ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7609-4096
Current Organisations
Halmstad University
,
The Institute for Social Neuroscience
,
Gregory Street Psychology
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Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-06-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-05-2023
Abstract: High-throughput sequencing (HTS), more specifically RNA sequencing of plant tissues, has become an indispensable tool for plant virologists to detect and identify plant viruses. During the data analysis step, plant virologists typically compare the obtained sequences to reference virus databases. In this way, they are neglecting sequences without homologies to viruses, which usually represent the majority of sequencing reads. We hypothesized that traces of other pathogens might be detected in this unused sequence data. In the present study, our goal was to investigate whether total RNA-seq data, as generated for plant virus detection, is also suitable for the detection of other plant pathogens and pests. As proof of concept, we first analyzed RNA-seq datasets of plant materials with confirmed infections by cellular pathogens in order to check whether these non-viral pathogens could be easily detected in the data. Next, we set up a community effort to re-analyze existing Illumina RNA-seq datasets used for virus detection to check for the potential presence of non-viral pathogens or pests. In total, 101 datasets from 15 participants derived from 51 different plant species were re-analyzed, of which 37 were selected for subsequent in-depth analyses. In 29 of the 37 selected s les (78%), we found convincing traces of non-viral plant pathogens or pests. The organisms most frequently detected in this way were fungi (15/37 datasets), followed by insects (13/37) and mites (9/37). The presence of some of the detected pathogens was confirmed by independent (q)PCRs analyses. After communicating the results, 6 out of the 15 participants indicated that they were unaware of the possible presence of these pathogens in their s le(s). All participants indicated that they would broaden the scope of their bioinformatic analyses in future studies and thus check for the presence of non-viral pathogens. In conclusion, we show that it is possible to detect non-viral pathogens or pests from total RNA-seq datasets, in this case primarily fungi, insects, and mites. With this study, we hope to raise awareness among plant virologists that their data might be useful for fellow plant pathologists in other disciplines (mycology, entomology, bacteriology) as well.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(00)80044-4
Abstract: In the literature on the psychological aspects of rehabilitation from athletic injury, several studies in North America have focused on athletic trainers' roles as physical and psychological caregivers for injured athletes. Wiese, Weiss, and Yukelson (1991) examined the views of athletic trainers on the psychological characteristics that distinguished athletes who coped well, versus those who coped poorly with rehabilitation, and also sought athletic trainers opinions on the role of psychological skills in injury rehabilitation. This study replicated the Wiese et al. (1991) study with Australian physiotherapists and extended it to include the viewpoints of professional basketball players. The results indicated the importance attached to communication and motivation by both physiotherapists and athletes in the rehabilitation process. Both athletes and physiotherapists did not, however, think psychological skills such as relaxation or imagery techniques to be particularly useful tools in the recovery process.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.14.2.138
Abstract: This study examined whether the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS) is a useful tool for monitoring training stress in cycling athletes. Participants ( n = 11) completed the POMS weekly during six weeks of high-intensity interval cycling and a one-week taper. Cycling performance improved over the first three weeks of training, plateaued during Weeks 4 and 5, decreased slightly following Week 6, and then significantly increased during the one-week taper. Neither the high-intensity interval training nor the one-week taper significantly affected total mood or specific mood states. POMS data from two cyclists who did not show improved performance capabilities during the taper (overtraining) were not distinctly unique when compared to cyclists who did improve. Also, one cyclist, who on some days had the highest total mood disturbance, responded well to the taper and produced his best personal effort during this time period. These findings raise questions about the usefulness of POMS to distinguish, at an in idual level, between periods of productive and counterproductive high-intensity training.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1996
DOI: 10.1207/S15328023TOP2301_9
Abstract: We describe the use of ex les from sport and exercise psychology in the undergraduate psychology curriculum. Sport and exercise have much to offer general psychology and can provide interesting and stimulating ex les of psychological research, principles, and practice. We discuss sport and exercise topics from developmental psychology, social psychology, and introductory statistics.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1080/15438620600987064
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two psychological interventions designed to reduce injury among dancers by enhancing coping skills. Participants were 35 ballet dancers. They were assigned to three conditions: control (n = 12), autogenic training (n = 12), and a broad-based coping skills condition, including autogenic training, imagery, and self-talk (n = 11). The 12-week interventions were designed on the basis of results from previous studies. For the 12 weeks following the intervention, participants were asked to practice their respective interventions three times a week. During the 24-week period (12 weeks training plus 12 weeks practice), training staff at the dance academies recorded injuries on a record sheet each day. Participants wrote injury records by themselves for another 24 weeks. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate tests for each dependent variable showed that the broad-based coping skills condition enhanced coping skills, in particular, peaking under pressure, coping with adversity, having confidence and achievement motivation, and concentrating. Separate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), one using preintervention injury frequency as the covariate and one using preintervention injury duration as the covariate, revealed that participants in the broad-based coping skills condition spent less time injured than participants in the control condition.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-01-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-1997
