ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4538-1751
Current Organisation
Universidade de São Paulo
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-01-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-12-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-009-1300-6
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the performance level of athletes on pacing strategy during a simulated 10-km running race, and the relationship between physiological variables and pacing strategy. Twenty-four male runners performed an incremental exercise test on a treadmill, three 6-min bouts of running at 9, 12 and 15 km h(-1), and a self-paced, 10-km running performance trial at least 48 h separated each test. Based on 10-km running performance, subjects were ided into terziles, with the lower terzile designated the low-performing (LP) and the upper terzile designated the high-performing (HP) group. For the HP group, the velocity peaked at 18.8 +/- 1.4 km h(-1) in the first 400 m and was higher than the average race velocity (P < 0.05). The velocity then decreased gradually until 2,000 m (P < 0.05), remaining constant until 9,600 m, when it increased again (P 0.05) and this initial velocity was not different from LP average racing velocity (14.5 +/- 0.7 km h(-1)). The velocity then decreased non-significantly until 9,600 m (P > 0.05), followed by an increase at the end (P < 0.05). The peak treadmill running velocity (PV), running economy (RE), lactate threshold (LT) and net blood lactate accumulation at 15 km h(-1) were significantly correlated with the start, middle, last and average velocities during the 10-km race. These results demonstrate that high and low performance runners adopt different pacing strategies during a 10-km race. Furthermore, it appears that important determinants of the chosen pacing strategy include PV, LT and RE.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 25-11-2011
Abstract: This study compared measurements of upper body aerobic fitness in elite (EC n=7) and intermediate rock climbers (IC n=7), and a control group (C n=7). Subjects underwent an upper limb incremental test on hand cycle ergometer, with increments of 23 W · min(-1), until exhaustion. Ventilation (VE) data were smoothed to 10 s averages and plotted against time for the visual determination of the first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds. Peak power output was not different among groups [EC=130.9 (±11.8) W IC=122.1 (±28.4) W C=115.4 (±15.1) W], but time to exhaustion was significantly higher in EC than IC and C. VO(2 PEAK) was significantly higher in EC [36.8 (±5.7) mL.kg(-1).min(-1)] and IC [35.5 (±5.2) mL.kg(-1).min(-1)] than C [28.8 (±5.0) mL.kg(-1).min(-1)], but there was no difference between EC and IC. VT1 was significantly higher in EC than C [EC=69.0 (±9.4) W IC=62.4 (±13.0) W C=52.1 (±11.8) W], but no significant difference was observed in VT2 [EC=103.5 (±18.8) W IC=92.0 (±22.0) W C=85.6 (±19.7) W]. These results show that elite indoor rock climbers elicit higher aerobic fitness profile than control subjects when measured with an upper body test.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-04-2011
Abstract: This study analysed cardiopulmonary, metabolic and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses during exercise bouts performed below, at and above the second lactate threshold (LT2) intensity. 10 healthy men performed constant workloads to exhaustion at the first lactate threshold (LT1), LT2 and 25% of the difference between LT2 and maximal aerobic power output (TW(25%)) identified during an incremental test. The time to exhaustion (TE) was 93.8 (18.0), 44.5 (16.0) and 22.8 (10.6) min at LT1, LT2 and TW(25%), respectively (p < 0.001). Metabolic and cardiopulmonary parameters and RPE data were time normalised to the exercise bout duration. The correlation between the slope of these variables and TE was calculated. Differences were found for respiratory exchange ratio (RER), RPE and potassium at LT1 RER, RPE, norepinephrine and potassium at LT2 and ventilation, respiratory rate (RR), RPE, lactate and potassium at TW(25%). Except for RR, no cardiopulmonary or metabolic parameter increased significantly after 50% of the exercise duration, indicating a physiological steady state. VO₂, heart rate and lactate at exhaustion in all exercise bouts were significantly lower than values reached in the maximal incremental test. The slope of most metabolic variables was not correlated to TE in LT1, LT2 and TW(25%), whereas the slope of RPE was significantly correlated to TE (r = -0.72 to -0.84 p < 0.05) for the three exercise intensities. Contrary to traditional suggestions, exercise at LT1, LT2 and TW(25%) intensities is performed and terminated in the presence of an overall physiological steady state.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-06-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2362.2010.02316.X
Abstract: This study examined the effects of acute supramaximal exercise (approximately 115% VO(2max)) on the blood lipid profile for three different carbohydrate (CHO) storage levels (control, low and high). Six male subjects were randomly ided into three different groups: control, low CHO and high CHO. These groups differed in the diet to which the subjects were submitted before each exercise session. The lipid profile [triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, TG/HDL-C ratio and total cholesterol) was determined at rest, immediately after exercise and 1 h after exercise bouts. The time to exhaustion was lower in the low CHO condition compared with the control and high CHO condition (3.59 +/- 0.72 2.91 +/- 0.56 and 4.26 +/- 0.69 min P < 0.05). The energy expenditure (control: 251.1 +/- 56.0 kJ low CHO: 215.2 +/- 28.6 kJ and high CHO: 310.4 +/- 64.9 kJ) was significantly different between the low and high CHO conditions (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the lipid profile for any of the experimental conditions (control, low and high P 0.05). These results indicate that a supramaximal exercise session has no significant effects on lipid metabolism.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-06-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-009-1115-5
