ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3146-285X
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications | Optical Physics | Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy | Optics And Opto-Electronic Physics | Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications) | Nanotechnology | Nanotechnology | Electrical and Electronic Engineering | Nanophotonics | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Curatorial and Related Studies | Astronomical and Space Sciences | Mechanical engineering | Manufacturing engineering | Synthesis of Materials | Architectural Heritage and Conservation | Photodetectors, Optical Sensors and Solar Cells | Manufacturing processes and technologies (excl. textiles) | Lasers and quantum electronics | Machine tools | Biophysics | Communications Technologies | Glass | Other Electronic Engineering | Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (excl. Textiles) | Materials Engineering | Organic Semiconductors | Interdisciplinary Engineering | Other Information, Computing And Communication Sciences | Lasers and Quantum Electronics | Astronomical and Space Instrumentation | Optical And Photonic Systems | Stellar Astronomy and Planetary Systems | Materials Conservation | Heritage and Cultural Conservation | Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) | Optical Physics not elsewhere classified | Signal Processing | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Astronomy And Astrophysics | Quantum Optics | Optical Networks and Systems
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Emerging Defence Technologies | Other | Combined operations | Physical sciences | Fixed Line Data Networks and Services | Integrated circuits and devices | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Scientific Instruments | Communication equipment not elsewhere classified | Air Force | National Security | Network switching equipment | Network transmission equipment | Chemical sciences | Other | Ceramics, glass and industrial mineral products not elsewhere classified | Mobile Data Networks and Services | Environmentally Sustainable Plant Production not elsewhere classified | Urban and Industrial Air Quality | Communication Equipment not elsewhere classified | Manufacturing not elsewhere classified | Scientific instrumentation | Rehabilitation of Degraded Urban and Industrial Environments | Diagnostic Methods | Network Infrastructure Equipment | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Health Status (e.g. Indicators of Well-Being) |
Related Links
Publications
Dry etching characteristics of amorphous As2S3 film in CHF3 plasma
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.3041647
Abstract: The authors describe the dry etching characteristics of amorphous As2S3 films in CHF3 plasma and the development of an optimized fabrication process for compact waveguides. The observed etching behavior is due to the relative densities of fluorine atoms, polymer precursors, and ions in the plasma which are controlled by the process parameters. In particular, the flow rate of the CHF3 gas has a significant influence on the etched profile and surface roughness as well as the etch rate of the As2S3. The profile evolves from isotropic to vertical with the flow rate due to passivation by increasing polymer deposition on the sidewalls. Such passivation also helps achieve smooth sidewalls because it inhibits differential etching between the phases in the inherently phase-separated As2S3 film, which otherwise results in a grainy and rough etched surface. At the highest flow rate, however, excessive polymer deposition occurs and this results in positive-sloped sidewall and grassy etched surface due to micromasking.
Pulse train generation by soliton fission in highly nonlinear chalcogenide (As2S3) waveguide Bragg grating
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1049/EL.2009.1463
Chalcogenide Glass Photonic Chips
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 02-2008
Nanoscale phase separation in ultrafast pulsed laser deposited arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) films and its effect on plasma etching
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-10-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2798936
Abstract: We have observed nanoscale phase separation in amorphous arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) films produced by ultrafast pulsed laser deposition and its effect on the surface morphology of the film after plasma etching. When the film was etched in CF4–O2 plasma, a grainy structure was observed on the surface. From Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, we concluded that the grainy structure of the etched surfaces comes from the differential chemical attack between different phases in the film.
Chalcogenide glass photonic crystals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Thermal annealing of arsenic tri-sulphide thin film and its influence on device performance
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3310803
Abstract: Arsenic tri-sulphide (As2S3) thin film waveguides have been used successfully as nonlinear optical devices for all-optical signal processors. For such devices, low propagation loss is vital if high performance is to be obtained. In this study, thermal annealing was employed not only to stabilize the physical properties of the films, but also to reduce the sources of light attenuation in the as-deposited material. Here we investigated heat-induced changes to the microstructure and optical properties of As2S3 thin films and, based on this information, determined the best annealing conditions. The refractive index of the films rises with annealing due to thermal densification and increased heteropolar bond density. The growth of surface roughness and thermal stress in the film, however, limits the annealing temperature to ∼130 °C. We fabricated and analyzed waveguides produced from as-deposited and annealed films and found that the propagation loss of the guides dropped by ∼0.2 dB/cm as a result of appropriate annealing. Rayleigh scattering and absorption from defects associated with phase separation, homopolar bonds, voids, and dangling bonds in the as-deposited film are shown to contribute to the higher light attenuation in unannealed films.
