ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6230-6027
Current Organisation
Universidade de Lisboa
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-015-3279-5
Abstract: Modern lifestyles require people to spend prolonged periods of sitting, and public health messages recommend replacing sitting with as much standing as is feasible. The metabolic/energy cost (MEC) of sitting and standing is poorly understood, and MEC associated with a transition from sitting to standing has not been reported. Thus, we carefully quantified the MEC for sitting, standing and sit/stand transitions, adjusting for age and fat-free mass (FFM) in a s le of adults with no known disease. Participants (N = 50 25 women), 20–64 years, randomly performed three conditions for 10 min each (sitting, standing, 1 sit/stand transition min(−1) and then sitting back down). MEC was measured by indirect calorimetry and FFM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. V̇O2 (ml kg(−1) min(−1)) for sitting (2.93 ± 0.61 2.87 ± 0.37 in men and women respectively), standing (3.16 ± 0.63 3.03 ± 0.40), and steady-state cost of repeated sit/stand transitions (1 min(−1)) (3.86 ± 0.75 3.79 ± 0.57) were significantly different regardless of sex and weight (p < 0.001). EE (kcal min(−1)) also differed from sitting (1.14 ± 0.18 0.88 ± 0.11), to standing (1.23 ± 0.19 0.92 ± 0.13), and sit/stand transitions (1 min(−1)) (1.49 ± 0.25 1.16 ± 0.16). Heart-rate increased from sitting to standing (~13 bpm p < 0.001). Neither sex nor FFM influenced the results (p ≥ 0.05). This study found in a s le of adults with no known disease that continuous standing raised MEC 0.07 kcal min(−1) above normal sitting. The transition from sitting to standing (and return to sitting) had a metabolic cost of 0.32 kcal min(−1) above sitting. Therefore, public health messages recommending to interrupt sitting frequently should be informed of the modest energetic costs regardless of sex and body composition.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2011
DOI: 10.1002/AJHB.21231
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the independent association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) with overweight and total and abdominal obesity in an elderly population. A total of 112 males and 185 females, 65-103 years, were assessed for PA with accelerometers and results from six-minute walk test were used as a CRF marker. Waist circumference was dichotomized into normal or abdominal obesity and BMI was categorized into normal, overweight, or obesity. Binary logistic regression models were performed. Binary logistic regressions showed that, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) predicted OR for abdominal obesity (OR = 1.4% P = 0.026), obesity (OR = 2.9% P < 0.001), and both conditions coupled (OR% = 4.0% P < 0.001). Even adjusting for CRF, MVPA remained a significant predictor. CRF was associated with OR for abdominal obesity (OR = 0.4% P = 0.001). In conclusion, higher CRF is associated with lower risk for abdominal obesity in elderly. Independently MVPA predicts OR for obesity, abdominal obesity, and the cluster of both conditions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-06-2014
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.926382
Abstract: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk. Even in athletes an increased adiposity affects health and performance. Sedentary behaviour has been associated with higher levels of adiposity, independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. However, it is unclear whether this independent relationship still exists in highly trained athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the association of sedentary behaviour with body fatness in elite athletes. Cross-sectional data from 82 male athletes (mean age 22 years) were used. Total and regional body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Self-reported time spent in sedentary behaviour and weekly training time was assessed in all participants at one time point and multiple regression analyses were used. Sedentary behaviour predicted total fat mass (β = 0.77 95% CI: 0.36-1.19, P < 0.001) and trunk fat mass (β = 0.25 95% CI: 0.07-0.43, P = 0.007), independent of age, weekly training time, and residual mass (calculated as weight-dependent variable) but not abdominal fat. Also, no associations of sedentary behaviour with fat-free mass, appendicular lean soft tissue, and body mass index were found. These findings indicate that athletes with higher amounts of sedentary behaviour presented higher levels of total and trunk fatness, regardless of age, weekly training time, and residual mass. Therefore, even high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels do not mitigate the associations between sedentary behaviour and body fatness in highly trained athletes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-03-2019
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1586281
Abstract: Sedentary behaviour (SB) is an independent health risk-factor and interrupting SB seems to be beneficial. SB is both defined by posture and intensity, thus objective measurement of postures remains a priority. The ActivPAL inclinometer (AP) has been used as a reference for postural estimation, but information on the validity of the Actigraph inclinometer (AG
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 14-02-2013
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2012-091610
Abstract: During childhood and adolescence, both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour seem to influence cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) however, the combined association of PA and sedentary behaviour remains to be understood. We analysed the combined association of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) on CRF in Portuguese children and adolescents. The s le comprised 2506 Portuguese healthy children and adolescents aged 10-18 years, from a cross-sectional school-based study (2008). PA and sedentary behaviour were assessed with accelerometry. Participants were classified as meeting current PA guidelines for youth versus not meeting, and as low versus high sedentary (according to the median value of sedentary time/day by age and gender), and then grouped as follows: Low active-high sedentary low active-low sedentary high active-high sedentary high active-low sedentary. CRF was assessed with the FITNESSGRAM 20 m shuttle-run test. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to verify the relationship between high CRF and the combined influence of MVPA/sedentary behaviour, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and accelerometer wear time. Participants classified as high active/low sedentary (OR=1.81 95% CI 1.21 to 2.69), as well as those classified as low active/low sedentary (OR=1.27 95% CI 1.01 to 1.61) were more likely to be fit, compared with those from the low-active/high-sedentary group. MVPA and sedentary behaviour may act independently in their relation with CRF, and that MVPA levels may not overcome the deleterious influence of high-sedentary time in maximising CRF.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2023
Abstract: In a randomized crossover trial, we examined the effects of interrupting sedentary behavior on glycemic control in trained older adults, before and after 2 weeks of detraining. Fourteen participants (65–90 years old) completed two 7-hr conditions before and after 2 weeks of detraining: (a) uninterrupted sitting (SIT) and (b) sitting plus 2 min of moderate-intensity activity every 30 min (INT). Both before and after detraining, no differences were observed for 7-hr glucose area under the curve (7 hr AUC) and mean glucose between sitting plus 2 min of moderate-intensity activity and uninterrupted sitting conditions. After detraining and for the SIT condition, higher values of 7-hr AUC ( p = .014) and mean glucose ( p = .015) were observed, indicating worsened glycemic control. No changes were observed in INT condition between both time points. Frequent interruptions in sedentary behavior had no effect on glycemic control, prior to or after detraining. Even so, older adults experiencing a short-term detraining period should avoid prolonged bouts of sedentary behavior that may jeopardize their glycemic control.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-015-0501-4
Abstract: In older adults, sedentary behavior has been positively associated with obesity and impaired metabolic health, additional to low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Further to the total time spent in sedentary behavior, the manner in which it is accumulated - number of continuous sedentary bouts of different extends - may also be relevant. The association for objectively measured uninterrupted sedentary bouts and respective patterns with abdominal obesity in older adults was examined. Cross-sectional. Community-based older people were recruited in each region of Portugal. Data collection was performed between September, 2007 and May, 2009. 351 older adults (230 women) mean age of 75-years. Sedentary time was measured by an accelerometer (counts/minute <100), worn during waking hours for four consecutive days. Continuous sedentary bouts of 5<min<10, 10< min<20, 20< min<30, 30< min 60 length were treated (counts/minute 102 cm women>88 cm). There were positive and escalating linear associations for the continuum of sedentary bouts' lengths with waist circumference. Logistic regression showed that for each additional sedentary bout of 10< min<20 the odds of being abdominally obese increased by 6.8% (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.13) up to 48% (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07 - 2.03) for each 1-hour sedentary bout increment, after controlling for age, gender, total sedentary time, MVPA time, total wear time, movement counts within the sedentary bouts, socio-demographic and other behavioral attributes, and medical history. These findings indicate positive graded associations for continuous sedentary bouts with abdominal obesity. Public health recommendations regarding breaking up sedentary time more often, potentially avoiding very prolonged bouts of sedentary time, are expected to be relevant for older adults.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001785
Abstract: We aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of patterns of sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with total fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal FMI (FMI abd ) in children, and additionally, to analyze if cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mediated these associations. Fat mass index and FMI abd were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 333 participants (172 girls) age 9 to 11 yr. MVPA, ST, breaks in ST per sedentary hour (BST/ST) and the number of daily sedentary bouts with various lengths (1–4, 5–9, 10–14, and ≥15 min) were assessed with accelerometry and CRF using a maximal cycle test. Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS was used for mediation analysis. The number of shorter sedentary bouts (1–4 min) was inversely associated with FMI (β = −0.108), whereas longer sedentary bouts (5–9 min, β = 0.169 10–14 min, β = 0.193 ≥15 min, β = 0.377) had a positive association, independent of MVPA ( P 0.05). A similar trend was found for FMI abd . Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was negatively related to FMI (β = −0.029) and to FMI abd (β = −0.003). There were no main associations for ST and BST/ST ( P 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely related to total and abdominal adiposity, and a large portion (40.9–65.7%) of the associations of MVPA and sedentary bouts with both FMI and FMI abd were mediated by CRF. Time in MVPA and accumulating ST in shorter sedentary bouts is inversely related to adiposity. However, these associations may be mediated by CRF. Emphasis should be given to programs that target increases in MVPA, which may influence CRF while reducing sedentary recreational behaviors.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 19-07-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-07-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-020-2338-1
Abstract: High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries 1,2 . However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world 3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health 4,5 . However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million in iduals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-04-2022
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003602
Abstract: Cunha, PM, Ribeiro, AS, Padilha, C, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Cyrino, LT, Tomeleri, CM, Nascimento, MA, Antunes, M, Fernandes, RR, Barbosa, DS, Venturini, D, Burini, RC, Sardinha, LB, and Cyrino, ES. Improvement of oxidative stress in older women is dependent on resistance training volume: Active aging longitudinal study. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1141–1146, 2022—The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with a higher versus lower training volume on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Thirty-eight older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a group that performed 1 set per exercise (low volume [LV], n = 18) or 3 sets per exercise (high volume [HV], n = 20). The whole-body RT consisted of a 12-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed with sets of 10–15 repetitions maximum, 3 days per week. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were used as OS biomarkers. The composite Z-score of the percentage changes from pre- to posttraining of OS biomarkers according to groups was calculated. A significant main effect of time ( p 0.05) was found for AOPP (LV = −7.3% vs. HV = −12.2%) and TRAP (LV = +1.5% vs. HV = +15.5%) concentrations, without a statistical difference between the groups ( p 0.05). A significant group vs. time interaction ( p 0.001) was revealed for FOX (LV = +6.4% vs. HV = −8.9%). The overall analysis indicated higher positive changes for HV than LV (composed Z-score: HV = 0.41 ± 1.22 vs. LV = −0.37 ± 1.03 p 0.05). Our results suggest that a greater volume of RT seems to promote superior improvements on OS biomarkers in older women.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2017.78
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.2.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-03-2016
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1058198
Abstract: It is important for highly active in iduals to easily and accurately assess their hydration level. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) can potentially meet these needs but its validity in active in iduals is not well established. We aim to validate total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) estimates obtained from 50 kHz BIA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS), and BIA-based models against dilution techniques in 2 populations: active adults and elite athletes. Active males (N = 28, 20-39 years) involved in recreational sports and elite athletes (females: N = 57, 16-35 years males: N = 127, 16-38 years) participated in this study. TBW and ECW were assessed with deuterium and bromide dilution, respectively. ICW was assessed as their difference. Body water compartments were also assessed by BIA (BIA-101), BIS (model 4200), and BIA-based equations. Small but significant differences were observed between alternative methods and the criterion in all subs les. In female athletes, r(2) > 0.69, r(2) > 0.57, and r(2) > 0.65 were observed between methods in the TBW, ECW, and ICW estimates. In males, r(2) > 0.75, r(2) > 0.65, and r(2) > 0.68 were found between alternative and reference methods in the TBW, ECW, and ICW estimates, respectively, whereas for male recreational exercisers, r(2) > 0.58, r(2) > 0.73, and r(2) > 0.75 were observed. Pure errors ranged between 0.19 to 3.32 kg for TBW, 0.64 to 1.63 for ECW, and 1.98 to 2.64 in ICW. The highest limits of agreement (LoA) were observed in Van Loan and Mayclin equation and the BIA method, respectively, for TBW and ECW assessment and the lowest LoA were observed in BIS for both TBW and ECW estimates. The higher accuracy of BIS in predicting in idual TBW, ECW, and ICW highlights its utility in water assessment of recreational and elite athletes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-019-01192-9
Abstract: Fat is a metabolic fuel, but excess body fat is ballast mass, and therefore, many elite athletes reduce body fat to dangerously low levels. Uncompressed subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness measured by brightness-mode ultrasound (US) provides an estimate of body fat content. The accuracy for determining tissue borders is about 0.1–0.2 mm and reliability (experienced measurers) was within ± 1.4 mm (95% limit of agreement, LOA). We present here inter- and intra-measurer scores of three experienced US measurers from each of the centres C1 and C2, and of three novice measurers from each of the centres C3–C5. Each of the five centres measured 16 competitive adult athletes of national or international level, except for one centre where the number was 12. The following sports were included: artistic gymnastics, judo, pentathlon, power lifting, rowing, kayak, soccer, tennis, rugby, basketball, field hockey, water polo, volleyball, American football, triathlon, swimming, cycling, long-distance running, mid-distance running, hurdles, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, and ice hockey. SAT contour was detected semi-automatically: typically, 100 thicknesses of SAT at a given site (i.e., in a given image), with and without fibrous structures, were measured. At SAT thickness sums D I (of eight standardised sites) between 6.0 and 70.0 mm, the LOA of experienced measurers was 1.2 mm, and the intra-class correlation coefficient ICC was 0.998 novice measurers: 3.1 mm and 0.988. Intra-measurer differences were similar. The median D I value of all 39 female participants was 51 mm (11% fibrous structures) compared to 17 mm (18%) in the 37 male participants. D I measurement accuracy and precision enables detection of fat mass changes of approximately 0.2 kg. Such reliability has not been reached with any other method. Although females’ median body mass index and mass index were lower than those of males, females’ median D I was three times higher, and their percentage of fibrous structures was lower. The standardised US method provides a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring SAT and thus changes in body fat, but training of measurers is important.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-09-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2020.06.018
Abstract: To examine the associations of changes in physical activity and sedentary patterns with changes in cardiometabolic outcomes from childhood to adolescence. Youth from the International Children's Accelerometry Database (n = 1088 55% girls), aged 8-13 years and followed for ∼4 years, were used in this analysis. Hip-mounted accelerometers were used and all physical activity intensities were expressed as the % of total wear-time. Sedentary time was separated into time spent in bouts <10 minutes and ≥10 minutes. A composite z score for cardiometabolic risk (CMR score) was computed by summing the standardized values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and the inverse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multivariate analyses were performed using adjusted linear regression models. Increase in sedentary time was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = 0.021 CI 0.004-0.037), TG (β = 0.003 CI 0.001-0.005), and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.068 CI 0.009-0.128). Decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was unfavorably associated with changes in LDL-c (β = -0.009 CI -0.017 to -0.001) and TG (β = -0.007 CI -0.013 to -0.001). Increase in ≥10 minutes sedentary time was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = 0.017 CI 0.004-0.030), LDL-c (β = 0.003 CI 0.000-0.005), and TG (β = 0.003 CI 0.000-0.004). Decrease in light-intensity physical activity was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = -0.020 CI = -0.040 to 0.000). More physical activity and less prolonged sedentary time are beneficial for cardiometabolic health in youth transitioning to adolescence.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-00930-X
Abstract: Levels of physical activity and variation in physical activity and sedentary time by place and person in European children and adolescents are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the variations in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents across Europe. Six databases were systematically searched to identify pan-European and national data sets on physical activity and sedentary time assessed by the same accelerometer in children (2 to 9.9 years) and adolescents (≥10 to 18 years). We harmonized in idual-level data by reprocessing hip-worn raw accelerometer data files from 30 different studies conducted between 1997 and 2014, representing 47,497 in iduals (2–18 years) from 18 different European countries. Overall, a maximum of 29% (95% CI: 25, 33) of children and 29% (95% CI: 25, 32) of adolescents were categorized as sufficiently physically active. We observed substantial country- and region-specific differences in physical activity and sedentary time, with lower physical activity levels and prevalence estimates in Southern European countries. Boys were more active and less sedentary in all age-categories. The onset of age-related lowering or leveling-off of physical activity and increase in sedentary time seems to become apparent at around 6 to 7 years of age. Two third of European children and adolescents are not sufficiently active. Our findings suggest substantial gender-, country- and region-specific differences in physical activity. These results should encourage policymakers, governments, and local and national stakeholders to take action to facilitate an increase in the physical activity levels of young people across Europe.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/CPF.12735
Abstract: Promoting youth sports participation is an excellent strategy to improve health and high‐level sports competition around the world. The aim of this study was to analyse the potential of commonly used physical‐fitness (PF) tests to discriminate against athletes from non‐athletes in young populations. One thousand eight hundred and thirty‐one youth people were analysed (boys: 514 non‐athletes and 401 athletes girls: 722 non‐athletes and 194 athletes) aged 10–18 years (y). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), agility and speed were tested using PF tests. Application of receiver operating characteristics curves was used to assess the discriminatory potential of each PF for distinguishing athletes from non‐athletes, with an area under the curve (AUC) higher than 65% (0.65). In the oldest groups (≥16 y), the speed test at 20 m in boys (AUC = 0.70) and horizontal jump test in girls (AUC = 0.75) were the best discriminators, while the push‐up‐test (AUC 10–11 y boys = 0.68, AUC 14–15 y boys = 0.68, AUC 10–11 y girls = 0.73, AUC 12–13 y girls = 0.87) and the PACER (AUC boys: 12–13 y = 0.68 and AUC girls 14–15 y = 0.73) appeared to be better discriminators than other PF tests, for the younger age‐groups. The speed‐test at 20 m and the horizontal‐jump were the best PF to identify older adolescents with athletic potential, while the PACER and push‐up tests were the most discriminatory for the younger adolescents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-01-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-08-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-12-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-103147
Abstract: Consumer wearable and smartphone devices provide an accessible means to objectively measure physical activity (PA) through step counts. With the increasing proliferation of this technology, consumers, practitioners and researchers are interested in leveraging these devices as a means to track and facilitate PA behavioural change. However, while the acceptance of these devices is increasing, the validity of many consumer devices have not been rigorously and transparently evaluated. The Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The consortium was founded in 2019 and strives to develop best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice consumer wearable and smartphone step counter validation protocol. A two-step process was used to aggregate data and form a scientific foundation for the development of an optimal and feasible validation protocol: (1) a systematic literature review and (2) additional searches of the wider literature pertaining to factors that may introduce bias during the validation of these devices. The systematic literature review process identified 2897 potential articles, with 85 articles deemed eligible for the final dataset. From the synthesised data, we identified a set of six key domains to be considered during design and reporting of validation studies: target population, criterion measure, index measure, validation conditions, data processing and statistical analysis. Based on these six domains, a set of key variables of interest were identified and a ‘basic’ and ‘advanced’ multistage protocol for the validation of consumer wearable and smartphone step counters was developed. The INTERLIVE consortium recommends that the proposed protocol is used when considering the validation of any consumer wearable or smartphone step counter. Checklists have been provided to guide validation protocol development and reporting. The network also provide guidance for future research activities, highlighting the imminent need for the development of feasible alternative ‘gold-standard’ criterion measures for free-living validation. Adherence to these validation and reporting standards will help ensure methodological and reporting consistency, facilitating comparison between consumer devices. Ultimately, this will ensure that as these devices are integrated into standard medical care, consumers, practitioners, industry and researchers can use this technology safely and to its full potential.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-01-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-103148
Abstract: Assessing vital signs such as heart rate (HR) by wearable devices in a lifestyle-related environment provides widespread opportunities for public health related research and applications. Commonly, consumer wearable devices assessing HR are based on photoplethysmography (PPG), where HR is determined by absorption and reflection of emitted light by the blood. However, methodological differences and shortcomings in the validation process h er the comparability of the validity of various wearable devices assessing HR. Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being: Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The consortium was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice validation protocol for consumer wearables assessing HR by PPG. The recommendations were developed through the following multi-stage process: (1) a systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, (2) an unstructured review of the wider literature pertaining to factors that may introduce bias during the validation of these devices and (3) evidence-informed expert opinions of the INTERLIVE Network. A total of 44 articles were deemed eligible and retrieved through our systematic literature review. Based on these studies, a wider literature review and our evidence-informed expert opinions, we propose a validation framework with standardised recommendations using six domains: considerations for the target population, criterion measure, index measure, testing conditions, data processing and the statistical analysis. As such, this paper presents recommendations to standardise the validity testing and reporting of PPG-based HR wearables used by consumers. Moreover, checklists are provided to guide the validation protocol development and reporting. This will ensure that manufacturers, consumers, healthcare providers and researchers use wearables safely and to its full potential.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-00960-5
Abstract: To gain more understanding of the potential health effects of sedentary time, knowledge is required about the accumulation and longitudinal development of young people’s sedentary time. This study examined tracking of young peoples’ total and prolonged sedentary time as well as their day-to-day variation using the International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Longitudinal accelerometer data of 5991 children (aged 4-17y) was used from eight studies in five countries. Children were included if they provided valid (≥8 h/day) accelerometer data on ≥4 days, including ≥1 weekend day, at both baseline and follow-up (average follow-up: 2.7y range 0.7–8.2). Tracking of total and prolonged (i.e. ≥10-min bouts) sedentary time was examined using multilevel modelling to adjust for clustering of observations, with baseline levels of sedentary time as predictor and follow-up levels as outcome. Standardized regression coefficients were interpreted as tracking coefficients (low: 0.3 moderate: 0.3–0.6 high: 0.6). Average total sedentary time at study level ranged from 246 to 387 min/day at baseline and increased annually by 21.4 min/day (95% confidence interval [19.6–23.0]) on average. This increase consisted almost entirely of prolonged sedentary time (20.9 min/day [19.2–22.7]). Total (standardized regression coefficient (B) = 0.48 [0.45–0.50]) and prolonged sedentary time (B = 0.43 [0.41–0.45]) tracked moderately. Tracking of day-to-day variation in total (B = 0.04 [0.02–0.07]) and prolonged (B = 0.07 [0.04–0.09]) sedentary time was low. Young people with high levels of sedentary time are likely to remain among the people with highest sedentary time as they grow older. Day-to-day variation in total and prolonged sedentary time, however, was rather variable over time.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2018
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) performed two versus three times per week on phase angle (a cellular health indicator) in older women. A total of 39 women (69.1 ± 5.5 years) were randomly assigned to perform a RT program two (G2X) or three (G3X) days per week for 12 weeks. The RT was a whole-body program (eight exercises, one set, 10–15 repetitions). Phase angle, resistance, reactance, and total body water were assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy. Intracellular water, reactance, and phase angle increased significantly in G2X (2.1%, 3.0%, and 5.6%, respectively) and G3X (5.0%, 6.9%, and 10.3%, respectively) from pretraining to posttraining, with no significant difference between groups. Bioimpedance resistance decreased similarly in both groups (G2X = −1.7% vs. G3X = −3.2%). We conclude that a single set RT program with a frequency of 2 days per week may be sufficient to promote an improvement in cellular health in older women.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2012.07.011
Abstract: The last decades of life have been traditionally viewed as a time of inevitable disease and frailty. Sedentary living and physical activity may influence capacity to perform activities that are needed to maintain physical independence in daily living. A total of 117 males and 195 females, aged 65-103years, were assessed for physical activity and sedentary time with accelerometers and for functional fitness with the Senior Fitness Test battery. Based on the in idual scores for each fitness item, a Z-score was created. Associations between functional fitness with sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were analyzed. A negative association was found between the composite Z-score for functional fitness and the sedentary time, even adjusting for MVPA and other confounders. On the other hand, MVPA was positively associated with the composite Z-score for functional fitness, independently of the sedentary time. In conclusion elderly who spend more time in physical activity or less time in sedentary behaviors exhibit improved functional fitness and other confounders. The results reinforce the importance of promoting both the reduction of sedentary behaviors and the increase of MVPA in this age group, as it may interfere at older ages in order to preserve functional fitness and performance of daily functioning tasks.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 19-07-2017
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2016-097210
Abstract: Sedentary time (ST) is an important risk factor for a variety of health outcomes in older adults. Consensus is needed on future research directions so that collaborative and timely efforts can be made globally to address this modifiable risk factor. In this review, we examined current literature to identify gaps and inform future research priorities on ST and healthy ageing. We reviewed three primary topics:(1) the validity/reliability of self-report measurement tools, (2) the consequences of prolonged ST on geriatric-relevant health outcomes (physical function, cognitive function, mental health, incontinence and quality of life) and(3) the effectiveness of interventions to reduce ST in older adults. A trained librarian created a search strategy that was peer reviewed for completeness. Self-report assessment of the context and type of ST is important but the tools tend to underestimate total ST. There appears to be an association between ST and geriatric-relevant health outcomes, although there is insufficient longitudinal evidence to determine a dose-response relationship or a threshold for clinically relevant risk. The type of ST may also affect health some cognitively engaging sedentary behaviours appear to benefit health, while time spent in more passive activities may be detrimental. Short-term feasibility studies of in idual-level ST interventions have been conducted however, few studies have appropriately assessed the impact of these interventions on geriatric-relevant health outcomes, nor have they addressed organisation or environment level changes. Research is specifically needed to inform evidence-based interventions that help maintain functional autonomy among older adults.This consensus statement has been endorsed by the following societies: Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy, Exercise & Sports Science Australia, Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, Society of Behavioral Medicine, and the National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00125-020-05089-5
Abstract: Vascular changes in in iduals with type 2 diabetes mellitus majorly contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been associated with improvements in vascular health. Although CRF tends to improve with exercise training, there remains a portion of participants with little or no improvement. Given the importance of vascular function in in iduals with type 2 diabetes, we assessed whether in iduals who failed to improve CRF following a 1 year exercise intervention also failed to improve arterial stiffness and structural indices. In iduals with type 2 diabetes with no major micro- and macrovascular complications and aged between 30 and 75 years old (n = 63) participated in a three-arm, 1 year, randomised controlled exercise intervention in Lisbon, Portugal. The study involved a non-exercise control group, a moderate continuous training combined with resistance training (RT) group and a high-intensity interval training with RT group. Allocation of participants into the intervention and control groups was done using a computer-generated list of random numbers. An improvement in CRF was defined as a change in [Formula: see text] ≥5%. Vascular stiffness and structural indices were measured using ultrasound imaging and applanation tonometry. Generalised estimating equations were used to compare changes in vascular measures across in iduals in the control group (n = 22) and those in the exercise groups who either had improved CRF (CRF responders n = 14) or whose CRF did not improve (CRF non-responders n = 27) following 1 year of exercise training. Compared with the control group, exercisers, with and without improvements in CRF, had decreased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (CRF responders: β = -2.84 [95% CI -5.63, -0.04] CRF non-responders: β = -5.89 [95% CI -9.38, -2.40]) and lower-limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) (CRF responders: β = -0.14 [95% CI -0.25, -0.03] CRF non-responders: β = -0.14 [95% CI -0.25, -0.03]), the latter being an indicator of peripheral arterial stiffness. Only CRF responders had decreased PWV of the upper limb compared with control participants (β = -0.12 [95% CI -0.23, -0.01]). As for central stiffness, CRF non-responders had increased aortic PWV compared with CRF responders (β = 0.19 [95% CI 0.07, 0.31]), whereas only the CRF non-responders had altered carotid distensibility coefficient compared with the control group (β = 0.00 [95% CI 3.01 × 10 Regardless of improvements in CRF, in iduals with type 2 diabetes had significant improvements in carotid IMT and lower-limb arterial stiffness following a 1 year exercise intervention. Thus, a lack of improvement in CRF following exercise in people with type 2 diabetes does not necessarily entail a lack of improvement in vascular health. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03144505 FUNDING: This work was supported by fellowships from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. This work is also financed by a national grant through the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), within the unit I&D 472.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-01-2023
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2022-106176
Abstract: (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6–18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack) (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test–retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness) handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength) and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including in idual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online ( www.fitbackeurope.eu ). This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-08-2020
Abstract: This study analyzed the effects of the pyramidal resistance training (RT) system with two repetition zones on cardiovascular risk factors in older women (≥60 years old). Fifty-nine older women were randomly assigned in three groups: non-exercise control (CON, n = 19), narrow-pyramid system (NPR, n = 20), and wide-pyramid system (WPR, n = 20). Training was performed for eight weeks (eight exercises for the whole-body, 3x/week) in which NPR and WPR performed three sets of 12/10/8 and 15/10/5 repetitions, respectively. Regional body fat was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood parameters related to glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profiles were assessed. After the training period, although no difference was observed for the magnitude of the changes between NPR and WPR, significant group by time interactions indicated benefits with RT compared to CON for reducing body fat (mainly android body fat −7%) and improving glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C and C-reactive protein (p 0.05). Composite z-score of cardiovascular risk, created by the average of the intervention effects on the outcomes, indicate similar responses between NPR and WPR, differing from CON (p 0.001). Results indicate that both the repetition zones of the pyramidal RT reduced similarly the cardiovascular risk in older women.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-06-2020
Abstract: Cross-sectional evidence exists on the beneficial effects of breaks in sedentary time (BST) on frailty in older adults. Nonetheless, the longitudinal nature of these associations is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the direction and temporal order of the association between accelerometer-derived BST and frailty over time in older adults. This longitudinal study analyzed a total of 186 older adults aged 67–90 (76.7 ± 3.9 years 52.7% females) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging over a 4-year period. Number of daily BST was measured by accelerometry. Frailty was assessed with the Frailty Trait Scale. Multiple cross-lagged panel models were used to test the temporal and reciprocal relationship between BST and frailty. For those physically inactive (n = 126), our analyses revealed a reciprocal inverse relationship between BST and frailty, such as higher initial BST predicted lower levels of later frailty (standardized regression coefficient [β] = −0.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.281, −0.018 p & .05) as well as initial lower frailty levels predicted higher future BST (β = −0.161, 95% CI = −0.310, −0.011 p & .05). Conversely, no significant pathway was found in the active participants (n = 60). In physically inactive older adults, the relationship between BST and frailty is bidirectional, while in active in iduals no associations were found. This investigation provides preliminary longitudinal evidence that breaking-up sedentary time more often reduces frailty in those older adults who do not meet physical activity recommendations. Targeting frequent BST may bring a feasible approach to decrease the burden of frailty among more at-risk inactive older adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JGS.17141
Abstract: Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and breaks in sedentary time (BST) have been proposed as viable solutions to improve an older adult's physical independence, whereas sedentary time (ST) has been associated with detrimental effects. We sought to assess the joint effects of ST, BST, and MVPA on the physical independence of older adults and determine whether and to what extent the ST relationship with physical independence is moderated by MVPA and/or BST. Cross‐sectional. Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics. Older adults (≥65 years old) from the national surveillance system in Portugal ( n = 821). Physical activity and ST were assessed by accelerometry. Physical independence was assessed using a 12‐item composite physical function (CPF) questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to model the outcomes. Higher ST was related to lower CPF score ( β = −0.01, p 0.0001), whereas higher MVPA was related to better CPF score ( β = 0.02, p 0.0001). BST was not related to physical independence after accounting for MVPA and ST ( β = 0.03, p = 0.074). MVPA had a moderating effect on the relationship of ST with CPF score ( p 0.0001), where MVPA ≥36.30 min/day ameliorated the significant inverse relationship between ST and CPF. Engaging in ≥107.78 of MVPA resulted in ST having a significant positive relationship with CPF score. No moderation effect was found for BST ( p 0.05). Regardless of the time spent in MVPA and BST, ST was inversely related to CPF. However, MVPA was found to be a moderator of the relationship between ST and physical independence, such that engaging in at least 36 min/day of MVPA may blunt the negative effects of ST. At high levels of MVPA (≥108 min/day), having some ST may actually provide some benefit to an older adult's ability to maintain physical independence.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2015.03.013
Abstract: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations can predict total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) in non-athletic healthy populations. This study aimed: a) to develop BIA-based models for TBW and ECW prediction based on dilution methods in a s le of national level athletes and b) to validate the new models with a cross-validation approach in a separate cohort using dilution methods as criterion. Two hundred and eight highly trained athletes (21.3 ± 5.0 years) were evaluated during their respective competitive seasons. Athletes were randomly split into development (n = 139) and validation groups (n = 69). The criterion method for TBW was deuterium dilution and for ECW was bromide dilution, where ICW was the respective difference between both. Resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were obtained with a phase-sensitive 50 kHz BIA device and used for the estimation of TBW and ECW. Athletic BIA-based models were developed for TBW and ECW [TBW = 0.286 + 0.195*S(2)/R + 0.385*Wt + 5.086*Sex ECW = 1.579 + 0.055*S(2)/R + 0.127*Wt + 0.006*S(2)/Xc + 0.932*Sex, where sex is 0 if female or 1 if male, Wt is weight (kg), S is stature (cm), and R and Xc are in ohm (Ω)]. Cross validation revealed R(2) of 0.91 for TBW and R(2) 0.70 for ECW and no mean bias. The new equations can be considered valid, with no observed bias, thus affording practical means to quantify TBW and ECW in national level athletes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNESP.2019.04.007
Abstract: Obesity and sarcopenia are independent illnesses associated with contemporary dietary and physical activity behaviors, aggravated by aging. Their coexistence is termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). Hence, increasing protein intake and resistance training (RT) are interventions that could counteract these illnesses. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation associated with RT on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with SO. Twenty six sarcopenic (appendicular lean soft tissue ALST < 15.02 kg) obese (body fat mass ≥ 35%) older women were randomly assigned to receive daily, either 35 g of WP (WP group) or placebo (PLA group), combined with supervised RT (8 exercises, 3 × 8-12 rep, 3 times a week), during a 12-week protocol. Blood s les, blood pressure, dietary intake, functional capacity tests, the one repetition maximum (1RM) test, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. The WP group presented greater (P < 0.05) increases in ALST (WP = 6.0% vs. PLA = 2.5%) and decreases in (P < 0.05) total (-3.3% vs. -0.3%) and trunk fat mass (WP = -5.1% vs. PLA = -1.1) and IL-6 (WP = -34.6% vs. PLA = 9.3%) compared with the PLA group. Both groups demonstrated improved (P < 0.05) scores for muscular strength, waist-hip ratio, functional capacity, and other plasma-metabolism biomarkers without significant differences between conditions. Whey protein combined with RT increased ALST, and decreased total and trunk fat mass, improving sarcopenia and decreasing SO in older women, with a limited impact on inflammation. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier n° NCT03752359.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.490263
Abstract: The aim of this research was to report the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative s le of Portuguese youth. This was a school-based study performed in Portugal. A total of 22 048 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years were included in the study. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs were used to categorise overweight and obese participants. Using IOTF cut-offs the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.0 and 4.6% in girls, and 17.7 and 5.8% in boys, respectively (p 0.05 for obesity), whereas WHO cut-offs resulted in overweight and obesity prevalence scores of 23.1 and 9.6% in girls, and 20.4 and 10.3% in boys, respectively (p 0.05 for obesity). With IOTF cut-offs, a lower prevalence of obesity and overweight was observed at higher ages, in both genders. With the WHO cut-offs, a lower prevalence of obesity and overweight was observed at higher ages, in boys. In girls, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increases from 10 to 12 years of age and decreases from the age of 13 to 18 years. The prevalence for overweight/obesity among Portuguese children and adolescents vary according to the cut-off points used and are also of concern requiring strategies to promote healthy weight gain among children and adolescents.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-08-2021
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1964749
Abstract: Investigation into correlates across all levels of the socio-ecological model predictive of objectively measured physical activity has rarely been assessed in adults. While considering a ersity of correlates, we determined which correlates best predict sensor-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary-time (ST) in adults. A Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection algorithm was used to hierarchize the correlates associated with high ST (≥66.6
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-2019
Abstract: Background : This investigation aimed to analyze the agreement between the GT3X accelerometer and the ActivPAL inclinometer for estimating and detecting changes in sedentary behavior of different contexts among adolescents. Methods : Secondary data from an intervention using standing desks in the classroom conducted within 2 sixth-grade classes (intervention [n = 22] and control [n = 27]) were used. The intervention took place over 16 weeks, with activity assessments (ActivPAL and GT3X) being performed 7 days before and in the last week of the intervention. Baseline information from both groups was considered for cross-sectional analysis (209 valid days), while data from 20 participants (intervention group) were used for longitudinal analysis. Results : The authors observed that GT3X overestimated sedentary time at school (16.8%), after school (13.5%), and during weekends (7.3%) compared with ActivPAL ( P .05). Outside the school (after school [ r = −.188] and on weekends [ r = −.260]), there was a trend to higher overestimation among adolescents with less sedentary behavior. Longitudinally, the GT3X was unable to detect changes resulting from an intervention in school hours (ActivPAL = −34.7 min·9 h −1 vs GT3X = +6.7 min·9 h −1 P .05). Conclusions : The authors conclude that GT3X (cut-point of counts·min −1 ) overestimated sedentary time of free-living activities and did not detect changes resulting from a classroom standing desk intervention in adolescents.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2023
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-10-2012
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2023
DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2023-001626
Abstract: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among in iduals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on in iduals and society. In response to this trend, numerous organisations came together under one umbrella in Hamburg, Germany, in April 2021 and signed the ‘Hamburg Declaration’. This represented an international commitment to take all necessary actions to increase PA and improve the health of in iduals to entire communities. In iduals and organisations are working together as the ‘Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity’ to drive long-term in idual and population-wide behaviour change by collaborating with all stakeholders in the community: active hospitals, physical activity specialists, community services and healthcare providers, all achieving sustainable health goals for their patients/clients. The ‘Hamburg Declaration’ calls on national and international policymakers to take concrete action to promote daily PA and exercise at a population level and in healthcare settings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00431-011-1595-2
Abstract: The purposes of this study were to develop age- and sex-specific waist circumference reference data for Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years and to compare them with those from other countries. This was a school-based study performed in Portugal. A total of 22,003 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years were included in the study. Smoothed sex- and age-specific 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentile curves of waist circumference were estimated using Cole's lambda-mu-sigma method. Waist circumference values increased with age in both boys and girls, and boys had higher values than girls at every age and percentile. In both sexes, the Portuguese values in the 90th percentile were closer to the Bolivian values and considerably lower than those of the American children for all age groups. The data presented provide information for abdominal risk assessment and clinical and lifestyle intervention our results also provide useful baseline data information for the implementation of a surveillance system required to monitor trends and factors associated with abdominal obesity in children and adolescents.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 20-07-2020
DOI: 10.1055/A-1192-5205
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of three resistance exercise orders on muscular strength, body composition, and functional fitness in trained older women. Forty-five women (aged ≥60 years), after performing 12 weeks of a pre-conditioning resistance-training program were randomly assigned in one of the following groups that performed the exercises in the following orders: multi-joint to single-joint order (MJ-SJ, n=15), single-joint to multi-joint order (SJ-MJ, n=15), and alternating between upper and lower body order (ALT, n=15). Specific training intervention lasted 12 weeks (3x/week) and was composed of eight exercises performed in three sets of 15/10/5 repetitions, with increasing load through the sets. Muscular strength was estimated by one-repetition maximum tests body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and functional fitness was analyzed with a sequence of four motor tests. All groups improved similarly in muscular strength (Cohen’s effect size: MJ-SJ=0.45 SJ-MJ=0.48 ALT=0.45), skeletal muscle mass (MJ-SJ=0.08 SJ-MJ=0.07 ALT=0.09), and functional test performance (MJ-SJ=0.38 SJ-MJ=0.20 ALT=0.31), but no change was observed for body fat (P .05). The results suggest that 12 weeks of resistance training induce positive changes in muscle morphofunctionality, regardless of the exercise order employed in trained older women.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 13-06-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.09.22275139
Abstract: (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness European children and adolescents aged 6–18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multi-language fitness platform (FitBack) (2) To provide comparisons across European countries. This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by: (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data, and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the ALPHA test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity, and health-related predictive validity: the 20-m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness) handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength) and body height, body mass, body mass index, and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the GAMLSS method. A total of 7,966,693 data points from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex- and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including in idual and group reporting, and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available at www.fitbackeurope.eu . This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from a health, educational and sport perspective, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe. - Fitness testing in youth is important from a health, educational and sport point of view. - The EU-funded ALPHA project reviewed the existing evidence and proposed a selection of field-based fitness tests that showed the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity, and health-related predictive validity among available tests. - The FitBack project provides the most up-to-date and geographically erse reference fitness values for 6-to 18-year-old Europeans. - This study introduces the first web-based, open-access, and multi-lingual fitness reporting platform (FitBack) providing interactive information and visual mapping of the European fitness landscape. - From a health perspective, very low fitness levels are a non-invasive indicator of poor health at both the in idual and group level (e.g., school, region), which have utility for health screening and may guide public health policy. There are already ex les of regional and national fitness testing systems that are integrated into the healthcare systems. - From an educational perspective, fitness testing is part of the school curriculum in many countries, and the FitBack platform offers physical education teachers an easy-to-use tool for interpreting fitness test results by sex and age. - From a sport perspective, these reference values can help identify young in iduals who are talented in specific fitness components.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYY016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2018
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 23-12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-11-2016
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.12805
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between muscular fitness and inflammatory biomarkers and to investigate the relationship between muscular fitness and selected clustered inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents (267 girls) aged 12-18 years. Handgrip strength and standing long jump tests assessed MF. Continuous scores of clustered inflammatory biomarkers (sum of Z-scores of C-reactive protein [CRP], C3, C4, fibrinogen, and leptin) metabolic risk factor (MRF) score (sum of Z-scores of SBP, triglycerides, ratio total cholesterol [TC]/HDL, HOMA-IR, and waist circumference [WC]) were computed. Regression analyses showed an inverse association between muscular fitness score (β=-.204 P<.021) and clustered score of inflammatory biomarkers, adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), MRF score, and body fat. Analysis of covariance showed that adolescents with an adverse inflammatory profile with low levels of muscular fitness exhibit the poorest MRF score (F
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DOM.13551
Abstract: To evaluate the impact of one-year high intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with resistance training (RT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MCT) combined with RT on glycaemic control, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial included 96 participants with type 2 diabetes for a one-year supervised exercise intervention with three groups: Control, HIIT with RT and MCT with RT). The control group received standard counseling regarding general PA guidelines, with no structured exercise sessions. The main outcome variable was HbA1c (%). Secondary outcomes were other glycaemic variables, body composition, anthropometry measurements, CRF and enjoyment of exercise. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model outcomes. Among the 96 participants enrolled in the intervention, 80 were randomized, with a mean (SD) age of 58.5 years (7.7) and a mean HbA1c of 7.2% (1.6). After adjusting the model for sex and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we found that both the MCT with RT (β, 0.003 P, 0.921) and the HIIT with RT (β, 0.025 P, 0.385) groups had no effect on HbA1c. A favourable effect was observed in the MCT with RT group, with a reduction in whole body fat index (β, -0.062 P, 0.022), android fat index (β, -0.010 P, 0.010) and gynoid fat index (β, -0.013 P, 0.014). Additionally, CRF increased during the intervention, but only in the MCT with RT group (β, 0.185 P, 0.019). The results from this study suggest that there was no effect of either MCT with RT or HIIT with RT on glycaemic control in in iduals with type 2 diabetes. However, the combination of MCT and RT improved body composition and CRF following a one-year intervention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-10-2022
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2127377
Abstract: The aging process reflects, in many cases, not only a decline in physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF), but also an increase in overall levels of sedentary time (ST). In order to hierarchically identify the most powerful correlates related to low and high levels of objectively assessed PA, ST, and PF during the late adulthood, a total of 2666 older adults were cross-sectionally evaluated. Multidimensional correlates were obtained through interview. Using chi-squared automatic detection analysis to identify the cluster of correlates with most impact on PA (<21.4 min/day), ST (≥8 hours/day), and PF (<33.3th percentile), was found that the most likely subgroup to be physically inactive consisted of widowers not owning a computer and sport facilities in the neighborhood (94.7%), while not being widowed, reporting to have a family that exercises and a computer at home (54.3%) represented the subgroup less likely to be inactive. Widowers without sidewalks in the neighborhood were the most sedentary group (91.0%), while being a married woman and reporting to have space to exercise at home (40%) formed the most favorable group of correlates regarding ST. Men reporting a financial income <500€ and physical problems frequently formed the group with the lowest PF level (70.3%). In contrast, the less likely subgroup to have low levels of PF level consisted of having a financial income ≥1000€ and a computer at home (3.4%). Future interventions should target widowers with limited accessibility to computer and urban/sport-related infrastructures, as well as impaired older adults with low financial income.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2014
Abstract: This cross-sectional study was designed to develop normative functional fitness standards for the Portuguese older adults, to analyze age and gender patterns of decline, to compare the fitness level of Portuguese older adults with that of older adults in other countries, and to evaluate the fitness level of Portuguese older adults relative to recently published criterion fitness standards associated with maintaining physical independence. A s le of 4,712 independent-living older adults, age 65–103 yr, was evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test battery. Age-group normative fitness scores are reported for the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. Results indicate that both women and men experience age-related losses in all components of functional fitness, with their rate of decline being greater than that observed in other populations, a trend which may cause Portuguese older adults to be at greater risk for loss of independence in later years. These newly established normative standards make it possible to assess in idual fitness level and provide a basis for implementing population-wide health strategies to counteract early loss of independence.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.GAITPOST.2015.03.326
Abstract: Sedentary time, specifically sitting/reclining, is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and premature mortality. Inclinometers have been used as a valid measurement of sedentary time and its patterns however, there is a lack of information regarding the validity of alternative accelerometry and heart rate methods. The validity of GT3X and Actiheart in estimating changes in daily sedentary time and breaks, during free-living settings, using ActivPAL as the reference was examined. A crossover randomized control trial of an intervention that aimed to reduce ∼3 h/day of sitting time included 10 overweight/obese adults (37-65 years). Participants had a total of 74 valid days for the three devices (29 controls 45 interventions). For ActivPAL, sedentary time was measured directly based upon posture (sitting/reclining) Actiheart, the presumed MET cutpoint for sedentary time (<1.5 METs) based on accelerometry+heart rate GT3X, the traditional <100countsmin(-1). A break in sedentary time was defined as when the participants were above the aforementioned cutoffs. GT3X overestimated and Actiheart underestimated sedentary time (bias=135min bias=-156min, respectively) and both methods overestimated breaks in sedentary time (bias=78 bias=235 breaks, respectively). The GT3X method was in better agreement with the ActivPAL sedentary time (r2=0.70 concordance correlation coefficient (CCC)=0.56) than the Actiheart (r2=0.24 CCC=0.31). The present results highlight the magnitude of potential errors in estimating sedentary time and breaks from common alternative methods other than ActivPAL. Because misclassification errors from the commonly used surrogates are potentially large, this raises concern that alternative methods used in many epidemiological observations may have underestimated the true effects caused by too much sitting (ClinicalTrials.govID:NCT02007681).
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-01-2018
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002773
Abstract: Ribeiro, AS, Schoenfeld, BJ, dos Santos, L, Nunes, JP, Tomeleri, CM, Cunha, PM, Sardinha, LB, and Cyrino, ES. Resistance training improves a cellular health parameter in obese older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2996–3002, 2020—Phase angle (PhA) is a viable indicator of cellular health, with higher values reflecting better cellularity, cell membrane integrity, and cell function. Adaptive responses to resistance training (RT) on PhA may be important in obese older people. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of RT on PhA in obese older women. Thirty-three obese older women (68.1 ± 5.7 years, 71.6 ± 10.1 kg, 154.5 ± 6.7 cm, 30.0 ± 4.1 kg·m −2 , and 45.0 ± 6.0% body fat) were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups: a training group that performed the RT program (TG, n = 18) or a nonexercise control group (CG, n = 15). The whole-body RT consisted of an 8-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed for 3 sets of 8–12 repetitions 3 times a week. Anthropometric, body fat and fat-free mass, PhA, total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water compartments were performed at before and after training. After the intervention period, the TG presented greater increases ( p 0.05) than CG for fat-free mass (TG = +1.3% and CG = −0.3%), TBW (TG = +2.0% and CG = −1.7%), ICW (TG = +3.1% and CG = −1.9%), and PhA (TG = +3.4% and CG = −1.4%), and lower values for percentage of body fat (TG = −1.3% and CG = +0.9%) and bioimpedance resistance (TG = −4.6% and CG = +2.3%). Our results suggest that 8 weeks of RT improves PhA—a cellular health parameter—in obese older women.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 06-2013
Abstract: Acute and chronic caffeine intakes have no impact on hydration status (R.J. Maughan and J. Griffin, J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 16(6): 411–420, 2003), although no research has been conducted to analyze the effects using dilution techniques on total-body water (TBW) and its compartments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of caffeine on TBW, extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) during a 4-day period in active males. Thirty men, nonsmokers and low caffeine users ( mg·day −1 ), aged 20–39 years, participated in this double-blind, randomized, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: No. NCT01477294). The study included 2 conditions (5 mg·kg −1 ·day −1 of caffeine and placebo (malt-dextrin)) of 4 days each, with a 3-day washout period. TBW and ECW were assessed by deuterium oxide and sodium bromide dilution, respectively, whereas ICW was calculated as TBW minus ECW. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity (PA) was assessed by accelerometry and water intake was assessed by dietary records. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test main effects. No changes in TBW, ECW, or ICW and no interaction between the randomly assigned order of treatment and time were observed (p 0.05). TBW, ECW, and ICW were unrelated to fat-free mass, water ingestion, and PA (p 0.05). These findings indicate that a moderate caffeine dose, equivalent to approximately 5 espresso cups of coffee or 7 servings of tea, does not alter TBW and fluid distribution in healthy men, regardless of body composition, PA, or daily water ingestion.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2020
Abstract: The authors aimed to compare the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation combined with resistance training on skeletal muscle mass (SMM), total body water, intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) in resistance-trained men as well as to determine whether the SMM/ICW ratio changes in response to the use of this ergogenic aid. Twenty-seven resistance-trained men received either Cr ( n = 14) or placebo ( n = 13) over 8 weeks. During the same period, subjects performed two split resistance training routines four times per week. SMM was estimated from appendicular lean soft tissue assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body water, ICW, and ECW were determined by spectral bioelectrical impedance. Both groups showed improvements ( p .05) in SMM, total body water, and ICW, with greater values observed for the Cr group compared with placebo. ECW increased similarly in both groups ( p .05). The SMM/ICW ratio did not change in either group ( p .05), whereas the SMM/ECW ratio decreased only in the Cr group ( p .05). A positive correlation was observed ( p .05) between SMM and ICW changes ( r = .71). The authors’ results suggest that the increase in muscle mass induced by Cr combined with resistance training occurs without alteration of the ratio of ICW to SMM in resistance-trained men.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-05-2014
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.906046
Abstract: This study aimed to produce age- and sex-specific physical fitness reference data for Portuguese youth to report the prevalence of youth in the healthy zone of physical fitness according to the FITNESSGRAM(®) criteria to verify the agreement between the Portuguese physical fitness percentiles and the FITNESSGRAM(®) healthy zones. In 2008, 22,048 Portuguese children and adolescents (10-18 years) were evaluated. Physical fitness (curl-ups, push-ups, 20-m shuttle run and modified-back-saver-sit-and-reach tests) was evaluated using the FITNESSGRAM(®) Test Battery 8.0. Smoothed percentile curves were estimated using Cole's LMS method. Boys consistently outperformed girls in every physical fitness test, except for the modified-back-saver-sit-and-reach tests. In both sexes and for all physical fitness tests, higher percentile values were observed at older ages. The 50th percentile of all physical fitness tests had the highest accuracy to discriminate between under healthy zone and healthy zone of the FITNESSGRAM(®). Portuguese schools and physical education teachers may considerer the 50th percentile for age and sex or the FITNESSGRAM(®) criteria for classifying participants in the healthy zone as acceptable cut-offs, above which youth should be considered fit. These reference values can be used as normative data and for baseline values for subsequent surveillance of the physical fitness of Portuguese youth.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-019-0858-6
Abstract: Evidence on the association between sitting for extended periods (i.e. prolonged sedentary time (PST)) and cardio-metabolic health is inconsistent in children. We aimed to estimate the differences in cardio-metabolic health associated with substituting PST with non-prolonged sedentary time (non-PST), light (LIPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children. Cross-sectional data from 14 studies (7 countries) in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD, 1998–2009) was included. Accelerometry in 19,502 participants aged 3–18 years, together with covariate and outcome data, was pooled and harmonized. Iso-temporal substitution in linear regression models provided beta coefficients (95%CI) for substitution of 1 h/day PST (sedentary time accumulated in bouts 15 min) with non-PST, LIPA or MVPA, for each study, which were meta-analysed. Modelling substitution of 1 h/day of PST with non-PST suggested reductions in standardized BMI, but estimates were 7-fold greater for substitution with MVPA (− 0.44 (− 0.62 − 0.26) SD units). Only reallocation by MVPA was beneficial for waist circumference (− 3.07 (− 4.47 − 1.68) cm), systolic blood pressure (− 1.53 (− 2.42 − 0.65) mmHg) and clustered cardio-metabolic risk (− 0.18 (− 0.3 − 0.1) SD units). For HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure, substitution with LIPA was beneficial however, substitution with MVPA showed 5-fold stronger effect estimates (HDL-cholesterol: 0.05 (0.01 0.10) mmol/l) diastolic blood pressure: − 0.81 (− 1.38 − 0.24) mmHg). Replacement of PST with MVPA may be the preferred scenario for behaviour change, given beneficial associations with a wide range of cardio-metabolic risk factors (including adiposity, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure and clustered cardio-metabolic risk). Effect estimates are clinically relevant (e.g. an estimated reduction in waist circumference of ≈1.5 cm for 30 min/day replacement). Replacement with LIPA could be beneficial for some of these risk factors, however with substantially lower effect estimates.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2017
Abstract: This study analyzed the effects of a 12-week resistance training (RT) program without dietary interventions on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and inflammatory biomarkers in older women. Fifty-three older women (mean [±SD] age 70.4 ± 5.7 years mean body mass index 26.7 ± 4.0 kg/m After the 12-week period, there were significantly reductions (P < 0.05) in glucose levels (-20.4% vs -0.3%), waist circumference (-1.5% vs +2.0%), and systolic BP (-6.2% vs +0.9%), and complete normalization of MetS prevalence (18% at baseline vs. 0% after 12-weeks RT) in the TG. Moreover, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations decreased in the TG (-28.6% and -21.6%, respectively), but increased in the CG (+34.5% and +13.3%, respectively). In addition there were positive improvements in the MetS Z-score in the TG but not CG (-21.6% vs +13.3%, respectively). The results suggest that a 12-week RT program seems to effectively reduce MetS components and inflammatory biomarkers in older women, regardless of dietary intervention. The RT-induced adaptations in body composition and inflammatory biomarkers appear to be related to healthy adaptations in risk factors for MetS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 30-05-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S000711451800096X
Abstract: Non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and/or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) reductions may occur from diet and/or exercise-induced negative energy balance interventions, resulting in less-than-expected weight loss. This systematic review describes the effects of prescribed diet and/or physical activity (PA)/exercise on NEPA and/or NEAT in adults. Studies were identified from PubMed, web-of-knowledge, Embase, SPORTDiscus, ERIC and PsycINFO searches up to 1 March 2017. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCT), randomised trials (RT) and non-randomised trials (NRT) objective measures of PA and energy expenditure data on NEPA, NEAT and spontaneous PA ≥10 healthy male/female aged years and ≥7 d length. The trial is registered at PROSPERO-2017-CRD42017052635. In all, thirty-six articles (RCT-10, RT-9, NRT-17) with a total of seventy intervention arms (diet, exercise, combined diet/exercise), with a total of 1561 participants, were included. Compensation was observed in twenty-six out of seventy intervention arms (fifteen studies out of thirty-six reporting declines in NEAT (eight), NEPA (four) or both (three)) representing 63, 27 and 23 % of diet-only, combined diet/exercise, and exercise-only intervention arms, respectively. Weight loss observed in participants who decreased NEAT was double the weight loss found in those who did not compensate, suggesting that the energy imbalance degree may lead to energy conservation. Although these findings do not support the hypothesis that prescribed diet and/or exercise results in decreased NEAT and NEPA in healthy adults, the underpowered trial design and the lack of state-of-the-art methods may limit these conclusions. Future studies should explore the impact of weight-loss magnitude, energetic restriction degree, exercise dose and participant characteristics on NEAT and/or NEPA.
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 09-03-2021
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.60060
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-10-2014
Abstract: Physical function is a key determinant that corresponds to the physiological capacity of older adults to perform normal everyday activities, safely and independently, without undue fatigue. We examined the associations of sedentary behavior (SB), breaks in sedentary time (BST), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with physical function in older adults. Physical activity and SB were assessed with accelerometers (ActiGraph, GT1M) and physical function with the Senior Fitness Test battery, among 87 males and 128 females aged between 65 and 94 years. A composite Z-score was created based on the in idual scores for each Senior Fitness Test battery item. Associations of SB, BST, and MVPA with physical function were examined, adjusting for demographic attributes, physical independence, and medical status. A significant positive association was found between BST and the composite physical function Z-score, after adjusting for total SB, MVPA, and potential confounders. MVPA was also positively associated with physical function, after adjusting for SB, BST, and potential confounders. Those with low BST in conjunction with performing less than 30min/d of MVPA had lower physical function. Breaking-up sedentary time is associated with better physical function in older adults and, it may have an important place in future guidelines on preserving older adults' physical function to support activities of daily living.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/AJHB.23522
Abstract: Physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) are inversely associated with body mass index and waist circumference (WC), whereas sedentary time (ST) seems to boost obesity in youth. The aim was to examine the associations of each selected PF test, PA‐related exposures, and specific ST patterns with obesity and determine the most relevant ones, in a large s le of a school‐aged adolescent. The s le consisted of 2696 Portuguese youth aged 10 to 18 years. Height, weight, and WC were measured. PA and ST components were measured using accelerometry. PF was evaluated using a battery of tests. The Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) and push‐up tests seemed to be the exposures that presented the strongest and more consistent associations with obesity, independent of PA/ST profiles ( P .05). The second exposure of relevance for adolescent obesity level was the breaks in ST with a negative relationship regardless of PA/PF profiles ( P .05). Finally, ST accumulated in periods of minutes, and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA were favorably associated with obesity, independent of ST/PF. Independent of PA and ST, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured by PACER, was associated with obesity markers. This may be in part due to the dependence of PACER performance on adiposity. Also, limiting prolonged ST and promoting interruptions in this behavior were associated with obesity. These associations suggest that future research should examine other strategies beyond PA promotion for tackling obesity that consider CRF and breaking ST.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1479103
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with different training volumes on phase angle (PhA), body water components, and muscle quality (MQ) in untrained older adult women. A second purpose was to assess the relationship between PhA and MQ. Sixty-two older adult women (68.6 ± 5.0 years, 65.2 ± 13.3 kg, 156.1 ± 6.2 cm) were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: two training groups performed either 1 set (G1S) or 3 sets (G3S), or a control group (CG). Body water components and PhA were estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). MQ was determined by iding skeletal muscle mass estimated by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) by total muscle strength from three exercises. After the intervention period, both training groups demonstrated improvements (P < 0.05) when compared with CON for intracellular water, total body water, PhA, and MQ. These results suggest that RT can improve PhA, body water components, and MQ after 12 weeks of RT in untrained older women, regardless of training volume. Furthermore, changes in MQ were positively correlated with changes in PhA (r = 0.60, P < 0.01).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11357-015-9760-6
Abstract: In older adults, sedentary time is positively associated with obesity. The manner in which it is accumulated, i.e., the number of breaks in sedentary time, might be also important. We examined the cross-sectional associations of breaks in sedentary time with abdominal obesity in 301 older adults (111 men and 190 women) aged 75.0 ± 6.8 years. Sedentary time (counts min(-1) < 100) and physical activity were objectively measured by accelerometry, worn during waking hours for at least three consecutive days. A break was defined as an interruption (≥ 100 counts min(-1) 102 cm women >88 cm). Using binary logistic regression analyses, the odds for abdominal obesity decreased 7 % for each additional hourly break in sedentary time in women (OR = 0.93, 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00), but not men, independently of total sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The odds for abdominal obesity were 3.21 times higher (p = 0.039) for women in quartile 1 ( 353 breaks day(-1)) of daily breaks in sedentary time.These findings indicate that older women who interrupt their sedentary time more frequently are less likely to present abdominal obesity. Public health recommendations regarding breaking-up sedentary time complementary to those for physical activity are likely to be relevant.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 2013
