ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7109-0600
Current Organisation
Australian Museum
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Genetics | Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics | Epigenetics (incl. Genome Methylation and Epigenomics) | Microbial Ecology | Terrestrial Ecology | Host-Parasite Interactions | Molecular Evolution | Environmental Science and Management | Genome Structure | Population And Ecological Genetics | Conservation and Biodiversity | Evolutionary Biology | Genetic Immunology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Biological sciences | Environmental Health | Forest and Woodlands Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity
Related Links
Publications
Synthesis of phylogenetic and karyotypic data
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2011
Close linkage between RNR and GPD genes on the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) X chromosome
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1159/000134188
Abstract: No recombination was detected between two X-linked loci, RNR (Xp) and GPD (Xq), among 69 backcross progeny of two distantly related tammar wallaby ( i Macropus eugenii /i ) subspecies. RNR loci are not dosage compensated, whereas the GPD locus is subject to the paternal X chromosome inactivation system that characterises female marsupials. The border of the region controlled by the marsupial X chromosome inactivation system has therefore been shown to lie between RNR and GPD.
Habitat connectivity, more than species' biology, influences genetic differentiation in a habitat specialist, the short-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale brachyotis)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2012
Chromosome heterozygosity and de novo chromosome rearrangements in mammalian interspecies hybrids
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2001
Molecular cloning and characterization of the polymorphic MHC class II DBB from the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2004
DOI: 10.1007/S00251-004-0644-7
Abstract: Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been characterized in all extant lineages of mammals. The tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) is well established as a model marsupial species however, no classical MHC sequences have been described from this species. We have isolated two MHC class II beta-chain sequences from a tammar wallaby spleen cDNA library using a tammar MHC class II beta probe. These sequences belong to the marsupial MHC class II DBB gene family. Two additional DBB sequences were lified from tammar wallaby genomic DNA. All four sequences were obtained from the same in idual, indicating that there are at least two DBB loci in the tammar wallaby.
Genetic differentiation and introgression amongst Thylogale ( pademelons ) taxa in eastern Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/ZO11022
Abstract: Although pademelons (Thylogale) are widespread and common in coastal eastern Australia, they have been largely neglected in population genetic studies. Here we use 10 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (Cytb) gene to examine genetic differentiation amongst populations of the red-necked (Thylogale thetis) and red-legged (T. stigmatica) pademelon in eastern Australia. Evidence of hybridisation was detected between subspecies of T. stigmatica in central Queensland. Specimens s led between Eungella and Sarina were found to represent a broad (~90 km) zone of introgression, for both nuclear and mtDNA markers, between T. s. stigmatica (Wet Tropics) and T. s. wilcoxi (south-east Queensland). In addition, in iduals s led from around Proserpine were genetically T. s. stigmatica rather than T. s. wilcoxi, as had previously been assumed. This observation raises some intriguing questions about the dispersal ability of T. stigmatica and the phylogeographic history of moist forest taxa in eastern Australia. Only limited evidence of introgression was detected between sympatric populations of T. thetis and T. s. wilcoxi in south-east Queensland.
Phylogeographic structure within Phascogale (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) based on partial cytochrome b sequence
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/ZO00080
Abstract: The brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) is considered locally rare and vulnerable, despite being found in all mainland states of Australia. It is rarely detected in faunal surveys and the two most immediate conservation requirements are a determination of its current range and clarification of its taxonomic status. Measures of genetic differentiation amongst Phascogale tapoatafa populations in eastern, western and northern Australia were estimated using a partial (348 bp) sequence of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b gene). Observed sequence ergence within P. tapoatafa was substantial, with an average of 13% separating the allopatric populations in south-eastern, south-western and northern Australia. In comparison, an average of 16% sequence ergence separated the two currently recognised Phascogale species (P. tapoatafa andP. calura). Thus, Phascogale comprises four highly ergent lineages, suggesting that the genus is more erse than previously thought. These data indicate that further taxonomic research is warranted.
Differing impact of a major biogeographic barrier on genetic structure in two large kangaroos from the monsoon tropics of Northern Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2014
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.954
Taxonomy of rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). III. Molecular data confirms the species status of the purple-necked rock-wallaby (Petrogale purpureicollis Le Souef)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/ZO00082
Abstract: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was undertaken to resolve the systematic uncertainties surrounding the morphologically distinct purple-necked rock-wallaby (P. lateralis purpureicollis) of north-west Queensland, Australia. A comparison of mtDNA sequence ergence using both whole mtDNA restriction site and control-region sequence analyses revealed that P. l. purpureicollis was as well differentiated from other P. lateralis (black-footed rock-wallaby) taxa as P. lateralis was from P. penicillata (brush-tailed rock-wallaby) or P. assimilis (allied rock-wallaby). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data suggests thatP. lateralis (sensu lato) is paraphyletic, with P. l. purpureicollis being more closely aligned to P. penicillataand P. assimilis than to P. lateralis (sensu stricto). Data are also presented that demonstrate significant differences in the distribution of the telomeric repeat sequence (TTAGGG)n between the chromosomes of P. l. purpureicollis and the karyotypically similar MacDonnell Ranges race of P. lateralis. In addition, meiosis appears to be severely disrupted in the majority (73%) of oocytes examined from two P. l. purpureicollis MacDonnell Ranges race hybrids. In light of these findings we recommend that the purple-necked rock-wallaby be reinstated as a full species, P. purpureicollis Le Souef 1924.
Effects of founder events on the genetic variation of translocated island populations: Implications for conservation management of the northern quoll
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2009
The changing nature of rock-wallaby (Petrogale) research 1980 - 2010
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/AMV33N2_FO
Isolation and characterization of 10 MHC Class I-associated microsatellite loci in tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2008.02401.X
Abstract: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contain genes which play a key role in immune response and mate choice, and are therefore of functional importance to molecular ecologists. Here we describe the design of 10 MHC Class I-associated microsatellite loci from the tammar wallaby. All 10 loci are highly polymorphic, with the expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.547 to 0.919. Six loci successfully cross- lify in other macropodid species. These microsatellites will serve as useful tools for studying the level of MHC ersity, the impact of selection on genetic variation and the unique structure of the tammar wallaby MHC.
Persistence of a potentially rare mammalian genus (Wyulda) provides evidence for areas of evolutionary refugia within the Kimberley, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2014
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of three nuclear genes in rock-wallabies (Petrogale: Marsupialia:Macropodidae): A search for genic markers to identify taxa within the Petrogale lateralis - Penicillata group
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/ZO00078
Abstract: Many rock-wallaby (Petrogale) species within the lateralis–penicillata complex are morphologically similar and can be distinguished only by their unique karyotypes, frustrating attempts to identify specimens in the field and in museums. As chromosome preparations are not always obtainable from specimens, additional diagnostic molecular markers are required. In this study, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of three nuclear genes was undertaken using 100 Petrogale specimens, including representatives of 12 taxa. Eleven novel diagnostic nuclear DNA markers were identified, which enabled the identification of four taxa (P. penicillata, P. purpureicollis, P. lateralis and P. inornata). No markers were found that could reliably distinguish amongst five north-east Queensland species (P. assimilis, P. sharmani, P. mareeba, P. godmani and P. coenensis) or the s led intraspecific taxa of P. lateralis (P. l . lateralis, P. l. pearsoni, MacDonnell Ranges race). These results are consistent with previous studies in demonstrating that P. penicillata, P. purpureicollis, P. lateralis and P. inornata are genically distinct and that the north-east Queensland species and subspecies/races of P. lateralis form two groups of very closely related taxa. Future research should target more rapidly evolving DNA regions, in order to identify specific molecular markers that distinguish amongst taxa within these two groups. Meanwhile, karyotypic analysis remains the only definitive technique currently available to unambiguously identify all taxa within the lateralis–penicillata group.
Phylogeography of the Koala, (Phascolarctos cinereus), and Harmonising Data to Inform Conservation
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-09-2016
Marsupial Population and Conservation Genetics
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2010
Diversity of Cryptosporidium in brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) managed within a species recovery programme
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
The Australian Museum Lord Howe Island Expedition 2017—birds and mammals
Publisher: Australian Museum
Date: 13-12-2017
Karyotype and nuclear DNA content of the Australian lungfish, <i>Neoceratodus forster</i><i>i</i> (Ceratodidae: Dipnoi)
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1159/000134336
Abstract: The karyotype of the lungfish, i Neoceratodus forsteri /i , is described as 2n = 54, comprising 3 pairs of very large metacentrics, 1 pair of large submetacentrics, 13 pairs of smaller acrocentrics, and 10 pairs of microchromosomes. In addition to centromeric constitutive heterochromatin, C-bands were located on the arms of almost all of the macrochromosomes. The nuclear DNA content of i N /i . i forsteri /i was confirmed as being high (98.6–111.9 pg/nucleus).
Radiation of chromosome shuffles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1016/0959-437X(93)90014-G
Abstract: Rock wallabies, Petrogale, exhibit chromosome ersity that is exceptional in marsupials, with 20 distinct chromosome races being recognized. Many of the karyotypic changes identified within Petrogale appear to be recent, although the rate of chromosome evolution varies between taxa. While the patchy distribution of Petrogale and their social structure would facilitate the fixation of novel rearrangements, these factors alone do not explain the pattern of chromosome evolution shown in this group. The chromosome changes that have come to characterize each taxon may offer selective advantages in the particular areas occupied, or it may be that these rearrangements play an important role in reproductive isolation. In Petrogale, the taxa with the largest number of chromosome rearrangements are those that are sympatric, or have multiple zones of parapatry, with other members of the genus. Male hybrids from a variety of chromosomal admixtures were found to be sterile, but with those heterozygous for the least complex rearrangements being least affected. As expected, equivalent female hybrids were less severely affected. Chromosomal and genic changes both appear important in these processes.
Species-specific shifts in centromere sequence composition are coincident with breakpoint reuse in karyotypically divergent lineages
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Genetic relationships of Long-nosed Potoroos Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792) from the Bass Strait Islands, with notes on the subspecies Potorous tridactylus benormi Courtney, 1963
Publisher: Australian Museum
Date: 25-11-2020
Dominance, body size and internal relatedness influence male reproductive success in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/RD09061
Abstract: Knowledge of the determinants of reproductive success is essential for understanding the adaptive significance of particular traits. The present study examined whether particular behavioural, morphological, physiological or genetic traits were correlated with male dominance and reproductive success using three semi-free-ranging captive populations (n = 98) of the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). The morphological traits measured included bodyweight, head, forearm, tail, pes and leg length, forearm and bicep circumference, and testis size. Blood s les were collected to determine serum testosterone concentrations. All in iduals were typed for 10 microsatellite loci and paternity determined for each pouch young. To determine the influence of relatedness and genetic ersity on male reproductive success, internal relatedness, standardised heterozygosity and mean d2 were calculated. Dominant males sired a significantly higher proportion of offspring than smaller, lower-ranked males and had higher testosterone concentrations. Males that sired offspring were significantly heavier and had larger body size. Sires were significantly more heterozygous and genetically dissimilar to breeding females than non-sires. Despite the wealth of knowledge on the social organisation of kangaroos, this is the first study to assign parentage and male reproductive success using molecular evidence.
Genetic evidence of range-wide population declines in an Australian marsupial prior to European settlement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2017
Paternally inherited genetic markers reveal new insights into genetic structuring within Macropus fuliginosus and hybridisation with sympatric Macropus giganteus
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/ZO12087
Abstract: There are several aspects of biology in which the contribution of males and females is unequal. In these instances the examination of Y chromosome markers may be used to elucidate male-specific attributes. Here, male dispersal patterns and genetic structuring were examined using four Y-microsatellite loci in 186 male western grey kangaroos, Macropus fuliginosus, from throughout the species’ trans-continental distribution. In addition, 52 male grey kangaroos were examined to investigate hybridisation between M. fuliginosus and the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus, in their region of sympatry in eastern Australia. Detected Y chromosome ersity was low, resulting from low effective male population size due to skewed sex ratios and a polygynous mating system. As expected, male dispersal was high across the range. However, the Lake Torrens–Flinders Ranges region appears to have significantly restricted male movement between eastern and central/western Australia. There was little evidence to suggest that other barriers (Nullarbor Plain and Swan River Valley) previously identified by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA marker studies restrict male movement. Hence, the admixture events previously identified may be associated with high male dispersal. Within the region of sympatry between M. fuliginosus and M. giganteus in eastern Australia, four M. giganteus in iduals were found to possess M. fuliginosus Y-haplotypes. These results confirm the occurrence of hybridisation between male M. fuliginosus and female M. giganteus. Additionally, the introgression of M. fuliginosus Y-haplotypes into M. giganteus populations indicates that at least some male hybrids are fertile, despite evidence to the contrary from captive studies. This study has provided insights into the male contribution to population history, structure and hybridisation in M. fuliginosus, which were not predicted by comparisons between biparentally and maternally inherited markers. This highlights the importance of direct examination of the Y chromosome to provide novel insights into male-mediated processes, especially where the contribution of the sexes may differ.
Resources for phylogenomic analyses of Australian terrestrial vertebrates
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2017
Abstract: High-throughput sequencing methods promise to improve our ability to infer the evolutionary histories of lineages and to delimit species. These are exciting prospects for the study of Australian vertebrates, a group comprised of many globally unique lineages with a long history of isolation. The evolutionary relationships within many of these lineages have been difficult to resolve with small numbers of loci, and we now know that many lineages also exhibit substantial cryptic ersity. Here, we present a set of phylogenetically erse transcriptome resources to enable exon-based sequence capture studies of Australian vertebrates, including transcriptome sequences for four species of birds, four frogs, seven lizards and seven mammals. We also use exon data from the marsupial transcriptomes we generated to examine an approach for choosing a moderate number (dozens or hundreds) of phylogenetically informative exons based on a single transcriptome sequence, and a relatively distant reference genome.
Isolation and characterisation of microsatellite loci in the bush stone-curlew (burhinus grallarius), a declining australian bird
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/ZO13059
Abstract: The bush stone-curlew (Burhinus grallarius Latham), a ground-nesting nocturnal bird, is endangered in southern Australia due to habitat modification and introduced predators. To provide tools for conservation, ecological and behavioural studies, we isolated variable microsatellite repeat sequences and designed primers for PCR lification in this species. Primer pairs were developed and levels of ersity were assessed for eight microsatellite loci, including one locus linked to the gene encoding Microtubule-Associated Protein 2, a protein important for behavioural imprinting in birds, and one sex-linked locus. Isolated loci contained allelic ersity of between 5 and 17 alleles.
Centromere dynamics and chromosome evolution in marsupials
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2004
Genetic mixing in conservation translocations increases diversity of a keystone threatened species, Bettongia lesueur
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2023
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.17119
Chromosomal Speciation in the Genomics Era: Disentangling Phylogenetic Evolution of Rock-wallabies.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-02-2017
Phylogeny of the rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : MMMMacropodidae). Part II: Detection of hybridisation among macropodines
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/AM09017
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), have proven difficult to resolve. Given the documented interspecific hybridisation in the wild and the ease with which hybrids can be bred in captivity, introgression and hybrid speciation are likely explanations for these difficulties. In this paper, an attempt is made at using a phylogenetic approach to identify Petrogale hybrids of known origin. The Hybrid Detection Criterion (HDC) test is applied to DNA–DNA hybridisation data for 15 full species, two natural yard-bred hybrids, and two artificial hybrids from the same pairs of parental species. While the yard-bred hybrids elude detection with this technique, the artificial hybrids, consisting of equimolar mixture of parental extracts, are easily identified. Moreover, splitsgraphs constructed from five pairs of natural and artificial hybrids, including those evaluated with HDC, and their parents show that, in all cases but one, these two kinds of hybrids do not group together. Because the HDC assumes an intermediate phylogenetic position of the hybrid between its postulated parents, it is likely that unequal crossing-over, or another recombination event, affects the results of the test. These conclusions cast some doubt on the possibility of accurately detecting Petrogale hybrids with a phylogenetic approach.
Testing the ability of topoclimatic grids of extreme temperatures to explain the distribution of the endangered brush‐tailed rock‐wallaby (Petrogale penicillata)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12298
Australian Museum surveys of the vertebrate fauna of Coolah Tops National Park, NSW
Publisher: Australian Museum
Date: 20-05-2020
2017: The Oz Mammals Genomics initiative: mammal genomics, evolution and conservation at a continental scale
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2017
Chromosomal rearrangements in Rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). IV. G-banding analysis of the Petrogale lateralis complex
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1071/ZO9910621
Abstract: The karyotypes of Petrogale lateralis lateralis, P. l. purpureicollis and P. l 'Macdonnell Ranges' were examined with G-banding from cultured fibroblasts. P. l. lateralis (2n = 22) was found to retain the plesiomorphic karyotype, whereas P. l. purpureicollis (2n = 22) and P. l. 'Macdonnell Ranges' (2n = 22) were found to share an apomorphic karyotype characterised by an acrocentric chromosome 3 (3a) and an acrocentric X-chromosome (Xp). Both the 3a and Xp can be derived from their respective P. l. lateralis homologues by centric transpositions. Although P. l. purpureicollis and P. l. 'Macdonnell Ranges' appear very similar chromosomally, they are readily distinguishable genically and morphologically, P. l. 'Macdonnell Ranges' being more similar to P. l. lateralis. Thus, in these taxa, genic and morphological ergence have not been associated with significant changes in karyotype.
High levels of mitochondrial DNA divergence within short-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale brachyotis) populations in northern Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/ZO09119
Abstract: Most population genetics studies of rock-wallabies conducted to date have examined remnant colonies of threatened species inhabiting southern Australia. In this study we examined the natural pattern of contemporary and long-term gene flow among colonies of the widespread and abundant short-eared rock-wallaby, Petrogale brachyotis, in the relatively unmodified landscapes of Australia’s tropical north. We s led 105 wallabies from seven colonies 1.2 km to 250 km apart. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence analysis was conducted on s les from all colonies and microsatellite analysis (10 loci) on s les from the three largest colonies. The microsatellite data revealed no evidence of inbreeding within colonies, but higher levels of genetic ersity were found in the Kakadu National Park population compared with the smaller, more isolated colonies at Litchfield National Park. Both the mtDNA and microsatellite results showed that populations of P. brachyotis are naturally highly structured even within this relatively intact landscape, with only limited contemporary and long-term gene flow between colonies more than 1.2 km apart. Nine mtDNA control region haplotypes were identified within the seven colonies. There were unusually high levels of sequence ergence (up to 6.9%) within colonies at Litchfield NP. This ergence suggests that multiple taxa may exist within what is currently recognised as P. brachyotis. Alternatively, if current taxonomy is correct, the high levels of ergence raise the possibility of ancestral isolation and ergence of populations in allopatry with subsequent admixture at a secondary contact zone. The possibility that these unusually ergent haplotypes result from introgressive interspecific hybridisation with the sympatric P. concinna appears unlikely.
