ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5874-5687
Current Organisation
Boston University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Mechanical engineering | Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-11-2017
DOI: 10.3390/MA10111261
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12616
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ARCHORALBIO.2019.03.026
Abstract: To investigate the effect of cranberry extracts on saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms with regards to biofilm biomass, acidogenicity, exopolysaccharide (EPS)/microbial biovolumes, colony forming unit (CFU) counts, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacteria. Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated for 2 min every 12 h over the entire biofilm growth period with 500 μg/mL cranberry extract or vehicle control. The effect of the cranberry extract on biofilm behaviour was evaluated using different assays and its influence on key cariogenic and health-associated bacterial populations was assessed with a microarray real-time quantitative PCR method. Cranberry-treated biofilms showed significant drops in biomass (38% reduction, P < 0.001), acidogenicity (44% reduction, P < 0.001), EPS/microbial biovolume ratios (P = 0.033), and CFU counts (51% reduction, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the cranberry extracts effected a significantly lower relative abundance of caries-associated Streptococcus sobrinus (fold change 0.004, P = 0.002) and Provotella denticola (0.002, P < 0.001), and a significantly higher relative abundance of the health-associated Streptococcus sanguinis (fold change 90.715, P = 0.001). The cranberry extract lowered biofilm biomass, acidogenicity, EPS/microbial biovolumes, CFU counts, and modulated a beneficial microbial ecological change in saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/9364963
Abstract: Purpose . Supernumerary roots in permanent mandibular molar teeth make endodontic treatment more complicated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Radix Entomolaris (RE) in permanent mandibular first and second molars in the population of Kerman, in the southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods . From a collection of 500 mandibular first and second molar teeth extracted over 2015-2016 at dental clinics in Kerman, teeth were scored for an additional distolingual root, and the average root length and root morphology of this extra root were determined using the De Moor classification scheme. Results . In this population, RE occurred in 6% of mandibular first molars (4% with a straight apex (Type I) and 2% with buccal apical curvature (Type III)). In all cases, RE was the shortest root, with an average root length of 18.37 mm. RE occurred in only 0.8% of mandibular second molars, with an average root length of 18.0 mm. All mandibular second molars with RE were of Type III. Fisher’s exact test showed that the difference in frequency between first and second molars was statistically significant (two-sided P = 0.002 ). Conclusion . Radix Entomolaris occurs more frequently in mandibular first molars than in mandibular second molars in this s le of 500 mandibular molars. The reported rate of 6% in first molars is expected to be higher than reported rates in European or Caucasian populations where the prevalence is typically less than 2%.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS12020298
Abstract: Topical cariostatic agents have become a reasonable alternative for managing dental caries in young children. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a practical topical approach to arrest caries and avoid extensive and risky dental treatment. However, the literature demonstrates a parental hesitation towards accepting SDF because of black unaesthetic tooth discolouration following application. The rapid oxidation of ionic silver darkens demineralised tooth structure permanently. In this regard, nano-metallic antimicrobials could augment or substitute for silver, and thereby enhance SDF aesthetic performance. Recently, biomedical research has drawn attention to selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral potencies. Various in vitro studies have examined the effect of SeNPs on the virulence of bacteria. This narrative review explores practical issues when using SDF and suggests future directions to develop it, focusing on antimicrobial metals. Several methods are described that could be followed to reduce the discolouration concern, including the use of nanoparticles of silver, of silver fluoride, or of selenium or other metals with antimicrobial actions. There could also be value in using remineralising agents other than fluoride, such as NPs of hydroxyapatite. There could be variations made to formulations in order to lower the levels of silver and fluoride in the SDF or even to replace one or both of the silver and fluoride components completely. Moreover, since oxidation processes appear central to the chemistry of the staining, adding SeNPs which have antioxidant actions could have an anti-staining benefit SeNPs could be used for their antimicrobial actions as well. Future research should address the topic of selenium chemistry to optimise how SeNPs would be used with or in place of ionic silver. Incorporating other antimicrobial metals as nanoparticles should also be explored, taking into account the optimal physicochemical parameters for each of these.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-07-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12535
Abstract: This systematic review aimed to determine whether there is consensus for antibiotic prescription in healthy patients undergoing implant placement. A search of PubMed, Embase and Medline databases was conducted in January 2016 to find published journal articles on the use of antibiotics in implant placement, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The inclusion criteria were prospective human clinical trials investigating antibiotic usage during implant placement. Fifteen studies were deemed suitable. In 13 studies, no statistical difference was found between antibiotic use and the incidence of prosthetic failure, implant failure and early postoperative infections. These were rated as having low to high risk bias. Contrary results were reported in two studies, both of which were rated as having a high potential for bias. In conclusion, antibiotic use in healthy patients for the prophylaxis of surgical infection associated with dental implant placement does not appear to improve clinical outcomes. Practitioners should apply principles of antimicrobial stewardship and not use antibiotics as a routine measure in healthy patients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.2009.01107.X
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activities of various endodontic medicaments and their bases against selected organisms using an agar diffusion assay. An agar well diffusion assay was used to test the antimicrobial action of some commonly used endodontic medicaments (Ledermix paste, Pulpdent paste, Ultracal paste, and a 50:50 mix of Ledermix and Pulpdent pastes) and their bases. Three bacterial species (E. faecalis, P. micros, P. intermedia) and one yeast (C. albicans) were selected. The diameters of growth inhibition zones and pH were assessed. P. micros demonstrated the highest level of in vitro resistance. Pulpdent and Ultracal pastes had the highest pH (12.64 and 12.53, respectively). The addition of Pulpdent to Ledermix did not increase the zone sizes significantly. All the commercial products showed some in vitro antimicrobial activity. Ledermix paste and the 50:50 Ledermix/Pulpdent mixture being the most effective in this model. The known anti-inflammatory/analgesic properties of Ledermix and the results from this agar model suggest that the 50:50 Ledermix/Pulpdent combination would be the preferred medicament for clinical use in symptomatic cases, even though the addition of calcium hydroxide to Ledermix did not appear to be synergistic in terms of enhancing the antimicrobial action.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2017.01.022
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the fluorescence properties of dry and wet s les of contemporary tooth-coloured restorative materials using a fluorescence based DSLR camera and a variety of LEDs emitting different wavelengths of visible light as excitation sources. The materials examined included resin composites ceramics and hybrid restorative materials such as ormocers, Vita Enamic™ and resin reinforced glass-ionomer cements. The levels of fluorescence for each s le under different combinations of incident light wavelengths and filters was analysed by using histogram data for colour channels from Adobe Photoshop software. Fluorescence patterns were influenced by water sorption of the materials. UV-A/Violet light (405±nm) produced the greatest range of luminosity values (10-204) amongst the tooth-coloured restorative materials, and showed the greatest differences between restorations and tooth structure. The best filter combinations with violet light were orange or yellow filters. Under ultraviolet excitation, Fuji VIII A2 exhibited a unique bright pink fluorescence emission, while VitaEnamic™, ormocer and glass-ionomer cements emitted bluish-pink fluorescence emissions. In conclusion, restorative materials exhibited varied emission pattern under UV-A (405nm) light, which enables their detection and differentiation from natural tooth structure.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOEN.2015.02.033