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.11.2.219
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0578-X
Abstract: Several studies have suggested that psychosocial variables can increase the risk of becoming injured during sport participation. The main objectives of these meta-analyses were to examine (i) the effect sizes of relationships between the psychosocial variables (suggested as injury predictors in the model of stress and athletic injury) and injury rates, and (ii) the effects of psychological interventions aimed at reducing injury occurrence (prevention). Electronic databases as well as specific sport and exercise psychology journals were searched. The literature review resulted in 48 published studies containing 161 effect sizes for injury prediction and seven effect sizes for injury prevention. The results showed that stress responses (r = 0.27, 80 % CI [0.20, 0.33]) and history of stressors (r = 0.13, 80 % CI [0.11, 0.15]) had the strongest associations with injury rates. Also, the results from the path analysis showed that the stress response mediated the relationship between history of stressors and injury rates. For injury prevention studies, all studies included (N = 7) showed decreased injury rates in the treatment groups compared to control groups. The results support the model's suggestion that psychosocial variables, as well as psychologically, based interventions, can influence injury risk among athletes.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2004
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2004
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-06-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2008
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2015
Abstract: Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is like an immortal horse that some researchers have been trying to beat to death for over 50 years but without any success. In this article we discuss the flaws in NHST, the historical background in relation to both Fisher’s and Neyman and Pearson’s statistical ideas, the common misunderstandings of what p 05 actually means, and the 2010 APA publication manual’s clear, but most often ignored, instructions to report effect sizes and to interpret what they all mean in the real world. In addition, we discuss how Bayesian statistics can be used to overcome some of the problems with NHST. We then analyze quantitative articles published over the past three years (2012–2014) in two top-rated sport and exercise psychology journals to determine whether we have learned what we should have learned decades ago about our use and meaningful interpretations of statistics.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1991
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2001
Abstract: In iduals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often advised not to participate in vigorous exercise. Leading a relatively sedentary life, however, may exacerbate the debilitating effects of MS. In this study, 22 people participated in either a no-special-activity group ( n = 11) or an experimental group ( n = 11) that involved water aerobics three times a week for 10 weeks. Measures taken included scales for health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological well-being. ANCOVAs using social support and the appropriate pretest scores as covariates revealed that after the intervention, the exercise group had more energy and vigor (extremely large effect sizes). Other very large effects were found in the exercise group, which had better social and sexual functioning and less bodily pain and fatigue than the control group. Future research should involve long-term studies to determine whether exercise not only improves quality of life but also helps slow the progression of disease.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1097/00006842-199309000-00010
Abstract: Horowitz, Adler, and Kegeles recently developed the Positive States of Mind (PSOM) scale to assess the ability to achieve desirable states of mind. According to a stress and injury model, a theoretical foundation exists for the PSOM being used to predict vulnerability to athletic injuries. In the first study, 277 collegiate athletes from 10 sports completed the PSOM. The scale showed good internal consistency Cronbach's alpha was .77 for the six items. Principle components factor analysis revealed two distinct factors. No sex or ethnic differences occurred for the total PSOM scale or the two factors. In the second study, injury data were gathered throughout the season on 82 athletes who completed the PSOM. Pearson-product correlations revealed the factor, Focused on Task, significantly correlated with injury. Athletes able to attain higher positive states of mind were less at risk for injury. The studies indicate the acceptability of using the PSOM with an athletic population and its usefulness as a potential predictor of injury risk. Future research using the PSOM scale in more general injury and accident investigations is suggested.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.21.3.317
Abstract: Graduates ( n = 16) and teaching staff ( n = 11) of Australian master’s of applied psychology programs (sport and exercise) participated in interviews about learning experiences that they believed contributed to service-delivery competence. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically content analyzed. The authors sought to enhance research credibility through data source and analyst triangulation. Participants thought the main contributions to service-delivery competence were client interactions relationships among teaching staff, supervisors, and students and specific events outside of the training programs. Participants considered sport psychology research and theory to be helpful when applicable to clients. The authors discuss issues arising under the major themes relating to practitioner development, such as supervisor-supervisee relationships. The results of the study have implications for future training in sport psychology, such as the mentoring of students, the grounding of practice in research and theory, and how anxiety can be minimized during role-plays.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-06-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1080/08964289.1997.10543549
