ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6543-6700
Current Organisation
INSERM / University Grenoble-Alpes
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF00227243
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2014
DOI: 10.1111/EPI.12840
Abstract: Originally derived from a Wistar rat strain, a proportion of which displayed spontaneous absence-type seizures, Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) represent the most widely utilized animal model of genetic generalized epilepsy. Here we compare the seizure, behavioral, and brain morphometric characteristics of four main GAERS colonies that are being actively studied internationally: two from Melbourne (MELB and STRAS-MELB), one from Grenoble (GREN), and one from Istanbul (ISTAN). Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, behavioral examinations, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were conducted on GAERS and Non-Epileptic Control (NEC) rats to assess and compare the following: (1) characteristics of spike-and-wave discharges, (2) anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, and (3) MRI brain morphology of regions of interest. Seizure characteristics varied between the colonies, with MELB GAERS exhibiting the least severe epilepsy phenotype with respect to seizure frequency, and GREN GAERS exhibiting four times more seizures than MELB. MELB and STRAS-MELB colonies both displayed consistent anxiety and depressive-like behaviors relative to NEC. MELB and GREN GAERS showed similar changes in brain morphology, including increased whole brain volume and increased somatosensory cortical width. A previously identified mutation in the Cacna1h gene controlling the CaV 3.2 T-type calcium channel (R1584P) was present in all four GAERS colonies, but absent in all NEC rats. This study demonstrates differences in epilepsy severity between GAERS colonies that were derived from the same original colony in Strasbourg. This multi-institute study highlights the potential impact of environmental conditions and/or genetic drift on the severity of epileptic and behavioral phenotypes in rodent models of epilepsy.
Publisher: Springer US
Date: 1991
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90395-6
Abstract: Pain arising from deep structures (muscles, joints, viscera) is the type of pain of most clinical relevance and also the type of pain about whose central representation we have the least knowledge. In contrast to cutaneous pain which evokes defensive behaviours, hypertension and tachycardia, the physiological reactions to most deep pain (especially if persistent) usually include quiescence, hypotension, bradycardia and decreased reactivity to the environment. Excitation of neurons within a discrete ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray region evokes a reaction seemingly identical to that evoked by pain arising from deep structures. We report here, using the technique of the noxious stimulus-evoked expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos, that neurons within this same ventrolateral periaqueductal gray region are selectively activated by a range of deep somatic and visceral nociceptive manipulations. Thus we have identified a specific brain region that both receives convergent, deep somatic and visceral nociceptive input, and which mediates the behavioural and physiological reactions characteristic of most deep pain.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1111/EPI.13908
Abstract: Current antiseizure therapy is ineffective in approximately one third of people with epilepsy and is often associated with substantial side effects. In addition, most current therapeutic paradigms offer treatment, but not cure, and no therapies are able to modify the underlying disease, that is, can prevent or halt the process of epileptogenesis or alleviate the cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities. Preclinical research in the field of epilepsy has been extensive, but unfortunately, not all the animal models being used have been validated for their predictive value. The overall goal of TASK2 of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force is to organize and coordinate systematic reviews on selected topics regarding animal research in epilepsy. Herein we describe our strategy. In the first part of the paper we provide an overview of the usefulness of systematic reviews and meta-analysis for preclinical research and explain the essentials for their conduct. Then we describe in detail the protocol for a first systematic review, which will focus on the identification and characterization of outcome measures reported in animal models of epilepsy. The specific goals of this study are to define systematically the phenotypic characteristics of the most commonly used animal models, and to effectively compare these with the manifestations of human epilepsy. This will provide epilepsy researchers with detailed information on the strengths and weaknesses of epilepsy models, facilitating their refinement and future research. Ultimately, this could lead to a refined use of relevant models for understanding the mechanism(s) of the epilepsies and developing novel therapies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02226-1
Abstract: Previous work suggested that pain of distinct tissue origins was differentially represented in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). That is, persistent pain of deep origin (muscle, joint viscera) "activated" ventrolateral PAG neurons and triggered quiescence, hyporeactivity and vasodepression (i.e. passive emotional coping) whereas intermittent cutaneous pain "activated" lateral PAG neurons and triggered fight-flight (i.e. active emotional coping). Cutaneous noxious stimuli, if inescapable however, trigger a passive emotional coping reaction similar to that evoked by pain of deep origin. This raised the question--is it the behavioural significance (escapability versus inescapability) or the tissue origin (cutaneous versus deep) of the pain, that is represented in the PAG? In this study we used immediate-early-gene (c-Fos) expression to examine PAG and spinal activation patterns following "inescapable" (persistent) pain of cutaneous versus deep origin. It was found that selective activation of the ventrolateral PAG and passive emotional coping were evoked by an inescapable cutaneous noxious stimulus (i.e. clip of the neck), as well as by a deep noxious stimulus (i.e. neck muscle pain). In the upper cervical spinal cord, however, these noxious manipulations evoked distinct patterns of Fos expression which reflected the different patterns of primary afferent termination arising from skin versus muscle. The results suggest that whereas pain representation in the spinal cord accurately reflects tissue origin, pain representation in the PAG better reflects behavioural significance.
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Antoine Depaulis.