Abstract: The setting times of commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cements vary. It was hypothesized that much of this variation was caused by differences in particle size distribution. Two gram s les from 11 MTA-type cements were analyzed by laser diffraction to determine their particle size distributions characterized by their percentile equivalent diameters (the 10th percentile, the median, and the 90th percentile [d90], respectively). Setting time data were received from manufacturers who performed indentation setting time tests as specified by the standards relevant to dentistry, ISO 6786 (9 respondents) or ISO 9917.1 (1 respondent), or not ulged to the authors (1 respondent). In a parallel experiment, 6 s les of different size graded Portland cements were produced using the same cement clinker. The measurement of setting time for Portland cement pastes was performed using American Society for Testing and Materials C 191. Cumulative heat release was measured using isothermal calorimetry to assess the reactions occurring during the setting of these pastes. In all experiments, linear correlations were assessed between setting times, heat release, and the 3 particle size parameters. Particle size varied considerably among MTA cements. For MTA cements, d90 was the particle size characteristic showing the highest positive linear correlation with setting time (r = 0.538). For Portland cement, d90 gave an even higher linear correlation for the initial setting time (r = 0.804) and the final setting time (r = 0.873) and exhibited a strong negative linear correlation for cumulative heat release (r = 0.901). Smaller particle sizes result in faster setting times, with d90 (the largest particles) being most closely correlated with the setting times of the s les.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1986
DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(86)90023-1
Abstract: Epithelial sheets from the limbus, cornea, and third eyelid of Hereford and non-Hereford cattle were examined for the presence of Langerhans cells (LC) using the membrane enzyme ATPase as a marker for LC. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that differences in LC density exist between the various ocular epithelia of these animals producing depressed immune surveillance in the case of Hereford cattle. The presence of LC in ocular tissues was confirmed by parallel studies which detected epithelial cells bearing T6, an antigen expressed by human LC. Studies using serial sections demonstrated that T6+ cells also reacted with an anti-human HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. The detection of T6+, DR+ and ATPase+ cells in ocular epithelium in the absence of infiltrating macrophages suggested that LC are present in these tissues. While there were no significant differences in the density of T6+ cells between non-Hereford and Hereford cattle, in the latter ATPase+ cells were significantly fewer in the lateral, medial, and upper limbus.
Publisher: Kare Publishing
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/AEJ.12170
Abstract: This study aims to assess education on the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine among members of the Australian Society of Endodontology (ASE), a society of specialist endodontists (ED) and general dentists with an interest in endodontics (GD). The study also aims to compare the procedural preferences relating to perforation repair, apical barrier, root-end filling and regenerative endodontics. A structured online questionnaire was used, which sought details of the education in the use of MTA and the procedural steps involved in perforation repair, apical barrier, root-end filling and regenerative endodontics. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the GD with ED. Responses were received from 208 out of 499 ASE members. Some 40% of the total respondents were ED. Almost all ED (98.8%) and some GD (39.8%) used MTA for perforation repairs. Likewise, almost all ED (96.3%) and some GD (42.7%) used MTA for apical barrier procedures. Lack of experience was more of a barrier to its use for GD (48.7%) than its high cost (31.6%). Few members used Biodentine. Significant differences exist in how MTA is used between GD and ED. Experience in handling MTA is a larger barrier to its widespread use in endodontics than its cost.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-12-2018
DOI: 10.1111/EOS.12602
Abstract: Dark-colored fruit berries are a rich source of polyphenols that could provide innovative bioactive molecules as natural weapons against dental caries. High-quality extracts of cranberry, blueberry, and strawberry, and a combination of the three berry extracts (Orophenol), were used to treat 24-h-old Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The grown biofilms were treated with the berry extracts at concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 500 μg ml
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/EOS.12802
Abstract: Finite element analysis has been a valuable research tool for rotary nickel‐titanium endodontic files over the last two decades. This review aims to summarise and critique the methodology as used in currently available endodontic literature for finite element analysis of rotary nickel‐titanium instruments. An electronic literature research in PubMed and Scopus databases was performed using the appropriate search terms, and the titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. The review revealed an inconsistent approach to the finite element method, particularly with regards to the boundary conditions in which the instruments are tested. Moreover, there is a lack of experimental data to validate in silico findings. A standardised protocol to finite element analysis of rotary endodontic instruments could be considered for future studies.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/PHARMACEUTICS14112302
Abstract: Micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-based therapies show advantages for bone regeneration but need efficient intracellular delivery methods. Inorganic nanoparticles such as mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGN) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have received growing interest in the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. This study explores the capacity of MBGN and MSN for delivering miRNA to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) for bone regenerative purposes, with a focus on comparing the two in terms of cell viability, transfection efficiency, and osteogenic actions. Spherical MBGN and MSN with a particle size of ~200 nm and small-sized mesopores were prepared using the sol-gel method, and then the surface was modified with polyethyleneimine for miRNA loading and delivery. The results showed miRNA can be loaded into both nanoparticles within 2 h and was released sustainedly for up to 3 days. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry analysis indicated a high transfection efficiency ( %) of both nanoparticles without statistical difference. Compared with MSN, MBGN showed stronger activation of alkaline phosphatase and activation of osteocalcin genes. This translated to a greater osteogenic effect of MBGN on BMSC, with Alizarin red staining showing greater mineralization compared with the MSN group. These findings show the potential for MBGN to be used in bone tissue engineering.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JIR.12834
