ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0330-7756
Current Organisation
University of Technology Sydney
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Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1001/JAMAINTERNMED.2015.0541
Abstract: Few studies have examined how different proportions of moderate and vigorous physical activity affect health outcomes. To examine whether the proportion of total moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) that is achieved through vigorous activity is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the total amount of MVPA. We performed a prospective cohort study with activity data linked to all-cause mortality data from February 1, 2006, through June 15, 2014, in 204,542 adults aged 45 through 75 years from the 45 and Up population-based cohort study from New South Wales, Australia (mean [SD] follow-up, 6.52 [1.23] years). Associations between different contributions of vigorous activity to total MVPA and mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for total MVPA and sociodemographic and health covariates. Different proportions of total MVPA as vigorous activity. Physical activity was measured with the Active Australia Survey. All-cause mortality during the follow-up period. During 1,444,927 person-years of follow-up, 7435 deaths were registered. Compared with those who reported no MVPA (crude death rate, 8.34%), the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.61-0.71 crude death rate, 4.81%), 0.53 (95% CI, 0.48-0.57 crude death rate, 3.17%), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.43-0.49 crude death rate, 2.64%) for reporting 10 through 149, 150 through 299, and 300 min/wk or more of activity, respectively. Among those who reported any MVPA, the proportion of vigorous activity revealed an inverse dose-response relationship with all-cause mortality: compared with those reporting no vigorous activity (crude death rate, 3.84%) the fully adjusted hazard ratio was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84-0.98 crude death rate, 2.35%) in those who reported some vigorous activity (but <30% of total activity) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81-0.93 crude death rate, 2.08%) among those who reported 30% or more of activity as vigorous. These associations were consistent in men and women, across categories of body mass index and volume of MVPA, and in those with and without existing cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. Among people reporting any activity, there was an inverse dose-response relationship between proportion of vigorous activity and mortality. Our findings suggest that vigorous activities should be endorsed in clinical and public health activity guidelines to maximize the population benefits of physical activity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2010.12.008
Abstract: We examined prospectively whether persons who perceive their objectively measured high walkable environment as low walkable decrease their walking more and gain more weight than those with matched perceptions. Walkability was measured objectively using GIS. Corresponding perceptions were collected using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale from 1027 urban Australian adults. Objective and perceived measures were dichotomized and categories of match and mismatch were created. Overall, walking levels decreased and BMI increased significantly over the four year follow-up period. Those who perceived high walkability, dwelling density or land use mix as low decreased their walking for transport significantly more than those with matched perceptions. Those who perceived high walkability, land use mix or retail density as low increased their BMI significantly more than those with concordant perceptions. These prospective findings corroborate recommendations from previous cross-sectional studies. Interventions to improve negative perceptions of walkability among those living in high walkable areas may be a relevant public health intervention to increase physical activity and support weight maintenance.
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2015
Abstract: Media reporting of published research findings can increase the profile and reach of new scientific findings. Dissemination is an important part of research, and media reporting can catalyze this process. In many areas, including health-related research, policymakers often rely on the media for information and guidance. Furthermore, media reports can influence the scientific community and clinicians. 1 · 2 However, despite the potential beneficial role as a bridge between scientists and the public, misleading information can cause controversy, confusion, and even harm. 3
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-02-2018
Abstract: There is limited evidence on the directionality of the associations of sitting time with physical function. This study examined the longitudinal associations of sitting time with changes in physical function, and physical function with changes in sitting time. Data from 10,027 retirees in the Social, Economic, and Environmental Factor (SEEF) population-based cohort were collected in 2006-20008 and in 2010-2011. Daily sitting time was assessed by a single-item question. Physical function was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Physical Functioning Scale (range 0-100) with participants categorized as: no minor moderate or severe limitation. General linear regression models, adjusted for covariates, were used to assess associations of sitting time with physical function for all participants and in subgroups according to sex, and categories of body mass index, physical activity, and physical function limitations. Each hour of baseline sitting was associated with declines in physical function for women (0.20 units [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.04-0.37]) and those with severe functional limitations (0.65 units [95% CI 0.20-1.12]). Each unit of baseline physical function was associated with declines in sitting time for all participants (0.009 hours/day [95% CI 0.005-0.013]) and for all subgroups. There was limited evidence of a bidirectional association of sitting time with physical function except in women and people with severe functional limitations. Health promotion efforts are needed to address the impact of poor physical function on increases in sitting time which result in further functional declines for these subgroups of the population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJSEM-2019-000596