Improved method for hot embossing As_2S_3 waveguides employing a thermally stable chalcogenide coating
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 29-11-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.025447
Photonic-Chip-Based Ultrafast Waveform Analysis and Optical Performance Monitoring
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2012
Efficient coupling to chalcogenide glass photonic crystal waveguides via silica optical fiber nanowires
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 06-02-2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.001070
Abstract: We demonstrate highly efficient evanescent coupling between a highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass two dimensional photonic crystal waveguide and a silica fiber nanowire. We achieve 98% insertion efficiency to the fundamental photonic crystal waveguide mode with a 3dB coupling bandwidth of 12nm, in good agreement with theory. This scheme provides a promising platform to realize low power nanocavity based all-optical switching and logic functions.
Tunable microwave photonic notch filter using on-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
High index contrast polysiloxane waveguides fabricated by dry etching
Publisher: American Vacuum Society
Date: 28-04-2009
DOI: 10.1116/1.3119670
Abstract: The authors demonstrate the production of low loss enhanced index contrast waveguides by reactive ion etching of IPG™ polysiloxane thin films. The use of a silica mask and CHF3∕O2 etch gas led to large etch selectivity between the silica and IPG™ of & and etch rates of & nm∕min. This work indicates that compact optical circuits could be successfully fabricated for telecommunication applications using polysiloxane films.
Microfluidic photonic crystal double heterostructures
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 17-09-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2785988
Abstract: We demonstrate postprocessed and reconfigurable photonic crystal double-heterostructure cavities via selective fluid infiltration. We experimentally investigate the microfluidic cavities via evanescent probing from a tapered fiber at telecommunication wavelengths. Fabry-Pérot fringes associated with modes of the induced cavity are in good agreement with the theory. We also demonstrate a cavity with quality factor Q=4300. Our defect-writing technique does not require nanometer-scale alterations in lattice geometry and may be undertaken at any time after photonic crystal waveguide fabrication.
Low loss Chalcogenide glass waveguides by thermal nano-imprint lithography
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-08-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.019286
SU‐8 protective layer in photo‐resist patterning on As2S3 film
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2011
Abstract: Amorphous chalcogenide thin films, especially arsenic tri‐sulphide (As 2 S 3 ) are emerging as an excellent platform for integrated non‐linear optic devices due to their high non‐linearity as well as low linear and nonlinear optical loss. Fabricating planar As 2 S 3 waveguides, however, is not straightforward because As 2 S 3 is dissolved in alkalis such as photo‐resist developer. In this study we present the application of thin SU‐8 film as a protective layer to prevent the attack of the developer on the As 2 S 3 during photolithographic process. Despite excellent coating feature and simple process of SU‐8 as a protective layer, the delamination between SU‐8 and polymer cladding during chip cleaving hindered its application. We deposited thin Al 2 O 3 on SU‐8 by atomic layer deposition and this intermediate layer could solve the problem. We measured the insertion losses of fabricated waveguides as a function of device lengths and widths. The propagation loss becomes significant in a narrow guide due to the enhanced surface scattering. It was clear that extra losses were engaged in long guides containing bending structures. SU‐8 layer and thin Al 2 O 3 combination allowed reliable and repeatable fabrication process in that it did not induce any extra light scattering or absorption and prevented attack of the As 2 S 3 film by the alkaline developer. Moreover, the device characterisation revealed that SU‐8 layer is superior to PMMA/BARC in terms of propagation loss of waveguide (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dispersion engineered Ge_115As_24Se_645 nanowires with a nonlinear parameter of 136W^-1m^-1 at 1550nm
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 19-08-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.018866
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF Ag-DOPED As2Se3 GLASSES
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1142/S0218863507003524
Abstract: Ag -doped As 2 Se 3 glasses were prepared by the melt-quenching method and the influence of silver doping on the glass structure and optical properties was studied using Raman and UV-Vis-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. For Ag concentrations less than 15 at%, introduction of Ag into As 2 Se 3 glasses mainly leads to the formation of Ag-Se covalent bonds, resulting in destruction of the glass network. This manifests itself by a decrease in the glass transition temperature and low frequency shifts in the As-Se Raman band. When the Ag concentration was higher than 25 at%, some Ag atoms exist in the glass matrix as coordinative bonds, resulting in a slight increase in the glass transition temperature and high frequency shifts in the Raman peaks. The relationship between the glass structure and properties is discussed.
On-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 14-04-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.008285
Designing absorbers for graphene based mid-infrared wide band waveguide photodetectors
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1364/OE.438555
Abstract: The mid–infrared (MIR) spectral region is of great importance in scientific and real-world applications ranging from detecting forming planets to identifying molecular species for industrial process control. Existing instrumentation to perform analyses is neither low cost nor compact, robust, or low power consumption, presenting opportunities for a planar integrated MIR sensing device to cost effectively detect and extract information on a widespread scale and in handheld devices. A key missing element in this vision is low cost waveguide photodetectors, which can cover the necessary wavelength range and are made with a wafer scale process. Graphene based detectors could fill this void. A parametric study is presented on broadband light absorption in graphene on waveguide devices of varied designs, index contrasts and dimensions. Generic design information is provided, and Genetic Annealing algorithms combined with Finite Element modal analysis provide a shortest design of 121 µm long that absorbs % of light from 1 to 10 µm, and a wide range of designs under 500 µm long. This shows for the first time that 2-D material based broadband waveguide MIR photodetectors could be viably integrated in MIR planar optics devices.