Abstract: There is a dearth of literature available on the comparative oral health status of those with Rett syndrome (RTT) despite diurnal bruxism being a supportive diagnostic criterion for the disorder. This study was designed to investigate the dental experiences of in iduals with RTT in terms of perceived at-home and professional dental care. Using data in the InterRett database, provided by English-speaking families of in iduals with a confirmed MECP2 genetic mutation, the study investigated relationships between dental problems, oral care, child factors including bruxism and use of gastrostomy, and socioeconomic indicators. The study also explored relationships between dental presentations and socioeconomic, child, and family-related factors. In iduals with RTT exhibiting bruxism were more likely to access dental treatment. Those who had full oral feeding had a higher incidence rate of dental treatment than those with full tube feeding. A conservative (under) estimation of the overall dental caries progression rate revealed that this may be similar to that of the normal population. Drivers for dental treatment in RTT include bruxism as well as dental caries. Those who have full oral feeding experience more dental treatment than those with full tube feeding. A higher maternal education level may confer a protective effect for oral health outcomes in those with RTT. Nevertheless, families generally tended to value the importance of oral health despite reported difficulties in day-to-day mouth care.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.2007.TB00472.X
Abstract: Laser-activated fluoride (LAF) therapy with 488 nm laser energy has been shown previously to increase the resistance of human enamel and dentine to acid dissolution in laboratory models of dental caries. The aims of this study were to examine whether LAF therapy, conducted using a range of wavelengths in the visible and near infrared regions, can protect human dental enamel from an artificial cariogenic challenge. Buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted sound, molar and premolar teeth were used to prepare matched pairs of enamel slabs (N=10 per group). After application of neutral sodium fluoride gel (12300 ppm F ion), slab surfaces were lased (energy density 15 J/cm2 spot size 5mm, wavelength 532, 633, 670, 830 or 1064nm), then exposed to an artificial cariogenic challenge for a period of seven days. The Vicker's hardness number (VHN) was recorded before and after laser treatment and again following the cariogenic challenge. Negative controls did not receive laser exposure. All wavelengths of laser light examined provided an effective LAF effect, compared with the unlased negative control surfaces. Using this in vitro model, we conclude that the action spectrum of the LAF effect extends across the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOEN.2013.10.018
Abstract: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is commonly supplied in 1-g packages of powder that are used by some clinicians across several treatments against the manufacturer's instructions. ProRoot MTA cannot be resealed after opening, whereas MTA Angelus has a resealable lid. This study assessed changes in particle size distribution once the packaging had been opened. Fresh ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus powder were analyzed by using laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and compared with powder from packages that had been opened once and kept in storage for 2 years. The ProRoot packet was folded over, whereas the MTA Angelus jar had the lid twisted back to its original position. After 2 years, ProRoot MTA powder showed a 6-fold increase in particle size (lower 10% from 1.13 to 4.37 μm, median particle size from 1.99 to 12.87 μm, and upper 10% from 4.30 to 34.67 μm), with an accompanying 50-fold change in particle surface area. MTA Angelus showed only a 2-fold increase in particle size (4.15 to 8.32 μm, 12.72 to 23.79 μm, and 42.66 to 47.91 μm, respectively) and a 2-fold change in particle size surface area. MTA reacts with atmospheric moisture, causing an increase in particle size that may adversely affect the properties and shelf life of the material. Smaller particles have a greater predisposition to absorb moisture. Single-use systems are advised.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/IPD.12919
Abstract: Preformed crowns (PCs) are exposed to potentially infectious bodily fluids during the trial fit however, whether they can be safely re‐used remains uncertain. This study determined the effects of decontamination methods on various PCs. The key criteria examined were aesthetic, morphological, and elemental characteristics. This is a laboratory‐based experimental study. Stainless steel, pre‐veneered stainless steel, and zirconia PCs underwent either: (a) ultrasonic cleaning with EmPower ® followed by steam sterilisation, (b) thermal disinfection in an instrument washer with Asepti ® Neutraliser/Asepti ® followed by steam sterilisation, or (c) immersion in an ortho‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) instrument‐level disinfectant. The methods were performed for 1, 5, or 10 cycles, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) red, green, and blue (RGB) value and luminosity value were tracked (using a histogram of in idual colour reference chips in Adobe Photoshop ® ) to assess colour changes, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy to characterise the material composition. Pre‐veneered stainless steel crowns showed isolated zones of darkening with loss of luminosity and variations in green and blue values after ultrasonic or thermal washer disinfection combined with steam autoclaving at 5 and 10 cycles. No changes occurred with OPA. Both SEM imaging and EDX analysis identified no changes to crown materials from any of the three reprocessing methods. Reprocessing protocols need to reflect the differing responses of various types of PCs. Repeated steam sterilisation causes slight aesthetic alterations by way of colour instability and loss of luminosity to pre‐veneered stainless steel crowns, but no issues with stainless steel or zirconia PCs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2018
Abstract: Aetiological concepts of dental caries have evolved over the years from being considered as a disease initiated by nonspecific microorganisms, to being regarded as an 'infectious' disease caused by specific bacteria, to the current paradigms that emphasise a 'mixed bacterial-ecological approach' as being responsible for lesion initiation and pathogenesis. These aetiological paradigms are not just intellectual concepts but have important implications on how clinicians manage this age-old disease in the twenty-first century. Despite evidence-backed recommendations for adopting more biological measures to counter the disease, a significant proportion of dentists continue following traditional caries management guidelines in their daily clinical practice. This paper will review the evolving dental caries aetiological concepts and highlight the current evidence for adopting a more ecological approach to caries prevention, risk assessment, and treatment.
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.5694/MJA17.00438
Publisher: Kare Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12661
Abstract: Contemporary caries prevention protocols recommend not only effective remineralizing agents but also ecological measures to reverse the dental plaque dysbiosis responsible for the disease pathogenesis. There is a high-level of evidence supporting the remineralizing efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) from studies around the world. Evidence is now emerging that CPP-ACP may also have a beneficial influence on the dental plaque microbial ecology and homeostasis. The ecological cariostatic effects of CPP-ACP are believed to be mediated predominantly through its anti-adhesion, buffering and biofilm disrupting actions. This review principally discusses the ecological mechanisms of CPP-ACP and presents the current evidence for its effects on the oral microbiome ecology.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.1111/AEJ.12646
Abstract: The internal topography of the root canal is complex, especially for the mesial root of the permanent first molar. In response to such challenges, enhanced irrigation protocols have been developed, using laser pulses to agitate fluids and enhance the removal of microbial deposits. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess the effectiveness of laser agitation of sodium hypochlorite in removing multispecies biofilms grown in the mesial root of the permanent first molars. The five agitation groups ( N = 12 roots for each) were: 940 nm diode laser (superpulsed mode, 50 μs ulses at 20 Hz using 20 mJ ulse) 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser (200 μs ulse at 20 Hz using 20 mJ ulse) 2940 nm Er: YAG laser (50 μs ulse at 15 Hz using a 400/14 conical tip in the SWEEPS protocol, with 20 mJ ulse) passive ultrasonic agitation at 28 kHz (positive control) and irrigation with a 27‐gauge side vented needle for 2 min per canal (negative control). Biofilm removal was assessed by confocal microscopic imaging of root slices at 1, 4 and 7 mm from the root apex. None of the tested methods were effective in completely eradicating biofilm from the most confined regions of the root canal system. The greatest challenge was cleaning the isthmus regions. There was a positive correlation between canal cleaning and isthmus cleaning, suggesting that increased effectiveness in cleaning root canal walls is associated with more effective isthmus cleaning. Wider and narrow isthmuses were cleaned better than long and narrow isthmuses.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/BIOENGINEERING7030093
