ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5559-9714
Current Organisation
Torrens University Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Public Health and Health Services | Health Promotion | Sociological Methodology and Research Methods | Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology | Cultural Studies | Consumption And Everyday Life | Social and Cultural Anthropology | Social And Community Psychology | Health Policy | Community Child Health | Social Theory | Sociology Not Elsewhere Classified | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health | Health Promotion | Anthropology | Public Health And Health Services Not Elsewhere Classified | Preventive Medicine | Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified | Social And Cultural Anthropology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Nutrition | Social Structure and Health | Women's Health | Health Inequalities | Cultural Understanding not elsewhere classified | Preventive Medicine | Health education and promotion | Processed food products and beverages | Industry costs and structure | Behaviour and Health | Consumption patterns, population issues and the environment | Dental Health | Child Health | Health Education and Promotion | Nutrition | Social structure and health |
Related Links
Publications
Understanding the perceived logic of care by vaccine-hesitant and vaccine-refusing parents: A qualitative study in Australia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-10-2017
Modifying my self: A qualitative study exploring agency, structure and identity for women seeking publicly funded plastic surgery in Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-01-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14407833211068538
Abstract: Our sociological knowledge base about plastic surgery has been predominantly constructed in free market contexts, leaving uncertainties as to how sociological theory around agency, identity, and structure apply in the context of publicly funded plastic surgeries. We draw on narratives of Australian women while waiting for abdominoplasty in the public system and recounting their post-surgical realities to understand the relational, dependent and interdependent agency–structure networks in which women's bodies, affects, lives and eligibility requirements are enmeshed. We found women adopted a ‘deserving’ identity to help them claim and enact agency as they felt and navigated the layered structures that govern publicly funded abdominoplasty in Australia, and theorise how this might influence unfolding patterns of social life. We explicate the importance of locating women's lived experiences of medical (dys)function vis-à-vis the sociocultural histories of medicine, health, gender and citizenship that give rise to publicly funded healthcare.
Similarities in approach between big tobacco and big booze
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2010.381
Mental Health of Physicians During COVID-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-02-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.592058
Abstract: There have been numerous studies about the health implication of COVID-19 on patients, but little attention has been paid to the impacts of the pandemic on physicians. Our paper attends to this gap by exploring the mental health of physicians in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is particularly important since the mental health of physicians impacts not only on themselves, but also their professional performance and hence the care of patients. This study examined physicians' mental health outcomes by evaluating the prevalence and associated potential risk factors of anxiety and depression. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 114 physicians. Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure the anxiety and depression, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the potential risk factors related to anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 32.5 and 34.2%, respectively. Findings revealed that marital status, work per day and current job location were the main risk factors for anxiety while sex, age, and marital status were the main risk factors for depression. Our results highlight the need to implement policies and strategies for positively impacting the mental health of physicians during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Suicidal Ideation Among Adult Eritrean Refugees in Northern Ethiopia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-05-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2022.841848
Abstract: The present study assessed the prevalence of and factor associated with suicidal ideations among adult Eritrean refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 adult refugees living in the Mai-Aini refugee c in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia from September 2019 to May 2020. The response variable was suicidal ideation and was measured using World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. We applied bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine predictors for suicide ideations. Odds ratios and p -values were determined to check the associations between variables, and a p -value & .05 was considered as a cut-off for statistical significance. The prevalence of suicidal ideations was 20.5% (95% CI: 16.4%, 24.5%). Having previous history of trauma [ AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.5 ] , a history of chronic illness [ AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.5 ] , a family history of mental disorder [ AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.06 ] , and history of post-traumatic stress disorder [ AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 2.8, 11.5 ] were significantly associated with suicidal ideations. This study showed that during the stay in the refugee c , there was a high prevalence of suicide ideations compared to the prevalence of suicide ideations among the general populations of Ethiopia, Europe, and China, and the lifetime pooled prevalence across 17 countries. Having previous history of trauma, a history of chronic illness, a family history of mental disorder, and history of post-traumatic stress disorder were the factors statistically associated with the suicidal ideation.
Form and semantics of communication in dental encounters: oral health, probability and time
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-11-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-9566.2010.01268.X
Abstract: The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it introduces a new method for capturing the intricacy of communication in contemporary healthcare encounters. The method, termed 'form analysis', was developed from the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann. It is hoped that the paper will introduce form analysis as a new method to help understand complex communications in health systems. Second, the paper demonstrates an application of form analysis in communications in dental encounters. Data were collected through 36 observed encounters between five dentists and 20 patients in UK NHS primary and secondary care dental clinics. The study found a range of semantic forms relevant for these encounters, three of which are discussed at length in this article. The forms of communications illustrate how the dichotomy of dental professional and patient perspectives transforms into complex, non-linear observations about oral health. Dentistry, it seems, remains up to date not only through the emergence of new technologies, but also through reflexivity in observing and assessing oral health. These observations are exposed to the contingency of clinical decisions and the temporal aspects of the clinical system.
Going Viral: Researching Safely on Social Media (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 19-04-2021
Abstract: afety issues for researchers conducting and disseminating research on social media have been inadequately addressed in institutional policies and practice globally, despite posing significant challenges to research staff and student well-being. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and given the myriad of advantages that web-based platforms offer researchers over traditional recruitment, data collection, and research dissemination methods, developing a comprehensive understanding of and guidance on the safe and effective conduct of research in web-based spaces has never been more pertinent. In this paper, we share our experience of using social media to recruit participants for a study on abortion stigma in Australia, which brought into focus the personal, professional, and institutional risks associated with conducting web-based research that goes viral. The lead researcher (KV), a postgraduate student, experienced a barrage of harassment on and beyond social media. The supportive yet uncoordinated institutional response highlighted gaps in practice, guidance, and policy relating to social media research ethics, researcher safety and well-being, planning for and managing web-based and offline risk, and coordinated organizational responses to adverse events. We call for and provide suggestions to inform the development of training, guidelines, and policies that address practical and ethical aspects of using social media for research, mental and physical health and safety risks and management, and the development of coordinated and evidence-based institutional- and in idual-level responses to cyberbullying and harassment. Furthermore, we argue the case for the urgent development of this comprehensive guidance around researcher safety on the web, which would help to ensure that universities have the capacity to maximize the potential of social media for research while better supporting the well-being of their staff and students.
Retelling, Reliving, and Remembering: Using Narrative Inquiry Method to Explore the Lived Experience of Being Left Behind After Missing
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-04-2016
To trust or not to trust (in doctors)? That is the question
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-03-2018
Improving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 Treatment Targets
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-01-2020
Abstract: Ethiopia’s performance toward the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets is low. The present study explored interventions to improve delayed HIV care presentation (first 90), poor retention (second 90) and clinical and immunological failure (third 90). We employed a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with 10 HIV patients, nine health workers, 11 community advocates and five HIV program managers. Ethical approvals were obtained from Australia and Ethiopia. The following were suggested solutions to improve HIV care and treatment to meet the three 90s: (i) strengthening existing programs including collaboration with religious leaders (ii) implementing new programs such as self-HIV testing, house-to-house HIV testing, community antiretroviral therapy (ART) distribution and teach-test-treat-link strategy (iii) decentralizing and integrating services such as ART in health post and in private clinics, and integrating HIV care services with mental illness and other non-communicable diseases and (iv) filling gaps in legislation in issues related with HIV status disclosure and traditional healing practices. In conclusion, the study suggested important solutions for improving delayed HIV care presentation, attrition, and clinical and immunological failure. A program such as the teach-test-treat-link strategy was found to be a cross-cutting intervention to enhance the three 90s. We recommend further nationwide research before implementing the interventions.
Obtaining consumer perspectives using a Citizens' Jury: Does the current Country of Origin Labelling in Australia allow for informed food choices?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2016
Understanding the links between resilience and type-2 diabetes self-management: a qualitative study in South Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2017
Barriers to Accessing HIV Care Services in Host Low and Middle Income Countries: Views and Experiences of Indonesian Male Ex-Migrant Workers Living with HIV
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-11-2022
Abstract: Migrant populations are one of the vulnerable groups to HIV transmission and its consequences. They are also reported to experience delayed entry or linkage into HIV services and have poorer HIV-related health outcomes. This study aimed to understand barriers to accessing HIV care services in host countries among Indonesian, male, former (returned) migrant workers living with HIV. The study was carried out from December 2020 to February 2021. It utilised a qualitative design employing in-depth interviews to collect data from twenty-two returned migrant workers from Eastern Indonesia, recruited using the snowball s ling technique. A qualitative data analysis framework was used to guide a step-by-step analysis of the findings. Findings demonstrated that limited host-country language proficiency, lack of knowledge regarding healthcare systems in host countries and having ‘undocumented’ worker status were barriers to accessing HIV care services. Data also revealed the unavailability of HIV care services nearby migrants’ work locations, long-distance travel to healthcare facilities, and challenges in accessing public transportation as barriers that impeded their access to the services. Other factors limiting the participants’ access to HIV services were identified as the transient and mobile nature of migrant work requiring frequent relocation and disrupting work–life stability. Additionally, in lieu of formal HIV services, many participants self-medicated by using over-the-counter herbal or ‘traditional’ medicines, often because of peer or social group influence regarding the selection of informal treatment options. Recommendations arising from this study demonstrate the need to improve pre-departure information for migrant workers regarding the healthcare system and access procedures in potential host countries. Data from this study also indicate that social services should be available to assist potential migrants to access legal channels for migrant work overseas, to ensure that Indonesian migrants can safely access healthcare services in the countries for which they are providing migrant labour. Future studies to understand barriers to accessing HIV care services among various migrant groups living with HIV are warranted to build evidence for potential social policy change.
Improving male involvement in antenatal care in low and middle-income countries to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV: A realist review
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-10-2020
The Social Basis of Vaccine Questioning and Refusal: A Qualitative Study Employing Bourdieu’s Concepts of ‘Capitals’ and ‘Habitus’
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-05-2018
Predictors of re-participation in faecal occult blood test-based screening for colorectal cancer
Publisher: Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
Date: 31-12-2012
DOI: 10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.12.5989
Abstract: There is little information on longitudinal patterns of participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening or on demographic or behavioural factors associated with participation in re-screening. The lack of an agreed system for describing participatory behaviour over multiple rounds also h ers our ability to report, understand and make use of observed associations. Our aims were to develop a system for describing patterns of participatory behaviour in FOBT-based CRC screening programs and to identify factors associated with particular behavioural patterns. A descriptive framework was developed and applied to a data extract of screening invitation outcomes over two rounds of the NBCSP. The proportion of invitees in each behaviour category was determined and associations between behaviour patterns and demographic and program factors were identified using multivariate analyses. We considered Re- Participants, Dropouts, Late Entrants and Never Participants to be the most appropriate labels for the four possible observed participatory categories after two invitation rounds. The screening participation rate of the South Australian cohort of the NBCSP remained stable over two rounds at 51%, with second round Dropouts (10.3%) being balanced by Late Entrants (10.5%). Non-Participants comprised 38.7% of invitees. Relative to Re-Participants, Dropouts were older, more likely to be female, of lower SES, had changed their place of residence between offers had a positive test result in the first round. Late Entrants tended to be in the youngest age band. Specific demographic characteristics are associated with behavioural sub-groups defined by responses to 2 offers of CRC screening. Targeted group-specific strategies could reduce dropout behaviour or encourage those who declined the first invitation to participate in the second round. It will be important to keep first round participants engaged in order to maximise the benefit of a CRC screening program.
An association of serum ALT with elevated blood pressure in senior adults: a case-control study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-11-2016
DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1200608
Abstract: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in China hence, identifying good serum markers might provide cost benefits in terms of reducing morbidity rates. In this population-based case-control study, participants were recruited from five districts in Hunan province, and 416 cases were matched with an equal number of controls. Markers related to elevated blood pressure were assessed: Body Mass Index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and creatinine. Three potential serum markers homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were dichotomized as normal or high level. Binary logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The findings showed that ALT is a powerful serum marker for predicting high risk of high blood pressure with OR = 2.94, 95% CI (1.44-6.02), while there were no significant differences between cases and controls for HCY and CRP. Additionally, it seems likely that high concentrations of HCY conferred a protective effect against elevated blood pressure. When adjusted for sex, ORs for hypertensive females were nearly five times higher than for hypertensive males (OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 1.17-16.04). The study strongly supports findings showing ALT is a potential indicator for patients with hypertension.
Management of food incidents by Australian food regulators
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2016
Further challenges to medical dominance? The case of nurse and pharmacist supplementary prescribing
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-01-2011
Abstract: Doctors have traditionally been viewed as the dominant healthcare profession, with the authority to prescribe medicines, but recent non-medical prescribing initiatives have been viewed as possible challenges to such dominance. Using the ex le of the introduction of supplementary prescribing in the UK, this study sought to explore whether such initiatives represent a challenge to medical authority. Ten case study sites in England involving primary and secondary care and a range of clinical areas were used to undertake a total of 77 observations of supplementary prescribing consultations and interviews with 28 patients, 11 doctors and nurse and pharmacist prescribers at each site. Supplementary prescribing was viewed positively by all participants but several doctors and patients appeared to lack awareness and understanding of supplementary prescribing. Continued medical authority was supported empirically in five areas: patients’ and supplementary prescribers’ perception of doctors as being hierarchically superior doctors legitimation of nurses’ and pharmacists’ prescribing initially doctors’ belief that they could control (particularly nurses’) access to prescribing training supplementary prescribers’ frequent recourse to use doctors’ advice, coupled with doctors’ encouragement of such ‘knock on door’ prescribing advice policies doctors’ denigration of most routine prescribing but claims that diagnosis was more skilled and key to medicine. Supplementary prescribing appeared to be successfully accomplished in practice in a range of clinical settings and was acceptable to all involved but did not ultimately challenge medical dominance. However, more recent nurse and pharmacist independent prescribing (involving diagnosis) may represent a more significant threat.
The role of social media in communication about food risks; views of journalists, food regulators and the food industry
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 06-03-2017
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the views of journalists, food regulators and the food industry representatives on the impact of social media on communication about food risk. The authors identify how journalists/media actors use social media in identifying and creating news stories arguing that food regulators need to maintain a social media presence to ensure that accurate information about food safety is disseminated via social media. Data were collected through 105 semi-structured interviews. While food regulators and representatives of the food industry identify advantages of social media including two-way communication and speed of transmission of information, they maintain concerns about information provided via social media fearing the potential for loss of control of the information and sensationalism. There is evidence, however, that media actors use social media to identify food stories, to find sources, gauge public opinion and to provide a human interest angle. While there are commonalities between the three groups, concerns with social media reflect professional roles. Food regulators need to be aware of how media actors use social media and maintain a social media presence. Further, they need to monitor other sources to maintain consumer trust. This paper adds to public debate through comparing the perspectives of the three groups of respondents each that have their own agendas which impact how they interact with and use social media.
Consumerism and professional work in the community pharmacy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2002
Sober Curiosity: A Qualitative Study Exploring Women’s Preparedness to Reduce Alcohol by Social Class
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-11-2022
Abstract: Background: Urgent action is required to identify socially acceptable alcohol reduction options for heavy-drinking midlife Australian women. This study represents innovation in public health research to explore how current trends in popular wellness culture toward ‘sober curiosity’ (i.e., an interest in what reducing alcohol consumption would or could be like) and normalising non-drinking could increase women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol consumption. Methods: Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 27 midlife Australian women (aged 45–64) living in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney in different social class groups (working, middle and affluent-class) to explore their perceptions of sober curiosity. Results: Women were unequally distributed across social-classes and accordingly the social-class analysis considered proportionally the volume of data at particular codes. Regardless, social-class patterns in women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol consumption were generated through data analysis. Affluent women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol consumption stemmed from a desire for self-regulation and to retain control middle-class women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol was part of performing civility and respectability and working-class women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol was highly challenging. Options are provided for alcohol reduction targeting the social contexts of consumption (the things that lead midlife women to feel prepared to reduce drinking) according to levels of disadvantage. Conclusion: Our findings reinstate the importance of recognising social class in public health disease prevention validating that socially determined factors which shape daily living also shape health outcomes and this results in inequities for women in the lowest class positions to reduce alcohol and related risks.
‘I have a healthy relationship with alcohol’: Australian midlife women, alcohol consumption and social class
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2022
Abstract: Alcohol consumption by Australian women during midlife has been increasing. Health promotion efforts to reduce alcohol consumption in order to reduce alcohol-related disease risk compete with the social contexts and value of alcohol in women's lives. This paper draws on 50 qualitative interviews with midlife women (45-64 years of age) from different social classes living in South Australia in order to gain an understanding of how and why women might justify their relationships with alcohol. Social class shaped and characterized the different types of relationships with alcohol available to women, structuring their logic for consuming alcohol and their ability to consider reducing (or 'breaking up with') alcohol. We identified more agentic relationships with alcohol in the narratives of affluent women. We identified a tendency for less control over alcohol-related decisions in the narratives of women with less privileged life chances, suggesting greater challenges in changing drinking patterns. If classed differences are not attended to in health promotion efforts, this might mitigate the effectiveness of alcohol risk messaging to women.
Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-12-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12916-022-02639-Z
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
Criteria for Assessing the Appropriateness of Patient Counseling in Community Pharmacies
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2000
DOI: 10.1345/APH.19135
Abstract: To develop valid, reliable criteria for assessing the appropriateness of the management of common ailments and nonprescription drug therapy in community pharmacies in the UK. The criteria were developed by an expert panel using the nominal group technique. The validity of the criteria was tested by surveying a random s le of pharmacists who were asked to rate the importance of each criterion on a semantic differential scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). Subsequently, the reliability of the criteria was assessed: a random s le of pharmacists were each asked to apply the criteria to four vignettes of patient counseling on two separate occasions. All assessment criteria exceeded our predefined level of face, content, and consensual validity. In reliability testing, the overall assessment of appropriateness, along with five component assessment criteria, surpassed our predefined level of reliability. Three criteria, however, did not meet our predefined standard. These criteria were rational content of advice, rational product choice, and referral to another health professional. This represents the first systematic attempt to develop an instrument of general applicability for assessing the appropriateness of patient counseling and to subject it to rigorous validity and reliability testing. We suggest that further work is required to refine the criteria that did not meet reliability standards and to understand the decision-making processes underlying the assessment of vignettes of patient counseling.
What do Health Workers say About Rural Practice?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/23333936211054812
Abstract: Adequately staffed rural health services improve healthcare delivery and health outcomes, yet this is lacking in rural Ghana. We used a descriptive qualitative design to understand the contextual issues that affect rural practice, in the Upper East Region, Ghana. Sixty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers and analysed thematically. Four themes were identified: types of postings to rural settings, healthcare workers’ perceptions of their rural postings, perceived enablers and motivators for rural practice, and perceived challenges and barriers to rural practice. While adequate supervision and family proximity are needed to improve the feelings of loneliness, isolation and neglect in rural areas, challenges and barriers such as inadequate security, unstable electricity supply, language barrier, lack of equipment and transport/ambulance have been identified to have negative influence on healthcare workers. The findings highlight the need for healthcare managers to improve fairness and transparency in the posting and reshuffling processes of healthcare workers.
‘If your child’s vaccinated, why do you care about mine?’ Rhetoric, responsibility, power and vaccine rejection
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-12-2021
Abstract: The social responsibility logic underpinning vaccination is omnipresent in the rhetoric surrounding its acceptance and rejection. People who reject vaccination are constantly faced with arguments from the vaccinating mainstream to which they must respond. Understanding the conceptual world of vaccine rejection requires us to understand how vaccine sceptics construct answers to complaints that their choices endanger other people. This article analyses interviews with 29 vaccine-sceptical parents who are presented with claims that their choices are not just morally wrong, but dangerous to others. We argue that vaccine rejecters possess power because their decisions can result in the transmission of infectious diseases through their communities. However, they refuse to acknowledge this power because, through a variety of rationalisations, they do not accept the logic of community protection (herd immunity) and social responsibility. Strategies to prompt parents’ consideration of others can include breaking out of the ontologically in idualistic framing of the disagreement.
Reliability and validity of self-reported questionnaires related to adolescent violence and consequences, Thailand
Publisher: Redfame Publishing
Date: 31-05-2013
Peer-led HIV care and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets in Tigrai, Ethiopia: A cluster randomised trial and economic evaluation of teach-test-link-trace model (TTLT) trial protocol
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-043943
Abstract: This study will evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of a new intervention programme called teach-test-link-trace (TTLT) model in Tigrai, Ethiopia, where peer educators counsel about HIV ( teach ), perform house-to-house HIV testing ( test ) through pinprick HIV testing (H2H) or OraQuick HIV self-testing (HIVST), link HIV-positive patients to HIV care ( link ) and trace lost patients house-to-house ( trace ). The four-arm cluster randomised trial will be conducted in five phases: Phase 1 will assess the acceptability of the TTLT model using a cross-sectional survey among adults aged 18 years irrespective of HIV status in 6909 households from 40 villages (kebeles). Phase 2 will assess effectiveness of the TTLT model through comparing intervention and control groups among HIV negative or unknown HIV status. The intervention groups will receive one of the three home-based interventions provided by peer educators: (1) demonstrate and distribute OraQuick HIV self-testing kits (HIVST), (2) perform pinprick HIV testing (H2H) and (3) offer a choice to either receive HIVST or H2H. The control group will receive the standard care in which nurses counsel and refer eligible household members to nearby health facilities to access existing HIV testing services. The primary outcomes of the interventions are proportion of in iduals who know of their HIV status (first 90), link to HIV care and treatment (second 90) and meet virological suppression (third 90). We will perform process evaluation through qualitative interviews in phase 3 , economic evaluation for cost-effectiveness analysis in phase 4 and a sustainability exit strategy using nominal group technique in phase 5 . We will apply descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative studies, and thematic framework analysis for qualitative studies. Ethics approval was obtained from the Southern Adelaide Clinical Health Research Ethics Committee (SAC HREC), South Australia, and findings will be disseminated through publications, conference presentations, media release and policy briefs. ACTRN12620000570987p.
Medical tourism among Indonesians: a scoping review
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 19-10-2023
Niklas Luhmann: Social Systems Theory and the Translation of Public Health Research
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2015
Association of demographic, lifestyle factors and serum biomarkers with hypertension in elderly Chinese people
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-01-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X15001348
Abstract: Hypertension is a major cause of premature death in China. Understanding risk factors including behavioural and predisposing factors may help to prevent development of hypertension and control the extent of premature mortality. In this case-control design conducted in Hunan province, 416 hypertensive subjects were matched with an equal number of normotensive persons from nearly 9,000 volunteers. A self-report questionnaire was employed to collect demographic and lifestyle information, and fasting serum biomarkers related to lipid profile, renal function, glucose level and uric acid were assessed. When age and sex were stratified, serum biomarkers such as blood urea nitrogen and triglycerides showed a significant difference for hypertension, while lifestyle behaviours including university degree, alcohol use, Body Mass Index and psychological stress (job and married life) were also associated with hypertension. After adjusting for covariate confounding factors, only elevated triglyceride levels were strongly linked to high blood pressure, odds ratio = 1.55, 95 per cent confidence level = 1.16–2.06. To control high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia should be included in hypertension treatment and followed up to assess the substantial risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Exploring the relationship between victims and witnesses of aggression and anger expression in Thai adolescents
Publisher: National Inquiry Services Center (NISC)
Date: 13-04-2017
DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2016.1269772
Abstract: Young people who are victims of, or witnesses to, aggression are at increased risk of developing a psychological disorder and behaving aggressively themselves. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of exposure to aggression in a s le of 1 770 students, aged 15-26 years recruited from technical colleges in Thailand. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence rates for both experiencing aggression as a victim and for witnessing an aggressive incident. Logistic regression methods were then used to examine the possible association between acting aggressively and being a victim of, or a witness to, aggression. In the previous six months, over half of all students reported being yelled at and had witnessed friends being hit. Those students who reported 'being pushed' or 'being hit' themselves had higher levels of anger expression. Being an indirect victim and witnessing aggression were only weakly associated with anger expression. Adolescents in Thailand experience high rates of victimisation and commonly witness aggression. Being personally victimised was shown to be significantly related to a subsequent expression of anger, suggesting that interventions to prevent direct confrontation may help to reduce the likelihood of victims becoming perpetrators.
The influence of protective and risk factors in individual, peer and school domains on Thai adolescents' alcohol and illicit drug use: A survey
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.05.026
Abstract: This study investigates risk and protective factors for substance abuse in a s le of 1778 students attending technical colleges in Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces of Thailand using a self-report questionnaire modified from the Communities That Care youth survey. Low school commitment was strongly associated with illicit drug use, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.84 (glue sniffing) to 10.06 (ecstasy). Having friends using drugs, and friends with delinquent behaviors increased the risk of using alcohol and illegal drugs, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.84 and 6.72 respectively for marijuana use. For protective factors, approximately 40-60% of students with high levels of moral belief, participation in religious activities, and social skills were less likely to use alcohol. It is concluded that peer influence is a significant contributor to Thai adolescents' participation in substance abuse and that engaging in religiosity may assist adolescents to internalize negative aspects of harmful drugs into positive perceptions and encourage them to avoid alcohol and illegal drugs.
Vaccine Rejecting Parents’ Engagement With Expert Systems That Inform Vaccination Programs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11673-016-9756-7
Abstract: In attempting to provide protection to in iduals and communities, childhood immunization has benefits that far outweigh disease risks. However, some parents decide not to immunize their children with some or all vaccines for reasons including lack of trust in governments, health professionals, and vaccine manufacturers. This article employs a theoretical analysis of trust and distrust to explore how twenty-seven parents with a history of vaccine rejection in two Australian cities view the expert systems central to vaccination policy and practice. Our data show how perceptions of the profit motive generate distrust in the expert systems pertaining to vaccination. Our participants perceived that pharmaceutical companies had a pernicious influence over the systems driving vaccination: research, health professionals, and government. Accordingly, they saw vaccine recommendations in conflict with the interests of their child and "the system" underscored by malign intent, even if in idual representatives of this system were not equally tainted. This perspective was common to parents who declined all vaccines and those who accepted some. We regard the differences between these parents-and indeed the differences between vaccine decliners and those whose Western medical epistemology informs reflexive trust-as arising from the internalization of countering views, which facilitates nuance.
