ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8224-4903
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JOCN.12852
Abstract: In 2011, a workplace project was established to provide a small group of people who had younger onset dementia with the opportunity to return to the workplace. The project sought to explore the feasibility and safety of engaging these younger people in workplace activities if an appropriate framework of support was provided. Opportunities to engage in meaningful activities are quite limited for younger people with dementia because services are targeted at an older client population. A qualitative exploratory approach was used for the project evaluation. Participants were people who were 65 years or younger and had a diagnosis of dementia. They attended a large metropolitan hardware store one day per week and worked beside a store employee for a four hour work shift. Evaluation of the project included observation of participant's engagement in the workplace, adverse events and a qualitative analysis that used participant-nominated good project outcomes. Nine people with a mean age of 58·8 years participated in the project. Six of these participants have been engaged at the workplace for more than two years. All participants were able to gain the skills needed to complete their respective work duties. Participants initially assisted with simple work tasks, but over time, they were able to expand their range of duties to include more complex activities such as customer sales. Participants achieved their nominated good outcomes of improved well-being, engaging in worthwhile activities, contributing to society and socialisation. The evaluation has shown that this workplace programme is a viable model of engagement for younger people with dementia. This evaluation offers a practical demonstration that it is feasible and safe to provide opportunities for younger people with dementia to engage in meaningful activities in the community if appropriate support is provided.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-01-2013
Abstract: This paper describes an innovative demonstration program called Side by Side that was initiated to assess the feasibility of supported workplace engagement for people with younger onset dementia. Seven people with mild dementia work one day per week beside a work-buddy in a large metropolitan hardware store. Work-buddies are store employees who have undergone dementia training. Work duties are negotiated at the start of each shift and include restocking, plant care, assembling display stock and serving customers. All participants have been able to adapt to the workplace environment and some now talk about ‘their customers’. Family carers have reported a positive impact on self-esteem and life satisfaction as a result of the workplace experience. This evaluation of feasibility has exceeded all expectations and has demonstrated that it is possible to offer meaningful activities for people with mild dementia if an appropriate framework of support is provided.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-172X.2001.00269.X
Abstract: The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the best available evidence on the factors that increase the risk of patients falling during hospitalization. Studies included in the review were those that involved adult patients in hospital, that attempted to identify risk factors for falling, and used a cohort or case-control research design. The search strategy covered all major databases and including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Current Contents, Psyclit, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Results were summarized by a narrative discussion, identifying risk factors that were commonly identified in a range of practice settings. Eighteen papers met the review inclusion criteria and are reported in this paper. Factors associated with an increased risk of falling include impaired mental status, special toileting needs, impaired mobility, and a history of falling. While findings are contradictory, it appears that both medications and advanced age will also influence a patient's risk of falling.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.1016/S0964-3397(95)80344-0
Abstract: Brain death has created a new class of dead people that does not conform to society's expectations of normal death and dying. Brain death also causes intense emotions and great stress for the family and friends of the person concerned. Nurses play a major role in helping the family through this distressing time by maintaining high standards of nursing care. Major components of this care include effective communication and caring that supports the family. While these families have a variety of special needs, it is the nurses' constant bedside presence that provides many opportunities to have a positive influence on family members' ability to cope with the tragedy and begin the healing process.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 12-2020
Abstract: The aim of this scoping review was to provide evidence for health practitioners to improve patient education practice for chronic pain management. A scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) 1 five-stage framework, investigated contemporary patient education programs (2007–2018) for chronic pain management in education content, formats of delivery, and tools used for evaluation. Content analysis and description were used for the outcome report. Seven quantitative studies were included. Education content consisted of General information, Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Self-management, and Pain neurophysiology (PN). Education delivery formats varied from workbook to workbook, face-to-face, online, when given for a group or in idual or in a combined way. In total, 19 tools were reported for the evaluation of the education programs. There is a variety in the education content and the delivery formats. The majority of programs showed effectiveness in patients’ chronic pain management based on their selected evaluation tools. This review showed that patient education programs can be useful in chronic pain management. The effectiveness of patient education programs focuses on the improved patients’ physical function and quality of life rather than the cessation of pain only.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-01-2013
Abstract: This qualitative review explored the impact of dementia on marriage. The method was informed by systematic review and qualitative research methodologies. A comprehensive search of major databases was undertaken. The search identified 115 studies on the topic 23 met the inclusion criteria and 19 were appraised as being of good methodological quality. Two major themes and five sub-themes emerged from the analysis of included studies, transition and loss. The theme of transition encompassed the three sub-themes of relationship, roles and intimacy and reflected the changes in the marriage and marital relationship that accompanied dementia. The theme of loss encompassed the two sub-themes of loss of a partner and loss of a marriage, which reflected the many losses that accompanied dementia. However, transition and loss were inter-related, because each change was accompanied by loss and each loss produced another change in the marriage.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1994
DOI: 10.1016/S1036-7314(94)70675-5
Abstract: This descriptive study looked at how nurses positioned the critically ill person in the Intensive Care Unit. Its objective was to identify what positions were utilised, and whether severity of illness influenced this choice. The findings show nurses are conservative in their use of position during critical illness. There was only limited use of elevation of the backrest of the bed or rotation to the side during the side lying position. As the severity of illness increased, more horizontal positions were utilised. These findings and review of the literature highlights a need for further research into specific aspects of the use of position during critical illness.