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of neodymium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) (1064 nm) and erbium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) (2940 nm) laser energy on titanium when delivered with conventional optics (focusing handpieces or plain ended optical fibres) or with a conical tip. Machined and micro-roughened implant discs were subjected to laser irradiation under a variety of energy settings either dry (without water) or wet (with water). S les were scanned using a 3D non-contact laser profilometer and analysed for surface roughness, volume of peaks and the maximum diameter of the ablated area. Conical tip designs when used with both lasers showed no surface effect at any power setting on both machined and micro-roughened implant surfaces, regardless of the irrigation condition. When used with conventional delivery systems, laser effects on titanium were dose related, and were more profound with the Nd:YAG than with the Er:YAG laser. High laser pulse energies caused surface fusion which reduced the roughness of micro-roughened titanium surfaces. Likewise, repeated pulses and higher power densities also caused greater surface modifications. The presence of water reduced the influence of laser irradiation on titanium. It may be concluded that conical fibres can reduce unwanted surface modification, and this may be relevant to clinical protocols for debridement or disinfection of titanium dental implants.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1159/000484985
Abstract: Contemporary paradigms of dental caries aetiology focus on the ecology of the dental plaque biofilm and how local environmental factors can modulate this to cause disease. The crucial role that a healthy oral microbiome plays in preventing caries and promoting oral health is also being increasingly recognized. Based on these concepts, several ecological preventive approaches have been developed that could potentially broaden the arsenal of currently available caries-preventive measures. Many of these ecological approaches aim for long-term caries control by either disrupting cariogenic virulence factors without affecting bacterial viability, or include measures that can enhance the growth of health-associated, microbially erse communities in the oral microbiome. This paper argues for the need to develop ecological preventive measures that go beyond conventional caries-preventive methods, and discusses whether these ecological approaches can be effective in reducing the severity of caries by promoting stable, health-associated oral biofilm communities.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/APP13042080
Abstract: Background: To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary endodontic nickel-titanium instruments using both experimental and finite element methods. Methodology: Four different proprietary rotary endodontic instruments (PTG, PTU, VB, and TRN) were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests through a custom-built fixture (n = 30 for each group) and tested until failure according to the manufacturer’s recommended settings, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was measured. Separated fragments were measured to determine the location of the fracture event. Finite element modeling replicated this experiment in silico via a two-step method, modeling the dynamic motion via an initial insertion step, then followed by rotation. Results: TRN showed the highest NCF (2027.94 ± 452.50) with the lowest values for strain (4.49% ± 0.23%) and fragment lengths (3.26 mm ± 0.47 mm), whereas PTU showed the lowest NCF (600.90 ± 80.86) and highest values for strain (6.29% ± 0.47%) and fragment lengths (5.36 mm ± 0.79 mm). All instruments showed an increase in von Mises and maximum principal stress during the insertion step but showed no changes to the maximum stress values during the rotational step. Conclusions: The finite element analysis approach used provided useful insights into the stress evolution and stress distribution of instruments during cyclic fatigue but lacked the ability with existing inputs to predict failure from cyclic fatigue.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/AEJ.12440
Abstract: Continuous chelation involves the simultaneous use of sodium hypochlorite and a chelating agent. Given the combination of a proteolytic agent and a demineralising chelator, this study aimed to investigate whether mixtures containing the weak chelators etidronate or clodronate and sodium hypochlorite could adversely affect the mechanical strength of teeth compared to the sequence sodium hypochlorite/EDTA/sodium hypochlorite. Matching pairs of bovine teeth were tested on a universal testing machine, and the compressive load at fracture was recorded. One root from each pair was prepared with the sequence, and the matching tooth was prepared with either water, the clodronate mixture or the etidronate mixture. No differences in load at fracture were seen between either mixture and the sequence. However, loads were higher in the teeth irrigated with water compared to the sequence. The results indicated that the continuous chelation mixtures did not alter tooth mechanical properties compared to the standard sequence.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12142
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the relative efficacy of a resin fissure sealant, nano-filled self-adhesive protective coating, resin infiltrant, glass ionomer cement (GIC), and GIC containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in preventing the formation of subsurface lesions of enamel (SLE) adjacent to orthodontic brackets by acting as an enamel surface sealant (ESS). Eighty-five enamel specimens with molar tubes bonded at their centre were randomly ided into five groups, each treated with a different material at the bracket's periphery. Specimens were stored in an acetate demineralization solution at pH 4.5 for 7 days at 37 °C then imaged using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) to determine the difference in fluorescence (∆F) between sound- and acid-exposed enamel. Lesion cross-sections were then examined using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to measure lesion depth. The use of GIC alone or incorporating CPP-ACP significantly reduced ∆F compared with other materials. Backscattered SEM images showed no measurable demineralization for enamel treated with either GIC material in contrast with other groups, which showed statistically significant demineralization levels. The fluoride-releasing effects and CPP-ACP benefits of the GIC materials show promise as an effective ESS in inhibiting enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2202
Publisher: Kare Publishing
Date: 20-10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-10-2023
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1159/000499869
Abstract: b i Background: /i /b Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) acts as a salivary biomimetic that provides bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to augment fluoride-mediated remineralisation of early caries lesions. However, there are indications that it may also have beneficial ecological effects on the oral microbiome. b i Objective: /i /b This in vitro study investigated whether CPP-ACP could influence microbial counts, acidogenicity, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacterial species in polymicrobial biofilms. b i Methods: /i /b Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated every 12 h with 2% CPP-ACP or vehicle control. Colony forming units (CFUs) and acidogenicity were estimated from the treated biofilms. Microbial ecological effects of CPP-ACP were assessed based on the relative abundance of 14 specific caries- and health-associated bacterial species using a real-time quantitative PCR assay. b i Results: /i /b CPP-ACP-treated biofilms showed relatively modest, but significant, reductions in microbial CFUs (21% reduction, i /i = 0.008) and acidogenicity (33% reduction, i /i & #x3c 0.001), compared to the control-treated biofilms. The CPP-ACP treated biofilms also exhibited significantly lower bacterial loads of cariogenic i Scardovia wiggsiae /i (fold change 0.017, i /i & #x3c 0.001) and i Prevotella denticola /i (fold change 0.005, i /i & #x3c 0.001) i , /i and higher bacterial loads of commensal i Streptococcus sanguinis /i (fold change 30.22, i /i & #x3c 0.001), i S. mitis /i / i oralis /i (fold change 9.66, i /i = 0.012), and i S. /i i salivarius /i / i thermophilus /i (fold change 89.35, i /i & #x3c 0.001) than the control-treated biofilms. b i Conclusions: /i /b The results indicate that CPP-ACP has virulence-attenuating attributes that can influence a beneficial microbial ecological change in the biofilm.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-12-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ODI.13731