A sociology of the Covid-19 pandemic: A commentary and research agenda for sociologists
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-07-2020
Abstract: During the early part of 2020, there has been an abundance of critically important research on Covid-19 from medical, epidemiological and virological disciplines. There is now an urgent need for sociologists to engage theoretically and empirically on the social impact of issues related to Covid-19. As we have moved further into 2020, governments around the world have imposed different types of restrictions on social life, in order to quell the spread of Covid-19 and ‘flatten the curve’. These have included imposing various degrees of social isolation and restrictions on things like social gatherings, travel, sport and leisure activities, and going to work/school/university. This commentary explores the ways in which different branches of social theory can shed light on the implications of Covid-19 restrictions for social life ‘as we know it’. The broad fields of social theory in the commentary cover concepts such as risk, trust, fear, uncertainty and happiness. The process of developing the social theory driven research agenda contained within this commentary took a rather unusual route – it started by re-reading Jean-Paul Sartre’s ideas on existentialism, which led to me painting a visual sociology of Covid-19 (an image of my painting is provided), and ultimately to this piece.
The impact of a bullying awareness programme for primary school teachers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-10-2020
Critical consciousness development: a systematic review of empirical studies.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-01-2020
Abstract: Developing an understanding of the social and political basis of marginalization is an important educational task for health education guided by frameworks of social justice. With the intention of developing an evaluative framework for use in further research, the aim of this review article is to present a synthesized framework of critical consciousness development, developed from a systematic search and qualitative synthesis of empirical studies that have examined the processes by which in iduals come to critically reflect upon and act on oppressive social relations. A systematic search was conducted examining English-language literature produced between January 1970 and May 2017 within databases of PsycINFO, SCOPUS and ProQuest. A total of 20 articles were selected following a two-stage screening process and an assessment of methodological quality. Thematic analysis of findings from these texts produced a framework of critical consciousness development consisting of six qualitative processes and the relationships between them, including the priming of critical reflection, information creating disequilibrium, introspection, revising frames of reference, developing agency for change and acting against oppression. This synthesized framework of critical consciousness development is presented as a useful tool for assessing learning within critical pedagogies, albeit requiring some modification to suit specific cultural contexts and epistemologies.
Media actors' perceptions of their roles in reporting food incidents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2014
Reconnecting Australian consumers and producers: Identifying problems of distrust
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
The effects of housing on health and health risks in an aging population
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/289731
Abstract: Background . Over the last decade, Thailand has experienced an aging population, especially in rural areas. Research finds a strong, positive relationship between good quality housing and health, and this paper assesses the impact and living experience of housing of older people in rural Thailand. Methods . This was a mixed-method study, using data from observations of the physical adequacy of housing, semistructured interviews with key informants, and archival information from health records for 13 households in rural Thailand. Results . There were four main themes, each of which led to health risks for the older people: “lighting and unsafe wires,” “house design and composition,” “maintenance of the house,” and “health care equipment.” The housing was not appropriately designed to accommodate health care equipment or to fully support in idual daily activities of older people. Numerous accidents occurred as a direct result of inadequate housing and the majority of houses had insufficient and unsafe lighting, floor surfaces and furniture that created health risks, and toilets or beds that were at an unsuitable height for older people. Conclusion . This paper provides an improved and an important understanding of the housing situation among older people living in rural areas in Thailand.
Cancer,chronic conditions and social disadvantage: The perfect storm
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2016
Ectopic Pregnancy in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Prevalence, Management Outcomes, and Associated Factors
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 30-11-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/4443117
Abstract: Background. Ectopic pregnancy is a neglected and challenging gynecologic problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Objective. The present study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy, its management outcomes, and factors associated with management outcomes in Tigray, North Ethiopia. Methods. We employed a four-year retrospective cross-sectional study from September 2015 to August 2019. We extracted data about all pregnant mothers who were admitted and managed for EPs in Axum, Tigray. Ectopic pregnancy and its outcomes (favorable and unfavorable) were the dependent variables, and age, residence, ethnicity, religion, parity, history of abortion, history of EP, pelvic infections, history of surgical procedures, and use contraceptives were the independent variables. We employed descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using SPSS. Ethical clearance was obtained from Axum University, Tigray, Ethiopia. Results. The overall prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was 0.52% of total deliveries, which equates to 1 : 193 deliveries. Surgery for ectopic pregnancy accounts for 7.6% of all gynecological surgeries. Most participants were in the age group 26–30 years and lived in rural areas. Among the different EP implantation sites, most cases (92.4%) occurred in the fallopian tube, followed by 5.1% in the ovary and 2.5% in abdominal EPs. Surgical management (laparotomy) was undertaken for all the 79 women diagnosed with EPs, including laparotomy (100%), salpingo-oophorectomy (17.7%), salpingectomy (73.9%), oophorectomy (3.4%), cornual resection (2.5%), and removal of concepts tissue 2.5. The record reports that intraoperative procedure was correctly managed for 47 (59.5%) women but the condition of EP procedure was ruptured for about two-thirds (63.3%) of the women. Thirty (38%) patients had developed some complications after surgery including anemia ( hemoglobin 10.5 ) ( n = 12 ), fever ( n = 10 ), wound infection ( n = 2 ), and pneumonia ( n = 2 ). Women who were from urban ( AOR = 11.2 , 95% CI: 2.65-47.2) and who had normal hemoglobin at presentation ( AOR = 9.94 , 95% CI: 2.03-48.7) were associated with favorable maternal outcomes. Conclusions. More than one-third of women with ectopic pregnancies had an unfavorable maternal outcome, which was higher among rural residents and anemic mothers. Women living in rural areas and anemia during pregnancy should seek special attention in the management of EPs. We also recommend improving the data management of hospitals in Ethiopia.
Interactive effect of dietary calcium and phytase on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 3. Serum calcium and phosphorus, and bone mineralization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
How can we increase children’s understanding of the social determinants of health? Why charitable drives in schools reinforce individualism, responsibilisation and inequity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-07-2014
Stakeholders’ views of UK nurse and pharmacist supplementary prescribing
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1258/JHSRP.2008.008004
Abstract: Supplementary prescribing (SP) by pharmacists and nurses in the UK represents a unique approach to improving patients’ access to medicines and better utilizing health care professionals’ skills. Study aims were to explore the views of stakeholders involved in SP policy, training and practice, focusing upon issues such as SP benefits, facilitators, challenges, safety and costs, thereby informing future practice and policy. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 purposively s led UK stakeholders, including pharmacist and nurse supplementary prescribers, doctors, patient groups representatives, academics and policy developers. Analysis of transcribed interviews was undertaken using a process of constant comparison and framework analysis, with coding of emergent themes. Stakeholders generally viewed SP positively and perceived benefits in terms of improved access to medicines and fewer delays, along with a range of facilitators and barriers to the implementation of this form of non-medical prescribing. Stakeholders’ views on the economic impact of SP varied, but safety concerns were not considered significant. Future challenges and implications for policy included SP being potentially superseded by independent nurse and pharmacist prescribing, and the need to improve awareness of SP. Several potential tensions emerged including nurses’ versus pharmacists’ existing skills and training needs, supplementary versus independent prescribing, SP theory versus practice and prescribers versus non-prescribing peers. SP appeared to be broadly welcomed by stakeholders and was perceived to offer patient benefits. Several years after its introduction in the UK, stakeholders still perceived several implementation barriers and challenges and these, together with various tensions identified, might affect the success of supplementary and other forms of non-medical prescribing.
Place of alcohol in the ‘wellness toolkits’ of midlife women in different social classes: A qualitative study in South Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2022
Abstract: In this article, we explore how women in different social classes had differential access to resources and services to enhance their ‘wellness’—resulting in classed roles in alcohol consumption. We analyse data from a qualitative study on alcohol by midlife women in South Australia and employ the analogy of a ‘toolkit’ in order to understand the structural patterning of ‘wellness tools’. Bourdieu's relational model of class guides our exploration of women's inequitable opportunities for wellness. Higher social class women had ‘choices’ facilitated by bulging wellness toolkits, such as yoga, exercise and healthy eating regimens—alcohol consumption was not essential to promoting ‘wellness’ and did not have an important place in their toolkits. Middle‐class women had less well‐stocked toolkits and consumed alcohol in a ‘compensation approach’ with other wellness tools. Alcohol consumption received positive recognition and was a legitimised form of enjoyment, fun and socialising, which needed counterbalancing with healthy activities. Working‐class women had sparse toolkits—other than alcohol—which was a tool for dealing with life's difficulties. Their focus was less on ‘promoting wellness’ and more on ‘managing challenging circumstances’. Our social class‐based analysis is nestled within the sociology of consumption and sociological critiques of the wellness industry.
Expectations and everyday opportunities for building trust in the food system
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 28-09-2021
Abstract: Consumers’ trust in food systems is essential to their functioning and to consumers’ well-being. However, the literature exploring how food safety incidents impact consumer trust is theoretically underdeveloped. This study explores the relationship between consumers’ expectations of the food system and its actors (regulators, food industry and the media) and how these influence trust-related judgements that consumers make during a food safety incident. In this study, two groups of purposefully s led Australian participants ( n = 15) spent one day engaged in qualitative public deliberation to discuss unfolding food incident scenarios. Group discussion was audio recorded and transcribed for the analysis. Facilitated group discussion included participants' expected behaviour in response to the scenario and their perceptions of actors' actions described within the scenario, particularly their trust responses (an increase, decrease or no change in their trust in the food system) and justification for these. The findings of the study indicated that food incident features and unique consumer characteristics, particularly their expectations of the food system, interacted to form each participant's in idual trust response to the scenario. Consumer expectations were delineated into “fundamental” and “anticipatory” expectations. Whether fundamental and anticipatory expectations were in alignment was central to the trust response. Experiences with the food system and its actors during business as usual contributed to forming anticipatory expectations. To ensure that food incidents do not undermine consumer trust in food systems, food system actors must not only demonstrate competent management of the incident but also prioritise trustworthiness during business as usual to ensure that anticipatory expectations held by consumers are positive.
Epigenetic loss of RNA-methyltransferase NSUN5 in glioma targets ribosomes to drive a stress adaptive translational program
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2016
Impact of strategic use of antiretroviral therapy intervention to the HIV continuum of care in 13 cities in Indonesia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12981-021-00340-4
Abstract: In 2013 the Indonesian government introduced the strategic use of antiretroviral therapy (SUFA) initiative of expanding access to HIV test and treatment, to help achieve the UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets. However, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the impact of this intervention in Indonesia. We conducted an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis across 6-years to assess its immediate and medium-term impact. Monthly aggregated HIV data from all HIV care clinics for persons aged ≥ 15 years were collected from 13 pilot cities. The data period encompassed 3-years prior to SUFA (26 Dec 2010–25 Dec 2013) and 3-years post-SUFA (26 Dec 2013–25 Dec 2016). The ITS was performed using a multilevel negative binomial regression model to assess the immediate and trend changes in each stage of the HIV continuum of care. In the pre-SUFA period, the overall coverage in the respective risk populations for HIV tests, cases, enrolments, eligible cases and ARV initiation were 1.0%, 8.6%, 98.9%, 76.9% and 75.8% respectively. In the post-SUFA period coverage was 3%, 3.8%, 98.6%, 90.3% and 81.2% respectively—with a significant increase in the median number of HIV tests, HIV cases, those eligible for ARV treatment and treatment initiation (p 0.05 for each). The ITS analysis demonstrated immediate increases in HIV tests (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.25, 1.59 p 0.001) and an immediate decrease in detected HIV cases per person tested (IRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.69–0.86 p 0.001) in the month following commencement of SUFA. There was also a 3% decline in the monthly trend for HIV tests performed (IRR = 0.97 95% CI 0.97–0.98, p 0.001), a 1% increase for detected cases (IRR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.0–1.02, p 0.001), and a 1% decline for treatment initiation (IRR = 0.99,95% CI 0.99–1.0 p 0.05). SUFA was associated with an immediate and sustained increase in the absolute number of HIV tests performed, detected HIV cases, and close to complete coverage of detected cases that were enrolled to care and defined as eligible for treatment. However, treatment initiation remained sub-optimal. The findings of this study provide valuable information on the real-world effect of accelerating ARV utilizing Treatment as Prevention for the full HIV continuum of care in limited resource countries.
'We shed tears, but there is no one there to wipe them up for us'
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2006
Abstract: This article reports on a qualitative study in a materially deprived locality in northern England, which originally aimed to explore local residents’ views of proposed changes to local health care provision. However, participants also quickly moved the research agenda onto widespread discussions of (mis)trust. Unlike much sociological literature that defines trust as operating on two levels (inter-personal and system-based), their narratives of trust were constructed on several inter-connected levels. We explore mistrust in local general practitioners (GPs) as a factor of mistrust of a number of local and national organizations and social systems, rather than solely related to the medical system. Widespread mistrust of ‘authority’ was narrated through a shared history of disinvestment and loss of services in the locality and ‘broken promises’ by a range of institutions, which precipitated feelings of social exclusion and disembeddedness
Influence of meat and bone meal, phytase, and antibiotics on broiler chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 2. intestinal permeability, organ weights, hematology, intestinal morpholo
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Editorial: Stigma and HIV Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-04-2022
Complex problems require complex solutions: the utility of social quality theory for addressing the Social Determinants of Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2011
Development and validation of prediabetes risk score for predicting prediabetes among Indonesian adults in primary care: Cross-sectional diagnostic study
Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
Date: 06-2017
How might diabetes organisations address diabetes‐related stigma? Findings from a deliberative democratic case study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-12-2022
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13398
Abstract: This study sought to identify how diabetes organisations conceptualize the problem of diabetes‐related stigma and how this shapes the selection of stigma‐reduction interventions. A qualitative deliberative democratic methodology was used to access an informed dialogue about what should be done by diabetes organisations to address diabetes‐related stigma, drawing from the perspectives of board members, healthcare services staff, and communications and marketing staff from a single state‐wide diabetes organisation in Australia ( n = 25). Participants navigated the stigma concept along two axes: one that drew attention to either disease attributes or personal moral attributes as the object of stigmatisation, and one that positioned stigma as an in idual or structural problem. This shaped the selection of stigma‐reduction interventions, which included interventions to: (i) reduce the prevalence of stigmatized attributes, (ii) correct misunderstandings about diabetes, (iii) modify representations of persons with diabetes, (iii) enhance coping amongst persons with diabetes and (iv) make healthcare more person‐centred and democratic. This study identified several grievances with ‘diabetes‐related stigma’, which are grievances that can be conceptualized and addressed at both in idual and structural levels, and involve correcting misinformation about diabetes or challenging and communicating alternative representations of persons living with diabetes. The organisation's management and board were consulted throughout all stages of research development, analysis and reporting. The information and vignettes presented to participants drew from illness narratives obtained from earlier research involving adults with type 2 diabetes. Research participants included adults with various diabetes types.
HIV Stigma and Moral Judgement: Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences of HIV Stigma and Discrimination among Married Men Living with HIV in Yogyakarta
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-01-2020
Abstract: It is well acknowledged that human immunodeficiency virus stigma (HIV stigma) challenges people living with HIV globally. There is a scarcity of information about determinants of HIV stigma and discrimination among married men in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to explore factors that contribute to stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive men married to women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from participants using a snowball s ling technique. A framework analysis was used to guide the analysis of the data. HIV stigma framework was also applied in the conceptualisation and the discussion of the findings. The findings indicate that participants experienced external stigma within healthcare facilities, communities and families. This external stigma was expressed in various discriminatory attitudes and behaviours by healthcare professionals and community and family members. Similarly, participants experienced anticipated stigma as a result of HIV stigma and discrimination experienced by other people living with HIV. In idual moral judgement associating HIV status with amoral behaviours and participants’ negative self-judgement were determinants of perceived stigma. The current findings indicate the need for training programs about HIV stigma issues for healthcare professionals. There is also a need to disseminate HIV information and to improve HIV stigma knowledge among families and communities.
Interprofessional learning, impression management, and spontaneity in the acute healthcare setting
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-06-2016
DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2016.1198310
Abstract: Spontaneous learning is integral to definitions of interprofessional learning (IPL) because it has been suggested that spontaneous learning can be deeply connected with the work that people do in collaboration with colleagues via their professional networks. However, its nature and the processes involved are not well understood. Goffman's theory of impression management offers a useful theoretical framework to consider the way in which interaction in the workplace connects to spontaneous learning. This article explores the current literature to investigate the usefulness of this framework to better understand and identify spontaneous learning in the workplace. Aspects such as the connections between spontaneous learning occurring in formal and informal work activities, the spaces in which it occurs, and the influence of professional networking are considered. It is proposed that research directed to developing a better understanding of the nature of spontaneous learning in IPL will assist in connecting this learning to formal IPL curricula, enhancing IPL and patient outcomes.
Six-months follow-up of a cluster randomized trial of school-based smoking prevention education programs in Aceh, Indonesia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-10-2015
Marketing foods to children through product packaging: prolific, unhealthy and misleading.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-05-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012001231
Abstract: To investigate marketing techniques used on the packaging of child-oriented products sold through supermarkets. Food and beverage products which met criteria for ‘marketed to children’ were recorded as child-oriented. The products were analysed for food categories, nutritional value, and type and extent of marketing techniques used. A major supermarket chain in Adelaide, South Australia. Child-oriented food and beverage products. One hundred and fifty-seven discrete products were marketed to children via product packaging most (75·2 %) represented non-core foods, being high in fat or sugar. Many marketing techniques (more than sixteen unique marketing techniques) were used to promote child-oriented food products. Claims about health and nutrition were found on 55·5 % of non-core foods. A median of 6·43 marketing techniques per product was found. The high volume and power of marketing non-core foods to children via product packaging in supermarkets should be of concern to policy makers wanting to improve children's diet for their health and to tackle childhood obesity. Claims about health or nutrition on non-core foods deserve urgent attention owing to their potential to mislead and confuse child and adult consumers.
How food regulators communicate with consumers about food safety
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 03-08-2015
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to report how food regulators communicate with consumers about food safety and how they believe consumers understand their role in relation to food safety. The implications of this on the role of food regulators are considered. – In total, 42 food regulators from Australia, New Zealand and the UK participated in a semi-structured interview about their response to food incidents and issues of food regulation more generally. Data were analysed thematically. – Food regulators have a key role in communicating information to consumers about food safety and food incidents. This is done in two main ways: proactive and reactive communication. The majority of regulators said that consumers do not have a good understanding of what food regulation involves and there were varied views on whether or not this is important. – Both reactive and proactive communication with consumers are important, however there are clear benefits in food regulators communicating proactively with consumers, including a greater understanding of the regulators’ role. Regulators should be supported to communicate proactively where possible. – There is a lack of information about how food regulators communicate with consumers about food safety and how food regulators perceive consumers to understand food regulation. It is this gap that forms the basis of this paper.
Alcohol and breast cancer risk: Middle-aged women's logic and recommendations for reducing consumption in Australia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-02-2019
Trust as a Determinant Factor for Condom Use among Female Sex Workers in Bali, Indonesia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/TROPICALMED5030131
Abstract: Female sex workers (FSWs) decision to use or not to use condoms depends on several issues, including the decision to trust their client or not, a matter given little attention in previous research. This paper explores the role of trust in consistent condom use among FSWs. We used a cross-sectional survey among FSWs in Bali, Indonesia. The outcome variable for this study was condom use, and independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, social capital dimensions and HIV prevention practices. In total, 406 FSWs participated in the study. Of these, 48% of FSWs used condoms consistently with paying clients over the last month. The following FSWs were less likely to consistently use condoms with clients: FSWs who did not trust that their peer FSWs will use condoms (AOR = 9.3, 95% CI, 3.3–26.2), FSWs who did not feel valued by the people at their location (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4–11.6), FSWs who did not graduate from primary or never went to school (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.03–5.6), and FSWs who have worked more than five years as FSWs (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI, 1.2–29.2). Our results highlight higher rates of inconsistent condom use related to lower trust and feelings of being valued between FSWs, identifying areas for policy and practice attention.
Developing prevalence-based prescribing units for analysing variations in general practitioner prescribing
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2710.2003.00451.X
Abstract: To develop regionally specific prevalence-, age- and sex-standardized prescribing units (PASS-PUs) and to relate these to statin prescribing. Cross-sectional. Ninety-four general practitioner (GP) practices within one health authority in the north-west of England. Comparisons between specific therapeutic group age-sex-related prescribing units (STAR-PUs) and PASS-PUs for statin prescribing. STAR-PUs and PASS-PUs were calculated for all GP practices and there was a high degree of correlation (Spearman's rank coefficient 0.88 P < 0.001). Using actual prescribing data for statins for a 12-month period, a statistically significant correlation was found between net ingredient cost per patient and STAR-PUs per patient (Spearman's rank coefficient 0.36 P < 0.01). However, the correlation between average daily quantities per patient and PASS-PUs per patient was not statistically significant. A scatter plot revealed a pattern whereby GP practices with high proportions of patients aged over 75 years exhibited low statin prescribing in relation to the expected prevalence of treated coronary heart disease (CHD) in their patient population. Low weightings for patients aged over 75 years in calculating STAR-PUs lead to a much lower number of prescribing units within GP practice populations when compared with PASS-PUs. Current statin prescribing across GP practices in this study correlates with national prescribing cost patterns (as measured by STAR-PUs) although not with expected prevalence of treated CHD (as measured by PASS-PUs). PASS-PUs reflect prevalence of treated CHD and may therefore be used to monitor and predict GP prescribing arising from the implementation of the National Service Framework targets for CHD. In addition, PASS-PUs maybe derived for a wide range of therapeutic areas.
Predictors of lost to follow up from antiretroviral therapy among adults in sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40249-021-00822-7
Abstract: It is known that ‘drop out’ from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, the so called lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) occurs to persons enrolled in HIV care services. However, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the risk factors for the LTFU are not well understood. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for LTFU among adults living with HIV in SSA. A systematic search of literature using identified keywords and index terms was conducted across five databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included quantitative studies published in English from 2002 to 2019. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for methodological validity assessment and data extraction. Mantel Haenszel method using Revman-5 software was used for meta-analysis. We demonstrated the meta-analytic measure of association using pooled odds ratio ( OR ), 95% confidence interval ( CI ) and heterogeneity using I 2 tests. Thirty studies met the search criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Predictors of LTFU were: demographic factors including being: (i) a male ( OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, I 2 = 59%), (ii) between 15 and 35 years old ( OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, I 2 = 0%), (iii) unmarried ( OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.2–1.3, I 2 = 21%), (iv) a rural dweller ( OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.5–2.7, I 2 = 40%), (v) unemployed ( OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.04–1.4, I 2 = 58%) (vi) diagnosed with behavioral factors including illegal drug use( OR = 13.5, 95% CI 7.2–25.5, I 2 = 60%), alcohol drinking ( OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.9–4.4, I 2 = 39%), and tobacco smoking ( OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.3, I 2 = 74%) and clinical diagnosis of mental illness ( OR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.2–5.2, I 2 = 1%), bed ridden or ambulatory functional status ( OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.1, I 2 = 74%), low CD4 count in the last visit ( OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.9, I 2 = 75%), tuberculosis co-infection ( OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.02–1.4, I 2 = 66%) and a history of opportunistic infections ( OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.7–2.8, I 2 = 75%). The current review identifies demographic, behavioral and clinical factors to be determinants of LTFU. We recommend strengthening of HIV care services in SSA targeting the aforementioned group of patients. Trial registration Protocol: the PROSPERO Registration Number is CRD42018114418
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Repatriated Indonesian Migrant Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-05-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.630295
Abstract: Introduction: Repatriated Indonesian migrant workers are vulnerable to developing serious mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among these populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Guided by the health belief model, a cross-sectional study design was employed among 335 participants, and primary data were collected through an online survey. Measured using DASS-21, anxiety, depression, and stress were the dependent variables. We performed descriptive and inferential statistical analyses—logistic regression was used to predict independently associated variables. STATA was used to execute all data analyses. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among repatriated Indonesian migrant workers were 10.15, 9.25, and 2.39%, respectively. The risk of anxiety and depression was low among those aged 21–30 years old, who had completed a university degree, were married, and had quarantined for 14 days. Conversely, the risk of anxiety and depression was high among those who had bad perceived health status, high perceived susceptibility, and negative stigma perception. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among repatriated Indonesian migrant workers was relatively low compared to the general population. The risk of anxiety and depression was low among young people, educated people, and those under effective quarantine, but the risk was high among those who had negative perceptions about their health, stigma, and susceptibility to the disease.
Trust in the Australian food supply: Innocent until proven guilty
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2012
Interpersonal Trust across Six Asia-Pacific Countries: Testing and Extending the ‘High Trust Society’ and ‘Low Trust Society’ Theory
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-04-2014
Poster Sessions
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2008
Evaluating the use of citizens' juries in food policy: A case study of food regulation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-06-2013
Abstract: Deliberative engagement techniques and citizens’ juries are touted as means of incorporating the public into policy decision-making, managing community expectations and increasing commitment to public health policy. This paper reports a study to examine the feasibility of citizens’ juries as a means of collecting data to inform public health policy related to food regulation through evaluation of the conduct of a citizens’ jury. A citizens’ jury was conducted with a representative s le of 17 South Australians to explore their willingness to consider the proposition that food and drink advertising and/or sponsorship should be banned at children’s sporting events. The results showed that, in relation to the central proposition and evaluation data from the jury, opinion on the proposition remained comparatively stable. Most jurors indicated that they thought that food and drink sponsorship and/or advertising at children’s sporting events would have little or no effect on altering children’s diet and eating habits, with the proportion increasing during the jury process. Jurors were given evaluation sheets about the content of the jury and the process of the citizens’ jury to complete at the end of the session. The evaluation of the citizens’ jury process revealed positive perceptions. The majority of jurors agreed that their knowledge of the issues of food and drink sponsorship in children’s sport had increased as a result of participation in the citizens’ jury. The majority also viewed the decision-making process as fair and felt that their views were listened to. One important response in the evaluation was that all jurors indicated that, if given the opportunity, they would participate in another citizens’ jury. The findings suggest that the citizens’ jury increased participant knowledge of the issue and facilitated reflective discussion of the proposition. Citizens’ juries are an effective means of gaining insight into public views of policy and the circumstances under which the public will consider food regulation however a number of issues need to be considered to ensure the successful conduct of a citizens’ jury.
Cross-country comparison of strategies for building consumer trust in food
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-04-2019
Abstract: Consumer trust in the modern food system is essential given its complexity. Contexts vary across countries with regard to food incidents, regulation and systems. It is therefore of interest to compare how key actors in different countries might approach (re)building consumer trust in the food system and particularly relevant to understanding how food systems in different regions might learn from one another. The purpose of this paper is to explore differences between strategies for (re)building trust in food systems, as identified in two separate empirical studies, one conducted in Australia, New Zealand and the UK (Study 1) and another on the Island of Ireland (Study 2). Interviews were conducted with media, food industry and food regulatory actors across the two studies (n = 105 Study 1 n = 50 Study 2). Data were coded into strategy statements, strategies describing actions to (re)build consumer trust. Strategy statements were compared between Studies 1 and 2 and similarities and differences were noted. The strategy statements identified in Study 1 to (re)build consumer trust in the food system were shown to be applicable in Study 2, however, there were notable differences in the contextual factors that shaped the means by which strategies were implemented. As such, the transfer of such approaches across regions is not an appropriate means to addressing breaches in consumer trust. Notwithstanding, our data suggest that there is still capacity to learn between countries when considering strategies for (re)building trust in the food system but caution must be exercised in the transfer of approaches.
