust refinement of auditory perception at a phoneme level but provides no evidence for the generalisation to an untrained sentence intelligibility task.
No related grants have been discovered for Aleksandra Koprowska.