Abstract: To review the effectiveness of oral health education and oral health promotion interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), in ensuring optimal gingival health, caries experience and oral health‐related quality of life, compared to no interventions or alternative interventions. A systematic review was conducted to identify published studies from four databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ERIC). Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers performed risk of bias and qualitative analysis. Meta‐analysis was performed as appropriate. Eight treatment comparisons were identified. There was low certainty evidence that fluoride interventions provided long‐term reductions in caries in those with IDD and there was some evidence that chlorhexidine albeit with low certainty provided short‐term and long‐term reductions in plaque and gingivitis. There was moderate certainty evidence for short‐term reductions in dental plaque from the use of modified toothbrushes, but not compelling evidence for powered toothbrushes. Most studies provided a low quality of evidence, and so any adaptations made to oral health practices of in iduals with IDD need to consider their in idual needs. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019145784.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12954
Abstract: This laboratory‐based study measured ion release from metallic piercings when exposed to organic acids (lactic, citric) and inorganic acids (phosphoric, hydrochloric) that could be encountered in the oral cavity. Barbell and ring oral piercings composed of stainless steel, titanium or gold‐plated titanium were submerged in 2 mL volumes of 0.1% lactic acid, 10% citric acid, 0.2% phosphoric acid, and 0.1% hydrochloric acid for 7 and 34 days. Ion release into the liquid was measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES) and expressed in relationship to surface area. Surface changes from baseline were assessed using light and backscatter scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ICPOES results showed that hydrochloric and phosphoric acid caused the greatest release of material per surface area. Released elements included (ranked highest to lowest): Fe, P, Ti, Na, Cr, S, Ni, Ca, Mg, K, Si, Al, V, Mn, Ba, and Co. SEM imaging identified qualitative surface changes consistent with corrosion, for most piercing types examined. Under the exposure conditions used, inorganic acids cause greater metal dissolution than organic acids. Inorganic acids could therefore pose a risk of corrosion and leaching of ions from metallic oral piercings.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NANO11092336
Abstract: Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-implant diseases are also associated with the formation of dental plaque biofilm, and resulting inflammation and destruction of the gingival tissues and bone. Treatments for peri-implantitis are focused on reducing the bacterial load in the pocket around the implant, and in decontaminating surfaces once bacteria have been detached. Recently, nanoengineered titanium dental implants have been introduced to improve osteointegration and provide an osteoconductive surface however, the increased surface roughness raises issues of biofilm formation and more challenging decontamination of the implant surface. This paper reviews treatment modalities that are carried out to eliminate bacterial biofilms and slow their regrowth in terms of their advantages and disadvantages when used on titanium dental implant surfaces with nanoscale features. Such decontamination methods include physical debridement, chemo-mechanical treatments, laser ablation and photodynamic therapy, and electrochemical processes. There is a consensus that the efficient removal of the biofilm supplemented by chemical debridement and full access to the pocket is essential for treating peri-implantitis in clinical settings. Moreover, there is the potential to create ideal nano-modified titanium implants which exert antimicrobial actions and inhibit biofilm formation. Methods to achieve this include structural and surface changes via chemical and physical processes that alter the surface morphology and confer antibacterial properties. These have shown promise in preclinical investigations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/IEJ.13213
Abstract: To identify chelators which when mixed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are stable, exhibiting minimal loss of free available chlorine (FAC) over 80 min and to further investigate potential mixtures by assessing FAC over 18 h and the capacity to remove smear layer. 0.25 mol L Compared to its control, the mixture 0.5 mol L Alkaline 0.5 mol L
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.2010.01222.X
Abstract: The in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of endodontic medicaments and their bases against biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis was investigated. The medicaments tested were Pulpdent paste, Ledermix paste, a 50:50 Ledermix and Pulpdent mixture, and a replica of Ledermix paste. Bases included methyl cellulose with water, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PEG with zinc oxide, calcium chloride and the other components (inactives) that make up the Ledermix paste base. Biofilms grown on cellulose nitrate membrane filters were exposed to the medicaments for up to 5 days. The number of surviving colony forming units (CFU) was determined at days 1, 3 and 5. The results were expressed as a bacterial survival index (BSI) when compared to the unexposed control. Pulpdent produced the greatest reduction of BSI, followed by the 50:50 mixture of Pulpdent and Ledermix pastes. Ledermix paste, its replica and the in idual bases showed no significant reductions in the BSI for E. faecalis. Within the limitations of this laboratory study, calcium hydroxide containing preparations had greater potential for reducing the survival of E. faecalis in a biofilm environment.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NANO13111755
Abstract: Nanoparticles can play valuable roles in delivering nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNA), which are small, non-coding RNA segments. In this way, nanoparticles may exert post-transcriptional regulatory influences on various inflammatory conditions and bone disorders. This study used biocompatible, core–cone-structured, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-CC) to deliver miRNA-26a to macrophages in order to influence osteogenesis in vitro. The loaded nanoparticles (MSN-CC-miRNA-26) showed low-level toxicity towards macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) and were internalized efficiently, causing the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as seen via real-time PCR and cytokine immunoassays. The conditioned macrophages created a favorable osteoimmune environment for MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, driving osteogenic differentiation with enhanced osteogenic marker expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production, extracellular matrix formation, and calcium deposition. An indirect co-culture system revealed that direct osteogenic induction and immunomodulation by MSN-CC-miRNA-26a synergistically increased bone production due to the crosstalk between MSN-CC-miRNA-26a-conditioned macrophages and MSN-CC-miRNA-26a-treated preosteoblasts. These findings demonstrate the value of nanoparticle delivery of miR-NA-26a using MSN-CC for suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines with macrophages and for driving osteogenic differentiation in preosteoblasts via osteoimmune modulation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1997
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.1997.TB00101.X
Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are capable of producing surface irregularities in human enamel which resemble those resulting from etching of enamel with orthophosphoric acid. This report presents the results of a laboratory study which examined the effect of selected tooth-related variables on shear bond strength between a current generation bonding agent (Scotchbond MultiPurpose) and acid-etched or laser-conditioned human enamel. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between human maxillary central incisor teeth, first premolars, and third molars in either the acid etch or laser-conditioned groups. Polishing of enamel to give a flat surface increased the shear bond strength obtained with acid etching, but did not alter significantly bond strengths achieved with laser conditioning. There was a tendency for a higher bond strength with acid etching, but not with laser conditioning, in porcine molar enamel compared with human molar and bovine incisor enamel. In terms of the mode of operation of the laser, the repetitively pulsed mode resulted in a two-fold improvement in shear bond strength compared with the single pulse mode. These results indicate that shear bond strengths in the order of 10 MPa can be obtained reliably on human teeth using laser conditioning with pulsed modes in the absence of any other preparation of the natural enamel surface.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-12-2017