Interplay between Raman scattering and four-wave mixing in As_2S_3 chalcogenide glass waveguides
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-10-2011
Higher-order mode grating devices in As_2S_3 chalcogenide glass rib waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 17-05-2007
Long-period gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) rib waveguides
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20062257
Systematic z-scan measurements of the third order nonlinearity of chalcogenide glasses
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 22-04-2014
DOI: 10.1364/OME.4.001011
Photo-induced and Thermal Annealing of Chalcogenide Films for Waveguide Fabrication
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Polarization-independent chalcogenide glass nanowires with anomalous dispersion for alloptical processing
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.013513
Comparison between nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses for the removal of spray paint from granite surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Rebonding of Se to As and Ge in Ge33As12Se55 films upon thermal annealing: Evidence from x-ray photoelectron spectra investigations
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2737785
Abstract: We have measured and analyzed x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of as-grown and annealed Ge33As12Se55 films compared with bulk material. We found that the as-grown film contains a large number of separated Se clusters which can coalesce with As and Ge after annealing at high temperatures. In addition, both the Ge and As 3d spectra show the presence of oxides. While the Ge oxidation increases with an increasing annealing temperature, As oxidation is almost unaffected by annealing. The difference could be due to their different electro-negativities. Our results suggest that, while thermal annealing is effective to move the film toward the bond structure of bulk glass, the simultaneous surface oxidation must be suppressed in order to achieve high quality films.
Photonic chip based transmitter optimization and receiver demultiplexing of a 128 Tbit/s OTDM signal
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 29-07-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.017252
Simultaneous multi-impairment monitoring of 640 Gb/s signals using photonic chip based RF spectrum analyzer
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 12-02-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.003938
An impedimetric immunosensor for the label-free detection of bisphenol A
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-05-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOS.2006.09.010
Abstract: Label-free detection of bisphenol A based on the impedance measurement was achieved with an impedimetric immunosensor. The immunosensor was fabricated by the covalent bond formation between a polyclonal antibody and a carboxylic acid group functionalized onto a nano-particle comprised conducting polymer. By using a commercial reagent 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid (BHPVA), which has an analogous structure of BPA, we have prepared the antigen through the conjugation of BHPVA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and then produced a specific polyclonal antibody. The immobilization of antibody and the interaction between antibody and antigen were studied using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) techniques. The impedance and mass changes due to the specific immuno-interaction at the sensor surface were utilized to detect antigen and bisphenol A (BPA). The immunosensor showed specific recognition of BPA with less interference than 4.5% from other common phenolic compounds. Under an optimized condition, the linear dynamic range of BPA detection was between 1 and 100 ng/ml. The detection limit of bisphenol A was determined to be 0.3+/-0.07 ng/ml. The proposed immunosensor was applied to a human serum s le and the BPA concentration was determined by the standard addition method.
Supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared from a dispersion-engineered As2S3 glass rib waveguide
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 14-09-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OL.37.003870
Abstract: We report the generation of a mid-infrared supercontinuum created by ≈7.5 ps duration pulses at 3260 nm passing through a dispersion engineered As(2)S(3) rib waveguide. The threshold for a 6.6 cm long waveguide was around 800 W and at 1700 W the spectrum extended from ≈2.9-4.2 μm and was limited on the long wavelength side by absorption in the cladding of this particular waveguide.
Higher order mode conversion via focused ion beam milled Bragg gratings in Silicon-on-Insulator waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2004
Abstract: We report the first Bragg gratings fabricated by Focused Ion Beam milling in optical waveguides. We observe striking features in the optical transmission spectra of surface relief gratings in silicon-on-insulator waveguides and achieve good agreement with theoretical results obtained using a novel adaptation of the beam propagation method and coupled mode theory. We demonstrate that leaky Higher Order Modes (HOM), often present in large numbers (although normally not observed) even in nominally single mode rib waveguides, can dramatically affect the Bragg grating optical transmission spectra. We investigate the dependence of the grating spectrum on grating dimensions and etch depth, and show that our results have significant implications for designing narrow spectral width gratings in high index waveguides, either for minimizing HOM effects for conventional WDM filters, or potentially for designing devices to capitalize on very efficient HOM conversion.