The Relationship Between Exposure to Violence and Anger in Thai Adolescents
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-03-2015
Abstract: Youth violence is a serious public health problem in Thailand, and yet is poorly understood and is thought to vary considerably between metropolitan and rural areas. This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study involving 1,170 technical college students who completed self-report questionnaires assessing the frequency of violent acts, antisocial behavior, and angry emotion. There were no differences in self-reported violent activities between metropolitan and rural participants, but those attending colleges in the metropolitan areas reported more acts involving weapons. Scores on the measure of anger expression predicted physical and verbal assault, specifically punching and name calling, suggesting that the implementation of interventions which help students to improve control over anger may be a useful violence prevention approach.
Stigmatized for standing up for my child: A qualitative study of non-vaccinating parents in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Understanding social and environmental factors and their contribution mechanisms to HIV transmission among heterosexual men in Indonesia
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 16-03-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.15.22272326
Abstract: The number of HIV infection among heterosexual men in Indonesia continues to increase. This paper describes social and environmental factors and the mechanisms through which these factors may have contributed to the transmission of HIV among men in Indonesia. A qualitative design using one-on-one and face-to-face in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from men living with HIV in Yogyakarta and Belu, from June to December 2019. Participants (n=40) were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. The logical model for socio-environmental determinants diagnosis was used to conceptualise the study and discuss the findings. The findings showed that social factors such as peer influence on sex, condom use and injecting drug use were contributing factors for HIV transmission among the participants. Other factors and drivers of HIV transmission included mobility, migration, and the environment the participants lived, worked and interacted, which facilitated their engagement in high-risk behaviours. The findings indicate the need for wide dissemination of information and education about HIV and condoms for men, within communities and migration areas in Indonesia and other similar settings globally in order to increase their understanding of the means of HIV transmission, and condom use for HIV prevention.
Parenting and the vaccine refusal process: A new explanation of the relationship between lifestyle and vaccination trajectories
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Perceived Social Norms as Determinants of Adherence to Public Health Measures Related to COVID-19 in Bali, Indonesia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-04-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.646764
Abstract: Introduction: Before the widespread availability of an effective COVID-19 vaccine, it is crucial to control the rate of transmission by ensuring adherence to behavioral modifications, such as wearing masks, physical distancing, and washing hands, all of which can be implemented as public health measures. Focusing on the conditions in Bali, this study explored the level of compliance to public health measures targeted at COVID-19 and identified the determinants of compliance via the values, rules, and knowledge approach. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted an online survey using the Google Form application from June 29 to July 5, 2020. The minimum required s le size was 664. Inclusion criteria were set as follows: 18 years of age or older and residing in Bali during the data collection period. Adherence was measured based on nine protocol indicators that were rated using a four-point Likert scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was then conducted to determine the associated factors of adherence to public health measures. Results: Of the 954 survey respondents, data from 743 were included for analysis. The average level of adherence to public health measures was 32.59 (range of 20–36). The linear regression analysis showed that perceived health benefits from public health measures, being female, and having COVID-19 test histories were significantly associated with adherence to public health measures. Conclusions: For public health measures targeted at COVID-19, adherence was strongly associated with perceived social norms, in which in iduals played social community roles by adapting to standardized public health measures. It is thus imperative for governments to support and monitor public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The role of the media in construction and presentation of food risks
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-10-2014
Late presentation for HIV care in Southwest Ethiopia in 2003-2015: Prevalence, trend, outcomes and risk factors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-01-2018
The Impact of Peer Educators or Community Health Workers on the Progress of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 Targets in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-04-2021
Abstract: Background: Africa is far behind from achieving the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets. Evidence shows that the participation of HIV patients as peer educators and other community health workers is substantially improving the entire HIV care continuum and subsequently the UNAIDS targets. This review aims to provide the best available evidence on the impact of peer educators and/or community health workers for the three targets in Africa. Methods: We will include cohort and experimental studies published in English between 2003 and 2020. Studies which reported interventions for HIV diagnosis, initiation of ART, or virological suppression will be included for review. Three steps searching will be conducted: (i) initial search across Google Scholar, (ii) full search strategy across five databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science, and (iii) screening titles and abstracts. Data will be extracted using standardized instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) and analyzed through narrative synthesis, and meta-analyses and regression. Heterogeneity among quantitative studies will be assessed using Cochran Q test and Higgins I2. Ethics: A formal ethical approval will not be required as primary data will not be collected.
Trust, Reflexivity and Dependence
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Date: 2006
Perceived barriers to participating in continuing education
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2000
DOI: 10.1111/J.2042-7174.2000.TB01008.X
Abstract: The main aim of this study was to explore newly registered community pharmacists' attitudes to the current provision of continuing education (CE) and to identify key factors that act as motivators and barriers to participation in CE. Eight focus groups of newly registered pharmacists were set up. All focus groups were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The results presented in this paper focus specifically on the barriers to participation in CE. Four geographical areas of England. The main barrier identified by the pharmacists was competing demands on their time, both in and out of work. Participants felt disillusioned with further study, describing this stage of their lives as a “honeymoon period” in which they sought to make adjustments in both their professional and personal lives. They also felt disillusioned with the reality of community pharmacy and offered this as an explanation for their lack of involvement in CE. In addition, many pharmacists believed themselves to be at the peak of their pharmaceutical knowledge, thus not requiring CE. Rather, it was felt that they needed to develop their skills in other areas such as communication skills or applying pharmaceutical knowledge in practice. It was suggested that this could only be remedied through working with and learning from more experienced pharmacists, rather than undertaking formal CE activities. Non-participation in CE may be seen to result from a complex web of factors which do not easily map on to policies to increase participation of newly registered pharmacists in CE activities. Nevertheless, if newly registered community pharmacists are to achieve the continuity of learning necessary for continuing professional development, education providers will need to address their specific learning needs in the period following registration.
HIV among immigrants living in high-income countries: a realist review of evidence to guide targeted approaches to behavioural HIV prevention
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2012
Nurse and pharmacist supplementary prescribing in the UK—A thematic review of the literature
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPOL.2007.07.016
Abstract: Supplementary prescribing (SP) represents a recent development in non-medical prescribing in the UK, involving a tripartite agreement between independent medical prescriber, dependent prescriber and patient, enabling the dependent prescriber to prescribe in accordance with a patient-specific clinical management plan (CMP). The aim in this paper is to review, thematically, the literature on nurse and pharmacist SP, to inform further research, policy and education. A review of the nursing and pharmacy SP literature from 1997 to 2007 was undertaken using searches of electronic databases, grey literature and journal hand searches. Nurses and pharmacists were positive about SP but the medical profession were more critical and lacked awareness/understanding, according to the identified literature. SP was identified in many clinical settings but implementation barriers emerged from the empirical and anecdotal literature, including funding problems, delays in practicing and obtaining prescription pads, encumbering clinical management plans and access to records. Empirical studies were often methodological weaknesses and under-evaluation of safety, economic analysis and patients' experiences were identified in empirical studies. There was a perception that nurse and pharmacist independent prescribing may supersede supplementary prescribing. There is a need for additional research regarding SP and despite nurses' and pharmacists' enthusiasm, implementation issues, medical apathy and independent prescribing potentially undermine the success of SP.
Newcomers in a hazardous environment: A qualitative inquiry into sex worker vulnerability to HIV in Bali, Indonesia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2014
Fat as Productive: Enactments of Fat in an Australian Suburb
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-03-2017
DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2018.1423563
Abstract: By foregrounding positive and productive capacities of fat, we explore experiences of expanding, maintaining, or diminishing body sizes to accommodate the different meanings and enactments of fat. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in a South Australian community that has experienced significant socioeconomic disadvantage, we detail how the "problem" of fat in public health discourse is countered in the lived experience of people targeted for obesity intervention. In so doing, we attend to the multiple meanings and practices of fat that differ to the focus within public health interventions on the negative health consequences of overweight and obesity.
Canadians’ trust in government in a time of crisis: Does it matter?
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-09-2023
Examining social class as it relates to heuristics women use to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding the link between alcohol and breast cancer risk
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-09-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0270936
Abstract: High rates of alcohol consumption by midlife women, despite the documented risks associated with breast cancer, varies according to social class. However, we know little about how to develop equitable messaging regarding breast cancer prevention that takes into consideration class differences in the receipt and use of such information. To explore the heuristics used by women with different (inequitable) life chances to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding alcohol as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer risk. Interviews were conducted with 50 midlife (aged 45–64) women living in South Australia, ersified by self-reported alcohol consumption and social class. Women were asked to describe where they sought health information, how they accessed information specific to breast cancer risk as it relates to alcohol, and how they determined whether (or not) such information was trustworthy. De-identified transcripts were analysed following a three-step progressive method with the aim of identifying how women of varying life chances determine the trustworthiness of alcohol and breast cancer risk information. Three heuristics were used by women: (1) consideration of whose interests are being served (2) engagement with ‘common sense’ and (3) evaluating the credibility of the message and messenger. Embedded within each heuristic are notable class-based distinctions. More equitable provision of cancer prevention messaging might consider how social class shapes the reception and acceptance of risk information. Class should be considered in the development and tailoring of messages as the trustworthiness of organizations behind public health messaging cannot be assumed.
Response to Bell, K., The breast-cancer-ization of cancer survivorship: Implications for experiences of the disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2014.10.017
Abstract: While there are multiple reasons for the prominence of breast cancer survivorship experience including high incidence, high numbers of cancer survivors and success of breast cancer treatments which may give the impression of the superior standing of breast cancer in the "hierarchy of cancer suffering ", the common way the breast cancer is depicted focuses on the positive, sanitised image of cancer survivor that is more acceptable to society and more commonly seen in popular media and occurs at the exclusion of experiences common to many other breast cancer patients. That polarisation within breast cancer is an ex le of "hierarchy of cancer suffering" in itself that warrants examination. One of the potential reasons for the positive bias and separation in the stories of cancer survivors may be the terminology of survivorship which implies special standing and distinct status that can lead to exclusion and polarisation between, as well as within, cancer types.
A qualitative study of CVD management and dietary changes: Problems of 'too much' and 'contradictory' information
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2014
Using a nominal group technique to approach consensus on a resilience intervention for smoking cessation in a lower socioeconomic population
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-019-7939-Y
Abstract: Smoking prevalence remains inequitably high for lower SES (socioeconomic status) populations. The psychosocial interactive model of resilience theorises that resilience might be ‘switched on’ in order to support and/or maintain smoking cessation for these populations. This study aimed to develop a Resilience Intervention for Smoking Cessation (RISC) through reviewing the extant literature around efficacious interventions for smoking cessation. Deliberative democracy principles were then used to understand lay perspectives regarding this potential smoking cessation program. Public health databases were searched to find efficacious psycho-social resilience interventions in the peer-reviewed literature for smoking cessation amongst lower SES populations. Potential components for RISC were selected based on evidence within the literature for their effectiveness. We then employed the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to create discussion and consensus on the most socially appropriate and feasible components from the perspective of smokers from low SES areas. The NGT included 16 people from a lower SES population in southern metropolitan Adelaide who indicated they were seriously contemplating quitting smoking or had recently quit. Data were collected from multiple Likert ratings and rankings of the interventions during the NGT workshop and analysed descriptively. The Wilcoxon signed-ranked test was used where appropriate. Qualitative data were collected from participant reflections and group discussion, and analysed thematically. Six smoking cessation interventions, likely to enhance resilience, were selected as potential constituents for RISC: mindfulness training setting realistic goals support groups smoke free environments mobile phone apps and motivational interviewing. Consensus indicated that mindfulness training and setting realistic goals were the most acceptable resilience enhancing interventions, based on perceived usefulness and feasibility. This research applied principles from deliberative democracy in order to illuminate lay knowledge regarding an appropriate and acceptable smoking cessation resilience program for a lower SES population. This process of collaborative and complex knowledge-generation is critically important to confront inequities as an ongoing challenge in public health, such as smoking cessation for disadvantaged groups. Further research should involve development and trial of this resilience program.
Barriers to and facilitators of colorectal cancer screening in different population subgroups in Adelaide, South Australia
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.5694/MJA11.10701
Abstract: To identify barriers to and facilitators of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation among different cultural subgroups in South Australia, and to describe how these might be shared or be distinct across these groups. Qualitative study using in idual interviews in Adelaide, South Australia, between July 2009 and December 2010. Participants were recruited from five culturally distinct groups in SA (Greek, Vietnamese, Iranian, Indigenous and Anglo-Australian) and included people who had participated in CRC screening and people who had not. Factors that may act as barriers to or enablers of CRC screening. We interviewed 121 people. Members of all groups expressed positive attitudes towards cancer screening. However, we also noted a lack of knowledge about bowel cancer and its screening tests across all groups, and that the tests were viewed as unpleasant. Issues that differed across groups included language barriers, fatalistic views about cancer, embarrassment, the importance of privacy, the significance of a doctor's recommendation, moral obligations, and culture-specific concerns. This study suggests that population-based screening programs may need to be modified to facilitate access and participation among minority populations and Indigenous people if equity in screening is to be achieved.
The impact of education programs on smoking prevention: A randomized controlled trial among 11 to 14 year olds in Aceh, Indonesia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2200
Clinical significance of clinical interventions in community pharmacy: a randomised trial of the effect of education and a professional allowance
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2003
Abstract: To assess the clinical significance of clinical interventions undertaken by community pharmacists, and to explore the effect of providing education and/or remuneration on the clinical significance of interventions. Randomised trial involving four groups of community pharmacists expert panel to assess the clinical significance of the interventions. The “proactive” clinical interventions undertaken by community pharmacists during the trial were reviewed by an expert panel for assessment of avoided adverse health consequences and clinical significance. The panel used a validated assessment instrument developed from the existing research literature and a pilot study by the authors. Agreement between experts was determined using the kappa statistic. In addition, the results of the expert panel were analysed for cases where the majority of experts provided the same assessment of clinical significance (ie, consensus). Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the clinical significance of clinical interventions undertaken by the four study groups. However, there were significant differences (95% CI) in the types of proactive interventions undertaken, with the two groups that received an educational intervention being more likely to engage in more complex intervention areas, such as drug/drug interactions and adverse/side effects. Analysis of consensus revealed that 52% of proactive clinical interventions were deemed to be “clinically significant” and 2% were deemed to be either “clinically very significant” or “potentially life-saving”. When extrapolated to national Australian prescribing figures, a mean of 3,752 potentially life-saving interventions by community pharmacists could be expected per year (95% CI 454 to 13,554). The results of this study provide the first estimates of the potential clinical benefits associated with clinical interventions in Australian community pharmacies. The study contributes evidence on the value of pharmaceutical services to the health care system. As such, it is expected that the study findings will provide a platform for discussion and decision-making.
HIV-related challenges and women’s self-response: A qualitative study with women living with HIV in Indonesia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-10-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0275390
Abstract: HIV infection is a major public health concern, with a range of negative impacts on People Living with HIV (PLHIV). A qualitative study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, using in-depth interviews with 26 Women Living with HIV (WLHIV) was conducted to understand HIV risk factors and impact and their access to HIV care services. This paper describes the self-response of WLHIV towards negative HIV-related experiences facing them and adds to the existing literature which tends to focus on HIV impact only, as opposed to strategies that many WLHIV have used to empower and educate themselves and their family/community. Participants were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. Data analysis was guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. Our study highlighted that WLHIV experienced psychological challenges, stigma and discrimination. However, they demonstrated remarkable self-response and capacity in pursuing effective strategies and support to protect themselves, and educating themselves and others around them to rebuild trust and regain respect and acceptance. Our findings indicate that the needs of WLHIV should be addressed through policy and practice to help them cope with HIV-related psychological and social challenges effectively. Family and community members seem to play an important role in those negative challenges against WLHIV, thus there is also a need for HIV education programs for family and community members to enhance their HIV-health literacy and acceptance of PLHIV.
COVID-19, Alcohol Consumption and Stockpiling Practises in Midlife Women: Repeat Surveys During Lockdown in Australia and the United Kingdom
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-06-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.642950
Abstract: Introduction: This project examined the impact of COVID-19 and associated restrictions on alcohol practises (consumption and stockpiling), and perceptions of health risk among women in midlife (those aged 45–64 years). Methods: We collected online survey data from 2,437 midlife women in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia in May 2020, recruited using a commercial panel, in the early days of mandated COVID-19 related restrictions in both countries. Participants were surveyed again ( N = 1,377) in July 2020, at a time when COVID-19 restrictions were beginning to ease. The surveys included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) and questions alcohol stockpiling. Analysis involved a range of univariate and multivariate techniques examining the impact of demographic variables and negative affect on consumption and acquisition outcomes. Results: In both surveys (May and July), UK women scored higher than Australian women on the AUDIT-C, and residence in the UK was found to independently predict stockpiling of alcohol (RR: 1.51 95% CI: 1.20, 1.91). Developing depression between surveys (RR: 1.53 95% CI: 1.14, 2.04) and reporting pessimism (RR: 1.42 95% CI: 1.11, 1.81), and fear/anxiety (RR: 1.33 95% CI: 1.05, 1.70) at the beginning of the study period also predicted stockpiling by the end of the lockdown. Having a tertiary education was protective for alcohol stockpiling at each time point (RR: 0.69 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87). Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with increases in risky alcohol practises that were predicted by negative emotional responses to the pandemic. Anxiety, pessimism and depression predicted stockpiling behaviour in UK and Australian women despite the many demographic and contextual differences between the two cohorts. Given our findings and the findings of others that mental health issues developed or were exacerbated during lockdown and may continue long after that time, urgent action is required to address a potential future pandemic of alcohol-related harms.
Mental Health Challenges and the Associated Factors in Women Living with HIV Who Have Children Living with HIV in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-06-2022
Abstract: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are vulnerable to various mental health challenges. However, there is a paucity of studies globally and in the Indonesian context that have specifically explored mental health challenges among mothers living with HIV who also have children living with HIV (CLHIV). This qualitative study explored mental health challenges and the associated factors in mothers living with HIV who have CLHIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In-depth interviews were employed to collect data from the participants (N = 23) who were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. A qualitative data analysis framework was used to guide the analysis of the findings. The findings showed that the mothers experienced a range of mental health issues due to their own, and their child’s diagnoses of stress, depression, anxiety, fear, sadness, and guilt. Lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of death, shame, not knowing whom to talk with and what to do after their own HIV diagnosis, and the HIV diagnosis of their children were factors that challenged their mental health. Difficulties in dealing with daily life or social activities of their CLHIV, dilemmas in addressing questions and complaints of their CLHIV about HIV treatment, and concerns about the health condition of their CLHIV and how their children cope with any potential negative social impacts also impacted the mothers’ mental health. Social factors such as unsympathetic expressions from friends towards them and their CLHIV and negatively worded religious-related advice from parents and relatives also contributed to their poor mental health. Our findings indicate the need for intervention programs that support mothers living with HIV and their CLHIV. Future large-scale studies involving mothers living with HIV who have CLHIV in Indonesia and other settings globally are needed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of mental health challenges and the associated factors they face.
Estimating informal household food waste in developed countries: The case of Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-09-2014
Abstract: Food waste is a global problem. In Australia alone, it is estimated that households throw away AU$5.2 billion worth of food (AU$616 per household) each year. Developed countries have formal waste management systems that provide measures of food waste. However, much remains unknown about informal food waste disposal routes and volumes outside of the formal system. This article provides indicative metrics of informal food waste by identifying, in detail, five of the dominant informal food waste disposal routes used by Australian households: home composting, feeding scraps to pets, sewer disposal, giving to charity, and dumping or incineration. Informal waste generation rates are then calculated from three primary data sources, in addition to data from previous Australian and UK surveys, using a weighted average method in conjunction with a Monte-Carlo simulation. We find that the average Australian household disposes of 2.6 kgs of food waste per week through informal routes (1.7 kgs via household composting, 0.2 kgs via animals, and 0.6 kgs via sewage). This represents 20% of Australian household food waste flows. Our results highlight that informal food waste is a sizable food waste flow from Australian homes, deserving of greater research and government attention. Our examination of the full extent of food waste by disposal mode provides waste managers and policy makers with clear disposal routes to target for behaviour change and positive environmental outcomes.
A Trial of Mindfulness Meditation to Reduce Anger and Violence in Thai Youth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2014
How do South Australian consumers negotiate and respond to information in the media about food and nutrition?: The importance of risk, trust and uncertainty
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-07-2012
Abstract: The amount of information in the media about food and nutrition is increasing. As part of the risk society, consumers have a moral imperative to synthesize this information in order to manage their diet. This article explores how media information about food affects how consumers place trust in the food system and strategies adopted to manage conflicting nutritional information. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 47 shoppers drawn from higher and lower socio-economic metropolitan and rural locations. There was an overriding trust in the Australian food system however, participants talked about the impact of the large amounts of complex, confusing and often contradictory information. For some, this led to an active search for ‘truth’. For others it created uncertainty and anxiety, and for others a sense of paralysis or stasis. The findings are explored in relation to the production and consumption of risks in late modernity and the interrelationship between trust and risk.
Improving access to health information for older migrants by using grounded theory and social network analysis to understand their information behaviour and digital technology use.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 23-09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12241
Abstract: Migrant well-being can be strongly influenced by the migration experience and subsequent degree of mainstream language acquisition. There is little research on how older Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (CALD) migrants who have 'aged in place' find health information, and the role which digital technology plays in this. Although the research for this paper was not focused on cancer, we draw out implications for providing cancer-related information to this group. We interviewed 54 participants (14 men and 40 women) aged 63-94 years, who were born in Italy or Greece, and who migrated to Australia mostly as young adults after World War II. Constructivist grounded theory and social network analysis were used for data analysis. Participants identified doctors, adult children, local television, spouse, local newspaper and radio as the most important information sources. They did not generally use computers, the Internet or mobile phones to access information. Literacy in their birth language, and the degree of proficiency in understanding and using English, influenced the range of information sources accessed and the means used. The ways in which older CALD migrants seek and access information has important implications for how professionals and policymakers deliver relevant information to them about cancer prevention, screening, support and treatment, particularly as information and resources are moved online as part of e-health.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations: a cross-sectional community survey in Bangladesh
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-021-11880-9
Abstract: Several vaccines have been approved for use against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and distributed globally in different regions. However, general community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations are poorly understood. Thus, the study aimed to investigate community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations in Bangladesh. An exploratory and anonymous population-based e-survey was conducted among 1658 general in iduals (55.6% male mean age = 23.17 ± 6.05 years age range = 18–65 years). The survey was conducted using a semi-structured and self-reported questionnaire containing informed consent along with four sections (i.e., socio-demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions). Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the variables predicting knowledge, and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccinations. The mean scores of knowledge and attitudes were 2.83 ± 1.48 (out of 5) and 9.34 ± 2.39 (out of 12) respectively. About a quarter of participants thought that the COVID-19 vaccination available in Bangladesh is safe, only 60% will have the vaccination and about two-thirds will recommend it to family and friends. In the multiple regression model, higher SES, having university/ higher levels of education, having nuclear families and having previous history of essential vaccines uptake were associated with knowledge whilst attitudes were significantly associated with being female and having previous history of essential vaccines uptake. Just over half of the participants thought that everyone should be vaccinated and 61% responded that health workers should be vaccinated first on priority basis. 95% of respondents believed the vaccine should be administered free of charge in Bangladesh and almost 90% believed that the COVID-19 vaccine used in Bangladesh may have side effects. The findings reflect inadequate knowledge but more positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine among the general population in Bangladesh. In order to improve knowledge, immediate health education programs need to be initiated before mass vaccination are scheduled.
Editorial
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
Community-level experiences, understandings, and responses to COVID-19 in low-and middle-income countries
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-11-2021
Abstract: (1) Background: COVID-19 disruptions offer researchers insight into how pandemics are at once biological and social threats, as communities struggle to construct meaning from novel challenges to their ontological status quo. Multiple epistemes, in which public health imperatives confront and negotiate locally derived knowledge and traditions, vie for legitimacy and agency, resulting in new cultural forms. (2) Methods: To investigate the context and construction of community responses, a systematic review of qualitative literature was conducted with the aim of evaluating those insights provided by empirical, social field research in low- and middle-income countries since the onset of COVID-19. Six scholarly databases were searched for empirical, qualitative, field-based, or participatory research that was published in peer-reviewed journals between December 2019 and August 2021. (3) Results: Twenty-five studies were selected for data extraction, following critical appraisal for methodological rigor by two independent reviewers, and were then analyzed thematically. Faced with unprecedented social ruptures, restrictions in social and physical mobility, and ever-looming uncertainties of infection, financial insecurity, stigma, and loss, communities worldwide reacted in multiple and complex ways. Pervasive misinformation and fear of social rejection resulted in noncompliance with pandemic sanctions, resistance, and increased isolation, allowing the spread of the disease. The meaning of, and understandings about, COVID-19 were constructed using traditional, religious, and biomedical epistemologies, which were occasionally in conflict with each other. Innovations and adaptations, through syntheses of traditional and biomedical discourses and practice, illustrated community resilience and provided models for successful engagement to improve public health outcomes. (4) Conclusion: Local context and community engagement were indispensable considerations when enacting effective public health interventions to meet the challenges of the pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Activity and Mental Health of Older People in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-09-2022
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202209.0268.V1
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused detrimental impacts on different population groups throughout the world. This study aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic& rsquo s mandatory lockdown protocols on activities and mental health conditions of community-dwelling older people in Jakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative design using one-on-one in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from the participants (n=24) who were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. Data analysis was guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that before the COVID-19 outbreak participants engaged in different kinds of regular in idual and social activities. However, the COVID-19 outbreak and its mandatory lockdown protocols significantly influenced both their activities and social life, which led to social disconnection and financial difficulties for them. COVID-19 outbreak, mandatory lockdown protocols, and disruption of in idual and social activities of the participants also caused mental health challenges to them, including feelings of loneliness, loss, sadness, stress, and anger. The findings suggest that there is a need for intervention programs addressing the socio-economic and mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on older populations to help them cope with these challenges. Future studies involving large-scale older populations to comprehensively understand COVID-19 impacts on them are recommended.
The Social Determinants of Food Purchasing Practices: Who Chooses Price-before-Health, Taste-before-Price or Organic Foods in Australia?