Abstract: We examined perceptual deficits hypothesized in a model of stress and injury relationships. An ophthalmologic perimeter was used to measure peripheral and central vision during baseline and demanding task situations for 201 intercollegiate athletes from 10 sports. We conducted analyses of covariance with the stress measures as dependent variables and their appropriate baseline measures as covariates. Performance under demanding tasks deteriorated significantly on all the perceptual variables. In iduals with high negative life events scores experienced greater peripheral narrowing and slower central vision reaction time during stress than did those with life events scores that were low. Men with low social support had more failures to detect cues, and men with high negative life events, low social support, and low coping skills had the lowest perceptual sensitivity. Women with high negative life events and low coping skills had more failures to detect cues. We discuss the findings in terms of how stress responsivity may influence injury risk through changes in perception and attention.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(00)80051-1
Abstract: The power of research design in studies published in the Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport (AJSMS: now the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport) for the years 1996 and 1997 were analysed for their ability to detect small, medium, and large effects according to Cohen's (1988) conventions. Also examined were the reporting and interpreting of effect sizes and the control for experiment-wise (EW) Type I error rates. From the two years of articles, 29 studies were analysed, and power was computed on 108 different tests of significance. The median power of the studies to detect small, medium, and large effects were .14, .65 and .97, respectively. These results suggest that exercise and sport science research, at least as represented in AJSMS, is probably underpowered and may be limited in detecting small effects, has a better, but still underpowered, chance of detecting medium effects, and has adequate power principally for detecting large effects. The reporting of effect sizes was rare, and adequate interpretation of them was even rarer. The mean EW Type I error rate for all studies was .49. The analyses conducted suggest that much research in exercise science may have substantial Type I and Type II errors. An appeal is made for exercise scientists to conduct power analyses, control for EW error, exercise caution in the interpretation of nonsignificant results, and examine, report, and interpret effect sizes rather than solely rely on p values to determine whether significant changes occurred or significant relationships exist.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Coach–athlete sexual relationships constitute ethical, behavioral, social, and emotional quandaries that are rarely addressed openly. Most of the current body of research in this area focuses on coaches’ sexual harassment and abuse of children and female athletes. In the present article, we discuss legal coach–athlete sexual relationships and adopt a coach perspective. As dual relationships, coach–athlete sexual relationships blur the boundaries between professional roles circumscribed (usually) by ethical codes of conduct and private spheres of love and desire. We explore the problems associated with the limitations of dichotomous right/wrong ethical decision making and discuss additional ways to understand these relationships, accounting for coaches’ and athletes’ well-being, performance, gendered sexual agency, power, ethical dilemmas, sport policy, and legal implications. Our discussion raises questions about how to open up dialogue and transparency regarding coach–athlete sexual relationships and how to facilitate functional, healthy coach–athlete relationships. Finally, we provide implications for future research that include legal and consensual coach–athlete sexual relationships and advocate transparency, open discussion, and coach education about coach–athlete sexual relationship dilemmas.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-06-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1987
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2007
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-2000
DOI: 10.1123/ATT.5.3.46
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2018
Abstract: There is limited evidence for what characteristics of supervision delivery facilitate novice supervisees’ development. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between supervision-delivery approaches and the perceptions of service-delivery competence development in novice practitioners. The authors interviewed 9 supervisor–supervisee dyads before and after the academic term in which the supervisees had their first applied experiences. Supervisees also completed reflective journal entries regarding their supervisory experiences and development. Data analysis included constant comparative analysis and triangulation of qualitative results with a practitioner-skills inventory. Different approaches to supervision delivery seemed to contribute similarly to novice supervisees’ development. Supervisees developed in more areas when the dyads had consistent meetings, close supervisory relationships, feedback, and frequent opportunities for self-reflection and when supervisors adapted the delivery to the supervisees’ developmental levels. In addition, factors in supervisees’ background, practice, and supervision that contributed to perceptions of service-delivery competence are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1994
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-01-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1994
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-1996
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.10.3.278