Photonic-chip-based all-optical ultra-wideband pulse generation via XPM and birefringence in a chalcogenide waveguide
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 17-01-2013
DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.002003
Greater than 50% inversion in Erbium doped Chalcogenide waveguides
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 28-09-2016
DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.023304
Generation of correlated photon pairs in a chalcogenide As2 S3 waveguide
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 31-01-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3549744
Abstract: We demonstrate a 1550 nm correlated photon-pair source in an integrated glass platform—a chalcogenide As2S3 waveguide. A measured pair coincidence rate of 80s−1 was achieved using 57 mW of continuous-wave pump. The coincidence to accidental ratio was shown to be limited by spontaneous Raman scattering effects that are expected to be mitigated by using a pulsed pump source.
Low loss high index contrast nanoimprinted polysiloxane waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 09-02-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.002623
Abstract: Nanoimprint lithography is gaining rapid acceptance in fields as erse as microelectronics and microfluidics due to its simplicity high resolution and low cost. These properties are critically important for the fabrication of photonic devices, where cost is often the major inhibiting deployment factor for high volume applications. We report here on the use of nanoimprint technology to fabricate low loss broadband high index contrast waveguides in a Polysiloxane polymer system for the first time.
Net-gain from a parametric amplifier on a chalcogenide optical chip
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 24-11-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.020374
Abstract: We report first observation of net-gain from an optical parametric lifier in a planar waveguide. This was achieved in a low-loss As(2)S(3) planar waveguide, with a strong nonlinearity (gamma approximately 10 /W/m) and tailored anomalous dispersion yielding efficient Raman-assisted four-wave mixing at telecom wavelengths. The experiments were in good agreement with theory, and indicate a peak net-gain greater than +16 dB for the signal and idler (+30 dB neglecting coupling losses) and a broad bandwidth spanning 180 nm.
Supercontinuum generation in dispersion engineered highly nonlinear (γ = 10 /W/m) As_2S_3 chalcogenide planar waveguide
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 08-09-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.014938
Abstract: We demonstrate supercontinuum generation in a highly nonlinear As(2)S(3) chalcogenide planar waveguide which is dispersion engineered to have anomalous dispersion at near-infrared wavelengths. This waveguide is 60 mm long with a cross-section of 2 mum by 870 nm, resulting in a nonlinear parameter of 10 /W/m and a dispersion of +29 ps/nm/km. Using pulses with a width of 610 fs and peak power of 68 W, we generate supercontinuum with a 30 dB bandwidth of 750 nm, in good agreement with theory.
Investigation of the effects of femtosecond laser metal surface texturing on bonding of PA6 to steel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Erratum: “Generation of correlated photon pairs in a chalcogenide As2S3 waveguide” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 051101 (2011)]
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 14-03-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3567413
Annealing induced phase transformations in amorphous As2S3 films
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-09-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2353787
Abstract: Amorphous arsenic sulphide (As2S3) films prepared by ultrafast pulsed laser deposition have been vacuum annealed at a range of different temperatures. Measurements of the glass transition temperature indicate that a crystallization process initiates at annealing temperatures around 170°C. In combination with Raman scattering analysis, we conclude that phase separation is intrinsic for our as-deposited films. During annealing two sorts of phase transformation are identified: one between different amorphous polymorphs, and another from the amorphous to a crystalline state. We point out a correlation between these two types of transformation and two characteristic time scales identified from measurements of the relaxation of the refractive index, and explain the Arrhenius and non-Arrhenius behaviors leading to the observed temporal characteristics.
Breakthrough switching speed with an all-optical chalcogenide glass chip: 640 Gbit/s demultiplexing
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 02-02-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.002182
Abstract: We report the first demonstration of error-free 640 Gbit/s demultiplexing using the Kerr non-linearity of an only 5 cm long chalcogenide glass waveguide chip. Our approach exploits four-wave mixing by the instantaneous nonlinear response of chalcogenide. Excellent performance is achieved with only 2 dB average power penalty and no indication of error-floor. Characterisation of the FWM efficiency for the chalcogenide waveguide is given and confirms the good performance of the device.
Thermal characterization of Ge–As–Se glasses by differential scanning calorimetry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2007
Long-Term and Long-Range Migration of Radioactive Fallout in a Karst System
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-10-2010
DOI: 10.1021/ES100954H
Abstract: Mountainous areas are often covered by little evolved soils from which deposited radionuclides can potentially leak into the vadose zone. In the Swiss Jura mountains, we observed unusual isotopic ratios of nuclear weapon test (NWTs) fallout with an apparent loss of NWTs plutonium relative to ¹³⁷Cs of Chernobyl origin in thinner soils. Here, we studied the karstic watershed of a vauclusian spring to determine the residence times of plutonium, ²⁴¹Am, and ⁹⁰Sr deposited by global fallout and their respective mobility in carbonaceous soils. The results show that ⁹⁰Sr is washed most efficiently from the watershed with a residence time of several hundred years. The estimated plutonium residence time is more than 10 times higher (in the range of 5000-10,000 years), and the ²⁴¹Am residence time is double that of plutonium. The spring water ²⁴¹Am/²³⁹+²⁴⁰Pu isotopic ratio is lower (0.12 - 0.28) than found in watershed soils (0.382 ± 0.077). Similar differences are found in aquatic mosses (²⁴¹Am/²³⁹+²⁴⁰Pu isotopic ratio 0.05-0.12), which are permanently submerged in spring waters. In contrast to plutonium, ⁹⁰Sr is leached from these mosses with 0.5M HCl, demonstrating that strontium is probably associated with calcium carbonate precipitations on the mosses. The higher plutonium to americium isotopic ratio found in the s les of spring water and mosses at the outlet of the karst shows that plutonium mobility is enhanced.