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2012
Food insecurity in South Australian single parents: An assessment of the livelihoods framework approach
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 3. Bone mineralization and litter quality
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Supplementary prescribing by community and primary care pharmacists: an analysis of PACT data, 2004-2006
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 17-01-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2710.2008.00869.X
Abstract: Pharmacist prescribing is a relatively new initiative in the extension of prescribing responsibilities to non-medical healthcare professionals. Pharmacist supplementary prescribing was introduced in 2003 and allowed prescribing in accordance with a clinical management plan agreed with a medical practitioner and patient to improve patient access to medicines and better utilize the skills of healthcare professionals. The objective of this research was to examine the volume, cost and trends in pharmacist prescribing in community and primary care using Prescription Analysis and Cost (PACT) data and to suggest possible reasons for the trends. Using PACT data at national, chapter and subchapter level for 2004-2006 the volume, costs and trends for pharmacist prescribing were obtained. Supplemental data and statistical analysis from other sources, relating to prescribing of in idual drugs, were also utilized. The total number of items prescribed by pharmacists in community and primary care increased from 2706 in 2004 to 31 052 in 2006. In 2006, pharmacist prescribing represented only 0.004% of all prescribing in the community and primary care setting. Cardiovascular medicines were the most frequently prescribed therapeutic class followed by central nervous system, respiratory, endocrine and gastrointestinal medicines. Pharmacist prescribing is increasing but represents an extremely small proportion of primary care prescribing. PACT data between 2004 and 2006 reflects pharmacist supplementary prescribing alone and has been in the anticipated therapeutic areas of drugs which treat chronic conditions such as hypertension.
Does Resilience Moderate the Relationship Between Stress and Smoking Status?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-01-2019
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1501066
Abstract: There is a growing evidence that resilience to stress can promote nonsmoking. However, few studies have undertaken quantitative research to investigate whether resilience, generated by internal and external factors, moderates the impact of stress on the likelihood of smoking. This study aims to help fill this knowledge gap in relation to smokers and ex-smokers, and those people who have never smoked. A large online cross-sectional survey was administered in Australia (2015-2016) to collect data on demographic variables, levels of internal and external resilience, and stress from current and past smokers (n = 400) and those who have never-smoked (n = 921). Logistic regressions were employed to test our hypotheses. Most participants were female (82%) and ranged between 18 and 77 years. Higher levels of reported perceived stress and stress-related variables did significantly predict smoking. The combined impact of internal and external resilience factors predicted never-smoking and lessened the relationship between perceived stress and stress-related variables, and the likelihood of smoking. These results are important because they suggest that the social environment should be developed to augment social support and internal properties such as developing "a strong sense of purpose in life" to encourage people not to commence smoking, rather than focus on smoking cessation.
Editorial: A sociology of food and eating: Why now?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-11-2010
Analysis of social networks supporting the self-management of type 2 diabetes for people with mental illness
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2015
Understanding Engagement in Sustainable Eating and Education: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-01-2022
‘Get your own house in order’: Qualitative dialogue groups with nonvaccinating parents on how measles outbreaks in their community should be managed
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13511
Abstract: Communities with high levels of vaccine rejection present unique challenges to vaccine‐preventable disease outbreak management. We sought perspectives of nonvaccinating parents to inform public health responses in such communities. Nineteen purposively s led nonvaccinating Australian parents participated in one of seven online dialogue groups. We asked what they thought parents, school principals and public health professionals should do in a hypothetical school measles outbreak and used a framework approach to data analysis. Parents' views were grounded in strong beliefs in parental responsibility and the belief that vaccines are not effective, thus unvaccinated children do not therefore pose a threat. They then reasoned that the forced exclusion of unvaccinated children from school in a measles outbreak was disproportionate to the risk they pose, and their child's right to education should not be overridden. Nonvaccinating parents judged that all parents should keep sick children at home regardless of disease or vaccination status that school principals should communicate directly with parents and avoid using social media that public health professionals should provide information to parents so they can decide for themselves about excluding their children from school that public health responses should avoid accidental identification of unvaccinated children and that mainstream media should be avoided as a communication tool. Nonvaccinating parents do not always agree with current Australian approaches to measles outbreak management. Their perspectives can inform approaches to outbreak responses in communities with high levels of vaccine rejection. We sought input from in iduals who did and did not vaccinate on study design in its early phases. In idual conversations were used deliberately as we felt the group advisory situation may have felt less safe for nonvaccinating parents, given the isive and often hostile nature of the topic.
How Australian Health Care Services Adapted to Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-02-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.648009
Abstract: Background: In Australia, telehealth services were used as an alternative method of health care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a realist analysis of a survey of health professionals, we have sought to identify the underlying mechanisms that have assisted Australian health services adapt to the physical separation between clinicians and patients. Methods: Using a critical realist ontology and epistemology, we undertook an online survey of health professionals subscribing to the Australian Telehealth Society newsletter. The survey had close- and open-ended questions, constructed to identify contextual changes in the operating environment for telehealth services, and assess the mechanisms which had contributed to these changes. We applied descriptive and McNemar's Chi-square analysis for the close-ended component of the survey, and a reflexive thematic analysis approach for the open-ended questions which were framed within the activity based funding system which had previously limited telehealth services to regional Australia. Results: Of the 91 respondents most (73%) reported a higher volume of telephone-based care since COVID and an increase in use of video consultations (60% of respondents). Respondents felt that the move to provide care using telehealth services had been a “forced adoption” where clinicians began to use telehealth services (often for the first time) to maintain health care. Respondents noted significant changes in managerial and medical culture which supported the legitimisation of telehealth services as a mode of access to care. The support of leaders and the use personal and organisational networks to facilitate the operation of telehealth service were felt to be particularly valuable. Access to, and reliability of, the technology were considered extremely important for services. Respondents also welcomed the increased availability of more human and financial resources. Conclusions: During the pandemic, mechanisms that legitimise practise, build confidence, support relationships and supply resources have fostered the use of telehealth. This ongoing interaction between telehealth services, contexts and mechanisms is complex. The adoption of telehealth access to enable physically separated care, may mark a “new context ” or it could be that once the pandemic passes, previous policies and practises will re-assert themselves and curb support for telehealth-enabled care.
Early mortality among children and adults in antiretroviral therapy programs in Southwest Ethiopia, 2003–15
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-06-2018
Understanding actions and challenges in protecting older people during covid-19 pandemic in indonesia: A qualitative study with female caregivers
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-03-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0273761
Abstract: COVID-19 has rapidly impacted societies on a global scale, with older people among the most affected. To care for older people living in their own homes, female family caregivers play a pivotal role. The current study aimed to explore the actions of female family caregivers and the challenges they faced in taking care of older people living at homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belu district, Indonesia. This qualitative study involved twenty female family caregivers, who were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball s ling techniques. Findings were grouped into two main categories: (i) actions of female family caregivers in taking care of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. These included limiting both visitations of extended family members and older adults’ activities outside homes explaining the virus to older adults and controlling their access to news, social media and smartphones providing nutrition, supplement and maintaining daily diets and (ii) challenges they faced in taking care of older adults included excessive fear of contracting COVID-19 and possibility of transmitting it to older people feeling stressed tired and overburdened. The study highlights the significant role family caregivers played to protect older people living at home. The findings can inform government to develop intervention programs that address and support the needs of both family caregivers and older people living at home.
Nonmedical Prescribing in the United Kingdom
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2008
Prevalence, trend and risk factors for antiretroviral therapy discontinuation among HIV-infected adults in Ethiopia in 2003-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-06-2017
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Activity and Mental Health of Older People in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-10-2022
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused detrimental impacts on different population groups throughout the world. This study aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic’s mandatory lockdown protocols on in idual and social activities and mental health conditions of community-dwelling older people in Jakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative design using one-on-one in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from the participants (n = 24) who were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. Data analysis was guided by the five steps proposed in a qualitative data analysis framework, including familiarisation with the data, identification of a thematic framework, indexing the data, charting the data and mapping and interpreting the data. The findings showed that before the COVID-19 outbreak participants engaged in different kinds of regular in idual and social activities. However, the COVID-19 outbreak and its mandatory lockdown protocols significantly influenced both their activities and social life, which led to social disconnection and financial difficulties for them. COVID-19 outbreak, mandatory lockdown protocols, and the disruption of in idual and social activities of the participants also caused mental health challenges to them, including feelings of loneliness, loss, sadness, stress, and anger. The findings suggest that there is a need for intervention programs addressing the socio-economic and mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on older populations to help them cope with these challenges. Future studies involving large-scale older populations to comprehensively understand COVID-19 impacts on them are recommended.
UNDERSTANDING ACTIONS TAKEN BY FEMALE FAMILY CAREGIVERS AND CHALLENGES THEY FACED IN CARING FOR OLDER PEOPLE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN BELU DISTRICT, INDONESIA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-08-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.22.22278860
Abstract: COVID-19 has rapidly impacted societies on a global scale, with older people among the most affected. To care for older people living in their own homes, female family caregivers play a pivotal role. The current study aimed to explore the actions of female family caregivers and the challenges they faced in taking care of older people living at homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belu district, Indonesia. This qualitative study involved twenty female family caregivers, who were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball s ling techniques. Findings were grouped into two main categories: (i) actions of female family caregivers in taking care of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. These included limiting both visitations of extended family members and older adults’ activities outside homes explaining the virus to older adults and controlling their access to news, social media and smartphones providing nutrition, supplement and maintaining daily diets and (ii) challenges they faced in taking care of older adults included excessive fear of contracting COVID-19 and possibility of transmitting it to older people feeling stressed tired and overburdened. The study highlights the significant role family caregivers played to protect older people living at home. The findings can inform government to develop intervention programs that address and support the needs of both family caregivers and older people living at home.
The Dependent Consumer: Reflections on Accounts of the Risks of Non-Prescription Medicines
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1177/136345930100500101
Abstract: Although academic writing about risk as a conceptual and theoretical category has burgeoned in recent years, debates about the characteristics of the risk society have tended to by-pass more mundane but ubiquitous dimensions of health and health-related behaviour. In this article, we argue that focusing on lay people’s understanding of the risks of a relatively commonplace ex le of modern medical technology (the use of non-prescription medicines for the self-medication of minor ailments) provides an insight and a challenge to what theorists of the risk society have described as the existential contours of life in late modernity. In the context of an empirical study detailing consumer responses to a naturally occurring risk, we explore some of the arguments proposed by Ulrich Beck and lified by Anthony Giddens concerning the characteristics of the risk society. We provide evidence both for and against the propositions described by these authors and posit a more nuanced understanding of the risks of scientific medicine which acknowledges both lay expertise over medicines usage coupled with dependence on medicine and medical technology as forms of healing.
Barriers, enablers and initiatives for uptake of advance care planning in general practice: A systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-030275
Abstract: How advance care planning (ACP) is conceptualised in Australia including when, where and how ACP is best initiated, is unclear. It has been suggested that healthcare delivered in general practice provides an optimal setting for initiation of ACP discussions but uptake remains low. This systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis sought to answer two questions: (1) What are the barriers and enablers to uptake of ACP in general practice? (2) What initiatives have been used to increase uptake of ACP in general practice? A systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis of the peer-reviewed literature was undertaken. A socioecological framework was used to interpret and map the literature across four contextual levels of influence including in idual, interpersonal, provider and system levels within a general practice setting. Primary care general practice settings Searches were undertaken from inception to July 2019 across Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, ProQuest and Cochrane Library of systematic reviews. The search yielded 4883 non-duplicate studies which were reduced to 54 studies for synthesis. Year of publication ranged from 1991 to 2019 and represented research from nine countries. Review findings identified a erse and disaggregated body of ACP literature describing barriers and enablers to ACP in general practice, and interventions testing single or multiple mechanisms to improve ACP generally without explicit consideration for level of influence. There was a lack of cohesive guidance in shaping effective ACP interventions and some early indications of structured approaches emerging. Findings from this review present an opportunity to strategically apply the ACP research evidence across targeted levels of influence, and with an understanding of mediators and moderators to inform the design of new and enhanced ACP models of care in general practice. CRD42018088838
Stigma and Discrimination towards People Living with HIV in the Context of Families, Communities, and Healthcare Settings: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-05-2021
Abstract: HIV stigma and discrimination are a major challenge facing people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally. As part of a larger qualitative study with PLHIV in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, this paper describes the participants’ perceptions about drivers of HIV stigma and discrimination towards them within families, communities and healthcare settings, and highlights issues of HIV stigma as a social process. Participants were recruited using a snowball s ling technique. Data analysis was guided by the framework analysis for qualitative data, and conceptualization and discussion of the study findings were guided by the HIV stigma framework. The findings showed that participants experienced stigma and discrimination across settings, including in families and communities by family and community members, and in healthcare settings by healthcare professionals. The lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of contracting HIV, social and moral perceptions about HIV and PLHIV were perceived facilitators or drivers of stigma and discrimination towards PLHIV. HIV stigma and discrimination were also identified as a process linked to the whole groups of people within families or communities, which occurred within social context in Yogyakarta and Belu. The findings indicate the need for HIV education for family and community members, and healthcare providers to enhance their knowledge of HIV and improve acceptance of PLHIV within families, communities and healthcare settings.
Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination refusal among healthcare workers in Ethiopia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-08-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2022.929754
Abstract: Even though the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and the increasing vaccination rates are promising, there are reports of refusal to get vaccinated in a different segment of the population, including health care workers. This study determines the acceptance/refusal of the COVID-19 vaccination and its predictors among health care workers in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a group of health care workers at different health facilities in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 1 to 30 July 2020. Data were collected from 403 participants through an online Google submission form. Data were entered into Epi-info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Approximately 38.5% of the health care workers in the study had refused COVID-19 vaccination. Younger age groups vs. 40 and above years (age 20–24 year [AOR: 0.03, 95% CI (0.00, 0.48)], age 25–29 year [AOR: 0.02, 95% CI (0.00, 0.49)], and age 30–34 year [AOR: 0.04 (0.00, 0.49)] and medical doctors vs. Nurses [AOR: 0.06, 95% CI, (0.01, 0.42)] were reported as risk factors also, academic working staff vs. hospital staff [AOR: 4.42, 95% CI (1.85, 10.54)] was reported as a protective factor toward refusal of COVID-19 vaccination. Two-fifths of health care workers in Ethiopia were indicated to refuse COVID-19 vaccination, implying a significant barrier to achieving WHO's a target of 70% double vaccination rate by mid-2022.
Food literacy programmes in secondary schools: A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-07-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019001666
Abstract: The current review aimed to synthesise the literature on food literacy interventions among adolescents in secondary schools, the attitudes and perceptions of food literacy interventions in secondary schools, and their effects on dietary outcomes. The systematic review searched five electronic databases from the earliest record to present. The studies selected for the review were from sixteen countries: Australia ( n 10), Canada ( n 1), China ( n 1), France ( n 1), Greece ( n 2), Iran ( n 1), South Africa ( n 1), South India ( n 1), Kenya ( n 1), Norway ( n 2), Portugal ( n 1), Denmark ( n 1), Northern Ireland ( n 1), USA ( n 17), UK ( n 1) and Sweden ( n 2). Adolescents aged 10–19 years. Forty-four studies were eligible for inclusion. Adolescents with greater nutritional knowledge and food skills showed healthier dietary practices. Studies found a mixed association between food literacy and long-term healthy dietary behaviour. Two studies showed an improvement in adolescents’ cooking skills and food safety knowledge six studies showed an improvement in overall food safety knowledge six studies showed an improvement in overall food and nutritional knowledge and two studies showed an improvement in short-term healthy dietary behaviour. Food literacy interventions conducted in a secondary-school setting have demonstrated a positive impact on healthy food and nutritional knowledge. However, there appears to be limited evidence supporting food literacy interventions and long-term dietary behaviours in adolescents. More evidence-based research is required to adequately measure all domains of food literacy and more age-specific food literacy interventions.
HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Perspectives and Personal Experiences of Healthcare Providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-05-2021
Abstract: Stigma and discrimination are major challenges facing People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) globally due to their HIV status. As part of a larger qualitative study in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, using in-depth interviews with 92 PLWHA (52 women, 40 men) and 20 healthcare providers, this paper describes perspectives and personal experiences of the 20 healthcare providers, relating to HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA in both study settings. The healthcare providers were recruited from healthcare facilities providing HIV-related healthcare services, using a snowball s ling technique. A qualitative framework analysis was used to guide data analysis. Health stigma and discrimination framework guided the conceptualisation and discussion of the findings. The findings presented the views and perspectives of healthcare providers that HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA still occurred within families, communities and healthcare settings. These were reflected in negative labelling, separation of personal belongings, avoidance, denial of treatment and rejection of PLWHA by healthcare providers, family and community members. Some healthcare providers reported that they had personally stigmatised and discriminated against PLWHA. A lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of contracting HIV, personal values, religious thoughts and sociocultural values and norms, were reported as drivers or facilitators behind this HIV-related stigma and discrimination. The findings indicate the importance of continued HIV/AIDS education for families, community members and healthcare providers, to raise awareness and to ensure that healthy and professional support systems are in place for PLWHA. The findings indicate the need to enhance improvement within the healthcare or HIV care system to adequately address the needs of PLWHA, which may facilitate their early initiation of HIV treatment and better treatment adherence and retention to increase Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) count and suppress viral load. Future studies are also needed to explore the role that government and non-government institutions can play in improving health service delivery for people newly diagnosed with HIV and those living with HIV/AIDS.
The influence of mindfulness meditation on angry emotions and violent behavior on Thai technical college students
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Clinical intervention rates in community pharmacy: a randomised trial of the effect of education and a professional allowance
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2003
Abstract: To quantify the rate of clinical interventions by community pharmacists, and to determine the effect of providing targeted education and/or fee-for-service professional remuneration on the rate of clinical interventions. A randomised trial involving four groups of 10 community pharmacies: group A served as a control and received neither education nor remuneration group B received education and professional remuneration group C received “advanced” education and professional remuneration and group D received professional remuneration with no education. Pharmacists in all groups documented interventions for three one-week periods. Types of intervention were pre-specified by the researchers and logged as such by the pharmacists. Interventions were categorised as “reactive” or “proactive” by a panel comprising a community pharmacist and a hospital pharmacist. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare differences in intervention rates between the groups at baseline, between groups over time (six weeks), and within groups over time. 87,130 prescription items were dispensed in the study period, and there were 762 clinical interventions, an intervention rate of 0.87%. Of the total, 375 (0.43%) were proactive and 387 (0.44%) were reactive. Groups B and C showed increases in clinical intervention rates immediately after the educational intervention, but these rates then decreased between week 1 and 2. Over the study period, group D had statistically significant reductions in intervention rates from baseline (total, reactive and proactive), and group A showed statistically significant reductions in reactive intervention rates. The results from this study show that providing remuneration alone or maintaining the status quo (ie, neither remuneration nor education) did not lead to an increase in clinical interventions in community pharmacies. Increases in rates within the groups receiving education and remuneration were short lived. Developing and implementing educational programmes in addition to fee-for-service remuneration packages may have a positive impact on clinical intervention rates. Longitudinal work is required to investigate the sustainable effects of longer-term education strategies on clinical interventions in community pharmacy.
A review of critical pedagogies in health and social care: findings from a ‘best fit’ framework synthesis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2020
“Do-it-yourself”: Vaccine rejection and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2017.11.022
Abstract: In this article, we elucidate a symbiotic relationship between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and rejection of, or hesitancy towards, vaccination. In Fremantle, Western Australia, and Adelaide, South Australia, we conducted in-depth interviews from September 2013-December 2015 with 29 parents who had refused or delayed some or all of their children's vaccines. Our qualitative analysis found that for many, their do-it-yourself ethic and personal agency was enhanced by self-directed CAM use, alongside (sometimes informal) CAM practitioner instruction. Reifying 'the natural,' these parents eschewed vaccines as toxic and adulterating, and embraced CAM as a protective strategy for immune systems before, during and after illness. Users saw CAM as harm-free, and when it came to experiences that non-users might interpret as demonstrating CAM's ineffectiveness, they rationalised to the contrary. They also generally glossed over its profit motive. CAM emerged as part of an expert system countering Western medicine. CAM's faces were trusted and familiar, and its cottage capitalism appeared largely free from the taint of "Big Pharma." A few parents employed a scientific critique of CAM modalities - and a minority were dubious of its profit motive - but others rejected the epistemology underpinning biomedicine, framing CAM as a knowledge not poisoned by avarice a wisdom whose very evidence-base (anecdote and history) was demeaned by an arrogant scientific process only permitting belief in that which could be quantified. However, all parents engaged with Western medicine for broken bones and, sometimes, medical diagnoses. Our analysis suggests that pro-vaccination health professionals, policymakers and information-providers seeking to address the role of CAM in vaccine rejection face significant challenges due to the epistemic basis of some parents' decisions. However, we make some suggestions for professional practice and policy to enhance trust in vaccination.
Barriers to digital health services among people living in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage: Research from hospital diabetes and antenatal clinics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-09-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.540
Abstract: We sought to examine barriers to access to, use of, and benefits from digital health services in an area of socioeconomic disadvantage of Adelaide, Australia. We conducted waiting room surveys in two hospital diabetes clinics and one hospital antenatal clinic in South Australia, and follow‐up telephone interviews with 20 patients. We examined the extent of access to, use of and benefits from digital health services, and what barriers people encountered. We undertook mixed methods, with quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative analysis. Thirty‐seven diabetes clinic patients (54% response rate) and 99 antenatal clinic patients (33% response rate) participated. Sixty‐two percent of the patients with diabetes and 27% of antenatal clinic patients had never used digital health services. Seventeen percent of patients with diabetes and 30% of antenatal clinic patients were hesitant users, and 22% of patients with diabetes and 44% of antenatal clinic patients were confident users. Barriers included struggling to afford the technology or to stay connected and a lack of trust in online health information. Potential benefits included feeling more empowered and complementing face‐to‐face care. There are socioeconomic barriers to access, use of, and ability to benefit from digital health strategies that mean not everyone will be able to benefit from digital health services. As COVID‐19 accelerates the shift towards digital health services, people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage may be excluded. If barriers to access and use are not addressed, they will exacerbate already increasing health inequities.
How equitable are GP practice prescribing rates for statins?: an ecological study in four primary care trusts in North West England
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2007
Is task-shifting a solution to the health workers' shortage in Northern Ghana?
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-03-2017
“I was very shocked, I wanted it to be over”: A Qualitative Exploration of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts among Women Living with HIV in Indonesia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-10-2023
Prevalence, trend, outcomes and risk factors for late presentation for HIV care in ethiopia, 2003–2015
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Date: 07-2017
Understanding public trust in services provided by community pharmacists relative to those provided by general practitioners: a qualitative study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2012
HIV care continuum outcomes in Ethiopia: Surrogates for UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets for ending HIV/AIDS
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Date: 07-2017
Antiretroviral therapy discontinuation among hiv infected adults in ethiopia in 2003–2015
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Date: 07-2017
‘Never testing for HIV’ among Men who have Sex with Men in Viet Nam: results from an internet-based cross-sectional survey
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2013
Identifying Vulnerable Populations Using a Social Determinants of Health Framework: Analysis of National Survey Data across Six Asia-Pacific Countries
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-12-2013
Consumers respond to a model for (re)building consumer trust in the food system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
How to do mesh‐mediated fascial traction for delayed primary closure of the open abdomen
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ANS.18474
The management of cognitive labour in same-gender couples
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-07-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0287585
Abstract: This study explored how cognitive labour as a form of unpaid, household labour is performed by people in same-gender couples. Excessive performance of unpaid labour has been associated with several health impacts. Cognitive labour (anticipating needs, identifying options for meeting needs, making decisions and monitoring progress) is an underexamined dimension of unpaid labour which has centered on the experiences of heterosexual couples. Dyadic and in idual interviews were carried out to explore how cognitive labour was performed in same-gender couples between March and October 2021 using an inductive methodology. Adults who were in a same-gender couple, had lived with their partner for at least six months, were not living with children were recruited largely via social media. Examining cognitive labour performance amongst same-gender couples revealed four key themes: 1) habitually fostered patterns of trust 2) agency in redefining family 3) barriers to cognitive harmony and 4) facilitators to cognitive harmony. Findings regarding the relationships between themes are presented in a narrative model. Dyadic interviews allowed for deep, narratives relating to cognitive labour performance. The narrative model provides new conceptual understanding of how cognitive labour is performed outside of the heteronormative sphere. Couple’s adoption of a strengths-based frame to cognitive labour performance removed the opposition inherent in gender dichotomies. These findings support calls for research to incorporate social change to build and refine theory, including how queer and feminist movements have challenged gendered and heteronormative family and household roles.
Intergenerational transmission of dietary behaviours: A qualitative study of Anglo-Australian, Chinese-Australian and Italian-Australian three-generation families
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.04.036
Abstract: Family food choice is complex with a number of people within the family sharing food choice and preparation responsibilities. Differences in dietary behaviours also exist between various ethnic groups worldwide, and are apparent within multicultural nations such as Australia. This study examined the intergenerational transmission of eating behaviour through semi-structured family interviews with 27 three generation families (Anglo-Australian: n = 11, Chinese-Australian: n = 8, Italian-Australian: n = 8 N = 114). The influence of generation (grandparent, parent, child), role (grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, daughter, son), and ethnic background were considered. Thematic analysis identified that regardless of ethnic background, grandmothers and mothers dominated family food choice decisions even in families where fathers were primarily responsible for the preparation of family meals. The women in each generation influenced fruit and vegetable intake by controlling purchasing decisions (e.g., by shopping for food or editing family grocery shopping lists), insisting on consumption, monitoring and reminding, utilizing food as a prerequisite for conditional treats (e.g., eating fruit before being allowed snacks), instigating and enforcing food rules (e.g., fast food only on weekends), and restricting others' food choices. Grandparents and children shared a relationship that skipped the parent generation and influenced dietary behaviours bi-directionally. These findings have implications for the delivery of dietary health messages used in disease prevention interventions designed to successfully reach culturally and linguistically erse populations and all members of multigenerational families.
We All Have a Role to Play: Redressing Inequities for Children Living with CAH and Other Chronic Health Conditions of Childhood in Resource-Poor Settings
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-09-2020
DOI: 10.3390/IJNS6040076
Abstract: CLAN (Caring and Living as Neighbours) is an Australian-based non-governmental organisation (NGO) committed to equity for children living with chronic health conditions in resource-poor settings. Since 2004, CLAN has collaborated with a broad range of partners across the Asia Pacific region to improve quality of life for children living with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This exploratory case study uses the Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework to analyse CLAN’s activities for children living with CAH in the Asia Pacific. The seven stages of the KTA action cycle inform a systematic examination of comprehensive, collaborative, sustained actions to address a complex health challenge. The KTA framework demonstrates the “how” of CLAN’s approach to knowledge creation and exchange, and the centrality of community development to multisectoral collaborative action across a range of conditions, cultures and countries to redressing child health inequities. This includes a commitment to: affordable access to essential medicines and equipment education, research and advocacy optimisation of medical management encouragement of family support groups efforts to reduce financial burdens and ethical, transparent program management as critical components of success. Improvements in quality of life and health outcomes are achievable for children living with CAH and other chronic health conditions in resource-poor settings. CLAN’s strategic framework for action offers a model for those committed to #LeaveNoChildBehind.