Abstract: Supervision plays a central role in the training of sport psychologists, but little discussion of what constitutes adequate supervision of trainees and practitioners is available in the applied sport psychology literature. Broader issues of supervision, such as the training of students to become supervisors, metasupervision, and career-long collegial supervision are rarely discussed. This paper will present models of general supervision processes from training the neophyte to collegial supervision, derived primarily from clinical and counseling psychology. Included are supervising the delivery of performance-enhancement services, identifying trainee and client needs, helping the student understand transference and countertransference phenomena, and suggestions for examining the relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee. Suggestions for improving supervision include course work and/or practica in supervision processes for applied sport psychology graduate programs along with continuing education workshops at sport psychology conferences.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.26.4.624
Abstract: This case study involves the progression from a cognitive-behavioral, psychological skills training approach with a rugby football player experiencing adjustment and mood disorder to a psychodynamic and interpersonal engagement with the client using themes from Buddhist psychotherapy. The study charts the development of the psychologist’s understanding of his relationships with clients and with his supervisor. We present a study of three people (i.e., the client, the psychologist, the supervisor) and how their stories and interpersonal interactions are interwoven from a Buddhist-psychodynamic perspective. We examine the influences of the dominant White culture on the male psychologist’s perceptions contrasted with the client’s background as a Pacific Islander. In addition, we present a projective test, which was central to the unfolding of this case study, designed for use with athletes. This case study is a confessional tale (Sparkes, 2002) told in the first-person from the psychologist’s viewpoint.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1998
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.11.3.326
Abstract: This study expanded the work of Waite and Pettit (1993) and contacted 75 graduate programs for lists of names and addresses of students who graduated between 1989 and 1994 ( N = 731). Doctoral ( n = 92) and master ( n = 162) graduates completed a tracking survey (modified from Waite & Pettit), reporting their demographics, educational backgrounds, current positions, incomes, initial and future career goals, and supervised experiences. The majority of doctoral graduates have found positions in academia/research, and most of the master graduates were in some sport or sport psychology-related job. The majority of the master and doctoral graduates, however, reported that finding paying sport psychology work was difficult, and many expressed at least moderate levels of frustration with the progress of their sport psychology careers. The information from this study could be useful for advising current and potential graduate students about career options after graduation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1123/JSEP.27.1.32
Abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of a prevention intervention program to lower the incidence of injury for soccer players with at-risk psychosocial profiles. The Sport Anxiety Scale, the Life Event Scale for Collegiate Athletes, and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 were used to screen for psychosocial risk factors outlined in the stress and injury model (Williams & Andersen, 1998). Thirty-two high injury-risk players were identified and randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Injuries of participants were reported by their coaches. The intervention program consisted of training in 6 mental skills distributed in 6 to 8 sessions during 19 weeks of the competitive season. The results showed that the brief intervention prevention program significantly lowered the number of injuries in the treatment group compared with the control group.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-01-2015
Publisher: Montenegrin Sports Academy
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-05-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.1995.9937514
Abstract: The complex authority, accountability, and supervisory structures of sports medicine groups in athletic departments can lead to conflicts that affect healthcare delivery for student-athletes. The authors review consultation models that counselors, sport psychologists, and other organizational consultants can use in dealing with these problems in collegiate sports medicine groups and offer ex les of improved functioning through systemic, group, and in idual intervention.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-005-4661-2
Abstract: This study was a pilot project to explore the effect of an autogenic training program (AT a relaxation intervention) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and well-being for people with multiple sclerosis. Participants either met weekly for sessions in AT for 10 weeks (n = 11) or were assigned to the control group (n = 11). The AT group was also asked to practice the technique daily at home. Scales designed to measure HRQOL and aspects of well-being (mood and depressed affect) were taken preintervention and at week 8 of the 10-week program. ANCOVAs using a measure of social support and pretest scores as covariates revealed that at the posttest the AT group reported more energy and vigor than the control group and were less limited in their roles due to physical and emotional problems. Future research should involve studies conducted over an extended period, together with sufficiently sized s les to explore the effect of frequency of practice of relaxation training on HRQOL and well-being for people with multiple sclerosis.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.21.2.227