DOI: 10.3390/MA10121451
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/SCD.12712
Abstract: Intellectual and developmental disabilities are heterogeneous in aetiology and presentation, and one cannot make assumptions about the oral health barriers of those with Rett syndrome (RTT) based on findings from generic studies. This study investigated caregivers’ perceptions regarding access to dental care for those with (RTT), and associations of dental treatments received by those with RTT with their caregivers’ perceived value of oral health and perception of their own as well as their daughter's dental anxiety. Retrospective observational data of a subset of in iduals with confirmed MECP2 mutations in the InterRett database ( n = 216) were used to explore caregiver‐related factors and their relationships with longitudinal data on dental service utilisation, using negative binomial regression. The main reported barriers to dental care access for in iduals with RTT were primarily dentist‐related in nature, regardless of dental service history. Those with reported dental nonattendance were of older age. Increasing levels of caregiver‐reported dental fear were associated with less frequent dental check‐ups or for any appointments for affected in iduals. Dentist‐related barriers and caregiver‐reported anxiety may both adversely affect dental attendance for those with RTT. Future research should explore caregivers’ beliefs and oral health literacy.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-02-2020
DOI: 10.3390/BIOM10020223
Abstract: The role of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cavity carcinoma (OC) is still under debate. We investigated HPV16 prevalence in unstimulated saliva, oral rinse s les, oral swabs and tumour biopsies collected from OPMD (n = 83) and OC (n = 106) patients. HPV16 genotype, viral load, physical status (episomal vs. integrated) and tumour p16INK4a expression were determined. Oral HPV16 prevalence was higher in OC than in OPMD, but this difference was not statistically significant (7.5% (8/106) versus 3.6% (3/83), odds ratio (OR): 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56, 8.48, p = 0.26). There was a significant association (p 0.05) between oral HPV16 infection and heavy tobacco consumption. Real-time PCR results indicated that no integration events occurred in either OPMD or OC cases based on the HPV16 E2/E6 ratio. HPV16 positive OPMD and OC patients had similar HPV16 E2 and E6 viral loads. The inter-rater agreement between tumour p16INK4a expression and oral HPV16 infection was considered as fair (k = 0.361) for OC. Our data suggest that the involvement of HPV16 in oral carcinogenesis is limited.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 07-09-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6457071
Abstract: Purpose. This in vitro study compared root canal preparation in curved mesiobuccal canals of molar teeth using either the One Shape™ or the Neoniti (Neolix) rotary NiTi single-file systems, assessing canal transportation, instrument separation and time required for preparation. Methods. Extracted maxillary and mandibular human molar teeth with mesiobuccal canals having apical angles of curvature between 25 and 35o were selected and embedded in acrylic resin blocks, and an initial CBCT was taken. The teeth were ided into two equal groups (n = 20), and the canals were cleaned and shaped using either Neoniti™ or One Shape™ engine-driven NiTi rotary files. Each in idual instrument was used to prepare 5 canals. The time required for the preparation of each canal was recorded. Postpreparation CBCT scans were taken and used to determine the extent of canal transportation at levels of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality was applied, and then, datasets were compared using independent t-tests, with a threshold of P 0.05 . Results. Neoniti rotary files caused significantly less canal transportation of the curved canals ( P = 0.0001 ). On the other hand, the time required for canal preparation was significantly shorter for One Shape ( P = 0.0001 ). No instrument separation was recorded in both groups. Conclusion. Based on these results, the Neoniti™ rotary file system is preferred because it maintains the original shape of curved root canals better than One Shape™ even though this benefit comes at the cost of an increase in preparation time in clinical practice, the better technical performance may be more important than a difference in procedural time.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOEN.2019.10.020
Abstract: Mixtures of clodronate with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) better maintain free available chlorine (FAC) than etidronate-hypochlorite mixtures. This research aimed to compare organic tissue dissolution and residual FAC between clodronate and etidronate mixtures. Additionally, clodronate-hypochlorite mixtures lose no FAC over several hours. The second aim was to examine how well such mixtures dissolve organic material 6 hours from mixing. Soon after mixing, porcine palatal mucosa s les were added to 32°C solutions containing 0.26 mol/L clodronate and 5% NaOCl (0.26 mol/L-5% NaOCl), 0.26 mol/L etidronate-5% NaOCl, 5% NaOCl, 0.26 mol/L clodronate, 0.26 mol/L etidronate, or phosphate-buffered saline. Weights and FAC, where applicable, were recorded initially and at 15 minutes. FAC was measured by iodometric titration. Secondly, 6 hours after mixing, mucosa was added to 0.26 mol/L clodronate-2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, 0.52 mol/L clodronate-5% NaOCl, 5% NaOCl, or phosphate-buffered saline. S le weights at 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes were recorded. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses (α < .05). Soon after mixing, 0.26 mol/L clodronate-5% NaOCl dissolved mucosa as well as 5% NaOCl and better than 0.26 mol/L etidronate-5% NaOCl compared with which it retained more FAC. At 6 hours after mixing, 0.26 mol/L clodronate-2.5% NaOCl dissolved organic material as well as 2.5% NaOCl. However, 0.52 mol/L clodronate-5% NaOCl dissolved less mucosa than 5% NaOCl. Soon after mixing, clodronate mixtures better dissolve organic material than etidronate mixtures and have higher residual FAC. Six hours from mixing, 0.26 mol/L clodronate-2.5% NaOCl mixtures dissolve organic material similarly to controls.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS9080492
Abstract: There are concerns that general dentists (GDs) and dental specialists may be prescribing antibiotics inappropriately. This study explored the prescribing habits and decision-making processes of GDs versus oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs). A case-based online questionnaire was used to examine the prescribing of therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotics in two clinical scenarios. Stratified and systematic s ling strategies were implemented to provide a representative s le. The final valid s le was 60 GDs and 18 OMFSs. The majority of OMFSs (61.1%) routinely prescribed antibiotics for the surgical removal of third molars, which was significantly greater than for GDs (23.5%). For implant placement procedures, 72.2% of OMFSs and 62.1% of GDs prescribed antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most selected agent for both scenarios. All OMFSs would prescribe antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in both cases, but only 56.0–63.0% of GDs would do this. GDs based prescribing decisions primarily on information from prescribing guides, while OMFSs relied more on information gained from specialist training. Surgical prophylaxis protocols differed considerably between groups. Both groups used surgical prophylaxis for some situations that are outside current recommendations. Education with regards to discrepancies between clinical practice and current guidelines for antimicrobial therapy is needed to progress antimicrobial stewardship.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2009