Traditional Human Immunodeficiency Virus treatment and family and social influence as barriers to accessing HIV care services in Belu, Indonesia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-07-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0264462
Abstract: Access to HIV care services, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), is essential for improving health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and reducing HIV transmission and AIDS-related deaths. As a part of a qualitative study in Belu, this paper describes the use of traditional medicines for HIV treatment and family and social influence as barriers to access to HIV care services among PLHIV. One-on-one in-depth interviews were employed to collect data from 46 PLHIV (26 women and 20 men) and 10 healthcare professionals. They were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. The study information sheets were initially posted on information boards in healthcare facilities. Potential participants who contacted to confirm their participation were recruited for an interview and then asked for help to distribute the information sheets to their eligible colleagues who might be willing to participate. Data analysis was performed using NVivo 12 software and guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that the use of traditional medicines, a well-known cultural practice in Belu, was a barrier to access to HIV care services among PLHIV. The influence of family in determining the use of traditional medicines for HIV treatment, supported by the lack of knowledge of ART, effectiveness of traditional medicines in treating other health issues, and social influence of relatives, neighbours, and friends, were also significant barriers to PLHIV’s access to HIV care services. The findings indicate the need for dissemination of HIV care-related information for PLHIV, family, and community members to increase their knowledge of the service, ART and its function, and to support and improve access to HIV care services especially ART by PLHIV.
CJCheck Stage 1: development and testing of a checklist for reporting community juries - Delphi process and analysis of studies published in 1996-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-10-2016
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12493
A realist review of infant feeding counselling to increase exclusive breastfeeding by HIV-positive women in sub Saharan-Africa: what works for whom and in what contexts
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-05-2019
Psychological, sociocultural and economic coping strategies of mothers or female caregivers of children with a disability in Belu district, Indonesia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-05-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251274
Abstract: Caring for children with a disability can cause a range of psychological and socioeconomic challenges for parents and caregivers, such as anxiety, depression, inability to find affordable and appropriate childcare, loss of income and expenses related to disability specific treatment. As part of a study exploring the impacts of childhood disability on mothers or female caregivers and families, and the copy strategies they used, this paper describes strategies employed by mothers or female caregivers to cope with challenges associated with childhood disability within their family in Belu district, Indonesia. A qualitative approach using one-on-one in-depth interviews was used to collect data from participants (n = 22) who were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball s ling techniques. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and imported to NVivo 12 for analysis. A qualitative framework analysis was used to guide data analysis. The conceptual framework of coping strategies guided the conceptualisation and discussion of the findings. The findings showed that active psychological coping strategies, including cognitive or acceptance strategies, knowledge of both health condition and socio-academic related development of children with a disability, and family relationship and support, were used by the participants to cope with psychological challenges facing them. Self-reliance and religious/spiritual coping strategies were also utilised. Sociocultural strategies, such as social withdrawal or disengagement, professional support and culture-based support, were used by the participants to cope with social impacts, stigma, and discrimination associated with childhood disability. Participants also reported using financial strategies such as selling of family assets to cope with the economic challenges. The findings indicate the need for programs and interventions that address the needs of mothers and female caregivers and their families, to assist with effectively managing the significant challenges they face when caring for a child with a disability. Further studies are needed, with a larger number of participants and the inclusion of fathers or male caregivers, in order to better understand the broader coping experience of childhood disability impacts within families.
The safety of anaesthesia delivered by rural generalist anaesthetists: a scoping review of the literature
Publisher: Rural and Remote Health
Date: 02-02-2023
DOI: 10.22605/RRH7358
Psychological and Social Impact of HIV on Women Living with HIV and Their Families in Low- and Middle-Income Asian Countries: A Systematic Search and Critical Review
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-05-2022
Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection adds a significant burden to women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), often leading to severe detrimental impact, not only on themselves, but also on their families and communities. Given that more than half of all people living with HIV globally are females (53%), this review seeks to understand the psychological and social impact of HIV infection on Women Living with HIV (WLHIV) and their families in LMICs in Asia, and the interrelationships between one impact and another. A systematic review was conducted to find literature using the following databases: Medline, PsycINFO, CINAL, Emcare, Scopus and ProQuest. Research articles included in this review were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: conducted in LMICs in Asia, published in English language between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2021, had full text available, involved WLHIV (married and unmarried) and explored the psychological and social impacts of HIV on these women and their families. Critical appraisal tools developed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies, and thematic narrative synthesis was used to analyse the findings. A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that HIV has a range of negative psychological consequences on WLHIV, such as stress, fear, worry, anxiety and depression, as well as social impacts on the women and their families, including stigma, discrimination and family separation. The findings indicate the need for targeted interventions—specific to WLHIV—that address the psychological challenges, stigma and discrimination these women and their families face. These interventions should also incorporate education and sustainable support structures for WLHIV and their families.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practices Toward COVID-19 Prevention Among Healthcare Workers in Tigray, North Ethiopia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-06-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.614321
Abstract: Background: The incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasing in several countries despite that public health measures are put in place. Given that COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease, there is little knowledge about the disease. The present study aims to assess knowledge, perception, and preventive practices toward COVID-19 among health workers in Tigray, North Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals working in public hospitals. Data were collected between April and May 2020. The researchers included 403 participants and recruited them via a simple random s ling technique. To collect data, the researchers prepared a structured questionnaire guided by the WHO survey questions. Data were entered into Epi-info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20.00 for analysis. The researchers applied descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Tables and graphs were used to describe data, and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to determine factors affecting knowledge, perception, and practices toward COVID-19 prevention. Results: Among the participants, 79, 88, and 64.3% of them had adequate knowledge, positive perception, and good practice toward preventing COVID-19, respectively. Besides, 92% of the study participants knew that the COVID-19 virus does not have curative treatment and vaccine. The findings revealed that 55% of the respondents did not use the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) at all times. The result showed that being female [AOR: 2.43, 95% CI (1.50–3.94)] and having a work experience of 2–5 years [AOR: 2.44, 95% CI (1.10–5.39)], news media as a source information [AOR: 7.11, 95% CI (3.07–16.49)], social media as a source information [AOR: 4.59, 95% CI (2.15–9.84)], and governmental website as a source information [AOR: 4.21, 95% CI (2.15–8.27)] were reported as protective factors and being single [AOR: 0.15, 95% CI (0.03–0.75)] was reported as risk factor toward the prevention of COVID-19. Conclusion: Most health workers had adequate knowledge and positive attitude toward COVID-19 nevertheless, a significant proportion of health workers had poor practice toward the prevention of COVID-19, including the use of PPE. Additionally, some groups of health professional showed poor practices of implementing the public health measures, hence the call for them to improve in the prevention and control of COVID-19.
Understanding Barriers to the Access to Healthcare and Rehabilitation Services: A Qualitative Study with Mothers or Female Caregivers of Children with a Disability in Indonesia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-11-2021
Abstract: Accessibility to healthcare and rehabilitation services for children with a disability (CWD) is essential to improving their health and wellbeing. However, access to the services, especially in many settings in developing countries with scarcity of resources, is still limited. As part of a qualitative study exploring impacts of caring for CWD on mothers or female caregivers and their coping strategies, this paper describes barriers for access to healthcare and rehabilitation services for CWD in Belu district, Indonesia. One-on-one, in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 mothers or female caregivers of CWD. Participants were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball s ling techniques. These were supplemented with interviews with two staff of disability rehabilitation centers in Belu to understand any additional barriers. Data analysis was guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. Our analysis identified that lack of affordability of healthcare services (high costs and low financial capacity of mothers) was the key barrier for access to healthcare and rehabilitation services CWD. Religious or faith-based factors, such as being a non-Catholic (Belu is predominantly Catholic), converting from Catholic to other religions, and the belief in children’s disability condition as “God’s will”, were also influencing factors for lack of access to the services. Shortage of staff, distrust in the therapy skills of staff at rehabilitation centers, and unavailability of appropriately trained healthcare professionals were structural or system-related barriers. The findings indicate the need for government-owned and run disability rehabilitation centers (not faith-based), the provision of fully subsidised health insurance to provide free services, and the provision of qualified therapists and healthcare professionals (to build trust) in Belu and other similar settings in Indonesia.
Policy actors' perceptions on applying a SDH approach in child health policy in Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2021
Abstract: Research suggests policy action on the social determinants of health (SDH) is required to reduce child health inequities (HE). However, there has been limited action in this area in Australia. Political will has been identified as a barrier but few public health scholars have conducted research which adopts a political science perspective to explore this issue. This study aims to address this gap in the literature. We conducted 27 semi‐structured interviews with policy actors involved in the development of four Australian child/youth health policies selected as relatively good practice in addressing the SDH and HE. Several political science theories guided the design of the study with the Shiffman and Smith framework predominantly used, and adapted, for analysis. The findings suggest policy development was supported by a cohesive policy network, including credible leaders. Framing of issues varied with early childhood development, health equity, and child rights being clear motivators for change. Policy actors used several tactics to navigate a neoliberal policy environment and promote a SDH agenda including adopting a credible framework consultation with children/youth establishing an institute outside of government engaging medical entrepreneurs and combining a Public Health and Wellbeing Act with a healthy cities approach.
How the Media Places Responsibility for the COVID-19 Pandemic-An Australian Media Analysis.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-08-2020
The Logic of Condom Use in Female Sex Workers in Bali, Indonesia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-03-2020
Abstract: Studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention practices of female sex workers often examine the use of condom as a single behaviour: using or not using condom. This study explores typologies of the logic of condom use as part of exercising meaningful identities from female sex workers’ perspectives. We employed in-depth interviews with a purposely selected 35 female sex workers in Bali, Indonesia. Information from the in-depth interviews was analysed using thematic framework analysis to develop typologies of female sex workers’ experiences on the logic of condom use and its relation to the construction of identity. We identified two main logics for not using condom: the prioritising of financial stability and romantic relationships over condom use. The main logic for using condom was to protect their health in order to improve their future economic security. Embedded within these logics, women chose to practise agency and negotiate meaningful identities consistent with their ideals of being responsible mothers, successful migrant workers and loyal partners. Our study concluded that female sex workers had clear logics for both the use and non-use of condom with their clients, highlighting the rational nature of female sex workers decision making.
Food-system actors’ perspectives on trust: an international comparison
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-02-2019
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to compare the perspectives of actors who contribute to trust in the food system in four high income countries which have erse food incident histories: Australia, New Zealand (NZ), the United Kingdom (UK) and the Island of Ireland (IOI), focussing on their communication with the public, and their approach to food system interrelationships. Data were collected in two separate studies: the first in Australia, NZ and the UK (Study 1) and the second on the IOI (Study 2). In-depth interviews were conducted with media, food industry and food regulatory actors across the four regions ( n =105, Study 1 n =50, Study 2). Analysis focussed on identifying similarities and differences in the perspectives of actors from the four regions regarding the key themes of communication with the public, and relationships between media, industry and regulators. While there were many similarities in the way food system actors from the four regions discussed (re)building trust in the context of a food incident, their perceptions differed in a number of critical ways regarding food system actor use of social media, and the attitudes and approaches towards relationships between food system actors. This paper outlines opportunities for the regions studied to learn from each other when looking for practical strategies to maximise consumer trust in the food system, particularly relating to the use of social media and attitudes towards role definition in industry–regulator relationships.
Ethical use of social media to facilitate qualitative research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-09-2015
Abstract: Increasingly, qualitative health researchers might consider using social media to facilitate communication with participants. Ambiguity surrounding the potential risks intrinsic to social media could hinder ethical conduct and discourage use of this innovative method. We used some core principles of traditional human research ethics, that is, respect, integrity, and beneficence, to design our photo elicitation research that explored the social influences of drinking alcohol among 34 underage women in metropolitan South Australia. Facebook aided our communication with participants, including correspondence ranging from recruitment to feeding back results and sharing research data. This article outlines the ethical issues we encountered when using Facebook to interact with participants and provides guidance to researchers planning to incorporate social media as a tool in their qualitative studies. In particular, we raise the issues of privacy and confidentiality as contemporary risks associated with research using social media.
A Case for Reorienting Health Systems and Investing in Primary Healthcare in Australia.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 31-03-2009
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2009.52
Knowledge translation for public health in low- and middle- income countries: a critical interpretive synthesis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2018
Inequities in access to healthcare: analysis of national survey data across six Asia-Pacific countries
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2013
Developing and Maintaining Public Trust During and Post-COVID-19: Can We Apply a Model Developed for Responding to Food Scares?
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-07-2020
Efficacy of mindfulness and goal setting interventions for increasing resilience and reducing smoking in lower socio-economic groups: randomised controlled trial protocol
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S13722-022-00355-W
Abstract: Smoking and resulting health problems disproportionately impact low socioeconomic status (SES) in iduals. Building resilience presents an approach to ‘closing the gap’. Mindfulness-based interventions and setting realistic goals are preferred in low socioeconomic communities. We aim to test if these interventions, delivered online and consolidated with peer support offered via ex-smokers, are successful in promoting smoking cessation and resilience. Our conceptualisation of resilience encompasses the inner capacity/skills and external resources (e.g., social support) which smokers utilise to bounce back from adversity. We include a process evaluation of barriers/facilitators to interventions and cost-effectiveness analysis (from health system perspective). We plan a four-arm parallel 12-month RCT with a 6-month follow-up to test the efficacy of three group-based interventions each followed by peer support. Arm 1: mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavioural therapy Arm 2: mindfulness training Arm 3: setting realistic goals Arm 4: active control group directed to quit services. All interventions will be administered online. Participants are adult smokers in Australia (N = 812) who have an average weekly household income less than $457AUD or receive welfare benefits. Group-based interventions will occur over 6 months, followed by 6 months of forum-based peer support. Primary outcome: self-reported 14-day period prevalence of smoking abstinence at 6 months, with remote biochemical verification of saliva cotinine ( 30 ng/mL). Secondary outcomes include: internal resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-25) external resilience (ENRICHD social support tool) quality adjusted life years (EQ-5D-5L) self-efficacy for smoking abstinence (Smoking-Abstinence Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) motivation to quit smoking (Biener and Abrams Contemplation Ladder) nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency) equanimity (Equanimity Scale-16) stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) goal assessment/attainment (Problems and Goals Assessment Scale). This study is the first to compare resilience interventions for low SES smokers which have been identified by them as acceptable. Our various repeated measures and process evaluation will facilitate exploration of mechanisms of impact. We intervene within the novel framework of the Psychosocial Model of Resilience, applying a promising paradigm to address a critical and inequitable public health problem. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID: ACTRN12621000445875, registered 19 April 2021 ( anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=381007& isReview=true ). The Universal Trial Number is U1111-1261–8951
Editorial: COVID-19-Social Science Research During a Pandemic
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-05-2022
Mental health challenges and the associated factors in HIV-positive women who have children living with HIV in Indonesia: A qualitative study
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 11-05-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.09.22274877
Abstract: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are vulnerable to various mental health challenges. However, there is a paucity of studies globally and in the Indonesian context that have specifically explored mental health challenges among HIV-positive mothers who also have children living with HIV (CLHIV). This qualitative study explored mental health challenges and the associated factors in HIV-positive mothers with CLHIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In-depth interviews were employed to collect data from the participants (n=23) who were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. A qualitative data analysis framework was used to guide the analysis of the findings. The findings showed that the mothers experienced a range of mental health issues due to their own, and their child’s diagnosis stress, depression, anxiety, fear, sadness, and guilt. Lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of death, shame, not knowing whom to talk with and what to do after their own HIV diagnosis, and the HIV diagnosis of their children were factors that challenged their mental health. Difficulties in dealing with daily life or social activities of their CLHIV, dilemma in addressing questions and complaints of their CLHIV about HIV treatment, and concerns about the health condition of their CLHIV and how their children cope with any potential negative social impacts also impacted the mothers’ mental health. Social factors such as unsympathetic expressions from friends towards them and their CLHIV and negatively worded religious-related advice from parents and relatives also contributed to their poor mental health. Our findings indicate the need for intervention programs that support HIV-positive mothers and their CLHIV. Future large-scale studies involving HIV-positive mothers with CLHIV in Indonesia and other settings globally are needed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of mental health challenges and the associated factors they face.
How does social class shape women's alcohol stockpiling during COVID-19?: A qualitative study in South Australia during the 2020 lockdown
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
The psychosocial and economic impacts on female caregivers and families caring for children with a disability in Belu District, Indonesia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-11-2020
Improving Access to, Use of, and Outcomes from Public Health Programs: The Importance of Building and Maintaining Trust with Patients/Clients
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-03-2017
Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Differential associations between actual and expected GP practice prescribing rates for statins, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers: a cross-sectional study in England
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Health researchers’ attitudes towards public involvement in health research
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-05-2009
Critical perspectives on ‘consumer involvement’ in health research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-12-2009
Abstract: Researchers in the area of health and social care (both in Australia and internationally) are encouraged to involve consumers throughout the research process, often on ethical, political and methodological grounds, or simply as ‘good practice’. This article presents findings from a qualitative study in the UK of researchers’ experiences and views of consumer involvement in health research. Two main themes are presented. First, we explore the ‘know—do gap’ which relates to the tensions between researchers’ perceptions of the potential benefits of, and their actual practices in relation to, consumer involvement. Second, we focus on one of the reasons for this ‘know—do gap’, namely epistemological dissonance. Findings are linked to issues around consumerism in research, lay rofessional knowledges, the (re)production of professional and consumer identities and the maintenance of boundaries between consumers and researchers.
A critical food system program in South Australia and the effects on consumer knowledge and attitudes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.370
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of food system literacy on knowledge and attitudes of food consumers. A 2‐week online course critically discussed the food system through three lenses of environmental sustainability, equity and health. Participants were randomly allocated into one Control and two Intervention groups (A & B). Data collection was by online questionnaire pre‐ and postintervention, addressing self‐perceived food system knowledge, attitudes towards food purchasing behaviours, demographic characteristics and course evaluation. Differences in knowledge and attitude scores between Control and Intervention groups were assessed. Subjects were staff and students of Flinders University in South Australia. Forty‐seven participants completed the course. The completion rate was 71.2%. Knowledge about the food system improved significantly for both Intervention groups when compared to the Control group ( P ≤ 0.001). Although attitudes towards food purchasing behaviours also improved significantly for both Intervention groups ( P 0.001 and P = 0.005 for Interventions A and B respectively), the improvements were not significant when compared to the Control group ( P = 0.065 and P = 0.43 for Interventions A and B respectively). The online methodology received positive feedback from participants. This 2‐week online food system course showed that the pedagogy was appropriate and successful in improving self‐perceived knowledge and attitudes towards food consumption. It provides encouraging indications of the potential of food system literacy to empower citizens to make healthier as well as, more environmentally and socially sustainable food choices.
Integrated care in cancer: What is it, how is it used and where are the gaps? A textual narrative literature synthesis.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-04-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12689
Abstract: Integrated care is an underpinning concept of contemporary health care policy proffered as a strategy to overcome the fragmentations in care encountered by people with complex care needs (Shaw et al. [2011] What is Integrated Care? An Overview of Integrated Care in the NHS). Cancer patients have potential to benefit from such policy, often having needs that extend beyond cancer. This paper seeks to understand how the concept of integrated care is used in the cancer literature. A search of leading databases was conducted for original research relating to integrated care or an integration intervention aiming to improve outcomes of cancer patients, and analysed using textual narrative synthesis. 38 papers were included, each with a focus on improving cancer-specific aspects of care enhancing the capabilities of the cancer multidisciplinary team. Of the eight studies involving integration between the cancer service and other care providers, all focused on utilising the external provider to deliver aspects of cancer care or placed them in a passive role, as survey participant, a recipient of cancer-related clinical information or as the comparator "usual care" arm. Within the cancer literature, integration is predominantly used to describe initiatives to improve cancer-related aspects of care. Less attention is given to integration initiatives that enhance coordination across levels of the healthcare system or service providers.
Appropriateness measurement: application to advice-giving in community pharmacies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00458-X
Abstract: Awareness of variations in the delivery of medical care has resulted in considerable research activity focused on developing measures to assess the appropriateness of health service provision both internationally and within Great Britain. As in other areas of health service provision there is evidence of variation in advice provided alongside sales of non-prescription medicines and variation in response to requests for advice about the treatment of minor ailments within community pharmacies in Great Britain. However, there is little research which has explored the extensive methodological problems associated with developing criteria to assess the appropriateness of these-two activities. Following a critical review of relevant existing research, this paper describes a methodology and empirical findings from a study which aimed to develop criteria to measure the appropriateness of advice provided in community pharmacies. Firstly, details of advice-giving episodes occurring between consumers and pharmacists or medicines counter assistants were captured and documented using a combination of audio tape-recording and non-participant observation. Secondly, the nominal group technique was used to develop a set of explicit criteria for assessing the appropriateness of advice. Thirdly, an assessment instrument was developed in order to operationalise the criteria. The devised criteria include both process and output components. We discuss the utility of these criteria in relation to developments in self-medication practice affecting community pharmacy and the deregulation of medicines within the UK. The criteria have been subject to rigorous statistical testing to establish standards of validity and reliability (Ward, Bissell & Noyce, 2000a [Ward, P. R., Bissell, P. & Noyce, P. R. (2000a). Criteria for assessing non-prescription drug therapy in community pharmacy, Annals of Pharmacotherapy (in press).]). The developed criteria will allow us to identify dimensions of both appropriate and inappropriate advice provided in community pharmacies and provide the basis for education and training initiatives identified as a result of the research. In addition, we suggest that this research is highly relevant to informing the content, structure and operationalisation of protocols and/or guidelines associated with the management of minor ailments and the sale of medicines through community pharmacies.
Equity of colorectal cancer screening: which groups have inequitable participation and what can we do about it?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/PY11055
Abstract: The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) offers population-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) across Australia. The aims of this paper were to highlight the inequities in CRC screening in South Australia (SA) and the system-related barriers and enablers to CRC screening from the perspective of participants identified as having inequitable participation. First, de-identified data for the SA population of the NBCSP were statistically analysed and then mapped. Second, 117 in-depth interviews were conducted with culturally and linguistically erse (CALD) groups, Indigenous and Anglo-Saxon Australians. Participation rates in the NBCSP were geographically and statistically significantly different (P 0.0001) on the basis of gender (higher for women), age (higher for older people) and socioeconomic status (higher for more affluent people). The main system-related barriers were the lack of awareness of CRC or CRC screening within these groups, the problems with language due to most of the information being in English and the lack of recommendation by a doctor. This study revealed that inequity exists in the NBCSP participation in SA, and we identified both barriers and facilitators to CRC screening that require action at the level of both policy and practice. There is a large role in primary health care of both recommending CRC screening and facilitating equitable participation.
Consumer faith: An exploration of trust in food and the impact of religious dietary norms and certification
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2013
Awareness, perceptions, and preventive practices of COVID-19 among health workers in Tigray, North Ethiopia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2022
Post-Migration Stressors and Mental Health for African Migrants in South Australia: A Qualitative Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-06-2022
Abstract: We conducted a qualitative study involving African migrants (n = 20) and service providers (n = 10) in South Australia to explore mental health stressors, access to mental health services and how to improve mental health services for African migrant populations. This paper presents the views and experiences of African migrants about the post-migration stressors they faced in resettlement that pose mental health challenges. The participants were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. To align with the COVID-19 pandemic protocol, the data collection was conducted using one-on-one online interviews through Zoom or WhatsApp video calls. Data analysis was guided by the framework analysis. The post-migration stressors, including separation from family members and significant others, especially spouses, imposed significant difficulties on care provision and in managing children’s attitudes and behavior-related troubles at school. African cultural practices involving the community, especially elders in care provision and disciplining children, were not consistent with Australian norms, compounding the mental health stressors for all involved. The African cultural norms, that do not allow young unmarried people to live together, also contributed to child–parent conflicts, enhancing parental mental stressors. Additionally, poor economic conditions and employment-related difficulties were post-migration stressors that the participants faced. The findings indicate the need for policy and intervention programs that address the above challenges. The provision of interventions, including social support such as subsidized or free childcare services, could help leverage their time and scheduled paid employment, creating time for effective parenting and improving their mental health and wellbeing. Future studies exploring what needs to be achieved by government and non-governmental institutions to support enhanced access to social and employment opportunities for the African migrant population are also recommended.
Experiences of women undergoing abdominoplasty in the public sector: a qualitative study
Publisher: Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons
Date: 31-03-2022
Abstract: Introduction: This study was designed to improve understanding of the experiences of women un-dergoing abdominoplasty in a public hospital setting, including their experience of processes of care, surgical treatment and outcomes of surgery. Methods: This was a prospective, qualitative study, with one-to-one interviews with women, tran-scription of interviews and development of themes. Results: Twenty interviews were carried out with 16 women, with four women being interviewed before and after surgery and the remaining 12 being interviewed one time only. Messages emerging from the interviews included gratitude for treatment in the public sector, uncertainty associated with waiting times and surgeon allocation, and varied satisfaction with outcomes. This article also explores the evidence for the association between physical symptoms and rectus diastasis (separa-tion of the rectus abdominis muscles) as well as mental health improvement. Conclusion: Women undergoing abdominoplasty in the public sector are not a homogenous group, either in their motivations for surgery or their reported outcomes. This qualitative study found evidence for improvement in physical symptoms and psychological wellbeing in women undergoing abdominoplasty, which supports existing quantitative studies, but also highlights a need for clear information for public sector patients, especially relating to scars, and for liaison psy-chiatry. Criteria-based assessment contributes an additional burden for these patients.