Third-harmonic generation in slow-light chalcogenide glass photonic crystal waveguides
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 21-07-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OL.36.002818
Phase-sensitive amplification of light in a χ(3) photonic chip using a dispersion engineered chalcogenide ridge waveguide
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 25-03-2013
DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.007926
Automatic DGD and GVD compensation at 640 Gb/s based on scalar radio-frequency spectrum measurement
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 14-03-2013
DOI: 10.1364/AO.52.001919
Integrated shadow mask for sampled Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As_2S_3) planar waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.007708
Abstract: We have developed a new approach for producing high performance s led Bragg gratings in planar waveguides as a platform for WDM on-chip signal processing in a compact integrated device. Using this method we have successfully integrated a shadow mask directly onto a chalcogenide (As(2)S(3)) waveguide using standard semiconductor processing, eliminating misalignment errors between the mask and waveguide that otherwise occur. Through this integrated mask we demonstrate a very low duty cycle s led Bragg grating with very narrow rejection peaks and spanning a very broad bandwidth.
Experimental demonstration of linearly polarized 2–10 μm supercontinuum generation in a chalcogenide rib waveguide
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 24-02-2016
DOI: 10.1364/OL.41.000958
Femtosecond pulse laser cleaning of biofilm and dirt: Preserving the Sydney Harbour Bridge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Ultrafast all-optical chalcogenide glass photonic circuits
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.009205
Abstract: Focus Serial: Frontiers of Nonlinear Optics Chalcogenide glasses offer large ultrafast third-order nonlinearities, low two-photon absorption and the absence of free carrier absorption in a photosensitive medium. This unique combination of properties is nearly ideal for all-optical signal processing devices. In this paper we review the key properties of these materials, outline progress in the field and focus on several recent highlights: high quality gratings, signal regeneration, pulse compression and wavelength conversion.
Single parameter optimization for simultaneous automatic compensation of multiple orders of dispersion for a 128 Tbaud signal
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 30-11-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.025512
Lower variability of radionuclide activities in upland dairy products compared to soils and vegetation: Implication for environmental survey
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2006.08.008
Abstract: Contamination of the environment by radionuclides is usually estimated using soil and grass s ling. However, radionuclides are often not homogeneously distributed in soils. In the alpine Mercantour region (Western Alps, France) a large heterogeneity in Chernobyl 137Cs deposition has been previously observed. Here we report additional 137Cs results together with new 90Sr and Pu data for soil, grass, milk, and cheese s les. The results show that radioisotopes from nuclear weapons tests fallout are more homogeneously distributed than Chernobyl 137Cs. Further, we observe that the 137Cs and 90Sr contents are less variable in milk s les than in grass or soil s les. This can be attributed to the homogenization effect of cow vagrancy during grazing. Hence milk seems to be a more robust s le than soil or grass to evaluate the extent of contamination on a regional scale. We explore this idea by comparing own unpublished 90Sr results and 90Sr results from the literature to establish the relationship between altitude of grazing and contamination of soil and milk for Western Europe. There is a significant positive correlation between soil contamination and altitude and an even closer correlation between milk 90Sr activity (A) and altitude (h): A = A0 + e(k x h) where A0 is the expected activity of milk s led at sea level (A0 = 0.064 +/- 0.014 Bq g(-1) Ca) and h is the altitude of grazing, k being a constant (k = 0.95 x 10(-3) +/- 0.11 x 10(-3) m(-1) Bq g(-1) Ca). The fact that there is less scattering in the relationship for the 90Sr(milk)-altitude than for 90Sr(soil)-altitude suggests, again, that milk is a well-suited s le for environmental survey. The relationship between the altitude of grazing and the 90Sr content of milk and cheese can also be used to assess the authenticity of dairy products.
