ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4021-3863
Current Organisations
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
,
Universidad de Concepción
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 06-06-2007
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS339013
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-12-2011
DOI: 10.1029/2011JG001731
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2202
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.13869
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ECY.3165
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-019-0899-X
Abstract: Predator-prey interactions in natural ecosystems generate complex food webs that have a simple universal body-size architecture where predators are systematically larger than their prey. Food-web theory shows that the highest predator-prey body-mass ratios found in natural food webs may be especially important because they create weak interactions with slow dynamics that stabilize communities against perturbations and maintain ecosystem functioning. Identifying these vital interactions in real communities typically requires arduous identification of interactions in complex food webs. Here, we overcome this obstacle by developing predator-trait models to predict average body-mass ratios based on a database comprising 290 food webs from freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems across all continents. We analysed how species traits constrain body-size architecture by changing the slope of the predator-prey body-mass scaling. Across ecosystems, we found high body-mass ratios for predator groups with specific trait combinations including (1) small vertebrates and (2) large swimming or flying predators. Including the metabolic and movement types of predators increased the accuracy of predicting which species are engaged in high body-mass ratio interactions. We demonstrate that species traits explain striking patterns in the body-size architecture of natural food webs that underpin the stability and functioning of ecosystems, paving the way for community-level management of the most complex natural ecosystems.
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 03-05-2011
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS09079
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE12529
Abstract: Species richness has dominated our view of global bio ersity patterns for centuries. The dominance of this paradigm is reflected in the focus by ecologists and conservation managers on richness and associated occurrence-based measures for understanding drivers of broad-scale ersity patterns and as a biological basis for management. However, this is changing rapidly, as it is now recognized that not only the number of species but the species present, their phenotypes and the number of in iduals of each species are critical in determining the nature and strength of the relationships between species ersity and a range of ecological functions (such as biomass production and nutrient cycling). Integrating these measures should provide a more relevant representation of global bio ersity patterns in terms of ecological functions than that provided by simple species counts. Here we provide comparisons of a traditional global bio ersity distribution measure based on richness with metrics that incorporate species abundances and functional traits. We use data from standardized quantitative surveys of 2,473 marine reef fish species at 1,844 sites, spanning 133 degrees of latitude from all ocean basins, to identify new ersity hotspots in some temperate regions and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. These relate to high ersity of functional traits amongst in iduals in the community (calculated using Rao's Q), and differ from previously reported patterns in functional ersity and richness for terrestrial animals, which emphasize species-rich tropical regions only. There is a global trend for greater evenness in the number of in iduals of each species, across the reef fish species observed at sites ('community evenness'), at higher latitudes. This contributes to the distribution of functional ersity hotspots and contrasts with well-known latitudinal gradients in richness. Our findings suggest that the contribution of species ersity to a range of ecosystem functions varies over large scales, and imply that in tropical regions, which have higher numbers of species, each species contributes proportionally less to community-level ecological processes on average than species in temperate regions. Metrics of ecological function usefully complement metrics of species ersity in conservation management, including when identifying planning priorities and when tracking changes to bio ersity values.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1086/709548
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1890/13-0472.1
Abstract: Theoretical studies have shown that coexistence between competitors can be favored in a spatially heterogeneous environment by a number of mechanisms, which ultimately allow the expression of persistent or transitory variation in species competitive abilities, colonization, or reproduction. Four distinctive paradigms to model metacommunities have been identified according to assumptions about the biology of the species and essential aspects of the environment. Missing from these are mechanisms of coexistence that can arise from the dispersal process itself without explicit spatial heterogeneity or biological trade-offs. These mechanisms have only recently received attention, but they may be common in marine communities and other systems in which dispersal is obligatory and modulated by the physical environment. We investigate coexistence in spatially homogeneous metacommunities where there is no partitioning of resources, no competition-colonization trade-off, and no possibility of source-sink dynamics. Coexistence is shown to be possible through three distinct mechanisms related to the dispersal process itself. Firstly, in a neutral scenario, inclusion of temporal variability in the connectivity matrix, emulating an intrinsic attribute of ocean character and other turbulent environments, can promote the invasion of an equally matched competitor and, in a hierarchical competition scenario, the persistence of an otherwise unviable, inferior competitor (the dispersal variability mechanism). Secondly, a sufficiently large difference in the shape of the time-independent dispersal kernels of the two species, which may result from differences in larval-release timing, buoyancy, or behavior, can produce stable coexistence in the center of their shared range (the dispersal-shape mechanism). Thirdly, asymmetry in the dispersal process due to biased advection renders the metapopulation model reactive, such that small variations in the upstream abundances can be sufficient for the subordinate species to stably persist (the dispersal-bias mechanism). These results demonstrate that a subordinate species may persist by occupying a dispersal niche that differs sufficiently from that of the dominant species. Further theoretical research is necessary to develop simple empirical tests for these and other dispersal-based coexistence mechanisms.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2023
DOI: 10.1002/EAP.2774
Abstract: Assessing the conditions for persistence of spatially structured populations, especially those that are exploited by humans or threatened by global change, is of critical importance to inform management and conservation efforts. Observations for entire metapopulations are usually incomplete and rarely, if ever, sufficiently long to deduce population persistence from spatial patterns of abundance. Instead, insights based on metapopulation theory are often used for interpreting the demographic trajectories of real populations and for informing management decisions. The classical theoretical tool used to assess conditions for metapopulation persistence is the “invasibility criterion,” which characterizes the asymptotic, or long‐term, stability of a small colonizing population. Essentially, when the linear operator governing the metapopulation dynamics of an invasion event has a positive eigenvalue, recovery and resistance to extinction (resilience) are implied. The converse, however, is not necessarily the case—an invasion may grow over multiple generations, even when the eigenvalues indicate that extinction will eventually occur, a situation referred to here as “reactive persistence.” For the management, restoration, and conservation of real metapopulations subject to continual disturbance, this transient behavior is often more relevant than the asymptotic behavior over long time scales. We develop the theoretical tools for assessing reactive persistence, demonstrating how the conditions for asymptotic and reactive persistence differ in both the patch‐occupancy models suited to many terrestrial populations and those where local patch extinctions can be disregarded in the dynamics, often suited to marine species. After presenting the mathematical basis for generalizing the invasibility criterion to include reactive persistence, we illustrate how these concepts and tools can be applied in practice, using as a case study the population ecology and restoration of the seagrass Zostera muelleri (Irmisch ex Ascherson, 1867) in the Port of Gladstone in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area Australia. It is shown how the analysis of the transient dynamics of the Z. muelleri metapopulation can be used to guide restoration efforts. Moreover, it is demonstrated that these reactive persistence concepts provide a more appropriate basis for site prioritization for restoration interventions than traditional stability analysis.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 10-06-2022
Abstract: Early naturalists suggested that predation intensity increases toward the tropics, affecting fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes by latitude, but empirical support is still limited. Several studies have measured consumption rates across latitude at large scales, with variable results. Moreover, how predation affects prey community composition at such geographic scales remains unknown. Using standardized experiments that spanned 115° of latitude, at 36 nearshore sites along both coasts of the Americas, we found that marine predators have both higher consumption rates and consistently stronger impacts on biomass and species composition of marine invertebrate communities in warmer tropical waters, likely owing to fish predators. Our results provide robust support for a temperature-dependent gradient in interaction strength and have potential implications for how marine ecosystems will respond to ocean warming.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Sergio Andres Navarrete.