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare root canal preparation in curved canals in molar teeth with the rotary NiTi Mtwo and ProTaper systems in terms of canal shape and smear layer. Mesiobuccal canals of 60 molar teeth with angles of curvature between 25 and 35 degrees were prepared with a torque controlled low speed engine 30 canals for each system. Each in idual instrument was used to prepare four root canals and the time required for preparation was recorded. Standardized radiographs were taken before and following instrumentation and used to determine changes in canal curvature. There was no significant difference in preparation time between the two systems. No instruments separated during use. The Mtwo system gave a statistically smaller change in canal curvature and thus was better for maintaining the original shape of the root canal, with less transportation (P less than 0.05). The greatest difference was seen for maxillary molar teeth. When prepared root canals were examined by SEM there was no difference between the two systems at the coronal, middle or apical thirds. Overall, the results of this study suggest that Mtwo instruments are preferable for situations where canals are curved, particularly for maxillary molars.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/IDH.12616
Abstract: Debridement methods may damage implant surfaces. This in vitro study investigated eight debridement protocols across three implant surfaces to assess both biofilm removal and surface alterations. One hundred sixty commercially pure titanium discs were treated to simulate commercially available titanium implant surfaces-smooth, abraded and abraded and etched. Following inoculation with whole human saliva to create a mixed species biofilm, the surfaces were treated with eight debridement methods currently used for clinical peri-implantitis (n = 10). This included air abrasion using powders of glycine, sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate conventional mechanical methods-piezoelectric scaler, carbon and stainless steel scalers and a chemical protocol using 40% citric acid. Following treatment, remaining biofilm was analysed using scanning electron microscopy and crystal violet assays. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was applied (p < 0.05). All debridement techniques resulted in greater than 80% reduction in biofilm compared with baseline, irrespective of the surface type. Glycine powder delivered through an air polishing system eliminated the most biofilm. Mechanical instruments were the least effective at eliminating biofilm across all surfaces and caused the greatest surface alterations. Citric acid was comparable with mechanical debridement instruments in terms of biofilm removal efficacy. Titanium surfaces were least affected by air abrasion protocols and most affected by mechanical methods. Mechanical protocols for non-surgical debridement should be approached with caution. Glycine powder in an air polisher and 40% citric acid application both gave minimal alterations across all implant surfaces, with glycine the superior method in terms of biofilm removal.
Publisher: AMG Transcend Association
Date: 25-11-2019
DOI: 10.33263/BIOEGNINEERING11.001001
Abstract: We are pleased to announce the launch of a new platinum open access journal entitled Bioengineering International. Bioengineering International is a peer-reviewed journal that encourages worldwide academic and scientific researchers to share their original research work, reviews and commentaries. The journal will provide an extensive platform for this interdisciplinary blend of chemistry, biology and materials science, with their synergistic effects on the progress of biomedicine and bioengineering. The purpose of Bioengineering International journal is to provide comprehensive and facile access to the latest contributions of academic and scientific researchers and to facilitate their publication completely free of charge including review papers, original research articles, communications and short notes. AMG Transcend Association (Romania) covers all economic costs of the publishing process. Platinum Open Access policy provides permanent free and open access for worldwide readers, both the scientific community and the general public. The Bioengineering International journal will ensure the high visibility of the published papers, by ensuring their appearance in most important scientific databases, such as Scopus (Elsevier), Science Citation Index (Clarivate Analytics), Scilit (MDPI) and Chemical Abstracts (CAS). Therefore, we encourage all research scientists interested in the field of bioengineering to submit their papers to Bioengineering International.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12846
Abstract: Prescribing of antibiotics by dentists for surgical prophylaxis or as an adjunct to managing dental infections is a substantial part of the overall landscape for prescribed antibiotics in health care settings. We explored trends in the antibiotic prescribing patterns of Australian dentists over the 12‐year period, 2005–2016. We obtained data on dispensed prescriptions of antibiotics from registered dentists subsidized on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Australian dentists were responsible for almost 7 million dispensed prescriptions of antibiotics over 12 years an average of 24 prescriptions per year per dentist. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin, followed by amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and metronidazole. These top three antibiotics constituted more than 80% of all antibiotics prescribed and their use increased dramatically over time. There was a large increase in the prescribing of broad‐spectrum antibiotics over time, most of which occurred from 2011 to 2016. Excessive prescribing of broad‐spectrum antibiotics runs contrary to national antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives and guidelines. Multifaceted educational strategies are essential to align prescribing with current best practice. High‐level evidence to inform clear guidelines on antibiotic prescribing in dental infections, with audit and feedback, should reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics in dentistry.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ODI.14337
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1016/J.BONE.2004.08.006
Abstract: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces bone formation in stress-bearing bones. The mandible, a stress-bearing bone, is loaded daily during mastication. The aim of this study was to determine if PGE2 delivered locally to the mandible over 20 days enhances alveolar bone deposition. In 18 Lewis rats, controlled-release pellets containing PGE2 were implanted on the buccal aspect on the left-hand side of the mandible, mesial to the root of the first molar. Controlled-release pellets locally delivered 0.1, 0.05, or 0.025 mg/day of PGE2. The right side of the mandible was used as a matched control for each animal. Six sham-treated animals were implanted with a placebo pellet. On days 7 and 19, animals were injected with the bone markers tetracycline and calcein, respectively. On day 21, animals were sacrificed and undecalcified tissues obtained for morphometrical analysis. Morphometrical measurements were analyzed by paired t test to determine differences between the matched s les and one-way ANOVA to compare the different treatment groups. A significant increase in alveolar bone area was observed in mandibles treated with 0.1 and 0.05 mg/day when compared with matched controls and the placebo group. This was accompanied by a significant increase in alveolar bone height and width. The proportions of double-labeled surface (dLS), the mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR) were significantly increased in mandibles treated with the two higher doses of PGE2. The proportion of resorptive surface (RS) was significantly reduced in these two groups. It is concluded that PGE2 induces alveolar bone formation in the mandible when locally delivered at a dose of 0.1 or 0.05 mg/day for 20 days.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.3390/DJ7010020
Abstract: Bioactive polyphenol components of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) are known to have virulence attenuating effects against several cariogenic virulence properties responsible for dental caries pathogenesis. In particular, cranberry A-type proanthocyanidins and flavonols have demonstrated potent inhibitory effects against cariogenic virulence targets such as bacterial acidogenicity, aciduricity, glucan synthesis, and hydrophobicity. Cranberry phenols have the ability to disrupt these cariogenic virulence properties without being bactericidal, a key quality essential for retaining the benefits of the symbiotic resident oral microbiome and preventing the emergence of resistant microbes. This review discusses the cariostatic mechanisms of specific cranberry phytochemicals and their potential use as therapeutic agents against cariogenic bacteria in the prevention and control of dental caries.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 06-2009