In the interest of food safety: A qualitative study investigating communication and trust between food regulators and food industry in the UK, Australia and New Zealand
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2017
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study of Patients With Chronic Illnesses
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-12-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.628623
Abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed a serious risk with pre-existing health conditions. This study was conducted to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning COVID-19 among patients with chronic illnesses in Bangladesh during the pandemic. The study was conducted in Khulna city of Bangladesh following a qualitative research design. We employed telephone interviews to collect data from 40 participants with four common pre-existing chronic illnesses (diabetes, hypertension, respiratory/asthma, and heart disease). Findings show that the majority of the participants had a moderate level of knowledge and an overall positive attitude regarding COVID-19 but appropriate safety practices were often ignored as the pandemic grows older. We also observed that the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 varied based on age, marital status, education, social class, and rural/urban residence. We concluded that improving medical advice/support, promotion of awareness through mass media, strict monitoring of protective measures and subsidies from the government, and self-consciousness could be effective strategies to mitigate the transmission of the disease and reduce risks for patients with chronic illness in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investigating Patient Trust in Doctors: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Out-Patient Departments in Fiji
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-10-2021
Abstract: Despite evidence on the positive impact of trust in a doctor-patient relationship on health outcomes, there are limited studies conducted in Pacific Island Countries including Fiji. This study was conducted to assess the current level of patient trust in doctors and investigate its determinants in Fiji. Method: A random s le of 410 participants attending the outpatient services completed the self-administered structured questionnaire. The response rate was 91% (N=375) and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytic analysis using logistic regression. Result: Mean age of participants was 38years (±15yrs). The majority of patients had partial trust in their doctors compared to full trust (61.6% vs 38.4%). More than half of the participants perceived doctor’s communication behavior as fair rather than good (53.6% vs 45.6%). Those over 50 years (OR 1.96 p=0.007, 95% CI: 1.198–3.226) and those who perceived doctors’ communication behavior as good (OR 8.48 p=0.0001, 95% CI: 5.257–13.709) were significantly more likely to have full trust in the doctors. Conclusion: This study reveals that age and communication are determinants of trust in Fiji. In view of the current perception of the doctors’ communication behavior, Fiji’s Ministry of Health and Medical Services should implement policies to give equal importance to the communication skills of the doctors together with their clinical skills and enforce it in the medical schools.
The Alcohol Industry, Neo-liberalism and the political economy of health
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 31-03-2009
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2009.51
Short horizons and obesity futures: disjunctures between public health interventions and everyday temporalities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2015.01.026
Abstract: This paper examines the spatio-temporal disjuncture between 'the future' in public health obesity initiatives and the embodied reality of eating. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork in a disadvantaged community in South Australia (August 2012-July 2014), we argue that the future oriented discourses of managing risk employed in obesity prevention programs have limited relevance to the immediacy of poverty, contingencies and survival that mark people's day to day lives. Extending Bourdieu's position that temporality is a central feature of practice, we develop the concept of short horizons to offer a theoretical framework to articulate the tensions between public health imperatives of healthy eating, and local 'tastes of necessity'. Research undertaken at the time of Australia's largest obesity prevention program (OPAL) demonstrates that pre-emptive and risk-based approaches to health can fail to resonate when the future is not within easy reach. Considering the lack of evidence for success of obesity prevention programs, over-reliance on appeals to 'the future' may be a major challenge to the design, operationalisation and success of interventions. Attention to local rather than future horizons reveals a range of innovative strategies around everyday food and eating practices, and these capabilities need to be understood and supported in the delivery of obesity interventions. We argue, therefore, that public health initiatives should be located in the dynamics of a living present, tailored to the particular, localised spatio-temporal perspectives and material circumstances in which people live.
Magnitude and predictors of HIV-Drug resistance in Africa: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-04-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0267159
Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is continued to be a major public health problem in low-income countries and more importantly in Africa. For the last decade, access to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and its impact in improving quality of life and reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality has significantly been improved in Africa. Nevertheless, the emergency of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has posed challenges in achieving optimal ART treatment outcomes and is alarmingly increasing globally in general and in Africa in particular. Comprehensive epidemiological data on the magnitude of HIVDR and HIVDR mutations, and predictors of HIVDR are, however, limited in Africa. The main objective of this systematic review will be to estimate the pooled proportion of HIVDR and HIVDR mutations, and identify factors associated with HIVDR among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in Africa. Published Literature from 2000 until 30 October 2021 will be searched in PubMed/Medline Ovid, HINARI, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane electronic databases. Initially, the literature will be screened based on title/abstract and followed by full-text appraisal for methodological quality using JBI critical appraisal tools. Data will be extracted from eligible articles after the full-text appraisal. Heterogeneity will be qualitatively assessed by a visual Funnel plot and quantitatively measured by an index of heterogeneity (I 2 statistics). Random-effects model will be fitted to estimate the proportion of HIVDR and each HIVDR mutations. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to reduce heterogeneity. Meta-regression will be done by median year of s ling per study to observe the pattern of changes over time. Publication bias will be assessed by egger’s statistics. In case of publication bias, Trim and Fill analysis will be conducted to overcome small-study effect. Data analysis will be performed using Stata version 14. As the data sources are published papers, the protocol will not require an ethical approval letter. The final report of the review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
“Our Tradition Our Enemy”: A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Women’s HIV Care in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-01-2020
Abstract: Evidence exists that suggests that women are vulnerable to negative HIV treatment outcomes worldwide. This study explored barriers to treatment outcomes of women in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. We interviewed 11 HIV patients, 9 health workers, 10 community advocates and 5 HIV program managers from 10 institutions using an in-depth interview guide designed to probe barriers to HIV care at in idual, community, healthcare provider, and government policy levels. To systematically analyze the data, we applied a thematic framework analysis using NVivo. In total, 35 participants were involved in the study and provided the following interrelated barriers: (i) Availability— most women living in rural areas who accessed HIV cared less often than men (ii) free antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expensive—most women who have low income and who live in urban areas sold ART drugs illegally to cover ART associated costs (iii) fear of being seen by others—negative consequences of HIV related stigma was higher in women than men (iv) the role of tradition—the dominance of patriarchy was found to be the primary barrier to women’s HIV care and treatment outcomes. In conclusion, barriers related to culture or tradition constrain women’s access to HIV care. Therefore, policies and strategies should focus on these contextual constrains.
Changes in the HIV continuum of care following expanded access to HIV testing and treatment in Indonesia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-09-2020
‘The Unhealthy Other’: How vaccine rejecting parents construct the vaccinating mainstream
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2018.01.076
Abstract: To address the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy and rejection, researchers increasingly recognise the need to engage with the social context of parents' decision-making. This study examines how vaccine rejecting parents socially construct the vaccinating mainstream in opposition to themselves. We analyse qualitative data from interviews with parents in Adelaide, South Australia. Applying insights from Social Identity Theory (SIT), we show how these parents bolster their own sense of identity and self-belief by employing a discourse that casts vaccinators as an Unhealthy Other. We demonstrate how the parents identify vaccination as a marker of parental conformity to the 'toxic practices of mass industrial society', linking it to other ways in which membership of the consumerist mainstream requires in iduals to 'neglect their health.' This is explored through themes of appearance, diet, (over) consumption of pharmaceuticals, inadequate parenting values and wilful or misguided ignorance. This construction of the Unhealthy Other elevates the self-concept of vaccine hesitant and rejecting parents, who see themselves as part of an enlightened, but constantly besieged, group of healthy and virtuous parents. It is common for the vaccinating mainstream to present vaccine hesitant and rejecting parents as a group subject to epistemic closure, groupthink, confirmation bias and over-confidence in their own expertise. However, vaccine hesitant and rejecting parents also see mainstream society as a group-a much larger one-subject to the same problems. We suggest the need to mitigate the 'groupness' of vaccination and non-vaccination by extending the practice of vaccination to recognisable practitioners of holistic health.
The Established Acute Surgical Unit: A reduction in nighttime appendicectomy without increased morbidity
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJSU.2017.05.045
Abstract: Nighttime surgery for non-life threatening disease has been associated with poorer outcomes, but delaying surgery for acute appendicitis may also be detrimental. The aim was to assess the effect of the Acute Surgical Unit [ASU] model on nighttime surgery rates and outcomes for patients undergoing appendicectomy. A retrospective review of medical records of patients having an appendicectomy. Primary outcomes were nighttime surgery rate, time from presentation to surgery, perforation rate, complication rate and length of stay. There was a large increase in workload: Pre ASU 278, Early ASU 553 and Est. ASU 923. There was a significant decrease in nighttime surgery rates: Pre ASU 46.9%, Early ASU 30.2% and Established ASU 28.3% (Pre vs. Early p < 0.001 Pre vs. Est. p < 0.001 Early vs. Est p = 0.004). When comparing the Pre ASU and Established ASU groups there was an increase in mean time from presentation to surgery (Pre 14.43 Hrs, Est. 18.65 Hrs p = 0.001), an increase in perforation rate that was not significant (Pre 9.8%, Est. 14.2% p = 0.05) and similar complication rates (Pre 8.66%, Est. 7.04% p = 0.37). There was a significant decrease in length of stay between the Early and Established ASU groups (Pre 3.1 D, Est. 2.8D, p = 0.01). At our institution there was no statistically significant increase in complications for patients undergoing nighttime appendicectomy (Night 10.0%, Day 8.2% p = 0.16). There was a significant decrease in nighttime surgery, without any difference in morbidity or length of stay for patients treated within the Established ASU (compared to Pre ASU group). IIb.
Uncertainty, Fear and Control During COVID-19 … or … Making a Safe Boat to Survive Rough Seas: The Lived Experience of Women in South Australia During Early COVID-19 Lockdowns
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Young children's health and wellbeing across the transition to school: A critical interpretive synthesis
Publisher: The Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare
Date: 29-04-2016
DOI: 10.1017/CHA.2016.4
Abstract: This paper reports on the systematic search and review of the literature relating to the health and wellbeing of young children across the transition to school. It identified 56 papers (including empirical studies, reviews, commentaries, and reports) relevant to the research questions and completed an interpretive systematic review to ascertain the current state of the literature. The review employed the Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS) method to allow for a rigorous and systematic review of a disparate literature which stretches across several disciplines. The findings are presented in seven thematic categories: current conceptualisations of health and wellbeing, assessment and measurement, ‘school readiness’, service integration, transition actors, ‘at risk’ children, and child voice. These findings illustrate the ways in which concepts have been constructed, identified, and operationalised in early years research, practice, and policy. Moreover, it highlights that ‘what is known’ can be used to inform the review or implementation of services, practices, and partnerships that support child health and wellbeing during the transition to school.
Moral Fiber: Breakfast as a Symbol of 'A Good Start' in an Australian Obesity Intervention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2016.1209752
Abstract: What are the symbolic meanings of breakfast in the context of one of Australia's largest childhood obesity intervention programs? Utilizing a range of theoretical insights into the morality of food and eating and the anthropology of food, we trace how breakfast is packaged and promoted to families in an Australian community as a 'healthy start' to the day. Through ethnographic and historic investigation, we argue that eating breakfast and certain types of breakfast foods are symbolic of a classed, healthy lifestyle pattern, embodying parental knowledge and bodily regulation to routinely structure daily life. In communities where poverty and unemployment are harsh realities, well-intentioned programs that encourage people to eat a healthy breakfast are encoded with an assemblage of moral values-of knowledge, foods, families, and times and spaces-that are often difficult to reconcile with the wider sociocultural context in which many people live.
Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 03-2022
Monitoring the 'diabetes epidemic': A framing analysis of United Kingdom print news 1993-2013
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-01-2020
Testing delay in an environment of low COVID-19 prevalence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Discontinuation from Antiretroviral Therapy: A Continuing Challenge among Adults in HIV Care in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-01-2017
Influence of meat and bone meal, phytase, and antibiotics on broiler chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 1. growth performance, intestinal pH, apparent ileal digestibility, cecal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
What are the important issues around food safety and nutrition? Findings from a media analysis and qualitative study of consumer trust
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2010.202
Migrants and Service Providers’ Perspectives of Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Services in South Australia: A Case of African Migrants with a Refugee Background in South Australia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-08-2021
Abstract: International mobility has increased steadily in recent times, bringing along a myriad of health, social and health system challenges to migrants themselves and the host nations. Mental health issues have been identified as a significant problem among migrants, with poor accessibility and underutilisation of the available mental health services (MHSs) repeatedly reported, including in Australia. Using a qualitative inquiry and one-on-one in-depth interviews, this study explored perspectives of African migrants and service providers on barriers to accessing MHSs among African migrants in South Australia. The data collection took place during the COVID-19 pandemic with lockdown and other measures to combat the pandemic restricting face to face meetings with potential participants. Online platforms including Zoom and/or WhatsApp video calls were used to interview 20 African migrants and 10 service providers. Participants were recruited from community groups and/or associations, and organisations providing services for migrants and/or refugees in South Australia using the snowball s ling technique. Thematic framework analysis was used to guide the data analysis. Key themes centred on personal factors (health literacy including knowledge and the understanding of the health system, and poor financial condition), structural factors related to difficulties in navigating the complexity of the health system and a lack of culturally aware service provision, sociocultural and religious factors, mental health stigma and discrimination. The findings provide an insight into the experiences of African migrants of service provision to them and offer suggestions on how to improve these migrants’ mental health outcomes in Australia. Overcoming barriers to accessing mental health services would need a wide range of strategies including education on mental health, recognising variations in cultures for effective service provision, and addressing mental health stigma and discrimination which strongly deter service access by these migrants. These strategies will facilitate help-seeking behaviours as well as effective provision of culturally safe MHSs and improvement in access to MHSs among African migrants.
Changing Families, Changing Food -- Making healthy families?
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2009
Lifestyle Interventions through Participatory Research: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Alcohol and Other Breast Cancer Behavioural Risk Factors
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-01-2022
Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women globally. Sex and advancing age represent the dominant risk factors, with strong evidence of alcohol as a modifiable risk factor. The carcinogenic nature of alcohol has been known for over twenty years however, this has failed to translate into significant behavioural, practice, or policy change. As a result, women have not benefitted from this research and, by extension, have been exposed to unnecessary breast cancer risk. Participatory research presents a solution to research translation in public health through the collaboration of impacted populations with academics in research. This systematic review examines peer-reviewed research studies where participants were involved in the research process and the outcomes related to breast cancer prevention (either alcohol or broader lifestyle modification). Seven of the eight studies reported positive effects, and the collaboration between academic researchers and impacted populations may have supported positive outcomes. Women were receptive and responsive to participatory approaches, and their participation is important to address socially entrenched behaviours such as alcohol consumption. Participatory research presents opportunities for future interventions to improve (or address) modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
Effectiveness of educational intervention on breast cancer knowledge and breast self-examination among female university students in Bangladesh: a pre-post quasi-experimental study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12885-022-09311-Y
Abstract: Breast cancer is a global health issue and a leading cause of death among women. Early detection through increased awareness and knowledge on breast cancer and breast cancer screening is thus crucial. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of an educational intervention program on breast cancer knowledge and the practice of breast self-examination among young female students of a university in Bangladesh. A quasi-experimental (pre-post) study design was conducted at Jahangirnagar University in Bangladesh. Educational information on breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE), demonstration of BSE procedure and leaflets were distributed among 400 female students after obtaining written informed consent. The stepwise procedures of BSE performance were demonstrated with images. Pre-intervention and 15 days post-intervention assessments were conducted to assess the changes in knowledge on breast cancer and practices of BSE. Mc-Nemar’s tests and paired s led t -tests were performed to investigate the differences between pre- and post-test stages. A total of 400 female university students aged 18-26 years were included in the s le. Significant changes were found in knowledge and awareness about breast cancer and BSE practices after the educational intervention. The significant differences were measured in the mean scores of pre-test vs. post-test: breast cancer symptoms (2.99 ± 1.05 vs. 6.35 ± 1.15 p 0.001), risk factors (3.35 ± 1.19 vs. 7.56 ± 1.04 p 0.001), treatment (1.79 ± 0.90 vs. 4.63 ± 0.84 p 0.001), prevention (3.82 ± 1.32 vs. 7.14 ± 1.03 p 0.001), screening of breast cancer (1.82 ± 0.55 vs. 3.98 ± 0.71 p 0.001) and process of BSE (1.57 ± 1.86 vs. 3.94 ± 0.93 p 0.001). Likewise, a significant percentage of change in BSE practices was obtained between pre-test and post-test (21.3% vs. 33.8% p 0.001). Study findings confirm that the study population had inadequate awareness and knowledge at baseline which was improved significantly after educational intervention. A nationwide roll-out with community-based interventions is recommended for the female population in both rural and urban areas.
Differentiating between trust and dependence of patients with coronary heart disease: furthering the sociology of trust
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
Defining cosmetic surgery
Publisher: Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons
Date: 17-01-2018
Abstract: An agreed definition for cosmetic surgery would be helpful for the purposes of discourse on ethics, patient safety, healthcare policy and health economics. One of the problems with previous attempts at developing a definition is the narrow frame of reference and lack of engagement with the full spectrum of academics and stakeholders. This review brings together the sociological as well as the surgical literature on the topic of cosmetic surgery and examines societal, ethical and healthcare aspects. It outlines principles of constructing a definition and presents a provisional definition for further debate, namely: Cosmetic surgery is defined, for the purposes of a healthcare payer, as any invasive procedure where the primary intention is to achieve what the patient perceives to be a more desirable appearance and where the procedure involves changes to bodily features that have a normal appearance on presentation to the doctor. In contrast, surgery performed with the goal of achieving a normal appearance, where bodily features have an abnormal appearance on presentation due to congenital defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma, infections, tumours or disease does not fall under the definition of cosmetic surgery. It is a given that “normal appearance” is a subjective notion. Determining whether patients have a normal or abnormal appearance on presentation will rely on the clinical assessment of the treating doctor.
Student Perspectives on the Reasons for Physical Violence in a Thai Vocational College: An Exploratory Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-11-2015
The impact of HIV on women living with HIV and their families in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 16-04-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.16.22273930
Abstract: HIV infection adds a significant burden to women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), often leading to severe detrimental impact, not only on themselves, but also on their families and communities. Given that more than half of all people living with HIV globally are females (53%), this review seeks to understand the impact of HIV infection on women living with HIV (WLHIV) and their families in LMICs, and the interrelationships between one impact and another. A systematic review was conducted to find literature using the following databases: Medline, PsycINFO, CINAL, Emcare, Scopus and ProQuest. Research articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: conducted in LMICs, published in English language between January 1 st 1990 and October 31 st 2021, had full text available, involved WLHIV (married and unmarried), and focused on the impact of HIV on these women and their families. Critical appraisal tools developed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies and thematic narrative synthesis was used to analyse the findings. A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that HIV has a range of negative consequences on WLHIV and their families including: (i) psychological impact, (ii) poor physical health and intimate partner violence, (iii) social impact, and (iv) economic impact. The findings indicate the need for targeted interventions, specific to WLHIV, that address the inequity and discrimination they face. These interventions should also incorporate education and sustainable support structures for WLHIV and their families.
Patterns and risk factors of inconsistent condom use among men who have sex with men in Viet Nam: Results from an Internet-based cross-sectional survey
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-09-2014
DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2014.948481
Abstract: Survey data from men who have sex with men (MSM) in Asian cities indicate drastic increases in HIV prevalence. It is unknown which factors are most important in driving these epidemics. The objective of this study was to identify patterns of condom use among MSM Internet users living in Viet Nam, as well as risk factors associated with inconsistent condom use and non-condom use. A national Internet-based survey of sexual behaviours was administered in 2011. Results showed that 44.9% of MSM reported not using a condom during their last anal sex encounter with a male partner. MSM were less likely to report condom use during anal sex with long-term partners than with casual partners. Twenty-three and a half per cent of MSM surveyed had ever taken an HIV test and received the results. Study findings highlight the urgent need for targeted strategies focused on increasing the rate of consistent condom use during anal sex with male partners among MSM in Viet Nam.
Trust makers, breakers and brokers: Building trust in the Australian food system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2013
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-01-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12916-020-01876-4
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on in idual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and erging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths.
A model for (re)building consumer trust in the food system
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-04-2016
Risk, responsibility and negative responses: A qualitative study of parental trust in childhood vaccinations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-10-2018
Quantitative analysis of bariatric procedure trends 2001-13 in South Australia: Implications for equity in access and public healthcare expenditure
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/AH14140
Abstract: Objectives The aims of the present study were to: (1) identify trends in bariatric surgery in South Australia (SA) from 2001 to 2013 and (2) compare public and private hospitals, and so discuss the implications of these trends as they relate to equity in access to bariatric procedures and public system healthcare expenditure. Methods An analysis of retrospective data of all bariatric procedures in public and private hospitals in SA was conducted using all SA public and private hospital administrative records between 2001 and 2013. Results Of all procedures conducted in SA, 22.6% were revisions or reversals. The number of revisions or reversals conducted in SA has increased at a rate higher than weight loss procedures (6.4- vs 3.8-fold increase). An increasing proportion of public surgeries are revisions or reversals of weight loss procedures that occurred outside of the SA public system (interstate or in the private system). Conclusion Further investigation is necessary to identify the pathways patients navigate to access bariatric surgery, the utilisation of public services following private procedures and why rates of revisions or reversals of bariatric procedures are increasing in SA. What is known about the topic? Rates of bariatric surgery are increasing internationally as a treatment for obesity. What does this paper add? Trends in bariatric procedures in SA have not been published. We have identified that: (1) rates of bariatric revisions or reversals in SA far surpass the rate at which bariatric weight loss procedures are increasing (2) rates of revisions or reversals are increasing in public hospitals and (3) an increasing number of the revision or reversal procedures in public hospitals are for weight loss procedures that have occurred outside the public system. What are the implications for practitioners? The data have implications for practitioners caring for patients interested in undergoing bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity. The data suggest that rates of revisions or reversals are increasing in public hospitals, which suggests that further information is needed regarding the effectiveness of weight loss procedures and the implications of revision or reversal increases on waiting times for patients seeking weight loss treatment in a system with limited resources.
Factors associated with discontinuation of anti-retroviral therapy among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: a systematic review protocol
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2016
Exploring the equity of GP practice prescribing rates for selected coronary heart disease drugs: a multiple regression analysis with proxies of healthcare need
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2005
Health care rationing
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1997
DOI: 10.1177/095148489701000105
Abstract: Explicit rationing decisions are being made to encompass a wide range of health care issues. Voluntary euthanasia has largely been excluded from this debate due to, in my view, the emotive nature of the issue. Euthanasia is an issue in which economists have been largely excluded and in which ethicists and philosophers dominate. It is the purpose of this paper to review the economic and ethical literature on euthanasia and to discuss their compatibility within the debate on euthanasia. The potential cost savings by the use of advance directives, do-not-resuscitate orders, and futile care withdrawal are then reviewed, as are the potential cost savings created by hospice care. As a conclusion, the ethical and economic arguments are then balanced to assess their compatibility. It is the contention of this paper that reducing medical care costs near the end of life should not be a taboo subject, and that rationing decisions could focus on an exploration of this area and the approaches to it, which are ethically justifiable and economically worthwhile. The introduction of a policy of voluntary euthanasia could have a large impact on the rationing of health care resources whilst also promoting patient choice and an arena for a more dignified death.
Incidence and predictors of severe adverse drug reaction among patients on antiretroviral therapy in tigray, ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S310419
Are GP practice prescribing rates for coronary heart disease drugs equitable? A cross sectional analysis in four primary care trusts in England
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2004
DOI: 10.1136/JECH.58.2.89
Abstract: To analyse the associations between proxies of healthcare need and GP practice prescribing rates for five major coronary heart disease (CHD) drug groups. Cross sectional secondary analysis. Four primary care trusts (PCTs 1-4) in the north west of England, encompassing 132 GP practices. Prescribing rates were generally positively associated with the percentage of patients aged 55-74 years and PASS-PUs (regionally specific prevalence, age, and sex standardised prescribing units). However, the percentage of patients aged over 75 years showed a lack of association with prescribing rates in all PCTs other than PCT2. Correlations with the proportion of South Asian patients were generally negative, particularly in PCT2, PCT4, and the combined dataset. There was a general lack of association with deprivation proxies and SMRs for CHD, although there were negative associations with both variables in PCT4 and the combined dataset. Scatter plots showed that GP practices with similar prescribing rates had widely differing levels of comparative healthcare need, and GP practices with similar levels of healthcare need had widely differing prescribing rates. GP prescribing rates in some PCTs were negatively associated with proxies of healthcare need based on patient age (patients aged over 75 years), ethnicity, levels of deprivation, and SMRs for CHD. As such, this study suggests that prescribing rates in these PCTs may be inequitable as they are not positively associated with healthcare need. This study may form the baseline for further studies to assess the effectiveness of the NSF for CHD in reducing the inequities in prescribing rates.
Does prognosis and socioeconomic status impact on trust in physicians? Interviews with patients with coronary disease in South Australia: Table 1
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2012
Alcohol Consumption and Perceptions of Health Risks During COVID-19
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-04-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.616870
Abstract: Australian women's alcohol consumption has increased in frequency during COVID-19. Research suggests this is to cope with stress resulting from the pandemic and COVID-19 countermeasures that require social distancing. This is a critical public health concern because increased alcohol consumption, even for a short period, increases the myriad longer-term health risks associated with cumulative exposure to alcohol. This paper provides unique qualitative evidence of how health risk perceptions are re-focused toward the shorter-term during the pandemic, through analysis of interviews with 40 middle-aged Australian women (aged 45–64) representing a range of self-perceived drinking status' (“occasional”/“light”/“moderate”/“heavy”) before and then during the pandemic ( n = 80 interviews). Our analysis captures women's risk horizons drifting away from the uncertain longer-term during COVID-19, toward the immediate need to “get through” the pandemic. We show how COVID-19 has increased the perceived value of consuming alcohol among women, particularly when weighed up against the social and emotional “costs” of reducing consumption. Our findings have implications for the delivery of alcohol-related health risk messages designed for middle-aged women both during, and into the recovery phases of the pandemic, who already consume more alcohol and experience more alcohol-related health risk than women in other age groups.
Structural, Personal and Socioenvironmental Determinants of HIV Transmission among Transgender Women in Indonesia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-05-2021
Abstract: Transgender populations are considered as a highly vulnerable group to HIV infection. This study aimed to understand structural, personal and socioenvironmental factors and the mechanisms through which these factors facilitate HIV transmission among transgender women (waria) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative inquiry using one-on-one in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from participants (n = 29). Thematic analysis was used to guide data analysis. Findings showed that poverty in families, a sense of responsibility to support family necessities, limited employment options and low education attainment were the structural factors driving participants’ engagement in sex work practices and unprotected anal intercourse, which facilitated HIV transmission among them. Personal need fulfilment and the desire for savings were personal factors driving their engagement in these high-risk practices that supported HIV transmission. Social relationships, social influence and the participants’ living environment were socioenvironmental factors that also supported sex work practices and HIV transmission among the participants. The findings indicate the need for capacity building in terms of knowledge and skills for waria populations to prepare and enable them to gain meaningful employment to prevent the vicious cycle of HIV transmission among them. As structural factors seemed to be the main drivers predisposing waria to HIV acquisition, further studies to explore effective HIV/AIDS interventions that address economic aspects of waria in Yogyakarta and other similar settings in Indonesia are recommended.
