ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8701-4506
Current Organisation
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-04-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-08-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2022
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2022JC018725
Abstract: The causes of decadal variations in global warming are poorly understood, however it is widely understood that variations in ocean heat content (OHC) are linked with variations in surface warming. To investigate the forced response of OHC to anthropogenic aerosols (AA), we use an ensemble of historical simulations, which were carried out using a range of anthropogenic aerosol forcing magnitudes in a CMIP6‐era global circulation model. We find that the centennial scale linear trends in historical OHC are significantly sensitive to AA forcing magnitude (−3.0 ± 0.1 × 10 5 (J m −3 century −1 )/(W m −2 ), R 2 = 0.99), but interannual to multi‐decadal variability in global OHC appear largely independent of AA forcing magnitude. Comparison with observations find consistencies in different depth ranges and at different time scales with all but the strongest aerosol forcing magnitude, at least partly due to limited observational accuracy. We find that OHC is sensitive to aerosol forcing magnitude across much of the tropics and sub‐tropics, and stronger negative forcing induces more ocean cooling. The polar regions and North Atlantic show the strongest heat content trends, and also show the strongest dependence on aerosol forcing magnitude. However, the OHC response to increasing aerosol forcing magnitude in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean is either dominated by internal variability, or strongly state dependent, showing different behavior in different time periods. Our results suggest the response to aerosols in these regions is a complex combination of influences from ocean transport, atmospheric forcings, and sea ice.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 30-06-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2022GL101595
Abstract: Ice sheet melting into the Southern Ocean can change the formation and properties of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Ocean models often mimic ice sheet melting by adding freshwater fluxes in the Southern Ocean under erse spatial distributions. We use a global ocean and sea‐ice model to explore whether the spatial distribution and magnitude of meltwater fluxes can alter AABW properties and formation. We find that a realistic spatially varying meltwater flux sustains AABW with higher salinities compared to simulations with uniform meltwater fluxes. Finally, we show that increases in ice sheet melting above 12% since 1958 can trigger AABW freshening rates similar to those observed in the Southern Ocean since 1990, suggesting that the increasing Antarctic meltwater discharge can drive the observed AABW freshening.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-12-2022
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 12-2015
Abstract: On planetary scales, surface wind stress and differential buoyancy forcing act together to produce isopycnal surfaces that are relatively flat in the tropics/subtropics and steep near the poles, where they tend to outcrop. Tilted isopycnals in a rapidly rotating fluid are subject to baroclinic instability. The turbulent, mesoscale eddies generated by this instability have a tendency to homogenize potential vorticity (PV) along density surfaces. In the Southern Ocean (SO), the tilt of isopycnals is largely maintained by competition between the steepening effect of surface forcing and the flattening effect of turbulent, spatially inhomogeneous eddy fluxes of PV. Here quasigeostrophic theory is used to investigate the influence of a planetary–geometric constraint on the equilibrium slope of tilted density/buoyancy surfaces in the SO. If the meridional gradients of relative vorticity and PV are small relative to β , then quasigeostrophic theory predicts ds / dz = β / f 0 = cot( ϕ 0 )/ a , or equivalently r ≡ |∂ z s /( β / f 0 )| = 1, where f is the Coriolis parameter, β is the meridional gradient of f , s is the isopycnal slope, ϕ 0 is a reference latitude, a is the planetary radius, and r is the depth-averaged criticality parameter. It is found that the strict r = 1 condition holds over specific averaging volumes in a large-scale climatology. A weaker r = O (1) condition for depth-averaged quantities is generally satisfied away from large bathymetric features. The r = O (1) constraint is employed to derive a depth scale to characterize large-scale interior stratification, and an idealized sector model is used to test the sensitivity of this relationship to surface wind forcing. Finally, the possible implications for eddy flux parameterization and for the sensitivity of SO circulation/stratification to changes in forcing are discussed.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Dani Jones.