A rapid PCR-RFLP diagnostic test for distinguishing sympatric bandicoot species (Marsupialia : Peramelidae) in southeastern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Using DNA from museum specimens to preserve the integrity of evolutionarily significant unit boundaries in threatened species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Microsatellite variation and population structure in a declining Australian Hylid Litoria aurea
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-04-2004
Terrestrial mammal diversity, conservation and management in Australia
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 22-12-2015
High levels of genetic variation at MHC class II DBB loci in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S00251-008-0347-6
Abstract: High levels of MHC ersity are crucial for immunological fitness of populations, with island populations particularly susceptible to loss of genetic ersity. In this study, the level of MHC class II DBB ersity was examined in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) from Kangaroo Island by genotyping class II-linked microsatellite loci and sequencing of DBB genes. Here we show that the tammar wallaby has at least four expressed MHC class II DBB loci and extensive genetic variation in the peptide-binding region of the DBB genes. These results contradict early studies which suggested that wallabies lacked MHC class II ersity and demonstrate that, in spite of the long-term isolation on an offshore island, this population of wallabies has a high level of DBB ersity.
A new bat species from southwestern Western Australia, previously assigned to Gould’s Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus gouldi Tomes, 1858
Publisher: Australian Museum
Date: 19-05-2021
Retention of latent centromeres in the mammalian genome
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-01-2005
Abstract: The centromere is a cytologically defined entity that possesses a conserved and restricted function in the cell: it is the site of kinetochore assembly and spindle attachment. Despite its conserved function, the centromere is a highly mutable portion of the chromosome, carrying little sequence conservation across taxa. This ergence has made studying the movement of a centromere, either within a single karyotype or between species, a challenging endeavor. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the permutability of centromere location within a chromosome. This permutability is termed "centromere repositioning" when described in an evolutionary context and "neocentromerization" when abnormalities within an in idual karyotype are considered. Both are characterized by a shift in location of the functional centromere within a chromosome without a concomitant change in linear gene order. Evolutionary studies across lineages clearly indicate that centromere repositioning is not a rare event in karyotypic evolution and must be considered when examining the evolution of chromosome structure and syntenic order. This paper examines the theories proposed to explain centromere repositioning in mammals. These theories are interpreted in light of evidence gained in human studies and in our presented data from the marsupial model species Macropus eugenii, the tammar wallaby.
Nematode community structure in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata: Implications of captive breeding and the translocation of wildlife
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXPPARA.2012.06.013
Abstract: Despite an increasing appreciation of the disease risks associated with wild-life translocations, the effects which captive breeding programs exert on parasite communities remain understudied. This may be attributed, in part, to the current lack of rapid and cost-effective techniques for comparing parasite assemblages between host populations. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and 5.8S rRNA gene was used to characterise bursate nematode communities (suborder Strongylida) across two captive and two non-captive colonies of the threatened brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Petrogale penicillata. A clone library was constructed and a restriction enzyme selected to differentiate the predominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by the unique peak profiles they generated. The prevalence, intensity of infection and comparative structure of strongylid assemblages was evaluated for each of the host colonies. Compared to wild conspecifics, captive wallabies exhibited a reduced prevalence of infection and significantly lower faecal egg counts. T-RFLP revealed that a high proportion of the OTUs co-occurred across three of the four study locations. Despite this, the composition of strongylid assemblages was significantly different between the colonies, even when host translocation events had occurred. These results suggest that captive breeding programs may exert a profound impact on parasitic helminth assemblages. Developing efficient techniques for characterising community dynamics in potentially pathogenic organisms is critical to the long term success of species recovery efforts worldwide.
Evolution in a transmissible cancer: a study of the chromosomal changes in devil facial tumor (DFT) as it spreads through the wild Tasmanian devil population
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CANCERGEN.2011.12.001
Abstract: Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) are the largest extant marsupial carnivores. This species, now confined to Tasmania, is endangered from the emergence of a transmissible cancer, devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). In the present study, we use cytogenetic and molecular techniques to examine the stability of devil facial tumor (DFT) cell lines across time and space. This article describes disease progression from February 2004 to June 2011. We demonstrate evolutionary changes in the disease, which affects devils in different sites across Tasmania and over a period of several years, producing several chromosomal variants (strains) that are capable of transmission between devils. We describe the evolution of DFTs in the field and speculate on the possible impacts on the disease, including (1) development of less aggressive forms of the disease (2) development of more aggressive forms of the disease (3) development of forms capable of affecting closely related species of dasyurids (e.g., quolls) (4) extinction of the disease as it acquires additional deleterious mutations that affect either cell viability or transmissibility and (5) co-evolution of the disease and the host. We also speculate about the future of the Tasmanian devil in the wild. We note that although DFTs are regarded as unstable by comparison with another much older transmissible cancer, canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), the potential for development of less aggressive forms of DFTs or for development of resistance in devils is limited by devils' small numbers, low genetic ersity, and restricted geographical distribution.
Multiple biogeographical barriers identified across the monsoon tropics of northern Australia: Phylogeographic analysis of the brachyotis group of rock-wallabies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-03-2012
The Wayward Dog: Is the Australian native dog or Dingo a distinct species?
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 04-09-2017
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4317.2.1
Abstract: The taxonomic identity and status of the Australian Dingo has been unsettled and controversial since its initial description in 1792. Since that time it has been referred to by various names including Canis dingo, Canis lupus dingo, Canis familiaris and Canis familiaris dingo. Of these names C. l. dingo and C. f. dingo have been most often used, but it has recently been proposed that the Australian Dingo should be once again recognized as a full species—Canis dingo. There is an urgent need to address the instability of the names referring to the Dingo because of the consequences for management and policy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the morphological, genetic, ecological and biological data to determine the taxonomic relationships of the Dingo with the aim of confirming the correct scientific name. The recent proposal for Canis dingo as the most appropriate name is not sustainable under zoological nomenclature protocols nor based on the genetic and morphological evidence. Instead we proffer the name C. familiaris for all free-ranging dogs, regardless of breed and location throughout the world, including the Australian Dingo. The suggested nomenclature also provides a framework for managing free-ranging dogs including Dingoes, under Australian legislation and policy. The broad principles of nomenclature we discuss here apply to all free-roaming dogs that coexist with their hybrids, including the New Guinea Singing Dog.
Mapping the distribution of the telomeric sequence (T2AG3)n in rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), by fluorescence in situ hybridization. I. The penicillata complex
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1159/000134634
Abstract: The eight i Petrogale /i (rock-wallaby) species of the i enicillata /i complex have a variable rate of karyotypic evolution, with species differing from the ancestral karyotype by two to six rearrangements. The distribution of the predominant vertebrate telomeric sequence (T sub /sub AG3) sub n /sub was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine if this sequence is retained during centric fusion events or is involved in other rearrangements. In all submetacentric chromosomes derived by centric fusions, the telomeric sequence was identified at or near the centromere, indicating that the (T2AG3) sub n /sub sequence is consistently retained. In two acrocentric chromosomes, derived by centromeric transpositions from submetacentric fusion chromosomes, an interstitial signal was observed at the presumed site of the fusion. This represents the identification of a novel mechanism by which the (T2AG3) sub n /sub sequence may become interstitial. Other interstitial telomeric signals were identified just below the centromere of chromosome 1 and interstitially on chromosome 4 in all eight species of the i enicillata /i complex. These may be related to, respectively, the formation of euchromatic short arms on chromosome 1 and a more ancient rearrangement of chromosome 4 within marsupials.
Synthesis of phylogenetic and karyotypic data
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2011
Satellite shifts and breaks of synteny
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2011
Genetic analysis of a population crash in brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) from Jenolan Caves, south-eastern Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/WR03030
Abstract: Although the theoretical effects of a severe reduction in effective population size (i.e. a bottleneck) are well known, relatively few empirical studies of bottlenecks have been based on extensive temporally spaced s les of a population both before and after a bottleneck. Here we describe the results of one such study, utilising the Jenolan Caves (JC) population of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata). When first s led in 1985 (n = 20) the JC population comprised ~90 in iduals. Subsequently the population crashed, and by 1992 only seven in iduals remained. In 1996 the entire population (n = 10) was again s led. Genetic ersity in the pre- and post-crash JC population was compared using 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and PCR–SSCP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Only a single unique control region haplotype was detected in the pre- and post-crash JC population, although variant haplotypes were present in other P. penicillata populations. Of the 35 microsatellite alleles present in the pre-crash population, nine (26%) were lost during the bottleneck. The average number of rare alleles declined by 72%, allelic ersity was reduced by 30% and average heterozygosity declined by 10%. These observations are consistent with theoretical predictions. Additional analyses revealed that a P.�penicillata female at Wombeyan Caves was the only survivor of a 1990/91 reintroduction attempt using animals from JC. Of the microsatellite alleles detected in this female, 21% (4/19) were no longer present in the post-crash JC population. Furthermore, the genetic profiles of animals from the recently discovered Taralga population indicate that they are not derived from JC stock, but represent a threatened remnant of a hitherto undetected natural P. penicillata population.