How do Specialist Breast Nurses help breast cancer patients at follow-up?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.COLEGN.2010.04.003
Abstract: As the proportion of survivors from breast cancer increases it is possible that follow-up care could be delivered wholly by generalists to relieve over subscribed hospital clinics. However, guidelines seldom take into account the nature of interactions between patients and health care professionals involved in hospital-based follow-up. Consultations between four Specialist Breast Nurses (SBNs) and 21 consecutive women attending a hospital-based breast cancer follow-up clinic in Western Australia were audio recorded and subjected to a thematic analysis. Recording of consultations ceased with saturation of themes. We analysed the data with reference to theoretical frameworks which postulate that social support is a powerful factor in determining positive health outcomes. We also drew on theories focusing on biographical disruption, biographical reinforcement and biographical reinvention. The majority of participants were Australian born, married women in their sixties. The mean duration of the consultations was 19 min (SD = 7.5, min = 8, max = 43.5). A core theme was the established relationship between the woman and her SBN. Overall, the SBNs played an important role in facilitating the transition of patients by supporting the woman in adjustment to a new self-image and bodily functioning. The SBN accompanies each woman through this phase in her life, white supporting a new narrative, promoting her 'rebirth' as someone with ideas, concerns and expectations that have altered significantly after the diagnosis of cancer. Five key themes emerged to demonstrate this supportive role: normalising facilitating access to services prevention promoting self-esteem and promoting a proactive approach. Many women with breast cancer claimed a new perspective on what was now possible, acceptable or desirable in a host of life domains. Our data suggest that the follow-up care of cancer patients is more than just dealing with a checklist of symptoms but requires an understanding of the biographical disruption occasioned by a diagnosis of breast cancer.
Exploring family and community involvement to protect thai youths from alcohol and illegal drug abuse
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-12-2015
DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2014.975616
Abstract: Youth substance abuse is widely recognized as a major public health issue in Thailand. This study explores family and community risk and protective factors relevant to alcohol and illegal drug misuse in 1,778 Thai teenagers. Strong family attachment and a family history of antisocial behaviors were strongly associated with nearly all forms of substance abuse, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 5.05 to 8.45. Community disorganization was strongly associated with self-reported substance use, although involvement in prosocial activities acted as a protective factor. The findings suggest that interventions that promote family cohesion and encourage community involvement may have considerable benefits in reducing substance abuse in Thai adolescents.
Neglected and non-consented care during childbirth in public health facilities in Central Tigray, Ethiopia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-05-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12884-022-04662-7
Abstract: The present study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with neglected and non-consented care during childbirth in public health facilities in Central Tigray, Ethiopia. A health facility-based cross-sectional survey supplemented by a qualitative study was conducted from April to May 2020 among women giving birth. We included 415 participants and recruited via a systematic random s ling technique. To collect the data, a pre-tested, face-to-face exit interview using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. Neglected and non-consented care and its outcomes (yes and no) were the dependent variables, and Socio-demographic data such as (age, educational level, region, and income), and other variables associated with compassionate and respective maternity care were the independent variables. We applied bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine predictors for non-consented and non-confidential care components of disrespect or abuse. The in-depth interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Among the participants, 82.4% and 78.6% had neglected care and non-consented care among women giving birth respectively. No formal education level (AOR: 0.37, 95%, CI (0.18–0.78)) and primary education level (AOR: 0.18, 95%, CI (0.05–0.57))., mode of delivery (AOR 3.79, 95% CI 1.42–10.09), sex of skilled healthcare providers (AOR: 0.56, 95%, CI (0.34–0.93)), number of deliveries in a health Centre (AOR: 1.89, 95% CI (1.03–3.47)) predicted non-consented care, and history ANC (AOR: 8.10, 95% CI (1.33–49.51)), and federal government employee (AOR: 0.24, 95% CI (0.07–0.78)) predicted neglected care during childbirth. In-depth interview result shows the mode of delivery and sex of healthcare providers were factor associated with non-consented care and women's stay at health facilities were factor associated with neglected care. The level of neglected and non-consented care during delivery was high reflecting substantial mistreatment. Educational level, mode of delivery, sex of skilled healthcare providers, and the number of deliveries in a health Centre were associated with non-consented care, and history ANC and Federal Government employees were associated with neglected care during childbirth. These findings imply the urgent needs or intervention including strengthening of awareness of both patients and healthcare providers on patients' rights and responsibilities and training service providers in patient-centered care and interpersonal communication and relationships to minimize mistreatment.
Alcohol and Flourishing for Australian Women in Midlife
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-12-2021
Abstract: This article responds to calls for empirically grounded and critically analytical research on the sociology of happiness. We explore how 35 Australian women in midlife (45–64 years) navigate alcohol use in the context of gendered lifecourses. In response to emerging themes around happiness in and through alcohol consumption during inductive analysis, data were re-analysed using neo-Aristotlean notions of flourishing. This illuminated alcohol consumption for women in midlife vis-á-vis moment-in-time pleasure, lifecourse happiness and management of gendered constraints. Drawing on Ahmed’s concepts of ‘affective economies’ and ‘happiness and unhappiness archives’ we contemporise Aristotle’s notion of flourishing and argue that changing structures of feeling for women in midlife give rise to differing emotions that attach to alcohol use. Understanding the affective reasons for alcohol consumption among this population provides new avenues to think about how alcohol consumption is purposed by women to make and make do with (un)happiness during midlife.
Trust, choice and obligation: a qualitative study of enablers of colorectal cancer screening in South Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-04-2015
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest cancer prevalence and mortality rates in Australia. The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) aims to increase early detection of CRC by offering free faecal occult blood testing. The NBCSP aims to offer choice to consumers about whether or not to participate in screening. This article presents data on trust, choice and perceived obligation to participate in the NBCSP by population groups with low uptake. A qualitative study was undertaken in South Australia. We interviewed 94 people from four culturally distinct groups: Greek, Iranian, Anglo-Australian and Indigenous peoples. This article demonstrates the complexity of factors shaping the choice, or lack thereof, to participate in the NBCSP. Informed choice is based on adequate knowledge, although this varied among our participants, highlighting the need for more health education in appropriate languages. An obligation to participate was found in the Iranian and Anglo-Australian groups and resulted from an established personal relationship with the doctor, a sense of duty, the acknowledgement of government investment and appreciation. Overall, this article makes a link between trust, choice and obligation, adding to literature on the sociology of trust and medical screening and highlighting important issues in the need of a policy and practice to improve CRC screening rates.
Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships among men who have sex with men in Viet Nam: results from a National Internet-based Cross-sectional Survey
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-11-2014
Abstract: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the largest HIV risk groups in Viet Nam and have been understudied. Sexual concurrency and multiple sex partnerships may contribute to high HIV incidence among MSM in Viet Nam. Limited information is available on concurrency and multiple sexual partnerships among MSM in Viet Nam or on the extent to which this population engages in concurrent and multiple unprotected anal intercourse. Data are from a self-administered Internet-based survey of Vietnamese MSM aged 18 years or older, having sex with male partner(s) in the last 12 months and recruited from social networking MSM-specific websites in Viet Nam. Multiple partnerships and concurrency were measured using the UNAIDS-recommended sexual partner matrix, a key component in the questionnaire. Concurrent and multiple sexual partnerships were analyzed at the in idual level. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the demographic characteristics and behaviors associated with multiple sexual partnerships. A total of 1695 MSM reported on multiple sexual partnerships 69.5% indicated multiple sexual partnerships in the last 6 months. A total of 257 MSM reported on concurrent sexual partnerships, with 51.0% reporting penetrative sex with concurrent partners in the last 6 months. Respondents were more likely to engage in multiple sexual partnerships if they were no longer a student, consumed alcohol before and/or during sex, used the Internet to meet casual sex partners and had never participated in a behavioral HIV intervention. Multiple sexual partnerships in the previous 6 months were common among MSM surveyed, as was sexual concurrency. High levels of multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships may be catalyzing the transmission of HIV among MSM in Viet Nam. Given the high prevalence of this high-risk sexual behavior, our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted prevention efforts, focusing on the reduction of multiple and concurrent sexual partners among this key population.
The Case of Australia Trust During Pandemic Uncertainty—A Qualitative Study of Midlife Women in South Australia
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.3167/IJSQ.2021.11010217
Abstract: Government responses to COVID-19 have dramatically altered the social quality of daily circumstances. Consequently, theoretical questions about social cohesion require recalibration as we explore new models of social quality. Central to this article is trust, one of the fundamental tenets of social cohesion. We present data from interviews with 40 women in midlife (45–64 years) regarding their everyday experiences of “life in lockdown” during the pandemic. Key themes focus on women’s (dis)trust in in iduals (e.g., politicians, public health experts, family, themselves) and systems (e.g., politics, medicine, the media). This study provides insights into the differential impact of the pandemic in shaping public trust and hence social cohesion—in authority, institutions, and “each other”—with important lessons for how future efforts can rebuild trust in post-pandemic times.
I kind of gave up on it after a while, became too hard, closed my eyes, didn't want to know about it-adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus describe defeat in the context of low social support
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2019
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12850
Biographical Reinvention: An Asset-Based Approach to Understanding the World of Men Living with HIV in Indonesia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-08-2023
Abstract: HIV diagnosis and management have often caused disruption to the everyday life and imagined futures of people living with HIV, both at in idual and social levels. This disruption has been conceptualised, in a rather dystopian way, as ‘biographical disruption’. This paper explores whether or not biographical disruption of living with HIV encourages men living with HIV (MLHIV n = 40) in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, to reinvent their sense of self and future over time using internal and external assets. Our analysis uses the concepts of additive and subtractive resilience strategies, and we show how, rather than having a purely disrupted biography, participants talked about their experiences of ‘biographical reinvention’. Study participants were recruited using the snowball s ling technique, beginning with two HIV clinics as the settings. Data were collected using one-on-one in-depth interviews, and a qualitative framework analysis was used to guide step-by-step data analysis. The findings showed that, despite the disruptions in their everyday lives (i.e., mental health condition, work, activities, social relationships, etc.) following the HIV diagnosis and management, MLHIV in our study managed to utilise their internal assets or traits (i.e., hope, optimism, resilience) and mobilised external resources (i.e., support from families, friends and healthcare professionals) to cope with the disruptions. An interweaving of these internal assets and external resources enabled them to take on new activities and roles (additive resilience strategies) and give up health compromising behaviours (subtractive resilience strategies). These were effective for most MLHIV in our study, not only to cope with the HIV repercussions and improve their physical and mental health conditions, but to think or work on a ‘reinvented’ biography which encompassed resilience, hope and optimism for better health, life and future. The findings indicate the need for HIV interventions and healthcare systems that provide appropriate support for the development and maintenance of internal assets of PLHIV to enable them to cope with the repercussions of HIV and work on a ‘reinvented’ biography.
Predictors and extent of institutional trust in government, banks, the media and religious organisations: Evidence from Cross-sectional surveys in six Asia-pacific countries
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-10-2016
The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Practice research
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2007
Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Exploring access to, use of and benefits from population-oriented digital health services in Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-12-2021
Abstract: The provision of population-oriented, on-demand digital health services in many countries exemplifies the perceived utility of digital health services in supporting population health. Yet, limited knowledge exists regarding the equity of these services. Using mixed-method research, we recruited users of a health website and general practice patients to surveys (n = 441) and telephone interviews (n = 40). We contribute specific evidence investigating barriers to access, use and benefit from digital health services within an equity framework that incorporates social determinant factors, eHealth Literacy and trust. Our research highlights the foundational role of trust in predicting use, showcases which groups are unlikely to benefit from population-oriented digital health services, and proposes strategies to enhance the equity of these services. The theoretical framework we developed serves as a roadmap for future health promotion research and action by outlining the complex and interrelated pathways that can promote and threaten digital health equity.
Making Healthy Families?
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2009
A population health approach in education to support children’s early development: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-06-2019
Going Viral: Researching Safely on Social Media
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 13-12-2021
DOI: 10.2196/29737
Abstract: Safety issues for researchers conducting and disseminating research on social media have been inadequately addressed in institutional policies and practice globally, despite posing significant challenges to research staff and student well-being. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and given the myriad of advantages that web-based platforms offer researchers over traditional recruitment, data collection, and research dissemination methods, developing a comprehensive understanding of and guidance on the safe and effective conduct of research in web-based spaces has never been more pertinent. In this paper, we share our experience of using social media to recruit participants for a study on abortion stigma in Australia, which brought into focus the personal, professional, and institutional risks associated with conducting web-based research that goes viral. The lead researcher (KV), a postgraduate student, experienced a barrage of harassment on and beyond social media. The supportive yet uncoordinated institutional response highlighted gaps in practice, guidance, and policy relating to social media research ethics, researcher safety and well-being, planning for and managing web-based and offline risk, and coordinated organizational responses to adverse events. We call for and provide suggestions to inform the development of training, guidelines, and policies that address practical and ethical aspects of using social media for research, mental and physical health and safety risks and management, and the development of coordinated and evidence-based institutional- and in idual-level responses to cyberbullying and harassment. Furthermore, we argue the case for the urgent development of this comprehensive guidance around researcher safety on the web, which would help to ensure that universities have the capacity to maximize the potential of social media for research while better supporting the well-being of their staff and students.
Medicines counter assistants: roles and responsibilities in the sale of deregulated medicines
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-1998
DOI: 10.1111/J.2042-7174.1998.TB00939.X
Abstract: The work reported here aimed to quantify the involvement of medicines counter assistants (MCAs) in the United Kingdom in the sale of deregulated medicines and to provide insights into their role and experiences in this process. Non-participant observation for five days in each of 10 community pharmacies was used in conjunction with interviews and focus groups with MCAs working in these pharmacies. It was found that MCAs dealt with 84 per cent of the deregulated medicines requested, without the formal involvement of a pharmacist. MCAs dealt with 96 per cent of requests for aciclovir, and 100 per cent of requests for cetirizine, Canesten Combi, famotidine, hydrocortisone cream and topical ibuprofen without the intervention of a pharmacist. MCAs viewed themselves as front-line health care workers carrying out an important role in consumer care. However, in instances where difficulties were encountered during an MCA-consumer interaction, MCAs knew and appreciated that they had the backup of a pharmacist to whom to refer. MCAs identified a number of dilemmas which impinged on their ability to ask questions and provide advice to consumers requesting deregulated medicines. Given these findings, the current role, workload and experiences of MCAs merit more attention than has hitherto been accorded in pharmacy practice and health services research.
Incentives management among health workers in primary health-care facilities: addressing important issues in rural Ghana
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 22-04-2022
DOI: 10.1108/JHOM-08-2021-0322
Abstract: This study seeks to explore health workers' perceptions and experiences on incentives for motivating and retaining them in primary health-care facilities in rural Ghana. Phenomenological research design was used to explore health workers’ experiences and perceptions on their incentive packages. Sixty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted with health-care workers in primary health-care facilities and analyzed using thematic analysis approach. The findings show health-care workers’ perceptions on their incentives, ranging from low awareness, unfair distribution, favoritism, means of punishment and incentives regarded unattractive. The preferred incentive packages identified were salary increase, housing availability, recognition, adequate supplies, and risk and responsibility allowances. Health-care workers suggested for the modification of incentives including vehicle importation waiver, reduction in study leave years and opportunity to pursue desired courses. The findings suggest that incentives that align with health-care workers’ preferences can potentially improve their motivation and influence retention. Health-care workers’ concern on incentives having been used as favors and punishment as well as unfair distribution should be addressed by health managers and policymakers, to achieve the desired purpose of motivating and retaining them in rural areas. Appropriate internal monitoring mechanisms are needed for incentives regulation and to improve health workers’ retention in rural Ghana.
Innovating Qualitative Framing Analysis for Purposes of Media Analysis Within Public Health Inquiry
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-02-2019
Abstract: Public health is said to lack methodological ersity and creativity in media analysis. Although the framing paradigm offers important conceptual and operational insights for undertaking media analysis in public health research, frames are described as “elusive” to measure with their analysis a “methodological black box.” With this article, we aim to foster creative thinking around media analysis in public health and to make the “black box” of framing analysis more transparent, by illustrating the innovation and application of a qualitative framing analysis technique in original public health research. We provide a “how to” guide for this framing analysis method and use data to illustrate methodological challenges encountered during the research. The findings drawn from this method are contrasted with findings gained from thematic analysis applied to the same data. The article concludes by considering the benefits of this type of framing analysis within public health scholarship.
The Importance Placed on the Monitoring of Food Safety and Quality by Australian Consumers
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-05-2013
DOI: 10.3390/LAWS2020099
Knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination practices and its barriers among university female students in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-06-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0270417
Abstract: Early diagnosis of breast cancer is the best approach towards its control that may result in alleviating related mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge about breast cancer and both practices and perceived barriers to breast self-examination among female university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 400 female students of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Participants were s led from female dormitories at the university from January to April 2020. Proportionate stratified random s ling was conducted to calculate the study s le from each dormitory. A validated semi-structured self-reported questionnaire was employed to collect data from participants during the survey periods. The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, items about knowledge about breast cancer, breast self-examination practices and its barriers. We applied descriptive and inferential statistics and data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Participants were aged between 18–26 years and comprised university students of first year (20%), second year (24%), third year (22%), fourth year (21%) and Master’s (14%). 18% of them reported positive family history (mother, aunt, sister/cousin, grandmother) of breast cancer. The overall mean score of total knowledge items was 15 (SD = 3) out of 43, with an overall correct rate of 34%. The mean score of total knowledge items was significantly higher ( p .001) among Master’s students and students with family members who have had breast cancer. Only one in five students (21%) ever practiced breast self-examination. The mean score of practice of breast self-examination was significantly higher ( p .001) among participants who reported having family member of breast cancer. Total knowledge score about breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination were significantly correlated with each other ( r = 0.54 p .001). About 33% participants reported ‘lack of knowledge’ as the main barrier to practicing breast self-examination followed by ‘I do not have the symptoms’ (22%), and ‘shyness/ uncomfortable feelings’ (17%). The study revealed low levels of knowledge about breast cancer and low breast self-examination practices. Our findings highlight the need to develop, implement and promote socially, culturally and demographically appropriate educational interventions programs aimed at breast cancer and breast self-examination awareness and practice in Bangladesh.
Australian children's views about food advertising on television
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2010.03.011
Abstract: This study explored children's views about food advertising on television in the light of recent public interest in childhood obesity and obesogenic environments. Thirty-seven children aged between 8 and 11 years, discussed their perceptions of food advertising, in focus groups. The children engaged as consumers of advertising, noticing technical aspects, and expressing their likes and dislikes of particular techniques. While they understood the persuasive intent of advertising, they nevertheless desired products and made purchase requests. They particularly desired energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. The children demonstrated sophisticated levels of advertising literacy through their articulation of problems such as deception, impacts on children's health and wellbeing, and family conflict. They revealed themselves as sentient beings, with the capacity to react, respond and reflect on their experience of advertising. This study makes a contribution to research on consumer socialisation by introducing the perspective of Australian children. As stakeholders in the childhood obesity problem, the views of children should also be of interest to health policymakers.
Learning to prescribe – pharmacists' experiences of supplementary prescribing training in England
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2008
Correction: The impact of working in COVID-19 hospital on Indonesian nurses’ mental health and wellbeing: a qualitative study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-12-2022
Challenges to evidence-based health promotion: a case study of a Food Security Coalition in Ontario, Canada
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-03-2017
‘There’s only one enabler; come up, help us’: staff perspectives of barriers and enablers to continuous quality improvement in Aboriginal primary health-care settings in South Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/PY14098
Abstract: This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study, which sought to investigate the barriers and enablers to implementation of a continuous quality improvement (CQI) program by health-care professionals in Aboriginal primary health-care services in South Australia. Eighteen semi-structured interviews across 11 participating services were conducted alongside CQI implementation activities. Multiple barriers exist, from staff perspectives, which can be categorised according to different levels of the primary health-care system. At the macro level, barriers related to resource constraints (workforce issues) and access to project support (CQI coordinator). At the meso level, barriers related to senior level management and leadership for quality improvement and the level of organisational readiness. At the micro level, knowledge and attitudes of staff (such as resistance to change lack of awareness of CQI) and lack of team tenure were cited as the main barriers to implementation. Staff identified that successful and sustained implementation of CQI requires both organisational systems and in idual behaviour change. Improvements through continuing regional level collaborations and using a systems approach to develop an integrated regional level CQI framework, which includes building organisational and clinic team CQI capacity at the health centre level, are recommended. Ideally, this should be supported at the broader national level with dedicated funding.
Defining cosmetic surgery
Publisher: Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons
Date: 03-2018
Abstract: An agreed definition for cosmetic surgery would be helpful for the purposes of discourse on ethics, patient safety, healthcare policy and health economics. One of the problems with previous attempts at developing a definition is the narrow frame of reference and lack of engagement with the full spectrum of academics and stakeholders. This review brings together the sociological as well as the surgical literature on the topic of cosmetic surgery and examines societal, ethical and healthcare aspects. It outlines principles of constructing a definition and presents a provisional definition for further debate, namely: Cosmetic surgery is defined, for the purposes of a healthcare payer, as any invasive procedure where the primary intention is to achieve what the patient perceives to be a more desirable appearance and where the procedure involves changes to bodily features that have a normal appearance on presentation to the doctor. In contrast, surgery performed with the goal of achieving a normal appearance, where bodily features have an abnormal appearance on presentation due to congenital defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma, infections, tumours or disease does not fall under the definition of cosmetic surgery. It is a given that “normal appearance” is a subjective notion. Determining whether patients have a normal or abnormal appearance on presentation will rely on the clinical assessment of the treating doctor.
Revisiting candidacy: What might it offer cancer prevention?
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-09-2021
Abstract: The notion of candidacy emerged three decades ago through Davison and colleagues’ exploration of people’s understanding of the causes of coronary heart disease. Candidacy was a mechanism to estimate one’s own or others risk of disease informed by their lay epidemiology. It could predict who would develop illness or explain why someone succumbed to it. Candidacy’s predictive ability, however, was fallible, and it was from this perspective that the public’s reticence to adhere to prevention messages could be explained, as ultimately anybody could be ‘at-risk’. This work continues to resonate in health research, with over 700 citations of Davison’s Candidacy paper. Less explored however, is the candidacy framework in its entirety in other illness spheres, where prevention efforts could potentially impact health outcomes. This paper revisits the candidacy framework to reconsider it use within prevention. In doing so, candidacy within coronary heart disease, suicide prevention, diabetes, and cancer will be examined, and key components of candidacy and how people negotiate their candidacy within differing disease contexts will be uncovered. The applicability of candidacy to address modifiable breast cancer risk factors or cancer prevention more broadly will be considered, as will the implications for public health policy.
Breaking the Silos: Integrated Care for Cancer and Chronic Conditions
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2016
Developing a Women's Thought Collective methodology for health research: The roles and responsibilities of researchers in the reflexive co‐production of knowledge
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13804
Abstract: Co‐produced research holds enormous value within the health sciences. Yet, there can be a heavy focus on what research participants think, do and know while the researcher's responsibility to explore and re/work their own knowledge or praxis tends to escape from view. This is reflected in the limited use of co‐production to explore broad structural distributions of health and risk(s). We argue this missed opportunity has the potential to unfold as what Berlant calls a ‘cruel optimism’, where something desirable becomes an obstacle to flourishing and/or produces harm. We explore challenges to involving lay populations meaningfully in health research amidst a neoliberal cultural landscape that tends to responsibilise people with problems they cannot solve. Drawing together principles from hermeneutic and feminist philosophy, we develop a novel methodology for co‐producing research about determinants of health and health risk (using a case study of alcohol consumption as an ex le) that centres on what researchers do, know and think during research: Women's Thought Collectives . Keeping the constructed nature of social systems—because they shape ideas of value, expertise and knowledge—in view during co‐produced research illuminates the potential for cruel optimisms within it. Such reflexive awareness carves out starting points for researchers to engage with how social hierarchies might (tacitly) operate during the co‐production of knowledge. Our work has broad utility for erse population groups and provides important considerations around the roles and responsibilities for reflexive co‐production of knowledge at all levels of health systems. The development of these ideas was sparked by working with lay participants during the Women's Thought Collectives for Kristen Foley's doctoral research 2021–2023, but undertaken without their direct involvement—in accordance with the responsibilities of researchers in the reflexive co‐production of knowledge. Forthcoming publications will address the outcomes and processes of this work.
Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 2. Inositol phosphate esters hydrolysis, intestinal permeability, hematology, jej
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Do your patients trust you?: A sociological understanding of the implications of patient mistrust in healthcare professionals
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 04-11-2008
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2008.7
Cultural and religious determinants of HIV transmission: A qualitative study with people living with HIV in Belu and Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-11-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0257906
Abstract: As a part of a larger qualitative study to understand HIV-risk factors and impacts on people living with HIV (PLHIV) (52 women and 40 men) in Belu and Yogyakarta, Indonesia, this paper reports the influences of cultural practices and religious beliefs on sexual relationships and behaviours of participants as contributors for HIV transmission. This study was conducted from June to December 2020. Data collection was conducted using one-one-one in-depth interviews. Participants were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. Data analysis was guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that cultural practices in Belu related to the use of bride wealth, managing spousal disputes, marriage, and condom use, influenced spousal relationships and sexual behaviours or practices which contributed to HIV transmission. Javanese cultural practices and expectation of an ‘ideal wife’, Islamic religious beliefs about expected husband-wife relationships, forbidden premarital sex, and the participants’ in idual interpretation of their religious beliefs about condom use spousal sexual relations, also influenced spousal sexual relations and behaviours, which supported HIV transmission among the participants. The findings indicate the need for HIV education programs that address cultural practices and religious beliefs for community members and population groups to enhance their understanding about HIV, condom use, and how cultural practices and religious beliefs play a role in HIV transmission. The findings also indicate the need for involvement of religious leaders in HIV education programs to bring insights to people and help them interpret their religious beliefs in health promoting ways. Future studies that explore different aspects of culture and religion which may contribute to HIV transmission are recommended.
Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 1. Performance, intestinal lesions and pH, bacterial counts and apparent ileal di
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
The health implications of distrust in the food system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-021-11349-9
Abstract: Consumer trust in food systems is essential for consumers, food industry, policy makers and regulators. Yet no comprehensive tool for measuring consumer trust in food systems exists. Similarly, the impact that trust in the food system has on health-related food behaviours is yet to be empirically examined. The aim of this research was to develop a comprehensive instrument to measure trust in the food system (the Dimensions of Trust in Food Systems Scale (DOTIFS scale) and use it to explore whether trust in the food system impacts consumers’ health-related behaviours. The DOTIFS scale was developed using sociological theories of trust and pre-existing instruments measuring aspects of trust. It was pilot tested and content validity was assessed with 85 participants. A mixed-methods exploration of the health-related behaviours of 18 conveniently s led Australian consumers with differing trust scores determined by the DOTIFS scale was then conducted. During March–July 2019 shopping- and home-observations were used to assess participants’ food safety practices and exposure to public health fortification programs, while the CSIRO Healthy Diet Score determined their adherence to national dietary guidelines. The DOTIFS scale was found to have high comprehension, ease of use and content validity. Statistical analysis showed scale scores significantly trended as predicted by participants’ stated level of trust. Differences were found in the way in iduals with more or less trust in the food system comply with national dietary guidelines, are exposed to public health fortification programs, and adhere to recommended food safety practices. The DOTIFS scale is a comprehensive, sociologically- and empirically- informed assessment of consumer trust in food systems that can be self-administered online to large populations and used to measure changes in consumer trust over time. The differences in health-related behaviours between in iduals with varying levels of trust warrant further investigation.