Abstract: The authors focus on many of the complex issues that sport psychologists face when working with athletes through the process of leaving sport. They briefly review the literature on career termination to serve as a foundation for a discussion of the effects that an athlete’s career termination can have on teammates, family, and the self. The authors also explore the issue of bias and prejudice. People intimately involved in sport (sport psychologists included) often have a prejudice toward sport relative to other possible activities or goals. This bias might influence how sport psychologists listen to, interpret, and formulate athlete cases. Case ex les are used to highlight the difficulties of identifying career-termination concerns and the professional and personal tensions that come with making sport career changes. With care, sport psychologists can manage career termination and related issues and effectively address the health and happiness of the athletes they serve.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1999
Abstract: In this study, we measured changes in state anxiety, visual perception and reaction time during stress among 196 collegiate athletes participating in 10 sports. The athletes also completed measures of life events and social support at the beginning of their seasons. Measures of life events stress, social support, perceptual changes and changes in reaction time during stress were used as predictors of the number of injuries. For the entire s le, the only significant predictor of injury was negative life events stress (R = 0.45, P < 0.001). Following the suggestions of Smith et al., simple correlations were performed for those with least social support (bottom 33%, n = 65). Among this group, those in iduals with more negative life events and greater peripheral narrowing during stress incurred more injuries than those with the opposite profile. Our findings are in line with the model of Andersen and Williams, in that those in iduals who were low in a variable that buffers stress responsivity (i.e. social support), their negative life events and peripheral narrowing under stress (large and medium effect sizes, respectively) were substantially related to their number of injuries.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2001
DOI: 10.1037/0735-7028.32.1.12
Abstract: Although the parent discipline of sport psychology is psychology, the delivery of sport psychology services has its main roots in physical education and sports science (motor learning and control, skill acquisition). Thus, sport psychologists may look more like coaches than they look like clinicians or counselors. In this article, the authors trace the evolution of sport psychology services and contrast the temporal, spatial, and delivery issues of applied sport psychology with more mainstream counseling and clinical psychology. The looser boundaries of sport psychologist practice have both benefits and dangers, and the authors offer some ex les to professional psychologists who are thinking of expanding their delivery of service to athletes and coaches.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1990
DOI: 10.1080/08964289.1990.9934606
Abstract: This study examined one of the mechanisms proposed to be behind the relationship between life stress and injury. Past researchers have identified a correlation between high life stress and athletic injury for contact and noncontact sports and for male and female athletes, but they did not investigate why athletes who experienced stress from life events were more prone to injury than those whose lives were low in stressful events. The authors tested the hypothesis that recreational athletes with high life-event stress would, when placed in a stressful, dual-task laboratory situation, experience greater narrowing of peripheral vision and state anxiety than recreational athletes with low life-event stress. ANOVA and regression results offered support for peripheral vision deficits as a potential mechanism in the life stress-injury relationship and very minimal support the effect of elevated state anxiety. The great variability in peripheral vision changes for the groups with high life stress suggests that, for certain subjects, some unmeasured variable may be buffering the adverse impact of high life-event stress. The authors recommend that future researchers examine potential moderating variables, such as coping resources, and assess the relative contributions of psychosocial variables, stress history variables, and mediating mechanisms in predicting actual injuries.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(01)80036-0
Abstract: A survey based on those employed by Petitpas, Brewer, Rivera, and Van Raalte (1994), Pope, Tabachnick, and Keith-Spiegel (1987), Pope and Vetter (1992), and Tabachnick, Keith-Spiegel, and Pope (1991) was used to investigate the ethical beliefs and behaviours of Victorian fitness professionals. Although there is evidence that Victorian fitness professionals are knowledgeable about some general ethical principles, the results of this study suggest that there is some lack of consensus among Victorian fitness professionals about the ethical appropriateness of a number of complex issues relating to business practices, confidentiality, dual relationships, and personal and professional boundaries. The findings suggest there is a need to improve the professional and ethical education of fitness professionals and to develop comprehensive ethical principles and a code of conduct that is relevant to the in iduals working in the Australian fitness profession.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2007
Abstract: Many of the measurements used in sport psychology research are arbitrary metrics, and researchers often cannot make the jump from scores on paper-and-pencil tests to what those scores actually mean in terms of real-world behaviors. Effect sizes for behavioral data are often interpretable, but the meaning of a small, medium, or large effect for an arbitrary metric is elusive. We reviewed all the issues in the 2005 volumes of the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, The Sport Psychologist , and the Journal of Applied Sport Psychology to determine whether the arbitrary metrics used in sport psychology research were interpreted, or calibrated, against real-world variables. Of the 54 studies that used quantitative methods, 25 reported only paper-and-pencil arbitrary metrics with no connections to behavior or other real-world variables. Also, 44 of the 54 studies reported effect sizes, but only 7 studies, using both arbitrary and behavioral metrics, had calculated effect indicators and interpreted them in terms of real-world meaning.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-06-2023
Start Date: 2016
End Date: 2019
Funder: Stiftelsen för Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling
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