Physical Aging of Arsenic Trisulfide Thick Films and Bulk Materials
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2007
Photonic chip-based simultaneous multi-impairment monitoring for phase-modulated optical signals
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2010
Photowritten high-Q cavities in two-dimensional chalcogenide glass photonic crystals
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 20-11-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OL.34.003671
Properties of Ge_xAs_ySe_1-x-y glasses for all-optical signal processing
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.002804
Abstract: We present a systematic study of Ge(x)As(y)Se(1-x-y) bulk chalcogenide glasses to determine the best composition for fabricating all-optical devices. The dependence of physical parameters such as the band-gap, glass transition temperature and third order optical nonlinearity (n(2)) on composition has been studied and a relation between the bond-structure and elevated linear loss levels in high Germanium glasses has been identified. It is found that glasses with 11<x<13 % are most suitable for all-optical devices.
Observation of Brillouin dynamic grating in a photonic chip
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 21-01-2013
DOI: 10.1364/OL.38.000305
Large phase shifts in As_2S_3 waveguides for all-optical processing devices
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1364/OL.30.002605
Abstract: A large phase shift of 4.7pi at 1.53 microm has been observed from a low-loss (0.2 dB/cm), small-core As2S3 waveguide fabricated by dry etching. The strength of the nonlinear response was limited by photosensitivity and photocrystallization of the As2S3 films at 1.53 microm, far below the material bandgap.
Tunable wideband microwave photonic phase shifter using on-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 11-11-2014
DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.028810
Frontiers in microphotonics: tunability and all-optical control
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-12-2006
Abstract: The miniaturization of optical devices and their integration for creating adaptive and reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits requires effective platforms and methods to control light over very short distances. We present here several techniques and objects that we have developed to harness light at the sub-micrometer scale. These new tools include planar photonic crystal on nonlinear chalcogenide glasses, tapered silica fibres, optofluidics, and optical trapping. Their association could provide the basic building blocks of completely new architectures and platforms that would have an impact on numerous applications, from optical logic to sensing.
Photosensitive post tuning of chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.001277
Abstract: We present experimental results on post-tuning the dispersion of a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide made from Ge(33)As(12)Se(55) chalcogenide glass by exploiting the material photosensitivity to near-bandgap light. The change in the refractive index and volume of the material in response to exposure to 633nm light resulted in a shift of more than 5nm in the resonant coupling wavelength between a tapered optical fiber and the modes of a W1 waveguide. This represents a first proof of principle demonstration of the photosensitive post-tuning of a planar photonic crystal device.
Surface Roughness in Plasma-Etched $\hbox{As}_{\bf 2}\hbox{S}_{\bf 3}$ Films: Its Origin and Improvement
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2008
Photosensitive and thermal nonlinear effects in chalcogenide photonic crystal cavities
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 06-12-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.026695
Chip-based Brillouin processing for carrier recovery in self-coherent optical communications
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-09-2018
Broadband wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s using long serpentine As_2S_3 planar waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.015047
Abstract: We demonstrate broadband wavelength conversion of a 40 Gb/s return-to-zero signal by cross-phase modulation in a newly developed chalcogenide glass waveguide based photonic chip. These new serpentine As(2)S(3) waveguides offer a nonlinear coefficient approximately 1700 W(-1)km(-1) with 5x lower propagation loss over a length of 22.5 cm which ensures the full propagation length contributes towards the nonlinear process. This reduces the peak operating power thereby allowing a x4 increase in the data rate compared with previous results. Spectral measurements show the device operates over a span of 40 nm while system measurements show just over 1 dB of power penalty at a bit-error rate of 10(-9). This is primarily due to the compact planar waveguide design which minimizes the effect of groupvelocity dispersion.
All optical wavelength conversion via cross phase modulation in chalcogenide glass rib waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.011242
Abstract: We demonstrate all-optical wavelength conversion in a 5 cm As(2)S(3) chalcogenide glass rib waveguide with 5.4 ps pulses over a wavelength range of 10 nm near 1550 nm. We present frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) measurements that show good converted pulse integrity in terms of litude and phase in the frequency and time domains. The short interaction length ensures that dispersion induced walk-off does not hinder the conversion range of the device.
Characterisation of chalcogenide 2D photonic crystal waveguides and nanocavities using silica fibre nanowires
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Fabrication of planar photonic crystals in a chalcogenide glass using a focused ion beam
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 18-04-2005
Abstract: Free-standing "AMTIR-1" (Ge33As12Se55) chalcogenide glass films have been patterned using a focused ion beam (FIB) to create two-dimensional photonic crystal membranes. The triangular lattices were selected for a photonic bandgap relevant to fiber telecommunications. Optical measurements of transmission spectra as a function of incident angle showed clear signs of Fano resonances, indicating that the structures had strongly modified guided modes.