Smoking and stress: the double-edged sword of living in a disadvantaged area
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 04-11-2008
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2008.8
'How to' use social theory within and throughout qualitative research in healthcare contexts
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/SOC4.12155
Emotions, Everyday Life and Sociology
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 11-07-2018
The impact of working in COVID-19 hospital on indonesian nurses’ mental health and wellbeing: a qualitative study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-12-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12912-022-01131-6
Abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted the lives of more than 580 million people and killed more than six million people globally. Nurses are one of the most impacted groups as they are at the frontline to fight against the virus and to try to save the lives of everyone affected. The present study aimed to explore the impact of working in COVID-19 wards on the mental health and wellbeing of nurses in the early stage of the pandemic in a hospital in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. A qualitative study was conducted with 22 nurses, recruited using purposive s ling. Data collection was conducted from April to May 2022 and data analysis was guided by qualitative framework analysis. The findings show that nurses experienced a range of mental health impacts including fear of being infected and infecting loved ones fear of early death psychological distress related to the conflict between the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and both professionalism and moral responsibility for patients stress due to long waiting period to know the result of the COVID-19 tests stress and worry due to public indifference and lack of role models the negative impact of community doubt and distrust around COVID-19 and distress due to stigma and discrimination towards nurses caring for COVID-19 patients and their families. The current findings indicate further psychological intervention programs to support nurses, especially the ones in resource poor settings and enhance their psychological resilience.
Bariatric surgery revisions and private health insurance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ORCP.2017.04.009
Abstract: To identify: 1. The percentage of bariatric procedures that are revisions 2. What proportion of bariatric revision procedures in public hospitals are for patients whose primary weight loss procedure occurred in a private hospital 3. The age, sex and level of socioeconomic disadvantage of patients needing revisions. An analysis of patient level admission data from the Integrated South Australian Activity Collection (ISAAC) was performed. Data were collected on all revisions for weight loss related procedures at all South Australian public and private hospitals, between 2000-2015 using the ISAAC codes for revision procedures. 12,606 bariatric procedures occurred in hospitals ∼27% of which represent a revision (n=3366). Of these revisions, ∼82% occurred in a private hospital (n=2771), and ∼18% occurred in a public hospital (n=595). Of the 595 revisions in a public hospital, 51% of patients had their original bariatric procedure performed in a private hospital. The majority of patients who had a revision procedure are female (≥82%) with a mean age of ∼45. In iduals from the lowest 2 IRSD quintiles were over-represented for public hospital revisions and primary bariatric procedures. Further investigation is needed to identify: 1. Why 27% of bariatric procedures are revisions 2. Why at least 51% of revisions in public hospitals are on patients whose original primary bariatric procedure was done in a private hospital 3. The impact that revision procedures in public hospitals, particularly for originally private weight loss procedures, is having on public hospital wait times 4. The impact of socioeconomic disadvantage on weight loss procedure outcomes.
Migration, Stress and the Challenges of Accessing Food: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Recent Afghan Women Refugees in Adelaide, Australia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-02-2020
Abstract: This study explored the migration and food experiences of Afghani women refugees residing in Adelaide, South Australia for 2 years or less. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 women between May and September 2017. The data were thematically analysed, and the Social Determinants of Health Framework was used to discuss the findings. Five key themes emerged from the data. In the transition country (Iran/Pakistan), respondents experienced (i) trauma, discrimination and exclusion and (ii) familiar food culture, but food stress. In the destination country (Adelaide, Australia) respondents experienced (iii) a sense of precariousness, (iv) unfamiliar food culture and (v) challenges in accessing halal food. Afghani refugees experienced considerable stressors both in the transition and the final destination country but for different reasons. In the transition country, stresses related to the lack of social services and support, discrimination, racism and poverty seemed to have affected their ability to afford food. In Australia stressors pertaining to socioeconomic, housing and employment precariousness, as well as difficulties in accessing halal foods were identified as challenges. Furthermore, food stress in Australia was associated with the cultural appropriateness of food, the complexity of the food system, and the women’s lack of skills and experiences in navigating the food system. With increasing refugee and immigration flows globally, it is necessary to acknowledge how food and social determinants intersect for refugee immigrants to ensure positive health outcomes.
Adaptive capacity: A qualitative study of midlife Australian women's resilience during COVID-19
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Institutional (mis)trust in colorectal cancer screening: a qualitative study with Greek, Iranian, Anglo-Australian and Indigenous groups
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12276
Barriers to employment of Australian cancer survivors living with geographic or socio-economic disadvantage
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13238
Abstract: Opportunities for cancer survivors’ employment can both reflect and perpetuate health inequities, as employment is an important social determinant of health. Socio‐economic and geographic disadvantage is associated with greater difficulty finding work, but little is known about work needs of Australian cancer survivors living with disadvantage. This study examined survivor and health‐care professional (HCP) perspectives on barriers experienced by Australian cancer survivors experiencing disadvantage when attempting to remain at or return to work. Focus groups and in idual interviews were held with cancer survivors (N = 15) and oncology and primary HCPs (N = 41), focusing on communities at risk of disadvantage. Participants were asked about employment barriers and facilitators in general and in the context of disadvantage. Themes were identified using framework analysis. Geographic and socio‐economic disadvantage resulted in specific in idual‐ and system‐level barriers. These related to distance from treatment and support services and limited availability and suitability of work for survivors living with geographic disadvantage, and limited availability, security, and flexibility of work and previous unemployment for survivors living with socio‐economic disadvantage. Identified needs included system‐level changes such as public and workplace‐level education, legislative and policy changes, and better access to resources. Cancer survivors living with disadvantage experience limited access to flexible employment opportunities and resources, further perpetuating their disadvantage. Promotion of health equity for cancer survivors living with disadvantage requires systemic changes to support attempts to remain at/return to work. This study included cancer survivors and HCPs as investigators, authors and participants.
Traditional male circumcision and the risk for HIV transmission among men: a systematic review
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.23284694
Abstract: Although traditional male circumcision (TMC) is still practiced in a number of countries, and its healing process may have a high risk of HIV and other STIs transmission, there have been no published systematic reviews on TMC, HIV risk, and impacts on circumcised men and their families. The aim of this study is to synthesise evidence of how TMC practices contribute to HIV transmission among males and the impacts of HIV on themselves and their families. The systematic search started with an initial search following the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) framework. A systematic review was conducted to find literature using databases including PubMed, CINHAL, SCOPUS, ProQuest, Cochrane, and Medline. The search was limited to the English language, and with no year limit in order to capture as many articles as possible about circumcision, traditional male circumcision, HIV, and impact on men and their families. Critical appraisal tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for study design were used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. A total of 18 studies were included: 11 were qualitative studies, 5 were quantitative studies, and 2 were mixed-method studies. All the studies included were conducted in areas where traditional male circumcision was performed (17 in Africa and 1 in Papua New Guinea). The findings of the review were categorized into themes namely TMC as a cultural practice, consequences of not being traditionally circumcised on men and their families, and TMC-related risk of HIV transmission. The review showed that TMC and HIV risk could bring significant and negative challenges for men and their families. The findings indicated the need for targeted health intervention programs and efforts to address psychological and social challenges in communities practicing TMC. CRD42022357788.
Policy and practice suggestions to improve performance on the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets: Results from a nominal group technique with HIV experts in Southwest Ethiopia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2020
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13115
Elevated HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam: a systematic review
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2012
Immunological failure in HIV-infected adults from 2003 to 2015 in Southwest Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2017-017413
Abstract: To assess the prevalence, trend and associated factors for immunological failure (IF), and the magnitude of antiretroviral therapy (ART) shift among adults infected with HIV in Southwest Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken using the data from ART clinic at Jimma University Teaching Hospital from 21 June 2003 to 15 March 2015. Retrospective analysis of 4900 HIV-infected adult patient records dating from June 2003 to March 2015 was conducted. The primary outcome was IF defined when cluster for differentiation 4 (CD4) count falls to the baseline (or below) or persistent CD4 levels below 100 cells/mm 3 after 6 months of ART treatment. The analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics. 546 (19.5%) adults had developed clinical failure (CF), 775 (19.7%) adults had developed IF and 1231 (25.1%) had developed either CF or IF or both. The prevalence of IF was consistently high throughout the decade. Age 25 to ≤50 years adjusted OR (AOR 1.5, 9% CI 1.2 to 2.4), being female (AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.9), late presenter for HIV care (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.7) and having baseline CD4 count below 200 cells/mm 3 (AOR 5.5, 95% CI 4.1 to 7.4), and having no history of HIV testing before diagnosis (AOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.9) were the predictors for IF. Only 29 (0.9%) adults infected with HIV were shifted to second-line ART regimen. The magnitude of CF or IF or both was found significant and consistently high throughout the calendar year although ART shift was found minimal. HIV-infected adult patients with IF were early age adults, females, late presenters for HIV care, and those who had low baseline CD4 counts and history of HIV testing before diagnosis.
Challenges Faced by Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inquiry From Bangladesh
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-08-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.647315
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused increasing challenges for healthcare professionals globally. However, there is a dearth of information about these challenges in many developing countries, including Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) during COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted qualitative research among healthcare professionals of different hospitals and clinics in Khulna and Dhaka city of Bangladesh from May 2020 to August 2020. We conducted 15 in-depth telephone interviews using a snowball s ling technique. We used an in-depth interview guide as data were collected, audiotaped, and transcribed. The data were analyzed both manually and using QDA Miner software as we used thematic analysis for this study. Results: Seven themes emerged from the study. Participants experienced higher workload, psychological distress, shortage of quality personal protective equipment (PPE), social exclusion/stigmatization, lack of incentives, absence of coordination, and proper management during their service. These healthcare professionals faced difficulty coping with these challenges due to situational and organizational factors. They reported of faith in God and mutual support to be the keys to adapt to adversities. Adequate support to address the difficulties faced by healthcare professionals is necessary for an overall improved health outcome during the pandemic. Conclusion: The findings highlight the common challenges faced by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. This implies the need to support adequate safety kits, protocols, and support for both physical and mental health of the healthcare professionals.
How are the links between alcohol consumption and breast cancer portrayed in australian newspapers?: A paired thematic and framing media analysis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-07-2021
Abstract: A dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption and increased breast cancer risk is well established, even at low levels of consumption. Australian women in midlife (45–64 years) are at highest lifetime risk for developing breast cancer but demonstrate low awareness of this link. We explore women’s exposure to messages about alcohol and breast cancer in Australian print media in the period 2002–2018. Methods: Paired thematic and framing analyses were undertaken of Australian print media from three time-defined subs les: 2002–2004, 2009–2011, and 2016–2018. Results: Five key themes arose from the thematic framing analysis: Ascribing Blame, In idual Responsibility, Cultural Entrenchment, False Equilibrium, and Recognition of Population Impact. The framing analysis showed that the alcohol–breast cancer link was predominantly framed as a behavioural concern, neglecting medical and societal frames. Discussion: We explore the representations of the alcohol and breast cancer risk relationship. We found their portrayal to be conflicting and unbalanced at times and tended to emphasise in idual choice and responsibility in modifying health behaviours. We argue that key stakeholders including government, public health, and media should accept shared responsibility for increasing awareness of the alcohol–breast cancer link and invite media advocates to assist with brokering correct public health information.
Parents' and children's perceptions of the ethics of marketing energy-dense nutrient-poor foods on the internet: Implications for policy to restrict children's exposure
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-03-2014
DOI: 10.1093/PHE/PHU002
Social Class and Changes in Australian Women's Affect and Alcohol Consumption During COVID-19
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-06-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.645376
Abstract: Introduction: Before the pandemic, mid-life women in Australia were among the “heaviest” female alcohol consumers, giving rise to myriad preventable health risks. This paper uses an innovative model of social class within a s le of Australian women to describe changes in affective states and alcohol consumption patterns across two time points during COVID-19. Methods: Survey data were collected from Australian mid-life women (45–64 years) at two time points during COVID-19—May 2020 ( N = 1,218) and July 2020 ( N = 799). We used a multi-dimensional model for measuring social class across three domains—economic capital (income, property and assets), social capital (social contacts and occupational prestige of those known socially), and cultural capital (level of participation in various cultural activities). Latent class analysis allowed comparisons across social classes to changes in affective states and alcohol consumption patterns reported at the two time points using alcohol consumption patterns as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) and its component items. Results: Seven social classes were constructed, characterized by variations in access to capital. Affective states during COVID-19 differed according to social class. Comparing between the survey time points, feeling fearful/anxious was higher in those with high economic and cultural capital and moderate social capital (“emerging affluent”). Increased depression was most prominent in the class characterized by the highest volumes of all forms of capital (“established affluent”). The social class characterized by the least capital (“working class”) reported increased prevalence of uncertainty, but less so for feeling fearful or anxious, or depressed. Women's alcohol consumption patterns changed across time during the pandemic. The “new middle” class—a group characterized by high social capital (but contacts with low prestige) and minimal economic capital—had increased AUDIT-C scores. Conclusion: Our data shows the pandemic impacted women's negative affective states, but not in uniform ways according to class. It may explain increases in alcohol consumption among women in the emerging affluent group who experienced increased feelings or fear and anxiety during the pandemic. This nuanced understanding of the vulnerabilities of sub-groups of women, in respect to negative affect and alcohol consumption can inform future pandemic policy responses designed to improve mental health and reduce the problematic use of alcohol. Designing pandemic responses segmented for specific audiences is also aided by our multi-dimensional analysis of social class, which uncovers intricate differences in affective states amongst sub-groups of mid-life women.
COVID/HIV Co-infection
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-03-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.623468
Abstract: The present commentary explored the intersecting nature of the COVID-19 and HIV pandemics to identify a shared research agenda using a syndemic approach. The research agenda posits the following questions. Questions around HIV infection, transmission, and diagnosis include: (i) molecular, genetic, clinical, and environmental assessments of COVID-19 in people living with HIV, (ii) alternative options for facility-based HIV testing services such as self- and home-based HIV testing, and (iii) COVID-19 related sexual violence and mental health on HIV transmission and early diagnosis. These and related questions could be assessed using Biopsychosocial and socio-ecological models. Questions around HIV treatment include: (i) the effect of COVID-19 on HIV treatment services, (ii) alternative options for facility-based treatment provision such as community-based antiretroviral therapy groups, and (iii) equitable distribution of treatment and vaccines for COVID-19, if successful. Bickman's logic model and the social determinants of health framework could guide these issues. The impact of stigma, the role of leveraging lessons on sustained intra-behavioral change, the role of medical mistrust and conspiracy beliefs, and the role of digital health on integrated management of HIV care and spectrum of care of COVID-19 need assessment using several frameworks including Goffman's stigma framework, Luhmann's Trust theory, and Gidden's theory of structuration. In conclusion, the potential research agenda of this commentary encompasses a variety of research fields and disciplinary areas—clinicians, laboratory scientists, public health practitioners, health economists, and psychologists—, and suggests several theoretical frameworks to guide examination of complex issues comprehensively.
Will the need for effective communication between doctors redefine primary care
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2009.62
HIV Non-B Subtype Distribution: Emerging Trends and Risk Factors for Imported and Local Infections Newly Diagnosed in South Australia
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2013
Abstract: Monitoring HIV subtype distribution is important for understanding transmission dynamics. Subtype B has historically been dominant in Australia, but in recent years new clades have appeared. Since 2000, clade data have been collected as part of HIV surveillance in South Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 non-B subtypes. The study population was composed of newly diagnosed, genotyped HIV subjects in South Australia between 2000 and 2010. We analyzed time trends and subtype patterns in this cohort notification data were aggregated into three time periods (2000-2003, 2004-2006, and 2007-2010). Main outcome measures were number of new non-B infections by year, exposure route, and other demographic characteristics. There were 513 new HIV diagnoses 425 had information on subtype. The majority (262/425) were in men who have sex with men (MSM), predominantly subtype B and acquired in Australia. Infections acquired in Australia decreased from 77% (2000-2003) to 64% (2007-2010) (p=0.007) and correspondingly the proportion of subtype B declined from 85% to 68% (p=0.002). Non-B infections were predominantly (83%) heterosexual contacts, mostly acquired overseas (74%). The majority (68%) of non-B patients were born outside of Australia. There was a nonsignificant increase from 1.6% to 4.2% in the proportion of locally transmitted non-B cases (p=0.3). Three non-B subtypes and two circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were identified: CRF_AE (n=41), C (n=36), CRF_AG (n=13), A (n=9), and D (n=2). There has been a substantial increase over the past decade in diagnosed non-B infections, primarily through cases acquired overseas.
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial testing the impact of feedback on familial risk of chronic diseases on family-level intentions to participate in preventive lifestyle behaviors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-09-2016
Trust in the health system: An analysis and extension of the social theories of Giddens and Luhmann
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2008
Effect of Place of Birth on Knowledge of Neonatal Danger Signs and Associated Factors among Mother's in Meicha District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 17-12-2019
Abstract: Background: Danger signs in the neonatal period are non-specific and could be a manifestation of almost any newborn disease. Early recognition of these signs by mothers is a pre-request for increasing neonatal care-seeking behavior. There four this study aimed to assess knowledge of neonatal danger signs and associated factors among mothers who gave birth at home and health institutions in Meicha District, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among Home and Health institutions delivered mothers two months before the survey. A simple random s ling method was used to select the participants. Data was collected by face to face interviews of mothers. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. The odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to assess the strength of the associations. Result: A total of 650 (325 health institution delivered and 325 home delivered) mothers were interviewed. Among this, 50.7% (AOR=2.19, 95%, CI (1.594-3.003)) of the mother were knowledge of neonatal danger sign in the district. Mother knowledge of neonatal danger sign was higher among mothers who give birth health institution (60.1%) than home (41.1%). Age of the mother (AOR:3.99, 95% CI:(1.45-11.03)), age of new born (AOR:0.53, 95% CI:(0.36-0.78)), parity (AOR:1.27, 95% CI:(1.37-5.31)), postnatal care attendance (AOR=2.42,95% CI: (1.47, 3.96)), distance of health center (AOR:0.46,95% CI:(0.27,0.78)) were significantly associated with overall mother’s knowledge of neonatal danger sign. Whereas, residence (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI:(1.44, 6.64)) and occupational status of husband (AOR:0.23, 95% CI:(0.201,0.67)) were significantly associated with health institution delivered mother. Age of new born (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI:(0.28,0.896)), parity(AOR: 0.29, 95% CI:(0.113,0.74)), antenatal care (AOR: 12.04, 95% CI: (5.9,24.65)) and postnatal care attendance (AOR:0.27,95% CI:(0.138,0.51)) was significantly associated with home delivered mother. Conclusion: The overall mother’s knowledge of neonatal danger signs was low. However, health institutions delivered mother more knowledge about danger signs than home-delivered mothers. Therefore, it is better if the district Health Office should investigate the implementation of educational programs in the community and strengthen the health extension program.
Why Do We Not Follow Lifesaving Rules? Factors Affecting Nonadherence to COVID-19 Prevention Guidelines in Indonesia: Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-07-2022
Abstract: This study aimed to understand Indonesian healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) perceptions and experiences regarding barriers to both HCP and community adherence to COVID-19 prevention guidelines in their social life. This methodologically qualitative study employed in-depth interviewing as its method for primary data collection. Twenty-three HCP participants were recruited using the snowball s ling technique. Data analysis was guided by the Five Steps of Qualitative Data Analysis introduced through Ritchie and Spencer’s Framework Analysis. The Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to guide study conceptualisation, data analysis and discussions of the findings. Results demonstrated that HCP adherence to COVID-19 prevention guidelines was influenced by subjective norms, such as social influence and disapproval towards preventive behaviours, and perceived behavioural control or external factors. Findings also demonstrated that HCPs perceived that community nonadherence to preventive guidelines was influenced by their behavioural intentions and attitudes, such as disbelief in COVID-19-related information provided by the government, distrust in HCPs, and belief in traditional ritual practices to ward off misfortune. Subjective norms, including negative social pressure and concerns of social rejection, and perceived behavioural control reflected in lack of personal protective equipment and poverty, were also barriers to community adherence. The findings indicate that policymakers in remote, multicultural locales in Indonesia such as East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur or NTT) must take into consideration that familial and traditional (social) ties and bonds override in idual agency where personal action is strongly guided by long-held social norms. Thus, while agency-focused preventive policies which encourage in idual actions (hand washing, mask wearing) are essential, in NTT they must be augmented by social change, advocating with trusted traditional (adat) and religious leaders to revise norms in the context of a highly transmissible pandemic virus. Future large-scale studies are recommended to explore the influence of socio-cultural barriers to HCP and community adherence to preventive guidelines, which can better inform health policy and practice.
The practise and practice of Bourdieu
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2011.07.013
Abstract: Some years ago Australian anthropologist David Moore criticised the predominant form of understanding youth alcohol consumption for residing with biomedical approaches that in idualise and ultimately stigmatise drinking behaviour and 'ignore' the social context of consumption. Of interest here is the ongoing insufficient integration of alternative approaches to understanding young people's drinking. This paper presents theoretically informed qualitative research that investigates why young Australian females (aged 14-17) drink and how social and cultural context form the basis, rather than the periphery, of their drinking experience. We demonstrate the utility of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological framework for delving beyond the dichotomy of young people's drinking decisions as either a determination of their cultural environment or the singular result of a rational in idual's independent decision-making. The paper is presented in two parts. First, we provide the interpretation, or 'practise', of Bourdieu's concepts through an outline and application of his complex theoretical constructs. Specifically, the concept of symbolic capital (or social power) is applied. Second, our explication of Bourdieu's 'practice', or epistemological contributions, offers a methodologically grounded ex le to other researchers seeking to attain more complete understandings of the social processes underpinning youth alcohol consumption. A sociological approach to exploring the complex relationship between drinking and contextual social factors amongst young Australian females is an unchartered area of enquiry. We contribute new theoretically supported insights to create a more complete picture of young females' drinking behaviours.
Primary caregivers' perceptions of factors influencing preschool children's oral health: social practices perspective
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2023
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-068444
Abstract: The role of primary caregivers in setting the foundation for a child’s oral health throughout life is well recognised. Due to the dominant behaviour-based approach, research to date has mainly focused on exploring in idual primary caregivers’ oral health knowledge and behaviours. A social science approach involving social practice theories moves beyond in idual attitudes, behaviour and choices to offer a better understanding of the ways in which collective activity relates to health. This qualitative metasynthesis will involve an interpretive synthesis of data found in published qualitative literature from developed countries. The aim of the metasynthesis is to identify social practices in families from published qualitative research with caregivers on preschool children’s oral health. This is a protocol for qualitative metasynthesis. The following databases will be used: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (DOSS) using the web-based database search platform Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. The research team has determined search strategies by using relevant key terms. Qualitative studies published in English language on family factors related to preschool children (aged 0–5 years) from developed countries (2022 United Nations classification) will be included. Qualitative data analysis will involve thematic analysis of the reported factors influencing oral health of preschool children, from the perspective of social practice theory. Researchers will use NVivo software for organising and managing the data. No ethics approval is required, as this study does not involve human subjects. Findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and submission to a peer-reviewed journal.
Understanding the factors that make public participation effective in health policy and planning: a realist synthesis
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/PY16129
Abstract: Although researchers argue for the importance of involving the public in developing health policy, there has been little focus on central research questions – such as what techniques of public participation work, in what circumstances, and why. This paper presents a realist synthesis which identifies and explains the underlying mechanisms and specific contextual factors that lead to effective public participation in health policy and planning. Peer-reviewed, English language literature was searched, which resulted in 77 articles for review and synthesis. This synthesis uncovered the underlying mechanism of ‘political commitment’ that generates public participation effectiveness. The other three possible underlying mechanisms, namely: ‘partnership synergy’, ‘inclusiveness’ and ‘deliberativeness’, were found to potentially provide further explanation on public participation effectiveness for health policy and planning. The findings of this review provide evidence that can be useful to health practitioners and decision-makers to actively involve the public when drafting public health policies and programs and, more importantly, guide them in deciding which strategies to best employ for which contexts.
Exploring Recommendations for an Effective Smoking revention Program for Indonesian Adolescents
Publisher: Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
Date: 28-02-2013
DOI: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.865
Abstract: The present qualitative study assessed the need, acceptability and appropriateness for implementing effective and culturally appropriate smoking prevention programs for adolescents in schools in Indonesia. Snowball s ling was used to recruit participants. The study s le comprised a mixture of staff in the education department, junior high school teachers and in iduals who had taught junior high school students in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through one hour in-depth face to face or telephone interviews and analyzed using a descriptive content analysis procedure. School teachers and policy makers in education firmly supported the implementation of a school-based smoking prevention program in Aceh. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program in schools in Aceh should involve both health and Islamic based approaches, and be provided by teachers and external providers. Potential barriers to the program included smoker teachers and parents, time constraints of students and/or teachers, lack of teachers' ability, increase in students' load, the availability of tobacco advertising and sales, and lack of tobacco regulation and support from community and related departments. To increase program effectiveness, involvement of and coordination with other relevant parties are needed. The important stakeholders in Indonesian childhood education agreed that school-based smoking prevention program would be appropriate for junior high school students. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program for adolescents in schools in Indonesia should be appropriate to participants' background and involve all relevant parties.
Social practice theory: An innovative approach to considering preschool children’s poor oral health
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CDOE.12659
Abstract: Oral disease in early childhood is highly prevalent and costly and impacts on the child and family with significant societal costs. Current approaches have largely failed to improve young children's oral health. This paper proposes a different approach to conceptualize poor oral health in preschool children (0‐5 years) using social practices. Social practice theory offers an innovative perspective to understanding oral health by shifting emphasis away from the in idual and onto how practical, social and material arrangements around the oral health of preschool children exist, change or become embedded in the social structures they inhabit. This novel approach contributes to the growing theoretical understanding in this area and has the potential to offer insights into the problem and ways it might be addressed.
Factors Associated With Patient Satisfaction in Outpatient Department of Suva Sub-divisional Health Center, Fiji, 2018: A Mixed Method Study
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-07-2019
Addendum: Kavian, F.; et al. Migration, Stress and the Challenges of Accessing Food: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Recent Afghan Women Refugees in Adelaide, Australia. Int. J. Environ. Res
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-07-2020
Abstract: In the original version of our article [...]
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