Abstract: A reduction in LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol levels are clinically relevant parameters for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, and exercise is often recommended as an intervention. This study aimed to examine the effects of acute, high-intensity exercise ( approximately 90% VO(2max)) and varying carbohydrate levels (control, low and high) on the blood lipid profile. Six male subjects were distributed randomly into exercise groups, based on the carbohydrate diets (control, low and high) to which the subjects were restricted before each exercise session. The lipid profile (triglycerides, VLDL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol) was determined at rest, and immediately and 1 h after exercise bouts. There were no changes in the time exhaustion (8.00 +/- 1.83 7.82 +/- 2.66 and 9.09 +/- 3.51 min) and energy expenditure (496.0 +/- 224.8 411.5 +/- 223.1 and 592.1 +/- 369.9 kJ) parameters with the three varying carbohydrate intake (control, low and high). Glucose and insulin levels did not show time-dependent changes under the different conditions (P > 0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were reduced after the exhaustion and 1 h recovery periods when compared with rest periods only in the control carbohydrate intake group (P < 0.05), although this relation failed when the diet was manipulated. These results indicate that acute, high-intensity exercise with low energy expenditure induces changes in the cholesterol profile, and that influences of carbohydrate level corresponding to these modifications fail when carbohydrate (low and high) intake is manipulated.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-05-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-05-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-009-1329-6
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of low carbohydrate (CHO) availability on heart rate variability (HRV) responses during moderate and severe exercise intensities until exhaustion. Six healthy males (age, 26.5 +/- 6.7 years body mass, 78.4 +/- 7.7 kg body fat %, 11.3 +/- 4.5% V(O)(2)(max) 39.5 +/- 6.6 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) volunteered for this study. All tests were performed in the morning, after 8-12 h overnight fasting, at a moderate intensity corresponding to 50% of the difference between the first (LT(1)) and second (LT(2)) lactate breakpoints and at a severe intensity corresponding to 25% of the difference between the maximal power output and LT(2). Forty-eight hours before each experimental session, the subjects performed a 90-min cycling exercise followed by 5-min rest periods and subsequent 1-min cycling bouts at 125% V(O)(2)(max) (with 1-min rest periods) until exhaustion, in order to deplete muscle glycogen. A diet providing 10% (CHO(low)) or 65% (CHO(control)) of energy as carbohydrates was consumed for the following 2 days until the experimental test. The Poicaré plots (standard deviations 1 and 2: SD1 and SD2, respectively) and spectral autoregressive model (low frequency LF, and high frequency HF) were applied to obtain HRV parameters. The CHO availability had no effect on the HRV parameters or ventilation during moderate-intensity exercise. However, the SD1 and SD2 parameters were significantly higher in CHO(low) than in CHO(control), as taken at exhaustion during the severe-intensity exercise (P < 0.05). The HF and LF frequencies (ms(2)) were also significantly higher in CHO(low) than in CHO(control) (P < 0.05). In addition, ventilation measured at the 5 and 10-min was higher in CHO(low) (62.5 +/- 4.4 and 74.8 +/- 6.5 L min(-1), respectively, P < 0.05) than in CHO(control) (70.0 +/- 3.6 and 79.6 +/- 5.1 L min(-1), respectively P < 0.05) during the severe-intensity exercise. These results suggest that the CHO availability alters the HRV parameters during severe-, but not moderate-, intensity exercise, and this was associated with an increase in ventilation volume.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2016
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 09-2013
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a high- or low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet on performance, aerobic and anaerobic contribution, and metabolic responses during supramaximal exercise. Six physically-active men first performed a cycling exercise bout at 115% maximal oxygen uptake to exhaustion after following their normal diet for 48 h (∼50% of CHO, control test). Seventy-two hours after, participants performed a muscle glycogen depletion exercise protocol, followed by either a high- or low-CHO diet (∼70 and 25% of CHO, respectively) for 48 h, in a random, counterbalanced order. After the assigned diet period (48 h), the supramaximal cycling exercise bout (115% maximal oxygen consumption) to exhaustion was repeated. The low-CHO diet reduced time to exhaustion when compared with both the control and the high-CHO diet (−19 and −32%, respectively, p 0.05). The reduced time to exhaustion following the low-CHO diet was accompanied by a lower total aerobic energy contribution (−39%) compared with the high-CHO diet (p 0.05). However, the aerobic and anaerobic energy contribution at the shortest time to exhaustion (isotime) was similar among conditions (p 0.05). The low-CHO diet was associated with a lower blood lactate concentration (p 0.05), with no effect on the plasma concentration of insulin, glucose and K + (p 0.05). In conclusion, a low-CHO diet reduces both performance and total aerobic energy provision during supramaximal exercise. As peak K + concentration was similar, but time to exhaustion shorter, the low-CHO diet was associated with an earlier attainment of peak plasma K + concentration.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-01-2016