Investigation of all-optical analog-to-digital quantization using a chalcogenide waveguide: A step towards on-chip analog-to-digital conversion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Formation of nanochannels in sapphire with ultrashort Bessel pulses
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 09-02-2022
DOI: 10.1364/OE.449230
Abstract: We explore, both by numerical simulations and experimentally, the flexibility in controlling Bessel beam parameters by re-imaging it into transparent material with a demagnifying collimator for the formation of high-aspect ratio nanochannels. Analysis of nanochannels produced by in-house precision-made axicon with 275 fs pulses in sapphire reveals the intensity threshold of ∼7.2 × 10 13 W/cm 2 required to create the cylindrical microexplosion. We estimate that the maximum applied pressure during the process was 1.5 TPa and that the resulting density of compressed sapphire in the nanochannel’s shells are ∼1.19 ± 0.02 times higher than the pristine crystal, and higher than what was achieved before in spherical microexplosion with Gaussian pulses.
Photonic chip based ultrafast optical processing based on high nonlinearity dispersion engineered chalcogenide waveguides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-12-2011
Wide-range, high-precision multiple microwave frequency measurement using a chip-based photonic Brillouin filter
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 07-01-2016
Low loss coupling to sub-micron thick rib and nanowire waveguides by vertical tapering
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 05-02-2013
DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.003582
Optical phase conjugation by an As_2S_3 glass planar waveguide for dispersion-free transmission of WDM-DPSK signals over fiber
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 06-12-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.026686
High-Resolution Optical Sampling of 640-Gb/s Data Using Four-Wave Mixing in Dispersion-Engineered Highly Nonlinear As$_2$S$_3$ Planar Waveguides
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2010
Low Raman-noise correlated photon-pair generation in a dispersion-engineered chalcogenide As_2S_3 planar waveguide
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-08-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OL.37.003393
Error-free wavelength conversion via cross-phase modulation in 5 cm of As2S3 chalcogenide glass rib waveguide
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20071470
Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator waveguides by focused ion beam milling
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 22-11-2004
DOI: 10.1063/1.1824182
Abstract: We report Bragg grating structures fabricated by focused ion beam milling in optical waveguides, and demonstrate that they can be used as a powerful diagnostic of optical modes in very high index waveguides. We show that higher-order lossy modes, which can be present in large numbers even in single-moded silicon-on-insulator waveguides, can dramatically affect the optical transmission spectra of Bragg gratings in these waveguides, even though these modes are normally not observable. Our results not only illuminate challenges to realize practical gratings in high index waveguides, but raise the possibility of devices based on mode conversion to extremely high order modes.
Low propagation loss silicon-on-sapphire waveguides for the mid-infrared
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 25-07-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.015212
Barriers and progress in the treatment of low back pain
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2011
Photonic-chip-based tunable slow and fast light via stimulated Brillouin scattering
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OL.37.000969
Abstract: We report the first (to our knowledge) demonstration of photonic chip based tunable slow and fast light via stimulated Brillouin scattering. Slow, fast, and negative group velocities were observed in a 7 cm long chalcogenide (As(2)S(3)) rib waveguide with a group index change ranging from ~-44 to +130, which results in a maximum delay of ~23 ns at a relatively low gain of ~23 dB. Demonstration of large tunable delays in a chip scale device opens up applications such as frequency sensing and true-time delay for a phased array antenna, where integration and delays ~10 ns are highly desirable.
Submicrometer-Thick Low-Loss As$_2$S$_3$ Planar Waveguides for Nonlinear Optical Devices
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2010
Dispersion engineered As_2S_3 planar waveguides for broadband four-wave mixing based wavelength conversion of 40 Gb/s signals
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 23-02-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.003514
Abstract: We demonstrate broadband wavelength conversion of a 40 Gb/s return-to-zero signal using four-wave-mixing (FWM) in a dispersion engineered chalcogenide glass waveguide. The 6 cm long planar rib waveguide 2 mum wide was fabricated in a 0.87 mum thick film etched 350nm deep to correspond to a design where waveguide dispersion offsets the material leading to near-zero dispersion in the C-band and broadband phase matched FWM. The reduced dimensions also enhance the nonlinear coefficient to 9800 W(-1)km(-1) at 1550 nm enabling broadband conversion in a shorter device. In this work, we demonstrate 80 nm wavelength conversions with 1.65 dB of power penalty at a bit-error rate of 10(-9). Spectral measurements and simulations indicate extended broadband operation is possible.
Progress in optical waveguides fabricated from chalcogenide glasses
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 06-12-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.026635
Pump-degenerate phase-sensitive amplification in chalcogenide waveguides
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-03-2014
Sampled Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) rib-waveguides
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.009451
Abstract: We have written a s led Bragg grating into a highly photosensitive chalcogenide (As(2)S(3)) rib-waveguide using a scanning Sagnac interferometer. The grating exhibits evenly spaced rejection peaks over a 40 nm bandwidth. We estimate the induced refractive index change of the waveguide to be over 0.03 by matching the measured spectrum to numerical solutions of the coupled mode equations while accounting for an induced chirp. The s led Bragg grating presented is comparable in strength and bandwidth to the best s led Bragg gratings obtained to date in silica optical fibre.