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-10-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.2007.04419.X
Abstract: This paper is a report of a study to evaluate the validity of three fall-risk assessment tools to identify patients at high risk for falls. Patient falls make up 38% of all adverse events occurring in hospital settings, and may result in physical injury and undesirable emotional and financial outcomes. No single fall-risk assessment tool has been conclusively validated. The Morse Fall Scale, St Thomas Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients, and Hendrich II Fall Risk Model were validated in inter-rater reliability and validity studies in 2003. This included assessment of the probability of disagreement, kappa-values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the assessment tools with the associated 95% CI. One hundred and forty-four patients were recruited for the inter-rater reliability study. The probabilities of disagreement were between 2.8% and 9.7%, and 95% CI for all tools ranged from 1.1% to 15.7%. The kappa-values were all higher than 0.80. In the validity study, 5489 patients were recruited to observe 60 falls. The Morse Fall Scale at a cutoff score of 25 and Heindrich II Fall Risk Model at a cutoff score of 5 had strong sensitivity values of 88% and 70%, respectively. However, in comparison with the Morse Fall Scale (specificity = 48.3%), only the Heindrich II Fall Risk Model had a more acceptable level of specificity (61.5%). The Heindrich II Fall Risk Model is potentially useful in identifying patients at high risk for falls in acute care facilities.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2013
DOI: 10.1111/IJN.12213
Abstract: Person-centred care (PCC) is defined as the health-care providers selecting and delivering interventions or treatments that are respectful of and responsive to the characteristics, needs, preferences and values of the in idual person. This model of care puts the person at the centre of care delivery. The World Health Organization suggests that PCC is one of the essential dimensions of health care and as such is an important indicator of health-care quality. However, how PCC is implemented differs between countries in response to local cultures, resources and consumer expectations of health care. This article discusses person-centred care in the Indonesian health-care system.
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2016
Abstract: The aim of this qualitative exploratory study was to investigate community care clinicians’ perceptions of the challenges faced by people who have dementia and live alone at home. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups with 21 community health and social care clinicians who supported people with dementia in the community. The perceived challenges that were identified related to poor hygiene, inadequate nutrition, keeping safe, other health problems, managing money, coping with technology, and lack of support. Although the findings only represent the perspective of clinicians and so tend to focus on clinical issues, they nonetheless resonate with previous research demonstrating that the issues have persisted for at least two decades. There are a number of implications arising from these perceptions related to a person with dementia’s potential capacity to care for their health, interact safely with other people, and live at home alone. As the severity of cognitive impairment increases, their ability to care for their health and well-being will be compromised. This highlights the importance of community care clinicians being engaged in the early detection of this population and the establishment of supportive routines. These issues will likely to be of international interest, as many countries are facing the challenge of providing community-based care for an increasing number of older people with dementia. However, providing this type of dementia care for people who live alone has received little attention in the literature, and problems remain with meeting the practical challenges faced by this vulnerable population.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2013
DOI: 10.1111/IJN.12096
Abstract: Respite is an important strategy for supporting family carers and care recipients. However, it is a complex intervention and the term 'respite' is often used as a generic descriptor for a erse service. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of respite services for older people in South Australia. A 32 item questionnaire that was developed from the literature was distributed to coordinators of respite services for older people. The findings show that respite is most often a pre-planned service offered to clients for a week or more. It encompasses many different types the most common was residential care facility overnight respite. Although there is flexibility in the service, there is a scope to increase the choices that are available to carers and care recipients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-01-2016
DOI: 10.1111/INM.12182
Abstract: This discussion paper identifies and examines several tensions inherent in traditional approaches to understanding older people's suicide. Predicted future increases in the absolute number of elderly suicides are subject to careful interpretation due to the underreporting of suicides in older age groups. Furthermore, a significant number of studies of older people's death by suicide examine risk factors or a combination of risk factors in retrospect only, while current approaches to suicide prevention in the elderly place disproportionate emphasis on the identification and treatment of depression. Taken together, such tensions give rise to a monologic view of research and practice, ultimately limiting our potential for understanding older people's experience of suicide and suicidal behaviour. New approaches are necessary if we are to move beyond the current narrow focus that prevails. Fresh thinking, which draws on older people's experience of attempting to die by suicide, might offer critical insight into socially-constructed meanings attributed to suicide and suicidal behaviour by older people. Specifically, identification through research into the protective mechanisms that are relevant and available to older people who have been suicidal is urgently needed to effectively guide mental health nurses and health-care professionals in therapeutic engagement and intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S1036-7314(05)80058-X
Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the best available evidence relating to the nursing management of chest drains. Studies included were those involving hospital patients with a chest drain in situ. A comprehensive and systematic search of the literature was undertaken that included all major databases. Methodological quality was assessed using a developed checklist. The randomised controlled trial (RCT) design was rarely used and therefore evidence was summarised using a narrative discussion. Studies using other methods were also assessed for inclusion in this narrative summary. The findings of this review highlight the lack of research on most aspects of the nursing management of patients with chest drains in situ. RCTs suggest that chest drains remain patent with or without stripping and milking of tubes, but that the total drainage was greater from manipulated tubes. There is little evidence relating to other aspects of chest drain management such as dressing of insertion site, actions following accidental disconnection and tube removal. There is therefore a need for rigorous research in many areas of the nursing management of chest drains, particularly with subjects under the age of 18 years.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2012
DOI: 10.1111/JAN.12044
Abstract: To report an analysis of the concept of respite for older people. Respite is an important support strategy for family carers of older people. However, there is considerable confusion in the literature about the nature, scope, and outcomes of respite services. The data source for the concept analysis was a review of literature addressing respite for older people. There were no publication date restrictions for the review and literature was searched up to 2010. Concept analysis that was informed by the work of Dubin and the operationalization of Dubin's work by Holton and Lowe. A review of the literature was undertaken to better understand the nature of respite for older people. The review investigated the views of respite from the perspective of the service provider, family carer, and care-recipient. A conceptual model of respite was developed using a four-step approach: gaining an understanding of the phenomenon identifying and retrieving relevant studies analysing the construct and developing the conceptual model. The conceptual model that emerged from this process consisted of three attributes, Partnership, Service, and Respite. The attribute of Partnership concerned the relationship between the service provider, carer and care-recipient. The attribute of Service concerned what the provider offered and focused on two important areas, assistance and engagement. The attribute of Respite concerned the outcomes that the family carer and care-recipient gained from respite and focused on freedom, support, and connection. The conceptual model provides a framework to assist in the development of respite services.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JAN.14964
Abstract: To explore the experiences of being an older nurse or midwife employed in the healthcare workplace. A qualitative descriptive study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses and midwives who self‐identified as older workers. All Australian states were represented and given recruitment was undertaken nationally, most interviews were conducted via telephone. Data were collected between November 2018 and October 2019. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and then thematically analysed. A total of 50 nurses and midwives were recruited, aged between 46 and 74 years. Three themes were identified. Ageing body: Being an older worker meant increased fatigue and physical changes affecting their ability to function at full capacity. Youth focus: For many, being an older worker was about being viewed as a poor‐quality worker, with limited access to education and promotional opportunities because of their age. Wise worker: For a small number of older nurses and midwives, it was about being valued and respected for their knowledge, experience and skills. Participants self‐identifying as older nurses or midwives represented a wide age range. Spanning across the age spectrum, many experienced fatigue, physical changes or loss of value to the workplace which often impacted on their working lives. The findings contributed to an understanding about what it is to be an older nurse or midwife in terms of how their contribution is regarded and valued by others in the workplace. This study highlighted there is a need for support of older nurses and midwives in managing age‐related fatigue and physical changes. It also suggests consideration of a wise‐worker model as a means to recognize the important contribution that older workers can offer.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-2018.2011.00583.X
Abstract: This Best Practice Information Sheet aims to synthesize the best-available evidence on music as a therapeutic intervention for the management of anxiety or pain related to procedural or operative interventions. The information that is contained in this sheet has been derived from studies that were included in a systematic review that was conducted by The Joanna Briggs Institute. The original references can be sourced from the systematic review. Music as a therapeutic intervention is a development largely of the mid-20th century however, it has existed in various forms in most cultures for many centuries. The Best Practice Information Sheet includes music-listening before a procedure or operation, during a procedure or operation, and after a procedure or operation. It excludes other forms of music therapy. Several recommendations for practice are made.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-09-2016