Sex chromosome composite idiogram of probe localization by FISH
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2011
Nucleotide substitutions in
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2011
Nucleotide substitutions in
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2011
MGR parsimony tree of syntenic block rearrangements
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2011
Extensive genetic differentiation detected within a model marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Notamacropus eugenii)
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-03-2017
Chromosomal rearrangements in Rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). V. chromosomal phylogeny of the lateralis/penicillata group
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1071/ZO9910629
Abstract: Cladistic analysis of G-banded karyotypes was conducted on 11 Petrogale taxa from the lateralis enicillata group with the genus Thylogale as an outgroup. Within the eastern Petrogale radiation (the penicillata complex), no homoplasy-free phylogenies could be generated and each tree contained character reversals, multiple origins and/or introgression of some chromosome characters. On the basis of the significance of some chromosome rearrangements and the genic relationships of taxa, one tree is favoured as being the most likely, although it is not the most parsimonious. In the lateralis enicillata group the number of chromosome characters available was insufficient to accurately resolve the inter-relationships of the two complexes. However, the data are consistent with the eastern Petrogale radiation being a monophyletic group that excludes members of the Petrogale lateralis complex. The inter-relationships of the three subspecies of P. lateralis that were examined were not resolved by the chromosome data, although the karyotypes of both P. l. purpureicollis and P. l. 'Macdonnell Ranges' can be readily derived from that of P. l. lateralis.
Multifaceted genetic analysis of the Critically Endangered brush-tailed rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in Victoria, Australia: Implications for management
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Phylogenetics, population structure and genetic diversity of the endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) in south-eastern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2005
Biodiversity of parasite assemblages in the genus Petrogale and its relation to the phylogeny and biogeography of their hosts
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/ZO16023
Abstract: Parasites form an integral part of overall bio ersity although they are often overlooked in conservation management, where emphasis is primarily directed towards the host. Parasites are often highly specialised to particular hosts, and thus may be just as threatened as the host they inhabit. For many of Australia’s wildlife species, little is known about their associated parasite communities. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we documented the parasite fauna described in the genetically erse marsupial genus Petrogale, which contains seven species of conservation concern. The literature evaluation showed parasites of Petrogale to be highly erse, with 17 species of protozoa, 8 species of cestodes, 102 species of nematodes and 30 species of ectoparasites identified in 16 of 17 Petrogale host species. A comparison of the parasite communities amongst Petrogale host species indicated a highly significant correlation between the parasite community similarity, and the phylogeny (P = 0.008) and biogeography (P = 0.0001) of their Petrogale hosts, suggesting high host specificity within their associated parasite assemblages. Five Petrogale species have established species recovery programs and their parasite communities should also be considered threatened, and management of parasite ersity required as part of these conservation programs.
Landscape discontinuities influence gene flow and genetic structure in a large, vagile Australian mammal, Macropus fuliginosus
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2009
Genetic diversity in remnant mainland and pristine island populations of three endemic Australian macropodids (Marsupialia): Macropus eugenii, Lagorchestes hirsutus and Petrogale lateralis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2004
Reduced MHC class II diversity in island compared to mainland populations of the black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis lateralis)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2009
Intraspecific variation, sex-biased dispersal and phylogeography of the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-2003
Joint Resource Optimization for Multicell Networks With Wireless Energy Harvesting Relays
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2016
Identification of a novel hybrid zone within the black-footed rock-wallaby (
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 14-06-2021
DOI: 10.1071/ZO20052
Abstract: It is increasingly recognised that intertaxon hybridisation is more common in vertebrates than previously thought. However, recent hybridisation has rarely been reported from wild marsupials, with only three instances of first generation (F1) hybrids reported, all in macropodids. In the 1990s a chromosomally anomalous population of black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) was identified in the Townsend Ridges in central eastern Western Australia. In iduals from this population had chromosomes characteristic of two P. lateralis subspecies (P. l. centralis and P. l. kimberleyensis). This unusual mixture is suggestive of a novel hybrid zone between subspecies, but it could also represent a P. l. centralis population in which a 9–10 chromosome fusion has independently arisen. To test between these hypotheses, we compared mitochondrial DNA Control Region (CR) sequence data from Townsend Ridges in iduals to published data for all P. lateralis subspecies. Two ergent lineages of CR haplotypes were identified at Townsend Ridges, suggesting that it represents a novel rock-wallaby hybrid zone, the third reported in the genus. While one CR haplotype clustered with those typical of P. l. centralis, the other Townsend Ridges haplotypes clustered with those from three different P. lateralis subspecies but not with P. l. kimberleyensis. Additional studies with multiple nuclear genes will be necessary to fully understand the nature of this novel hybrid zone.
Social and genetic analysis of a population of free-living cats (Felis catus L.) exploiting a resource-rich habitat
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/WR02092
Abstract: Free-living cats (Felis catus L.) exploiting a waste-disposal site in rural Australia were studied for two years to investigate population structure and dynamics, and the relatedness of constituent in iduals. The density of the population was equivalent to 700–750 cats km–2, the sex ratio was heavily skewed towards males, breeding occurred from July to April, and kitten survival rates were low. A combination of observational data, biometrics and microsatellite loci analyses was used to assess the relatedness of in iduals in the population these methods yielded highly congruent results. Thus, a female kin-group of three was identified, there was no female immigration, the average relatedness amongst the population was high and there was no indication of male dominance. The results indicate that cats at the site formed a tightly structured group, rather than an ad hoc collection of in iduals. The stable, resource-rich habitat of waste-disposal sites may generally support high densities of group-forming cats in rural Australia, and pose broad-scale but previously unrecognised problems for effective management of free-living cats.
Phylogenetic relationships of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) and their biogeographic history within Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2011.11.005
Abstract: The rock-wallaby genus Petrogale comprises a group of habitat-specialist macropodids endemic to Australia. Their restriction to rocky outcrops, with infrequent interpopulation dispersal, has been suggested as the cause of their recent and rapid ersification. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within and among species of Petrogale were analysed using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1, cytochrome b, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) and nuclear (omega-globin intron, breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene) sequence data with representatives that encompassed the morphological and chromosomal variation within the genus, including for the first time both Petrogale concinna and Petrogale purpureicollis. Four distinct lineages were identified, (1) the brachyotis group, (2) Petrogale persephone, (3) Petrogalexanthopus and (4) the lateralis-penicillata group. Three of these lineages include taxa with the ancestral karyotype (2n=22). Paraphyletic relationships within the brachyotis group indicate the need for a focused phylogeographic study. There was support for P. purpureicollis being reinstated as a full species and P. concinna being placed within Petrogale rather than in the monotypic genus Peradorcas. Bayesian analyses of ergence times suggest that episodes of ersification commenced in the late Miocene-Pliocene and continued throughout the Pleistocene. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that Petrogale originated in a mesic environment and dispersed into more arid environments, events that correlate with the timing of radiations in other arid zone vertebrate taxa across Australia.
Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in changing environments: A genetic perspective
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-06-2011
Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). V. A description of two new subspecies of the black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/ZO19063
Abstract: The black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) is the most widespread member of the endemic Australian macropodid genus Petrogale. Considerable morphological and genetic ersity within this species has long been recognised and P. lateralis is currently ided into three described subspecies (P. lateralis lateralis, P. l. pearsoni, P. l. hacketti) and two undescribed forms (MacDonnell Ranges race, West Kimberley race). Chromosomal, morphological, genic and genomic studies have demonstrated that these five taxa are closely related but distinguishable. Here, we formally name the MacDonnell Ranges race and the West Kimberley race as subspecies of P. lateralis. Taxonomic registration: (LSID publication) rn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71C3B7CE-CE3D-4A78-83A6-5EB50FBBA810
Transmission of a fatal clonal tumor by biting occurs due to depleted MHC diversity in a threatened carnivorous marsupial
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 09-10-2007
Abstract: A fatal transmissible tumor spread between in iduals by biting has emerged in the Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii ), a carnivorous marsupial. Here we provide genetic evidence establishing that the tumor is clonal and therefore foreign to host devils. Thus, the disease is highly unusual because it is not just a tumor but also a tissue graft, passed between in iduals without invoking an immune response. The MHC plays a key role in immune responses to both tumors and grafts. The most common mechanism of immune evasion by tumors is down-regulation of classical cell surface MHC molecules. Here we show that this mode of immune escape does not occur. However, because the tumor is a graft, it should still be recognized and rejected by the host's immune system due to foreign cell surface antigens. Mixed lymphocyte responses showed a lack of alloreactivity between lymphocytes of different in iduals in the affected population, indicating a paucity of MHC ersity. This result was verified by genotyping, providing a conclusive link between a loss of MHC ersity and spread of a disease through a wild population. This novel disease arose as a direct result of loss of genetic ersity and the aggressive behavior of the host species. The neoplastic clone continues to spread although the population, and, without active disease control by removal of affected animals and the isolation of disease-free animals, the Tasmanian devil faces extinction.