High Q factor chalcogenide ring resonators for cavity-enhanced MIR spectroscopic sensing
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 23-07-2015
DOI: 10.1364/OE.23.019969
Photonic chip based tunable and reconfigurable narrowband microwave photonic filter using stimulated Brillouin scattering
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.018836
On-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 08-09-2011
DOI: 10.1117/12.894515
Characterizing photonic crystal waveguides with an expanded k-space evanescent coupling technique
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 21-08-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.013800
Abstract: We demonstrate a direct, single measurement technique for characterizing the dispersion of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG) using a tapered fiber evanescent coupling method. A highly curved fiber taper is used to probe the Fabry-Pérot spectrum of a closed PCWG over a broad k-space range, and from this measurement the dispersive properties of the waveguide can be found. Waveguide propagation losses can also be estimated from measurements of closed waveguides with different lengths. The validity of this method is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained on a 'W1' PCWG in chalcogenide glass with numerical simulation.
Ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of granite for stone conservation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Cavity enhanced stimulated brillouin scattering in an optical chip for multiorder Stokes generation
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-09-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OL.36.003687
Ultrahigh-bandwidth, on-chip all-optical pulse erasure using the χ^(3) process in a nonlinear chalcogenide waveguide
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 14-01-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OL.36.000298
Long, low loss etched As_2S_3 chalcogenide waveguides for all-optical signal regeneration
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.014414
Abstract: We report on the fabrication and optical properties of etched highly nonlinear As(2)S(3) chalcogenide planar rib waveguides with lengths up to 22.5 cm and optical losses as low as 0.05 dB/cm at 1550 nm - the lowest ever reported. We demonstrate strong spectral broadening of 1.2 ps pulses, in good agreement with simulations, and find that the ratio of nonlinearity and dispersion linearizes the pulse chirp, reducing the spectral oscillations caused by self-phase modulation alone. When combined with a spectrally offset band-pass filter, this gives rise to a nonlinear transfer function suitable for all-optical regeneration of high data rate signals.
Divergent evolution of arrested development in the dauer stage of Caenorhabditis elegans and the infective stage of Heterodera glycines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Photonic-chip-based radio-frequency spectrum analyser with terahertz bandwidth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2009
Characterization and modeling of Fano resonances in chalcogenide photonic crystal membranes
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2006
Abstract: We demonstrate resonant guiding in a chalcogenide glass photonic crystal membrane. We observe strong resonances in the optical transmission spectra at normal incidence, associated with Fano coupling between free space and guided modes. We obtain good agreement with modeling results based on three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations, and identify the guided modes near the centre of the first Brillouin zone responsible for the main spectral features.
Photonic chip-based all-optical XOR gate for 40 and 160 Gbit/s DPSK signals
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 28-02-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OL.36.000710
High-Quality Polarization-Insensitive Polysiloxane Waveguide Gratings Produced by UV Nanoimprint Lithography
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2010
Automatic dispersion compensation for 1.28Tb/s OTDM signal transmission using photonic-chip-based dispersion monitoring
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 19-11-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.025415
On the properties and stability of thermally evaporated Ge–As–Se thin films
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2009
Low-power, chip-based stimulated Brillouin scattering microwave photonic filter with ultrahigh selectivity
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 21-01-2015
Terahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analysis of femtosecond pulses using a chalcogenide chip
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 19-05-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.009314
Abstract: We report the first demonstration of the use of an RF spectrum analyser with multi-terahertz bandwidth to measure the properties of femtosecond optical pulses. A low distortion and broad measurement bandwidth of 2.78 THz (nearly two orders of magnitude greater than conventional opto-electronic analyzers) was achieved by using a 6 cm long As(2)S(3) chalcogenide waveguide designed for high Kerr nonlinearity and near zero dispersion. Measurements of pulses as short as 260 fs produced from a soliton-effect compressor reveal features not evident from the pulse's optical spectrum. We also applied an inverse Fourier transform numerically to the captured data to re-construct a time-domain waveform that resembled pulse measurement obtained from intensity autocorrelation.
Wavelength Conversion of High-Speed Phase and Intensity Modulated Signals Using a Highly Nonlinear Chalcogenide Glass Chip
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2010
Ultrashort pulse laser ablation of steel in ambient air
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Applications of Highly-Nonlinear Chalcogenide Glass Devices Tailored for High-Speed All-Optical Signal Processing
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2008
Fabrication of low loss Ge33As12Se55 (AMTIR-1) planar waveguides
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-07-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2754360
Abstract: The authors describe the fabrication of low loss Ge33As12Se55 rib waveguides. Pulsed laser deposition was used to obtain high quality, dense films with the same stoichiometry as the bulk glass, while standard semiconductor processing was used to pattern the waveguides. They obtained rib waveguides of 3, 4, and 5μm wide with propagation losses (0.3dB∕cm at 1550nm) more than ten times lower than previously reported for this material.
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