Abstract: This study explored the emergence of dementia in people who were still working. A qualitative life course approach was used to describe the experience from the onset of dementia-related symptoms to the time when the person left the workforce. The emergence of dementia at work for the participants in this study took the form of a slow transition that initially was not noticed by co-workers. It brought about subtle changes as the person became forgetful, disorganised, made mistakes and was slower. Over time the person’s job performance continued to deteriorate and others at the workplace started to realise that there was a problem. Some were seen to be poor workers and so experienced difficulties with supervisors and co-workers. Others encountered difficulties managing changing relationships at work and negotiating the complex world of the workplace. Few were able to continue working beyond their diagnosis, and several raised concerns about the lack of opportunities for people who develop dementia while still employed. Given the greater participation of older people in the workforce, findings highlight the importance of identifying and supporting workers with declining cognitive function.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-06-2013
DOI: 10.1111/IJN.12106
Abstract: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach that has gained recognition for facilitating the transfer of evidence into clinical practice. EBP ch ions is a strategy that can be adopted to encourage the uptake of EBP. This paper describes an action research project that was undertaken in Mal es. EBP ch ion model has been introduced in the Mal es early 2012 and aims to produce clinical leaders from variety of backgrounds who could implement EBP. This paper provides an extended discussion of the process that was undertaken to prepare EBP ch ions and their roles in implementing EBP.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JAN.15494
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore healthcare managers' perceptions about older nurses' and midwives' and their contribution to the workplace. A qualitative descriptive methodology. Twenty healthcare managers working in Australia participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were collected between April 2019 and April 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis. All healthcare managers said older nurses and midwives contributed to the workplace through their experience and knowledge. Managers viewed them as a different type of worker and while there were some positive aspects to this, it was mostly negative. Although managers identified a broad age range for the older nurses or midwives, there was a common perception that if they were no longer able to perform their duties, they should leave the workforce. Healthcare managers' perceptions towards older nurses and midwives are mostly negative, and their understanding of older workers' contribution is contradictory and poor. These negative views co‐exist with the lack of agreement on who is the older worker, which explain the reluctance of healthcare organizations to invest in their older workforce. Future research is needed to better understand the unique contribution of older nurses and midwives in healthcare and how they can be supported at work. The global ageing population will result in a rise in complex age‐related health issues and will require an experienced and knowledgeable workforce. Given the greater experience of older nurses and midwives they are an important part of the health workforce. Yet managers' perception of the contribution by older nurses and midwives were often negative. The findings of this study highlight the need for organizational change so that the contribution of older nurses and midwives is recognized and supported by managers.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 09-11-2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/698604
Abstract: This study aims to explore the barriers to evidence based practice (EBP) experienced by nurses working in a Mal ian healthcare organisation. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to nurses in 5 healthcare facilities and 198 completed questionnaires were returned. The results of this study show that the perceived barriers by the nurses in the Mal es are not significantly different from those reported in developed countries. For healthcare organisations in the Mal es, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the barriers and facilitators to research practice in order to implement EBP. The study showed that the major barriers to research use were that “the relevant literature is not compiled in one place,” there is “insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas,” and “administration will not allow implementation.” The key facilitating factors for EBP include support, encouragement, and recognition by the management and administration. The findings of this study can be useful for determining strategies that can be introduced in the clinical setting to use EBP. Healthcare organisations must continue their support in order to decrease the barriers and optimise care in healthcare facilities.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-172X.2003.00425.X