Chromosomics: Bridging the Gap between Genomes and Chromosomes
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-08-2019
Abstract: The recent advances in DNA sequencing technology are enabling a rapid increase in the number of genomes being sequenced. However, many fundamental questions in genome biology remain unanswered, because sequence data alone is unable to provide insight into how the genome is organised into chromosomes, the position and interaction of those chromosomes in the cell, and how chromosomes and their interactions with each other change in response to environmental stimuli or over time. The intimate relationship between DNA sequence and chromosome structure and function highlights the need to integrate genomic and cytogenetic data to more comprehensively understand the role genome architecture plays in genome plasticity. We propose adoption of the term ‘chromosomics’ as an approach encompassing genome sequencing, cytogenetics and cell biology, and present ex les of where chromosomics has already led to novel discoveries, such as the sex-determining gene in eutherian mammals. More importantly, we look to the future and the questions that could be answered as we enter into the chromosomics revolution, such as the role of chromosome rearrangements in speciation and the role more rapidly evolving regions of the genome, like centromeres, play in genome plasticity. However, for chromosomics to reach its full potential, we need to address several challenges, particularly the training of a new generation of cytogeneticists, and the commitment to a closer union among the research areas of genomics, cytogenetics, cell biology and bioinformatics. Overcoming these challenges will lead to ground-breaking discoveries in understanding genome evolution and function.
Species concepts for conservation – Reply to Russello and Amato
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Use of genetic methods to establish male-biased dispersal in a cryptic mammal, the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/ZO09014
Abstract: Mammalian dispersal tends to be male-biased although female-biased dispersal has also been reported in a range of taxa. Most of our knowledge on mammalian sex-biased dispersal is based on studies of eutherians and less work has been done on the direction and causes of sex-biased dispersal in marsupials. This study investigated dispersal of sw wallabies between two habitat patches in South Gippsland, Victoria, using genetic methods. A Bayesian clustering test showed a high level of genetic exchange between the two habitat patches despite their separation by 10–17 km of cleared land, a creek and a highway. Females in the overall s le were more closely related to each other than males were to each other and females within habitat patches were more closely related than females between habitat patches whereas the converse was true for males. Bayesian inference showed that more males were migrating from the east to the west habitat patch whereas the converse was true for females and the male migration rate was higher than the female migration rate. The differential migration rate did not cause a significant difference in relatedness between patches in females but it did in males. These relatedness and migration patterns indicate that dispersal in the sw wallaby is male-biased.
Mapping the distribution of the telomeric sequence (T2AG3)n in the Macropodoidea (Marsupialia), by fluorescence in situ hybridization. I. The swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1998
Abstract: Thylogale spp. (pademelons) retain the plesiomorphic (ancestral) 2n = 22 karyotype for the marsupial family Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies). The sw wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, has the most derived macropodid karyotype with the lowest chromosome number (2n = 10 female, 11 male), and a multiple sex chromosome system (XX female, XY1Y2 male). All but one of the W. bicolor chromosomes are fusion chromosomes. Two of these chromosomes, the X chromosome and chromosome 1, are composed of three plesiomorphic Thylogale-like chromosomes. The distribution of the vertebrate telomeric sequence (T2AG3)n was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in both species and a 'map' of non-telomeric (T2AG3)n sites on W. bicolor chromosomes relative to Thylogale chromosomes was constructed. (T2AG3)n signals were observed at six fusion sites in the four fusions chromosomes examined, indicating that the (T2AG3)n sequence is consistently retained during fusions. The distribution of the interstitial signals on the long arm of chromosome 1 of W. bicolor and the X chromosome suggests how a combination of inversions, fusions and centromeric transpositions have resulted in interstitial telomeric sequence.
Islands within islands: genetic structuring at small spatial scales has implications for long‐term persistence of a threatened species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ACV.12603
The genetic mating system, male reproductive success and lack of selection on male traits in the greater bilby
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/ZO09092
Abstract: The greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is the sole remaining species of desert bandicoot on the Australian mainland. The mating system of this species remains poorly understood, due to the bilby’s cryptic nature. We investigated the genetic mating system of the greater bilby in a five-year study of a semi-free-ranging captive population that simulated their wild environment. Morphological traits were examined to determine whether these influenced patterns of male reproductive success and whether selection was acting on them. In any given year more than half the males (59.2 ± 9.3%) failed to sire any offspring. Approximately 70% of sires fathered one offspring, and 30% two or three offspring. Since paternity was not dominated by few males, and given the species’ solitary nature, lack of territoriality and large home ranges, it is likely that males adopt a roving strategy to find receptive females. These results are consistent with an overlap promiscuous mating system. Sires and non-sires could not be distinguished by their morphological traits, and there was no evidence for strong linear or non-linear selection on male traits. These data increase our understanding of bandicoot life-history traits and will assist conservation and management efforts.
Genetic consequences of isolation: island tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) populations and the conservation of threatened species
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2011
Implications of different species concepts for conserving biodiversity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Taxonomic uncertainty and the loss of biodiversity on Christmas Island, Indian ocean
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-11-2014
DOI: 10.1111/COBI.12177
Abstract: The taxonomic uniqueness of island populations is often uncertain which hinders effective prioritization for conservation. The Christmas Island shrew (Crocidura attenuata trichura) is the only member of the highly speciose eutherian family Soricidae recorded from Australia. It is currently classified as a subspecies of the Asian gray or long-tailed shrew (C. attenuata), although it was originally described as a subspecies of the southeast Asian white-toothed shrew (C. fuliginosa). The Christmas Island shrew is currently listed as endangered and has not been recorded in the wild since 1984-1985, when 2 specimens were collected after an 80-year absence. We aimed to obtain DNA sequence data for cytochrome b (cytb) from Christmas Island shrew museum specimens to determine their taxonomic affinities and to confirm the identity of the 1980s specimens. The Cytb sequences from 5, 1898 specimens and a 1985 specimen were identical. In addition, the Christmas Island shrew cytb sequence was ergent at the species level from all available Crocidura cytb sequences. Rather than a population of a widespread species, current evidence suggests the Christmas Island shrew is a critically endangered endemic species, C. trichura, and a high priority for conservation. As the decisions typically required to save declining species can be delayed or deferred if the taxonomic status of the population in question is uncertain, it is hoped that the history of the Christmas Island shrew will encourage the clarification of taxonomy to be seen as an important first step in initiating informed and effective conservation action.
Diversity at the major histocompatibility complex Class II in the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-05-2012
Abstract: The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is the sole survivor of a previously widely distributed and erse lineage of ornithorhynchid monotremes. Its dependence on healthy water systems imposes an inherent sensitivity to habitat degradation and climate change. Here, we compare genetic ersity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II-DZB gene and 3 MHC-associated microsatellite markers with ersity at 6 neutral microsatellite markers in 70 platypuses from across their range, including the mainland of Australia and the isolated populations of Tasmania, King Island, and Kangaroo Island. Overall, high DZB ersity was observed in the platypus, with 57 DZB β1 alleles characterized. Significant positive selection was detected within the DZB peptide-binding region, promoting variation in this domain. Low levels of genetic ersity were detected at all markers in the 2 island populations, King Island (endemic) and Kangaroo Island (introduced), with the King Island platypuses monomorphic at the DZB locus. Loss of MHC ersity on King Island is of concern, as the population may have compromised immunological fitness and reduced ability to resist changing environmental conditions.
Mapping the distribution of the telomeric sequence (T2AG3)n in the 2n = 14 ancestral marsupial complement and in the macropodines (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
Predicting the Probability of Outbreeding Depression
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1523-1739.2011.01662.X
Abstract: Fragmentation of animal and plant populations typically leads to genetic erosion and increased probability of extirpation. Although these effects can usually be reversed by re-establishing gene flow between population fragments, managers sometimes fail to do so due to fears of outbreeding depression (OD). Rapid development of OD is due primarily to adaptive differentiation from selection or fixation of chromosomal variants. Fixed chromosomal variants can be detected empirically. We used an extended form of the breeders' equation to predict the probability of OD due to adaptive differentiation between recently isolated population fragments as a function of intensity of selection, genetic ersity, effective population sizes, and generations of isolation. Empirical data indicated that populations in similar environments had not developed OD even after thousands of generations of isolation. To predict the probability of OD, we developed a decision tree that was based on the four variables from the breeders' equation, taxonomic status, and gene flow within the last 500 years. The predicted probability of OD in crosses between two populations is elevated when the populations have at least one of the following characteristics: are distinct species, have fixed chromosomal differences, exchanged no genes in the last 500 years, or inhabit different environments. Conversely, the predicted probability of OD in crosses between two populations of the same species is low for populations with the same karyotype, isolated for <500 years, and that occupy similar environments. In the former case, we recommend crossing be avoided or tried on a limited, experimental basis. In the latter case, crossing can be carried out with low probability of OD. We used crosses with known results to test the decision tree and found that it correctly identified cases where OD occurred. Current concerns about OD in recently fragmented populations are almost certainly excessive.
