ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2359-836X
Current Organisation
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
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Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-06-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-05-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.2C00469
Abstract: Interfacial tension (IFT) is a crucial parameter in many natural and industrial processes, such as enhanced oil recovery and subsurface energy storage. IFT determines how easy the fluids can pass through pore throats and hence will decide how much residual fluids will be left behind. Here, we use a porous glass micromodel to investigate the dynamic IFT between oil and Armovis viscoelastic surfactant (VES) solution based on the concept of drop deformation while passing through a pore throat. Three different concentrations of VES, that is, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25% vol% prepared using 57 K ppm synthetic seawater, were used in this study. The rheology obtained using a rheometer at ambient temperature showed zero shear viscosity of 325, 1101, and 1953 cP for 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.25% VES, respectively, with a power-law region between 2 and 50 1/s. The dynamic IFT increases with the shear rate and then reaches a plateau. The results of IFT were compared with those obtained from the spinning drop method, which shows 97% accuracy for 1.25% VES, whereas the accuracy decreased to 65% for 0.75 VES and 51% for 0.5% VES. The findings indicate that we can reliably estimate the IFT of VES at higher concentrations directly during multiphase flow in porous micromodels without the need to perform separate experiments and wait for a long time to reach equilibrium.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-03-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES27051739
Abstract: An understanding of clay mineral surface chemistry is becoming critical as deeper levels of control of reservoir rock wettability via fluid–solid interactions are sought. Reservoir rock is composed of many minerals that contact the crude oil and control the wetting state of the rock. Clay minerals are one of the minerals present in reservoir rock, with a high surface area and cation exchange capacity. This is a first-of-its-kind study that presents zeta potential measurements and insights into the surface charge development process of clay minerals (chlorite, illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) in a native reservoir environment. Presented in this study as well is the effect of fluid salinity, composition, and oilfield operations on clay mineral surface charge development. Experimental results show that the surface charge of clay minerals is controlled by electrostatic and electrophilic interactions as well as the electrical double layer. Results from this study showed that clay minerals are negatively charged in formation brines as well as in deionized water, except in the case of chlorite, which is positively charged in formation water. In addition, a negative surface charge results from oilfield operations, except for operations at a high alkaline pH range of 10–13. Furthermore, a reduction in the concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, and bicarbonate ions does not reverse the surface charge of the clay minerals however, an increase in sulfate ion concentration does. Established in this study as well, is a good correlation between the zeta potential value of the clay minerals and contact angle, as an increase in fluid salinity results in a reduction of the negative charge magnitude and an increase in contact angle from 63 to 102 degree in the case of chlorite. Lastly, findings from this study provide vital information that would enhance the understanding of the role of clay minerals in the improvement of oil recovery.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-08-2023
Publisher: Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)
Date: 09-02-2023
DOI: 10.2118/214324-PA
Abstract: Anhydrite (CaSO4) is a chemically reactive rock/mineral found predominantly as a constituent of carbonates. The main constituents of anhydrite are calcium and sulfate ions. The presence of anhydrite, its distribution, and the associated anhydrite-fluid interactions are important to precisely evaluate the effectiveness of oil recovery techniques. While anhydrite dissolution is the key interaction mechanism in anhydrite-rich rocks, its presence may also lead to complex rock wetting behavior. The underpinning logic is that pure anhydrite is strongly water-wet, while pure calcite and dolomite are somewhat intermediate to weakly oil-wet, thus the question remains unclear as to what the wettability would be of anhydrite and calcite, and anhydrite and dolomite combinations. Moreover, because anhydrite is negatively charged while dolomite and calcite in formation water (FW) are positively charged, depending on the mixture composition, pH, and brine type, it is not clear what the charge would be of a combination of anhydrite-calcite or anhydrite-dolomite, and, consequently, what the wetting behavior of calcite and dolomite would be due to anhydrite presence. Therefore, this research explores the effect of anhydrite mineral on carbonate wetting characteristics. The effect of mineralogical heterogeneity, specifically the presence of anhydrite minerals in calcite and dolomite wettability, is investigated across a range of scales. The results show that anhydrite dissolution occurs in deionized (DI) water, seawater (SW), and FW as evident from the general increase in sulfate ions concentration with increased anhydrite content in the anhydrite-carbonate system. We also found that zeta potential demonstrates an unstable colloidal system, which is indicated by near-zero and low zeta potential values (less than ±10) of the anhydrite-carbonate-brine systems. It also shows a nonmonotonic wetting behavior with brine salinity and pH variations. Accordingly, the zeta potential is not a general and valid candidate to justify the wettability behavior of heterogeneous carbonates. However, based on flotation and contact angle techniques of wettability estimation, anhydrite presence has the tendency to alter the wetting state of anhydrite-carbonate-brine-oil systems to more water-wet. Thus, findings from this research will provide answers to the question of how the mineralogy affects the wetting characteristics of carbonates. What will be the changes in carbonate wetting behavior with mineralogical heterogeneity? Specifically, what would be the wettability of calcite-anhydrite and dolomite-anhydrite combinations? This research therefore provides a systematic investigation of rock/fluid interactions and their implications on wettability and ultimate recovery of oil at different range scales. The findings from this study will significantly enhance our knowledge of fluid-rock interactions, in particular, anhydrite-rich carbonate wetting behavior, thereby reducing the uncertainties associated with laboratory-scale predictions and oil recovery planning.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.13806
Location: Saudi Arabia
No related grants have been discovered for Muhammad Shahzad Kamal.