Abstract: Dehydration is the most common fluid and electrolyte imbalance in older adults. The objectives were to identify the factors that increase the risk of dehydration in older adults, how best to assess the risk and manage oral fluid intake. Data sources included Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase and Current Contents, which were searched until February 2002. Randomized controlled trials for management of adequate fluid intake were undertaken. Cohort and case control studies were used for the identification of risk factors for dehydration. Studies of assessment tools for the identification of dehydration were also considered. Results show that there is no clear determination of the risk factors for dehydration and decreased fluid intake. The recommended daily intake of fluids should be not less than 1600 mL/24 h in order to ensure adequate hydration. A fluid intake sheet and urine specific gravity might be the best methods of monitoring daily fluid intake. Regular presentation of fluids to bedridden older adults can maintain adequate hydration status. In conclusion, more research is required to determine the optimum method of maintaining adequate oral hydration in older adults.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-03-2019
DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2019.1578303
Abstract: This paper describes the nature and scope of protective factors that give older people reasons and experiences to live following a suicide attempt. In order to understand more about what protective factors influenced them, we conducted a multiple-case study of seven older people who attempted suicide. The main category from the within-case analysis was the self. Between-case analysis identified four main categories: interpersonal relationships, meaningful activities and interests, community engagement, and involvement of mental health services staff. These findings offer valuable insight into the meanings behind the reasons and experiences that promote survival of older people following a suicide attempt.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S1036-7314(00)70624-2
Abstract: In response to the growing volume of health care literature and the variable quality of reported studies, systematic reviews have increasingly been used to guide health care decisions because of their rigorous summary of the research. Systematic reviews utilise planned methods of identifying, appraising, then summarising the results from in idual studies. The steps in performing a systematic review include: preparing a detailed research protocol selecting criteria for inclusion of articles in the review systematically searching the published and unpublished literature determining which articles meet the predefined inclusion criteria critically appraising the quality of the research extracting outcome data from the research report and statistically combining data, where appropriate, in order to summarise the best available evidence on the topic of interest. These processes are documented in the systematic review report, and can be subject to peer review and critique like other research.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 23-03-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-06-2014
Abstract: Photography is a tool that has been used in research for many years. It allows people to create a record of an event, capture a complex phenomenon or to tell a story with pictures. Because it does not rely on language, it can be used with vulnerable populations who might not normally be included in research. This paper discusses the use of photography as one component of the evaluation strategy for a project that provided an opportunity for people with younger onset dementia to return to the workplace one day per week. Participants in the workplace project used photography to create a record of their experience of returning to the workplace. Based on the nature of the participant’s comments, photographs were grouped into four broad areas: impact of dementia, impact on family, the work experience and new friends. Issues related to the use of photography with people who have dementia are explored based on the experiences gained during this project.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2702.2010.03516.X
Abstract: Background. Tuberculosis is a major health problem internationally and brings with it a range of physical, economic and social consequences. There is a stigma associated with having tuberculosis because the disease is commonly viewed as a ‘dirty disease’. This stigma can have a negative impact on an in idual and may delay the person seeking treatment. Aims. The aim of this review was to explore the stigma and impact of having tuberculosis or having a family member with tuberculosis. Design. Literature review. Method. A comprehensive search of the electronic databases was undertaken. Inclusion criteria for the review were studies that investigated people with tuberculosis or their families, focused on the stigma or impact of tuberculosis and reported descriptions of the experience. Data were synthesised using a thematic analysis. Results. The literature search identified thirty studies. Three themes emerged from the synthesis: shame, isolation and fear. The shame related to tuberculosis being viewed as a bad disease, a dirty disease. Isolation involved both the withdrawal from social contact and the shunning of contact by other people. Fear was a consequence of the many difficulties that accompany tuberculosis. These factors operated at three levels, on the in idual level, the family level and the societal level. Conclusion. The stigma that accompanies tuberculosis can have a negative impact on the in idual and family and may result in their withdrawal from society because of shame and fear. The review highlights the need for education to provide practical strategies for in iduals and families and to educate communities where tuberculosis is endemic. Relevance to clinical practice. The review highlights the widespread ignorance of tuberculosis and need for education of the in idual, family and community. This education should provide practical strategies to help people cope with tuberculosis. It also suggests that ensuring confidentiality should be an important component of management strategies.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2021
No related grants have been discovered for David Evans.