Low phylogeographic structure in a wide spread endangered australian frog Litoria aurea (Anura : Hylidae)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2007
Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, petrogale (Marsupialia, macropodidae): I. The petrogale assimilis species complex: G-banding and synaptonemal complex analysis
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1159/000132634
Abstract: Chromosomal rearrangements in three karyotypi-cally distinct, but morphologically and biochemically similar, races of rock wallabies ( i Petrogale /i ) from North Queensland, Australia, were examined by C- and G-banding of cultured fibroblasts and by analysis of synaptonemal complexes from gonads of hybrid in iduals. The i assimilis /i race (2n = 20) had a submetacentric 6 10 centric fusion, whereas the Mt.Claro(2n = 20) and Mareeba (2n = 18) races shared an identical submetacentric 5 10 centric fusion. The 5 of this 5 10 fusion was inverted in both races with respect to the free 5 of the i assimilis /i race. Moreover, the Mareeba race had a unique acrocentric 6 fusion. Thus, while all three races are closely related, it is apparent from the chromosomal orientation that the Mareeba and Mt. Claro races are more closely related to each other than either is to the i assimilis /i race.
Investigation into potential transmission sources of Giardia duodenalis in a threatened marsupial (Petrogale penicillata)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEEGID.2015.05.015
Abstract: Assemblages of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis common in humans and domestic species are increasingly identified in wildlife species, raising concern about the spill-over of pathogens from humans and domestic animals into wildlife. Here, the identity and prevalence of G. duodenalis in populations of a threatened marsupial, the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata), was investigated. Identification of G. duodenalis isolates, across three loci (18S rRNA, β-giardin and gdh), from rock-wallaby fecal s les (n = 318) identified an overall detection rate of 6.3%. No significant difference in G. duodenalis detection was found among captive, wild and supplemented populations. Isolates were assigned to the zoonotic assemblages A and B at 18S rRNA, with sub-assemblages AI and BIV identified at the β-giardin and gdh loci, respectively. Assemblages AI and BIV have previously been identified in human clinical cases, but also in domestic animals and wildlife. The identification of these assemblages in brush-tailed rock-wallabies suggests there are transmission routes of G. duodenalis from humans or other animals to Australian wildlife, both in captivity and in the wild.
Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). IV. Multifaceted study of the brachyotis group identifies additional taxa
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/ZO13095
Abstract: Defining taxonomic units is an important component of understanding how bio ersity has formed, and in guiding efforts to sustain it. Understanding patterns of bio ersity across the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia is limited, with molecular technology revealing deep phylogenetic structure and complex evolutionary histories. The brachyotis group of rock-wallabies (Petrogale spp.), which currently consists of three species (Petrogale brachyotis, P. burbidgei and P. concinna) distributed across north-western Australia, provides an ex le where current taxonomy does not reflect the true ersity or phylogenetic relationships within the group. We have used an integrative approach, combining morphological data, together with DNA sequences (~1000 bp mitochondrial DNA ~3000 bp nuclear DNA) to resolve relationships within P. brachyotis. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses indicated that P. brachyotis (sensu lato) represents at least two separate species: P. brachyotis (sensu stricto) from the Kimberley and western Northern Territory, and P. wilkinsi from the northern and eastern Northern Territory. Petrogale brachyotis (sensu stricto) can be separated on genetic and morphological evidence into two subspecies: P. b. brachyotis and P. b. victoriae (subsp. nov.). Distinct genetic lineages have also been identified within both P. brachyotis and P. wilkinsi, as well as within P. burbidgei and P. concinna.
Provenance of a New Zealand brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) population determined by mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-294X.2001.01382.X
Abstract: Modern molecular genetic techniques provide a valuable means to address questions concerning the origins of naturalized populations. Brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata), of unknown provenance, were introduced to New Zealand from Australia in the early 1870s. While the introduced wallabies prospered in New Zealand, their antecedents in Australia experienced widespread local population extinctions as part of a drastic, widespread and ongoing decline. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was undertaken of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences from P. penicillata in New Zealand (n = 18) and throughout the species' native range in southeastern Australia (n = 54). A single mtDNA haplotype was identified in New Zealand, while 17 haplotypes were found in s led Australian populations. Phylogenetic analysis (583 bp sequence) revealed the presence of three ergent mtDNA groups within Australian P. penicillata, with each group showing distinct geographical circumscription. The New Zealand haplotype consistently clustered within the central New South Wales group and was most similar (0.55% sequence ergence) to a haplotype from Winmalee, just west of Sydney. It seems likely then, that the New Zealand population of P. penicillata was founded by animals captured near Sydney in the late 19th century. Since P. penicillata in this region have experienced widespread population declines and extinctions, the naturalized New Zealand population represents a potentially valuable conservation resource for Australia. However, the unusual history of New Zealand's P. penicillata presents unique challenges to Australian wildlife managers.
Population genetics of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/ZO16081
Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation are key threats to local koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations. Broad-scale management is suboptimal for koalas because distribution models are not easily generalised across regions. Therefore, it is imperative that data relevant to local management bodies are available. Genetic data provides important information on gene flow and potential habitat barriers, including anthropogenic disturbances. Little genetic data are available for nationally significant koala populations in north-eastern New South Wales, despite reported declines due to urbanisation and habitat loss. In this study, we develop 14 novel microsatellite loci to investigate koala populations in north-eastern New South Wales (Port Macquarie, Coffs Harbour, Tyagarah, Ballina) and south-eastern Queensland (Coomera). All locations were significantly differentiated (FST = 0.096–0.213 FʹST = 0.282–0.582), and this pattern was not consistent with isolation by distance (R2 = 0.228, P = 0.058). Population assignment clustered the more northern populations (Ballina, Tyagarah and Coomera), suggesting contemporary gene flow among these sites. For all locations, low molecular variation among (16%) rather than within (84%) sites suggests historical connectivity. These results suggest that koala populations in north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland are experiencing contemporary impediments to gene flow, and highlight the importance of maintaining habitat connectivity across this region.
Understanding Historical Demographic Processes to Inform Contemporary Conservation of an Arid zone Specialist
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-01-2020
Abstract: Little genetic research has been undertaken on mammals across the vast expanse of the arid biome in Australia, despite continuing species decline and need for conservation management. Here, we evaluate the contemporary and historical genetic connectivity of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus, a threatened macropodid which inhabits rocky outcrops across the disconnected mountain range systems of the southern arid biome. We use 17 microsatellite loci together with mitochondrial control region data to determine the genetic ersity of populations and the evolutionary processes shaping contemporary population dynamics on which to base conservation recommendations. Our results indicate the highly fragmented populations have reduced ersity and limited contemporary gene flow, with most populations having been through population bottlenecks. Despite limited contemporary gene flow, the phylogeographic relationships of the mitochondrial control region indicate a lack of structure and suggests greater historical connectivity. This is an emerging outcome for mammals across this arid region. On the basis of our results, we recommend augmentation of populations of P. x. xanthopus, mixing populations from disjunct mountain range systems to reduce the chance of continued ersity loss and inbreeding depression, and therefore maximize the potential for populations to adapt and survive into the future.
Utility-based interference management for full-duplex multicell networks
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2015
Parasites on the hop: Captive breeding maintains biodiversity of Eimeria communities in an endangered marsupial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Tree-kangaroos Dendrolagus in Australia: are D. lumholtzi andD. bennettianussister taxa?
Publisher: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2003.002
Characterisation and cross-species utility of microsatellite markers within kangaroos, wallabies and rat kangaroos (Macropodoidea : Marsupialia)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/ZO03020
Abstract: The analysis of DNA using molecular techniques is an important tool for studies of evolutionary relationships, population genetics and genome organisation. The use of microsatellite genetic markers in marsupial studies is primarily limited by their availability and the success of lification. Within this study, 29 macropodoid (kangaroos, wallabies and rat kangaroos) microsatellite loci were characterised in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) to evaluate the level of polymorphism and effects of cross-species lification. Results indicated that 25 primer pairs lified a single locus, with 21 exhibiting high levels of variability. The success of cross-species lification was inversely proportional to the evolutionary distance between species. Therefore most macropodoid species can be studied using many of the available microsatellites, since source species are regularly distributed among macropodoid lineages. It was shown that M. eugenii had significantly (P 0.01) reduced genetic ersity compared with source species. In addition, many microsatellite loci had reduced repeat arrays within M. eugenii, and all monomorphic loci sequenced had interruptions within the repeat arrays. The ersity differences are most likely caused by ascertainment bias in microsatellite selection for both length and purity. The results from this study highlight the need for caution when using genetic distance measures between ergent taxa, as the assumption of a specific mutation rate and/or type may be violated.
The impact of isolation and bottlenecks on genetic diversity in the Pearson Island population of the black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis pearsoni; Marsupialia:Macropodidae)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/AM11011
Abstract: A morphologically distinct subspecies of black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis pearsoni), is naturally found only on North Pearson Island (~160 ha) in the Investigator Group, SA, where it was isolated by rising sea levels ~10 500 years ago. Subsequent translocations have seen additional populations established on Middle-South Pearson Island (~53 ha) in 1960 and Wedge Island (96 ha) in 1975. We have used 10 hypervariable microsatellite loci to examine the levels of genetic ersity in the endemic (n = 38) and translocated (n = 45–77) P. l. pearsoni populations compared with mainland P. lateralis populations (n = 19–52). Results show that all s led P. l. pearsoni populations have very low levels of genetic ersity (A = 1.5–1.9 HE = 0.02–0.13) compared with mainland populations (A = 3.5–12.7 HE = 0.54–0.87). Intriguingly, more ersity was detected in the translocated Middle-South Pearson population than in its source population from North Pearson Island. In contrast, the Wedge Island population was almost monomorphic. Overall, the severe loss of genetic ersity (up to 98%) in P. l. pearsoni populations appears to result from random genetic drift on a small isolated population, exacerbated by some subsequent one-off translocation events. Although additional supplementary translocations are recommended to enhance genetic ersity, populations of P. l. pearsoni are likely to remain inherently vulnerable to extinction and therefore of special conservation concern.