Abstract: Photodynamic bleaching is a recently developed method that may be suitable for photo-oxidation of difficult internal stains. This study examined the outcomes of photodynamic bleaching for treatment of confirmed cases of tetracycline discoloration, when used as a single-appointment procedure. Digital analysis of standardized pre- and post-treatment digital photographs of a total of 90 maxillary incisors from 23 adult patients undergoing photodynamic bleaching was undertaken. The patients were treated by a visible green KTP laser (wavelength 532 nm) combined with a rhodamine-B photosensitizer gel (Smartbleach) applied to the teeth and activated for 30 sec. Each tooth underwent four cycles of 30 sec of laser exposure. Digital image analysis was undertaken in a blinded manner, and we examined changes in the four maxillary incisors in terms of blue pixel intensity (yellowness). Least squares linear regression analysis and a one-tailed paired t-test using the matched pairs of pre- and post-treatment data for mean blue pixel intensity showed that a significant lightening effect was achieved by the bleaching treatment. Significant increases in blue pixel intensity (reductions in yellowness) occurred in 78% of the teeth treated. In-office KTP laser photodynamic bleaching provides a clinically useful improvement in tooth shade in teeth with tetracycline discoloration.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-07-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1747-4477.2010.00237.X
Abstract: Dens invaginatus (dens in dente) is a common dental anomaly with a reported prevalence of between 0.04% and 10%. It typically affects permanent maxillary lateral incisors, central incisors and premolars. These developmental lesions are less common in mandibular teeth and are extremely rare in canines and molars. This report describes a rare case of dens invaginatus (Oehlers type II) in a permanent mandibular canine. The tooth was mature with a closed apex and showed apical pathosis. The tooth was treated endodontically using a non-surgical technique with hand endodontic files, and then followed up after a period of 8 months. A follow-up radiograph showed some healing of the lesion.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MA15238367
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of ambient temperature and post-manufacture heat-treatment on the mechanical behavior of nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires. Four types of commercial NiTi variants (Stock NiTi, heat treated “Blue”, “Gold”, “Superflex”, all Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were stressed in a tensile testing machine in a temperature-controlled water bath at three different temperatures. Stress and strain values were extrapolated from the raw data, and 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons were performed to compare the differences of the mechanical constants. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests established the martensitic transformation starting (Ms), finishing (Mf) and austenitic (reverse-martensitic) starting (As) and finishing (Af) points. Austenitic modulus of elasticity and transformation stress values increased with temperature for all NiTi groups. The martensitic modulus of elasticity, maximum transformation strain and ultimate tensile stress were not significantly affected by temperature changes. Stock NiTi and Gold wire s les presented with clearly delineated austenitic and martensitic transformations in the DSC experiments. Differences in manufacturing/heat treatment conditions and ambient temperature affect the mechanical behavior of nickel-titanium and may have clinical implications. Further improvements to the experimental setup could be considered to provide more accurate measurements of strain.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.1111/J.1747-4477.2002.TB00402.X
Abstract: Composite resin is a widely-used direct tooth coloured restorative material. Photoactivation of the polymerisation reaction can be achieved by visible blue light from a range of light sources, including halogen l s, metal halide l s, plasma arc l s, and Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights. Concerns have been raised that curing lights may induce a temperature rise that could be detrimental to the vitality of the dental pulp during the act of photoactivation. The present study examined heat changes associated with standardised class V restorations on the buccal surface of extracted premolar teeth, using a curing time of 40 seconds. The independent effects of type of light source, resin shade, and remaining tooth thickness were assessed using a matrix experimental design. When a conventional halogen l , a metal halide l and two different LED lights were compared, it was found that both LED l s elicited minimal thermal changes at the level of the dental pulp, whereas the halogen l induced greater changes, and the metal halide l caused the greatest thermal insult of all the light sources. These thermal changes were influenced by resin shade, with different patterns for LED versus halogen or halide sources. Thermal stress reduced as the remaining thickness of tooth structure between the pulp and the cavity floor increased. From these results, it is concluded that LED lights produce the least thermal insult during photopolymerisation of composite resins.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-05-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12960
Abstract: This study aimed to determine whether oral health services provision by a dental student clinical outplacement embedded within a Community Controlled Health Service positively impacted a rural Indigenous community and to explore the nature of these benefits. Aggregated and de‐identified 2017, 2018 and 2019 student‐led clinic services provision data were retrospectively analysed. The change in services mix over time was measured. Rural outplacement clinic operational costs to the university were estimated. Government‐funded local public dental clinic waiting list and services provision data were used to identify any student clinic establishment effect. The student‐led clinic services mix shifted over time from mainly acute care for toothache towards prevention of disease and tooth restoration, indicating an improvement in patient oral health and correspondingly reduced system costs. Imputed value of 2017–2019 student‐led clinic services provision totalled almost AUD$1 million. Government public clinic waiting list times decreased after full establishment of the student‐led clinic, indicating decreased pressure on the public system. The Community Controlled Health Service and university partnership improved community oral health care access, its timely delivery and simultaneously provided valuable human capital development from the student training experience. The student‐led clinic's targeted Indigenous community showed oral health improvement over time. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.2008.00028.X
Abstract: Evaluation of microleakage is important for assessing the success of new methods for surface preparation and new adhesive restorative materials. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess microleakage at the margins of composite restorations in Er,Cr:YSGG laser prepared cavities on the cervical aspects of teeth by means of dye penetration, and compare this with conventionally prepared and conditioned cavities. Class V cavities were produced on sound extracted human teeth, which had been assigned randomly to one of three groups (N = 10 each), as follows: Group 1 - prepared using a diamond cylindrical bur and then treated with 37% phosphoric acid Group 2 - irradiated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase Waterlase) and then treated with 37% phosphoric acid Group 3 - irradiated only with the laser. After application of bonding agent (Excite, Ivoclar Vivadent), all cavities were restored with composite resin (Heliomolar). After polishing the restorations, the teeth were thermocycled from 5-50 degrees C for 500 cycles. Dye leakage was assessed after immersion in methylene blue, by examining longitudinal sections in a stereomicroscope at x 30 magnification. The extent of dye penetration was lowest in the laser only group (Group 3). Penetration of dye to dentine and axial walls occurred in 80 per cent of conventionally prepared (bur + acid) specimens, but in the laser group, dye penetration to the axial wall occurred in only 30 per cent of cases. There was a strong statistical association between treatment group and the distribution of microleakage scores (Chi-square, P = 0.0023). For Class V cavities, with the adhesive materials employed, higher microleakage occurs with phosphoric acid etching of bur- or laser-cut surfaces, than with the surface created by use of the laser alone without additional conditioning.
Start Date: 07-2023
End Date: 06-2026
Amount: $507,466.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity