ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5816-4169
Current Organisations
Manchester Metropolitan University
,
Federation University
,
Nottingham Trent University
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-04-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2002
Abstract: Objectives: To study the effects of eight weeks of supervised, low intensity resistance training (80% of 10 repetition maximum (10RM)) and eight weeks of detraining on muscle strength and blood lipid profiles in healthy, sedentary postmenopausal women. Subjects: Fifteen postmenopausal women, aged 49–62 years, took part in the study. Subjects were assigned to either a control (n = 7) or training (n = 8) group. The training regimen consisted of three sets of eight repetitions of leg press, bench press, knee extension, knee flexion, and lat pull-down, three days a week at 80% of 10RM. Dynamic leg strength, 10RM, and blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), triglycerides, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)) were measured at baseline, after eight weeks of training, and after a further eight weeks of detraining. Results: Eight weeks of resistance training produced significant increases in knee extension ( F 1,13 = 12.60 p .01), bench press ( F 1,13 = 13.79 p .01), leg press ( F 1,13 = 15.65 p .01), and lat pull-down ( F 1,13 = 16.60 p .005) 10RM strength tests. Although 10RM strength decreased after eight weeks of detraining, the results remained significantly elevated from baseline measures. Eight weeks of training did not result in any significant alterations in blood lipid profiles, body composition, or dynamic isokinetic leg strength. There were no significant differences in any of the variables investigated over the 16 week period in the control group. Conclusions: These data suggest that a short, low intensity resistance training programme produces substantial improvements in muscle strength. Training of this intensity and duration was not sufficient to produce significant alterations in blood lipid concentrations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-13649-W
Abstract: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has risen to 8.5% among adults, which represents a staggering rise in prevalence from 4.7% in 1980. Whilst some treatments work by increasing insulin secretion, over time their effectiveness decreases. We aim to increase insulin secretion by developing strategies that work through mechanisms independent of current treatment options. Isolated CD1 mouse islets, INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, or C2C12 mouse myotubes were incubated in standard tissue culture media, or media supplemented with 28 mM glucose, 200 μM palmitic acid, and 200 μM oleic acid as a cellular model of diabetic glucolipotoxicity. Intracellular reactive species content was assayed using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate dye, inducible nitric oxide synthase levels determined by Western blot, 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydrpxnonenal both assayed by ELISA, insulin secretion quantified using ELISA or radioimmunoassay, and glucose uptake determined through 2-deoxy glucose 6 phosphate luminescence. Our data indicate that carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide available through the diet, is an effective scavenger of each of the aforementioned reactive species. This results in doubling of insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets or INS-1 β-cells. Crucially, carnosine also reverses glucolipotoxic inhibition of insulin secretion and enhances glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells. Thus, carnosine, or non-hydrolysable carnosine analogs, may represent a new class of therapeutic agent to fight type 2 diabetes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2017.10.038
Abstract: To determine, in conjunction with a wider investigation, whether 11 genetic variants in the vicinity of vitamin D, collagen and Wnt signalling pathways were associated with stress fracture injury in the Stress Fracture Elite Athlete (SFEA) cohort. Genotype-phenotype association study. Self-reported stress fracture history and demographic data were recorded in 518 elite athletes, 449 male and 69 female (mean age 24.2±5.5 years) from the SFEA cohort. Elite athletes were assigned to two groups based on history of stress fracture injury. Data were analysed for the whole cohort and sub-stratified in to male only and multiple stress fracture cases. Genotype was determined using a proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. SOST SNP rs1877632 and VDR SNPs rs10735810 and rs731236 were associated with stress fracture (p 0.05). These data suggest an important role for SOST SNP rs1877632 and VDR SNPs rs10735810 and rs731236 in the pathophysiology of stress fracture. This might be due to the role of the SNPs in the regulation of bone remodelling and adaptation to mechanical loading, with potential implications for the prevention and treatment of stress fracture injuries.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-09-2022
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-10-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-05-2022
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1152/PHYSIOLGENOMICS.00105.2015
Abstract: Despite numerous attempts to discover genetic variants associated with elite athletic performance, injury predisposition, and elite/world-class athletic status, there has been limited progress to date. Past reliance on candidate gene studies predominantly focusing on genotyping a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms or the insertion/deletion variants in small, often heterogeneous cohorts (i.e., made up of athletes of quite different sport specialties) have not generated the kind of results that could offer solid opportunities to bridge the gap between basic research in exercise sciences and deliverables in biomedicine. A retrospective view of genetic association studies with complex disease traits indicates that transition to hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches will be more fruitful. In studies of complex disease, it is well recognized that the magnitude of genetic association is often smaller than initially anticipated, and, as such, large s le sizes are required to identify the gene effects robustly. A symposium was held in Athens and on the Greek island of Santorini from 14–17 May 2015 to review the main findings in exercise genetics and genomics and to explore promising trends and possibilities. The symposium also offered a forum for the development of a position stand (the Santorini Declaration). Among the participants, many were involved in ongoing collaborative studies (e.g., ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE). A consensus emerged among participants that it would be advantageous to bring together all current studies and those recently launched into one new large collaborative initiative, which was subsequently named the Athlome Project Consortium.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.BONE.2014.10.004
Abstract: The RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway is important in the regulation of bone turnover, with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes within this pathway associated with bone phenotypic adaptations. To determine whether four SNPs associated with genes in the RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway were associated with stress fracture injury in elite athletes. Radiologically confirmed stress fracture history was reported in 518 elite athletes, forming the Stress Fracture Elite Athlete (SFEA) cohort. Data were analysed for the whole group and were sub-stratified into male and cases of multiple stress fracture groups. Genotypes were determined using proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific PCR assays. SNPs rs3018362 (RANK) and rs1021188 (RANKL) were associated with stress fracture injury (P<0.05). 8.1% of the stress fracture group and 2.8% of the non-stress fracture group were homozygote for the rare allele of rs1021188. Allele frequency, heterozygotes and homozygotes for the rare allele of rs3018362 were associated with stress fracture period prevalence (P<0.05). Analysis of the male only group showed 8.2% of rs1021188 rare allele homozygotes had suffered a stress fracture whilst 2.5% of the non-stress fracture group were homozygous. In cases of multiple stress fractures, homozygotes for the rare allele of rs1021188 and in iduals possessing at least one copy of the rare allele of rs4355801 (OPG) were shown to be associated with stress fracture injury (P<0.05). The data support an association between SNPs in the RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway and the development of stress fracture injury. The association of rs3018362 (RANK) and rs1021188 (RANKL) with stress fracture injury susceptibility supports their role in the maintenance of bone health and offers potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-12-2022
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2019
Abstract: The power clean and other weightlifting movements are commonly used in the development of muscle power. However, there is a paucity of research examining the use of the hook grip (HG) in weightlifting performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and kinetic, kinematic, and qualitative variables across a range of loads (75-100%) during power-clean performance with an HG and a closed grip. A total of 11 well-trained men (power-clean 1RM = 113.4 [15.9] kg, 1.34 × body mass) with at least 3 mo of HG experience volunteered to participate. Following a familiarization session, 1RM testing with the HG and closed grip were completed 5-7 d apart in a randomized order. Barbell kinetic and kinematic variables were recorded via a force platform and dual linear position transducer system. All subjects had a greater 1RM with the HG than with the closed grip (P < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.43). Peak velocity (ES = 0.41-0.70), peak power (ES = 0.43-0.61), peak force (ES = 0.50-0.57), and catch height (ES = 0.40-0.96) were significantly greater (P < .05) when using the HG at all or most of the submaximal intensities. In addition, subjects reported significantly greater perceptions of grip security, power, and technical competency at submaximal but not maximal loads. Athletes and coaches who implement weightlifting movements in their physical preparation should adopt the HG where possible. Furthermore, researchers and sport scientists should control and report the grip type used when performing weightlifting-type movements.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-05-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS16015
Abstract: Hand grip strength is a widely used proxy of muscular fitness, a marker of frailty, and predictor of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. To investigate the genetic determinants of variation in grip strength, we perform a large-scale genetic discovery analysis in a combined s le of 195,180 in iduals and identify 16 loci associated with grip strength ( P × 10 −8 ) in combined analyses. A number of these loci contain genes implicated in structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres ( ACTG1 ), neuronal maintenance and signal transduction ( PEX14, TGFA, SYT1 ), or monogenic syndromes with involvement of psychomotor impairment ( PEX14, LRPPRC and KANSL1 ). Mendelian randomization analyses are consistent with a causal effect of higher genetically predicted grip strength on lower fracture risk. In conclusion, our findings provide new biological insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of grip strength and the causal role of muscular strength in age-related morbidities and mortality.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 17-02-2023
Publisher: Brock University Library
Date: 11-02-2022
Abstract: Traditionally, the field of sports science has been interested in conducting research that is predominately quantitative in nature. Although this approach has provided significant findings, this has led to expert coaches’ experiential knowledge being neglected in favour of empirical knowledge. By investigating punching in boxing, we are interested in developing an understanding of whether elite coaches, through their experiential knowledge, intuitively identify key characteristics of effective punching as identified in controlled experimental research. For this purpose, five interviews were conducted with professional and amateur boxing coaches. From this qualitative approach it was evident that coaches’ knowledge was consistent with that of the empirical research on effective punching performance with four principal components emerging from the interview data. These included: 1) whole body movement, 2) footwork, 3) hip and shoulder rotation, and 4) hand and arm position. The data illuminated how coaches’ knowledge can be used to strengthen empirical findings in sports performance, in this case punching in boxing. Additionally, characteristics of performance that were discussed by coaches that were not identified in the empirical literature highlight directions for further research regarding effective punching technique, an area that requires further investigation before conclusive structures of good practice can be applied.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FEDUC.2023.1125259
Abstract: Exercise and Sport Science (EXSS) is a common degree offered at Australian universities, yet there is no systematic overview of this multidisciplinary field of study. This study aimed to determine the broad curriculum content of Australian EXSS degrees by summarizing the units offered, identify most commonly delivered content areas, and capture course information such as work-integrated learning (WIL) requirements and majors offered. Data were gathered through publicly available university course pages, with 30 EXSS courses included and only core units identified. The most common Australian EXSS units were “Exercise Physiology,” “Biomechanics,” “Research Methods and Data Analysis,” “Exercise Prescription and Delivery,” and “Exercise and Sport Psychology.” WIL requirements ranged from 140 to 300 h per course, and five courses offered majors. This study provides an overview of Australian EXSS courses, with the focus on exercise-related components reflecting accreditation requirements. Future research should examine how these courses equip students for the multidisciplinary EXSS industry.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Craig Sale.