Phylogeny of the rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) based on DNA/DNA hybridisation
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/ZO01034
Abstract: DNA/DNA hybridisation analysis was undertaken to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the chromosomally erse genus Petrogale. Excepting P. concinna, all full species and three subspecies of P. lateralis were examined all but four of these 16 taxa were labeled, as were four outgroup species. While demonstrating the ability of the technique to resolve relationships at the species level, our study confirmed that ergence of Petrogale species is recent and occurred during the late Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene. Our data placed the first ision within Petrogale species between the monophyletic brachyotis group and the paraphyletic xanthopus plus lateralis enicillata groups, the latter including P. rothschildi the subspecies P. l. purpureicollisappears to be intermediate between thelateralis and thepenicillata complexes. However, our data could not resolve most relationships amongst the eastern Petrogale radiation, except for a probable grouping of the species P. herberti,P. inornata,P. penicillata, andP. sharmani. Finally, our results support recent suggestions that Dendrolagus rather than Thylogaleis the sister taxon to Petrogale.
Genetic monitoring reveals significant population structure in eastern quolls: implications for the conservation of a threatened carnivorous marsupial
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/AM13035
Abstract: The eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus), while still relatively abundant in Tasmania, is now threatened by the recently introduced European red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Due to a lack of demographic information on eastern quolls, molecular data become a crucial surrogate to inform the management of the species. The aim of this study was to acquire baseline genetic data for use in current and future conservation strategies. Genetic variation, at seven microsatellite loci, was lower in Tasmanian eastern quolls than in quoll species from the Australian mainland. Within Tasmania, genetic variation was greater in central than peripheral populations, with the lowest levels detected on Bruny Island. Significant genetic population structure, consistent with regional differentiation, appears related to geographic distance among populations. Levels of gene flow appeared moderate, with genetic admixture greatest among central populations. Therefore, eastern quolls from genetically erse central Tasmanian populations will become an important source for conservation initiatives if widespread declines begin to occur. Ongoing genetic monitoring of existing populations will allow conservation strategies to be adaptive. However, in order for translocations to be successful, managers must not only consider the genetic composition of founding in iduals, but also habitat-specific adaptations, disease and threatening processes at translocation sites.
2017: The Oz Mammals Genomics initiative: mammal genomics, evolution and conservation at a continental scale
Publisher: Figshare
Date: 2017
Gene flow despite complex Robertsonian fusions among rock-wallaby (Petrogale) species
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 10-2015
Abstract: Complex Robertsonian rearrangements, with shared arms in different fusions, are expected to prevent gene flow between hybrids through missegregation during meiosis. Here, we estimate gene flow between recently erged and chromosomally erse rock-wallabies ( Petrogale ) to test for this form of chromosomal speciation. Contrary to expectations, we observe relatively high admixture among species with complex fusions. Our results reinforce the need to consider alternative roles of chromosome change, together with genic ergence, in driving speciation.
Mapping the distribution of the telomeric sequence (T2AG3)n in the Macropodoidea (Marsupialia) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. II. The ancestral 2n = 22 macropodid karyotype
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1159/000098189
Abstract: In marsupial karyotypes with little heterochromatin, the telomeric sequence (T sub /sub AG sub /sub ) sub n /sub , is involved in chromosome rearrangements. Here we compare the distribution of the (T sub /sub AG sub /sub ) sub n /sub sequence in chromosomes recently derived by fusions and other rearrangements (7–0.5 MYBP) with its distribution in chromosomes derived earlier (24–9 MYBP). We have previously shown that the (T sub /sub AG sub /sub ) sub n /sub sequence is consistently retained during chromosome rearrangements that are recent (7–0.5 MYBP). We suggest that in less recent rearrangements (24–9 MYBP) the pattern observed is initial retention followed by loss or lification. We also suggest that the presence of interstitial (T sub /sub AG sub /sub ) sub n /sub sequence is related to the evolutionary status of single chromosomes rather than entire karyotypes.
The distribution of three parapatric, cryptic species of rock-wallaby (Petrogale) in north-east Queensland: P. assimilis, P. mareeba and P. sharmani
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AM08004
Abstract: Three morphologically indistinguishable rock-wallaby species (Petrogale assimilis, P. sharmani and P. mareeba) have parapatric distributions in a relatively small area of north-east Queensland. Although problematic to identify in the field, each species can be unambiguously identified by the shape and number of its chromosomes. Here we summarise the known distribution of these three species, based on populations whose identity has been confirmed via karyotypic analysis.
Impact of Pleistocene aridity oscillations on the population history of a widespread, vagile Australian mammal, Macropus fuliginosus
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2012
Limited sex bias in the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the eastern grey kangaroo and its relationship to habitat
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/ZO16051
Abstract: Animals exhibit a range of dispersal strategies that impact on the organisation of in iduals and can be influenced by both the environment and population demography. We examined the fine-scale spatial genetic structure and patterns of relatedness in 139 adult eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) to test predictions of male-biased dispersal and female philopatry in comparison with previous studies in different environments in the species’ distributions. We found evidence of limited differences between the sexes, with little spatial genetic structure in both males and females. The levels of relatedness among females in close proximity were not indicative of close relatives (e.g. mother–daughter) and there was no evidence of matrilineal structure. Among males, there was little evidence of genetic structure. Although our results are, in general, consistent with those of previous studies, we found study-specific differences in the extent of genetic structure that appear to be related to differences in environmental and demographic conditions across the distribution. This highlights the need for additional research focussing on populations from a range of environmental conditions.
Genetic evidence in support of the recognition of the Kaputar Rock Skink, one of New South Wales’ most range-restricted vertebrate species
Publisher: Australian Museum
Date: 28-08-2019
Iterative optimization for max-min SINR in dense small-cell multiuser MISO SWIPT system
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2015
Evaluation of next generation sequencing for the analysis of Eimeria communities in wildlife
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.MIMET.2016.02.018
Abstract: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are well-established for studying bacterial communities but not yet for microbial eukaryotes. Parasite communities remain poorly studied, due in part to the lack of reliable and accessible molecular methods to analyse eukaryotic communities. We aimed to develop and evaluate a methodology to analyse communities of the protozoan parasite Eimeria from populations of the Australian marsupial Petrogale penicillata (brush-tailed rock-wallaby) using NGS. An oocyst purification method for small s le sizes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the 18S rRNA locus targeting Eimeria was developed and optimised prior to sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. A data analysis approach was developed by modifying methods from bacterial metagenomics and utilising existing Eimeria sequences in GenBank. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) assignment at a high similarity threshold (97%) was more accurate at assigning Eimeria contigs into Eimeria OTUs but at a lower threshold (95%) there was greater resolution between OTU consensus sequences. The assessment of two lification PCR methods prior to Illumina MiSeq, single and nested PCR, determined that single PCR was more sensitive to Eimeria as more Eimeria OTUs were detected in single licons. We have developed a simple and cost-effective approach to a data analysis pipeline for community analysis of eukaryotic organisms using Eimeria communities as a model. The pipeline provides a basis for evaluation using other eukaryotic organisms and potential for erse community analysis studies.
Biogeographic barriers in north-western Australia: An overview and standardisation of nomenclature
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/ZO12012
Cytogenetic and molecular evaluation of centromere-associated DNA sequences from a marsupial (Macropodidae: Macropus rufogriseus) X chromosome
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1534/GENETICS.105.047654
Abstract: The constitution of the centromeric portions of the sex chromosomes of the red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus (family Macropodidae, subfamily Macropodinae), was investigated to develop an overview of the sequence composition of centromeres in a marsupial genome that harbors large amounts of centric and pericentric heterochromatin. The large, C-band-positive centromeric region of the X chromosome was microdissected and the isolated DNA was microcloned. Further sequence and cytogenetic analyses of three representative clones show that all chromosomes in this species carry a 178-bp satellite sequence containing a CENP-B DNA binding domain (CENP-B box) shown herein to selectively bind marsupial CENP-B protein. Two other repeats isolated in this study localize specifically to the sex chromosomes yet differ in copy number and intrachromosomal distribution. Immunocytohistochemistry assays with anti-CENP-E, anti-CREST, anti-CENP-B, and anti-trimethyl-H3K9 antibodies defined a restricted point localization of the outer kinetochore at the functional centromere within an enlarged pericentric and heterochromatic region. The distribution of these repeated sequences within the karyotype of this species, coupled with the apparent high copy number of these sequences, indicates a capacity for retention of large amounts of centromere-associated DNA in the genome of M. rufogriseus.