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology
Date: 2015
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 29-04-2010
Abstract: The objective of this study was to propose an alternative method (MAOD(ALT)) to estimate the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) using only one supramaximal exhaustive test. Nine participants performed the following tests: (a) a maximal incremental exercise test, (b) six submaximal constant workload tests, and (c) a supramaximal constant workload test. Traditional MAOD was determined by calculating the difference between predicted O(2) demand and accumulated O(2) uptake during the supramaximal test. MAOD(ALT) was established by summing the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and the O(2) equivalent for energy provided by blood lactate accumulation, both of which were measured during the supramaximal test. There was no significant difference between MAOD (2.82+/-0.45 L) and MAOD(ALT) (2.77+/-0.37 L) (P=0.60). The correlation between MAOD and MAOD(ALT) was also high (r=0.78 P=0.014). These data indicate that the MAOD(ALT) can be used to estimate the MAOD.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 16-05-2012
Abstract: We examined the effects of listening to music on attentional focus, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pacing strategy and performance during a simulated 5-km running race. 15 participants performed 2 controlled trials to establish their best baseline time, followed by 2 counterbalanced experimental trials during which they listened to music during the first (M start) or the last (M finish) 1.5 km. The mean running velocity during the first 1.5 km was significantly higher in M start than in the fastest control condition (p 0.05). The faster first 1.5 m in M start was accompanied by a reduction in associative thoughts compared with the fastest control condition. There were no significant differences in RPE between conditions (p>0.05). These results suggest that listening to music at the beginning of a trial may draw the attentional focus away from internal sensations of fatigue to thoughts about the external environment. However, along with the reduction in associative thoughts and the increase in running velocity while listening to music, the RPE increased linearly and similarly under all conditions, suggesting that the change in velocity throughout the race may be to maintain the same rate of RPE increase.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-03-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8986.2011.01187.X
Abstract: This study determined which peripheral variables would better predict the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and time to exhaustion (TE) during exercise at different intensities. Ten men performed exercises at first lactate threshold (LT1), second lactate threshold (LT2), 50% of the distance from LT1 to LT2 (TT(50%) ), and 25% of the distance from LT2 to maximal power output (TW(25%) ). Lactate, catecholamines, potassium, pH, glucose, V(·)O₂, VE, HR, respiratory rate (RR) and RPE were measured and plotted against the exercise duration for the slope calculation. Glucose, dopamine, and noradrenaline predicted RPE in TT(50%) (88%), LT2 (64%), and TW(25%) (77%), but no variable predicted RPE in LT1. RPE (55%), RPE+HR (86%), and RPE+RR (92% and 55%) predicted TE in LT1, TT(50%) , LT2, and TW(25%) , respectively. At intensities from TT(50%) to TW(25%) , variables associated with brain activity seem to explain most of the RPE slope, and RPE (+HR and+RR) seems to predict the TE.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1139/H10-043
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a short-term low- or high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet consumed after exercise on sympathetic nervous system activity. Twelve healthy males underwent a progressive incremental test a control measurement of plasma catecholamines and heart rate variability (HRV) an exercise protocol to reduce endogenous CHO stores a low- or high-CHO diet (counterbalanced order) consumed for 2 days, beginning immediately after the exercise protocol and a second resting plasma catecholamine and HRV measurement. The exercise and diet protocols and the second round of measurements were performed again after a 1-week washout period. The mean (±SD) values of the standard deviation of R–R intervals were similar between conditions (control, 899.0 ± 146.1 ms low-CHO diet, 876.8 ± 115.8 ms and high-CHO diet, 878.7 ± 127.7 ms). The absolute high- and low-frequency (HF and LF, respectively) densities of the HRV power spectrum were also not different between conditions. However, normalized HF and LF (i.e., relative to the total power spectrum) were lower and higher, respectively, in the low-CHO diet than in the control diet (mean ± SD, 17 ± 9 normalized units (NU) and 83 ± 9 NU vs. 27 ± 11 NU and 73 ± 17 NU, respectively p 0.05). The LF/HF ratio was higher with the low-CHO diet than with the control diet (mean ± SD, 7.2 ± 6.2 and 4.2 ± 3.2, respectively p 0.05). The mean values of plasma catecholamines were not different between diets. These results suggest that the autonomic control of the heart rate was modified after a short-term low-CHO diet, but plasma catecholamine levels were not altered.
No related grants have been discovered for Flávio Pires.