Abstract: Research on the effect of caffeine on energy expenditure (EE), physical activity (PA), and total sleep time (TST) during free-living conditions using objective measures is scarce. We aimed to determine the impact of a moderate dose of caffeine on TST, resting EE (REE), physical activity EE (PAEE), total EE (TEE), and daily time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities in a 4-day period and the acute effects on heart rate (HR) and EE in physically active males. Using a double-blind crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01477294) with two conditions (4 days each with 3-day washout) randomly ordered as caffeine (5 mg/kg of body mass/day) and placebo (maltodextrin) administered twice per day (2.5 mg/kg), 30 nonsmoker males, low-caffeine users ( mg/day), aged 20–39, were followed. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA was assessed by accelerometry, while a combined HR and movement sensor estimated EE and HR on the second hour after the first administration dose. REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and PAEE was calculated as [TEE − (REE + 0.1TEE)]. TST and daily food records were obtained. Repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. After a 4-day period, adjusting for fat-free mass, PAEE, and REE, TST was reduced (p = 0.022) under caffeine intake, while no differences were found between conditions for REE, PAEE, TEE, and PA patterns. Also, no acute effects on HR and EE were found between conditions. Though a large in idual variability was observed, our findings revealed no acute or long-term effects of caffeine on EE and PA but decreased TST during free-living conditions in healthy males.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01095-X
Abstract: The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated with obesity – such as physical activity – are more favorable on days that contain more ‘structure’ (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset. Data were received from the International Children’s Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only non-intervention data (e.g., baseline intervention data), children with at least 1 weekday and 1 weekend day, and ICAD studies with data collected exclusively during school months, were included for analyses. Mixed effects models accounting for the nested nature of the data (i.e., days within children) assessed MVPA minutes per day (min/day MVPA) differences between weekdays and weekend days by region/country, adjusted for age, sex, and total wear time. Separate meta-analytical models explored differences by age and country/region for sex and child weight-status. Valid data from 15 studies representing 5794 children (61% female, 10.7 ± 2.1 yrs., 24% with overweight/obesity) and 35,263 days of valid accelerometer data from 5 distinct countries/regions were used. Boys and girls accumulated 12.6 min/day (95% CI: 9.0, 16.2) and 9.4 min/day (95% CI: 7.2, 11.6) more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Children from mainland Europe had the largest differences (17.1 min/day more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, 95% CI: 15.3, 19.0) compared to the other countries/regions. Children who were classified as overweight/obese or normal weight/underweight accumulated 9.5 min/day (95% CI: 6.9, 12.2) and 10.9 min/day (95% CI: 8.3, 13.5) of additional MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Children from multiple countries/regions accumulated significantly more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days during school months. This finding aligns with the SDH and warrants future intervention studies to prioritize less-structured days, such as weekend days, and to consider providing opportunities for all children to access additional opportunities to be active.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-11-2020
Abstract: Aging causes some unfavorable morphological and functional changes, such as the decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time seem to be related with these alterations, but the impact of distinct patterns remains unclear. The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally and prospectively assess the association between objectively measured MVPA and sedentary patterns (bouts and breaks) with BMD and physical function in older adults. The study considered 151 Brazilians (aged ≥ 60 years), out of which 68 participants completed 2-year follow-up measurements. MVPA and sedentary patterns were measured by means of accelerometry, BMD—(total proximal femur and lumbar spine (L1-L4)) by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and physical function—by means of physical tests. In older women, sedentary bouts min were inversely associated with handgrip strength (β = −2.03, 95% CI: from −3.43 to −0.63). The prospective analyses showed that changes in sedentary bouts (20 to 30 min and min) were inversely associated with changes in the lumbar spine’s BMD (β = −0.01, 95% CI: from −0.01 to −0.00 and β = −0.03, 95% CI: from −0.06 to −0.01) and the lumbar spine’s T-score (β = −0.06, 95% CI: from −0.10 to −0.01 and β = −0.27, 95% CI: from −0.49 to −0.04), respectively. In older women, sedentary patterns are cross-sectionally associated with handgrip strength and prospectively associated with BMD independent of MVPA.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2017.2
Abstract: It is well documented that meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines of 150 min per week is protective against chronic disease, and this is likely explained by higher energy expenditure (EE). In opposition, sedentary behavior (low EE) seems to impair health outcomes. There are gold standard methods to measure EE such as the doubly labeled water (DLW) or calorimetry. These methods are highly expensive and rely on complex techniques. Motion sensors present a good alternative to estimate EE and have been validated against these reference methods. This review summarizes findings from previous reviews and the most recently published studies on the validity of different motion sensors to estimate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) against DLW, and whether adding other indicators may improve these estimations in children and adults. Regardless of the recognized validity of motion sensors to estimate PAEE and TEE at the group level, in idual bias is very high even when combining biometric or physiological indicators. In children, accelerometers explained 13% of DLW's PAEE variance and 31% of TEE variance. In adults, DLW's explained variance was higher, 29 and 44% for PAEE and TEE, respectively. There is no ideal device, but identifying postures seems to be relevant for both children and adults' PAEE estimates. The variance associated with the number of methodological choices that these devices require invite investigators to work with the raw data in order to standardize all these procedures and potentiate the accelerometer signal-derived information. Models that consider biometric covariates seem only to improve TEE estimations, but adding heart rate enhances PAEE estimations in both children and adults.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 20-07-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2014
DOI: 10.1038/EJCN.2014.51
Abstract: A combined heart rate (HR) and motion sensor (Actiheart) has been proposed as an accurate method for assessing total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). However, the extent to which factors such as caffeine may affect the accuracy by which the estimated HR-related PAEE contribution will affect TEE and PAEE estimates is unknown. Therefore, we examined the validity of Actiheart in estimating TEE and PAEE in free-living adults under a caffeine trial compared with doubly labeled water (DLW) as reference criterion. Using a double-blind crossover trial (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: #NCT01477294) with two conditions (4-day each with a 3-day-washout period), randomly ordered as caffeine (5 mg/kg per day) and placebo (malt-dextrine) intake, TEE was measured by DLW in 17 physically active men (20-38 years) who were non-caffeine users. In each condition, resting energy expenditure (REE) was assessed by indirect calorimetry and PAEE was calculated as (TEE-(REE+0.1 TEE)). Simultaneously, PAEE and TEE were estimated by Actiheart using an in idual calibration (ACC+HRstep). Under caffeine, ACC+HRstep explained 76 and 64% of TEE and PAEE from DLW, respectively corresponding results for the placebo condition were 82 and 66%. No mean bias was found between ACC+HRstep and DLW for TEE (caffeine:-468 kJ per day placebo:-407 kJ per day), although PAEE was slightly underestimated (caffeine:-856 kJ per day placebo:-1147 kJ per day). Similar limits of agreement were observed in both conditions ranging from -2066 to 3002 and from -3488 to 1776 kJ per day for TEE and PAEE, respectively. Regardless of caffeine intake, the combined HR and motion sensor is valid for estimating free-living energy expenditure in a group of healthy men but is less accurate for an in idual assessment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1474537
Abstract: We aimed to describe ST and its patterns on a national level. A hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph GT1M) was used to collect data during waking hours from 4575 Portuguese' participants from 2007-2009 (2683 females) aged 10-102 years old. Data was presented by sex, in 5-years age intervals, and by adolescents (n=2833), adults (n=1122), and older adults (n=620). Lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) smoothed percentile curves were estimated. Girls, women, and older women spent 61, 57, and 64% of wear time in ST, respectively. In males, ST represented 57, 60, and 62% of wear time respectively for boys, men, and older men. Comparing to other age groups, older adults spent a larger amount of ST in bouts ≥30-min (women: 33%, men: 39% of total ST). The number of breaks/ST hour were: 10.6 in girls, 11.7 in women, and 9.6 in older women. In males, the number of breaks/ST hour were: 11.2, 10.5, and 8.5 for boys, men, and older men. In conclusion, ST was not consistently higher at older ages. Instead, we found that the potential critical moments in which ST may be higher are during adolescence and in the transition from adulthood into older adulthood, which represents critical periods for interventions.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2017
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two different resistance training (RT) systems on oxidative stress biomarkers in older women. Fifty-nine older women (67.9 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Two training groups performed an 8 week RT program either in traditional (TD, n = 20) or a pyramid (PR, n = 20) system 3 times per week, or a control group (CG, n = 19). The TD program consisted of 3 sets of 8–12 RM with constant load for the 3 sets, whereas the PR training consisted of 3 sets of 12/10/8 RM with incremental loads for each set. As compared with the CG, both TD and PR achieved upregulation of the antioxidant system as evidenced by higher ( p .05) values of total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter plasma concentration after intervention (TD= 930.4 ± 160.0 µmolTrolox, PR= 977.8 ± 145.2 µmolTrolox, CG= 794.4 ± 130.2 µmolTrolox). For the protein oxidation adducts, TD and PR presented lower ( p .05) scores compared with CG (TD= 91.2 ± 25.0 µmol/L, PR= 93.0 ± 30.3 µmol/L, CG= 111.0 ± 20.4 µmol/L). However, there were no differences ( p .05) between trained groups in the antioxidant capacity markers and in the protein oxidation adducts markers. The results suggest that 8 weeks of progressive RT promotes an improvement in markers of oxidative stress in older women independent of the load-management RT system.
No related grants have been discovered for Luis Sardinha.