Unprecedented low levels of genetic variation and inbreeding depression in an island population of the black-footed rock-wallaby
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1999
Molecular detection of hybridization between sympatric kangaroo species in south-eastern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2010
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.2009.137
Abstract: Introgressive hybridization has traditionally been regarded as rare in many vertebrate groups, including mammals. Despite a propensity to hybridize in captivity, introgression has rarely been reported between wild sympatric macropodid marsupials. Here we investigate sympatric populations of western (Macropus fuliginosus) and eastern (Macropus giganteus) grey kangaroos through 12 autosomal microsatellite loci and 626 bp of the hypervariable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. M. fuliginosus and M. giganteus within the region of sympatry corresponded, both genetically and morphologically, to their respective species elsewhere in their distributions. Of the 223 grey kangaroos examined, 7.6% displayed evidence of introgression, although no F1 hybrids were detected. In contrast to captive studies, there was no evidence for unidirectional hybridization in sympatric grey kangaroos. However, a higher portion of M. giganteus backcrosses existed within the s le compared with M. fuliginosus. Hybridization in grey kangaroos is reflective of occasional breakdowns in species boundaries, occurring throughout the region and potentially associated with variable conditions and dramatic reductions in densities. Such rare hybridization events allow populations to incorporate novel ersity while still retaining species integrity.
Population genomics of a predatory mammal reveals patterns of decline and impacts of exposure to toxic toads.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-09-2022
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.16680
Abstract: Mammal declines across northern Australia are one of the major bio ersity loss events occurring globally. There has been no regional assessment of the implications of these species declines for genomic ersity. To address this, we conducted a species-wide assessment of genomic ersity in the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), an Endangered marsupial carnivore. We used next generation sequencing methods to genotype 10,191 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 352 in iduals from across a 3220-km length of the continent, investigating patterns of population genomic structure and ersity, and identifying loci showing signals of putative selection. We found strong heterogeneity in the distribution of genomic ersity across the continent, characterized by (i) biogeographical barriers driving hierarchical population structure through long-term isolation, and (ii) severe reductions in ersity resulting from population declines, exacerbated by the spread of introduced toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina). These results warn of a large ongoing loss of genomic ersity and associated adaptive capacity as mammals decline across northern Australia. Encouragingly, populations of the northern quoll established on toad-free islands by translocations appear to have maintained most of the initial genomic ersity after 16 years. By mapping patterns of genomic ersity within and among populations, and investigating these patterns in the context of population declines, we can provide conservation managers with data critical to informed decision-making. This includes the identification of populations that are candidates for genetic management, the importance of remnant island and insurance/translocated populations for the conservation of genetic ersity, and the characterization of putative evolutionarily significant units.
Mapping the distribution of the telomeric sequence (T2AG3)n in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1159/000063037
Abstract: The distribution of the conserved vertebrate telomeric sequence (T sub /sub AG sub /sub ) sub n /sub was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization in the six i Petrogale /i (rock wallabies) taxa of the i lateralis /i complex. As expected, the (T sub /sub AG sub /sub ) sub n /sub sequence was located at the termini of all chromosomes in all taxa. However, the sequence was also present at several nontelomeric (viz., interstitial and centromeric) sites. The signals identified were associated with either ancient rearrangements involved with the formation of the 2n = 22 plesiomorphic macropodine karyotype or more recent rearrangements associated with karyotypes derived from the 2n = 22 karyotype. Interstitial (T sub /sub AG sub /sub ) sub n /sub signals identified on chromosomes 3 and 4 in all six species of the i lateralis /i complex and a large centromeric signal identified on chromosome 7 in the five subspecies/races of i P. lateralis /i appear to be related to the more ancient rearrangements. Subsequent chromosome evolution has seen these signals retained, lost, or lified in different i Petrogale /i lineages. Within the i lateralis /i complex, in two submetacentric chromosome derived by recent centric fusions, the telomeric sequence was identified at or near the centromere, indicating its retention during the fusion process. In the two taxa where chromosome 3 was rearranged via a recent centromeric transposition to become an acrocentric chromosome, the telomeric signal was located interstitially.
Path-Following Algorithms for Beamforming and Signal Splitting in RF Energy Harvesting Networks
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2016
The importance of appropriate taxonomy in Australian mammalogy
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 12-10-2022
DOI: 10.1071/AM22016
Abstract: The use of correct taxonomy to describe and name the earth’s bio ersity is fundamental to conservation and management. However, there are issues that need to be overcome to ensure that the described taxa and their scientific names are both appropriate and widely adopted. Obstacles to this include the use of different species definitions, taxonomic instability due to accumulation of additional specimens in analyses and the progression of science that allows better resolution of species boundaries, and the inappropriate description and naming of new taxa without adequate scientific basis in self-published journals (known as ‘taxonomic vandalism’). In an effort to manage taxonomic instability, the Australasian Mammal Taxonomy Consortium (AMTC), an affiliated body of the Australian Mammal Society, has developed several tools that include: (1) a standardised list of Australian mammal common and scientific names (2) recommendations for information that should be included in published species descriptions and (3) support for the publication of aspidonyms (i.e. a scientifically acceptable name proposed to overwrite a pre-existing unscientific name). This review discusses these issues, reaffirms the foundations for appropriate taxonomic research, and provides guidelines for those publishing taxonomic research on Australian mammals.
Phylogeography of southern brown and golden bandicoots: implications for the taxonomy and distribution of endangered subspecies and species
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/ZO19052
Abstract: Southern brown (Isoodon obesulus) and golden (Isoodon auratus) bandicoots are iconic Australian marsupials that have experienced dramatic declines since European settlement. Conservation management programs seek to protect the remaining populations however, these programs are impeded by major taxonomic uncertainties. We investigated the history of population connectivity to inform subspecies and species boundaries through a broad-scale phylogeographic and population genetic analysis of Isoodon taxa. Our analyses reveal a major east–west phylogeographic split within I. obesulus/I. auratus, supported by both mtDNA and nuclear gene analyses, which is not coincident with the current species or subspecies taxonomy. In the eastern lineage, all Tasmanian s les formed a distinct monophyletic haplotype group to the exclusion of all mainland s les, indicative of long-term isolation of this population from mainland Australia and providing support for retention of the subspecific status of the Tasmanian population (I. o. affinis). Analyses further suggest that I. o. obesulus is limited to south-eastern mainland Australia, representing a significant reduction in known range. However, the analyses provide no clear consensus on the taxonomic status of bandicoot populations within the western lineage, with further analyses required, ideally incorporating data from historical museum specimens to fill distributional gaps.
Conservation genomics of the ‘Endangered’ long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) population at North Head, Sydney, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-05-2021
DC programming for power minimization in a multicell network with RF-powered relays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2015
Captive management and the maintenance of genetic diversity in a vulnerable marsupial, the greater bilby
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/AM14009
Abstract: The endemic Australian greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is a vulnerable and iconic species. It has declined significantly due to habitat loss, as well as competition and predation from introduced species. Conservation measures include a National Recovery Plan that incorporates several captive breeding programs. Two of these programs were established within 12 months of one another (1997/98), with the same number and sex ratio of founding in iduals, but executed different breeding strategies: (1) unmanipulated mating in semi–free range natural habitat versus (2) minimising mean kinship in large enclosures, with the supplementation of new in iduals into both populations. This study evaluates the long-term genetic impact of these programs and examines the congruency between the pedigree studbook estimates of ersity and molecular data. Our data demonstrate that genetic ersity was maintained in both populations, with the supplementation of new in iduals contributing to the gene pool. The studbook estimates of ersity and inbreeding are not consistent with the microsatellite data and should not solely be relied upon to evaluate the genetic health of captive populations. Our analyses suggest that captive breeding programs may not require costly and intensive management to effectively maintain long-term genetic ersity in a promiscuous species.
Genomic instability within centromeres of interspecific marsupial hybrids
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1534/GENETICS.107.082313
Abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that, within a lineage, particular genomic regions are subject to instability that can lead to specific types of chromosome rearrangements important in species incompatibility. Within family Macropodidae (kangaroos, wallabies, bettongs, and potoroos), which exhibit recent and extensive karyotypic evolution, rearrangements involve chiefly the centromere. We propose that centromeres are the primary target for destabilization in cases of genomic instability, such as interspecific hybridization, and participate in the formation of novel chromosome rearrangements. Here we use standard cytological staining, cross-species chromosome painting, DNA probe analyses, and scanning electron microscopy to examine four interspecific macropodid hybrids (Macropus rufogriseus × Macropus agilis). The parental complements share the same centric fusions relative to the presumed macropodid ancestral karyotype, but can be differentiated on the basis of heterochromatic content, M. rufogriseus having larger centromeres with large C-banding positive regions. All hybrids exhibited the same pattern of chromosomal instability and remodeling specifically within the centromeres derived from the maternal (M. rufogriseus) complement. This instability included lification of a satellite repeat and a transposable element, changes in chromatin structure, and de novo whole-arm rearrangements. We discuss possible reasons and mechanisms for the centromeric instability and remodeling observed in all four macropodid hybrids.
Does the ‘extinct’ eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) persist in Barrington Tops, New South Wales?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/AM16029
Abstract: The eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) is believed to be extinct on the Australian mainland, with the last confirmed record in 1963. Recently an eastern quoll specimen was located that had been found in northern Barrington Tops National Park (200 km north of Sydney) in 1989. Partial sequences (~200 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome b were obtained from the Barrington Tops specimen and compared with sequences from known mainland and Tasmanian eastern quolls. The genetic data, while limited, are most consistent with the Barrington Tops specimen being derived from the ‘extinct’ mainland eastern quoll population. This suggests that eastern quolls survived for decades longer on the Australian mainland than previously thought and raises the possibility that they may still persist in remote areas such as Barrington Tops.
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