Abstract: Physical activity recommendations state that for the same energy expenditure, moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) produce similar health benefits. However, few epidemiological studies have tested this hypothesis. We examined whether, compared with moderate, vigorous activity was associated with larger mortality risk reductions. Data from 11 cohorts of the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey, collected from 1994 to 2011 (mean (SD) follow-up, 9.0 (3.6) years). Adults aged ≥30 years reported MVPA and linkage to mortality records. Exposure was the proportion of self-reported weighted MVPA through vigorous activity. Outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Among 64 913 adult respondents (44% men, 56% women, mean (SD) age, 49.8 (13.6) years), there were 5064 deaths from all-causes, 1393 from CVD and 1602 from cancer during 435 743 person-years of follow-up. Compared with those who reported no vigorous physical activity, and holding constant the volume of weighted MVPA, vigorous activity was associated with additional reductions in mortality risk. For all-cause mortality, the adjusted HR was HR=0.84 (95% CI 0.71, 0.99) and HR=0.84 (95% CI 0.76, 0.94) among those who reported between % and %, or ≥30% of their activity as vigorous, respectively. For CVD and cancer mortality, point estimates showed similar beneficial associations yet CIs were wider and crossed unity. Vigorous activities were associated with larger reductions in mortality risk than activities of moderate intensity, but no evidence of dose–response effects was found.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 31-05-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-098833
Abstract: To synthesise the literature on the effects of neighbourhood environmental change through residential relocation on physical activity, walking and travel behaviour. Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO registration number CRD42017077681 ). Electronic databases for peer-reviewed and grey literature were systematically searched to March 2017, followed by forward and backward citation tracking. A study was eligible for inclusion if it (1) measured changes in neighbourhood built environment attributes as a result of residential relocation (either prospectively or retrospectively) (2) included a measure of physical activity, walking, cycling or travel modal change as an outcome (3) was quantitative and (4) included an English abstract or summary. A total of 23 studies was included in the review. Among the eight retrospective longitudinal studies, there was good evidence for the relationship between relocation and walking (consistency score (CS) %). For the 15 prospective longitudinal studies, the evidence for the effects of environmental change/relocation on physical activity or walking was weak to moderate (CS mostly %), even weaker for effects on other outcomes, including physical activity, cycling, public transport use and driving. Results from risk of bias analyses support the robustness of the findings. The results are encouraging for the retrospective longitudinal relocation studies, but weaker evidence exists for the methodologically stronger prospective longitudinal relocation studies. The evidence base is currently limited, and continued longitudinal research should extend the plethora of cross-sectional studies to build higher-quality evidence.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2011.08.021
Abstract: To evaluate the growing literature on the built environment and physical activity/obesity, we conducted a review of review papers. Through a systematic search, we identified 36 reviews that met the inclusion criteria and evaluated these reviews based on key information provided, review methodology, and specificity regarding measurement. We also analyzed research gaps and areas of improvement identified by previous reviews and propose a research agenda. Future studies should develop complex conceptual and statistical models that include moderators and mediators, improve objective and perceived measures of the built environment, and strengthen evidence of causality through better research designs.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2014
Abstract: According to social-cognitive theory (SCT), self-efficacy affects health behavior both directly and indirectly by influencing how in iduals perceive their environment. This study examines whether perceptions of home and school environment mediate the association between self-efficacy and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in adolescent girls. Baseline data from the Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls (NEAT) was used for this study. Grade 8 female students (n = 357) were recruited from 12 secondary schools located in low-income communities in the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia. PA was assessed using accelerometers, and sedentary behavior by self-report and accelerometers. Self-reported measures were used for perceived home and school environment and self-efficacy. Multilevel regression models were calculated to determine if the perceived environment mediated the relationship between self-efficacy with both PA and sedentary behavior. The perceptions of the school and home environment did not mediate the relationship between PA self-efficacy and PA behavior or sedentary behavior. The mediated models were not supported for PA or sedentary behavior. However, other results of this paper may be helpful for future theory development and practice. More research is needed to understand behaviors in unique populations such as this.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-024280
Abstract: To examine (1) the effect of new dock-less bicycle-sharing programmes on change in travel mode and (2) the correlates of change in travel mode. A retrospective natural experimental study. 12 neighbourhoods in Shanghai. 1265 respondents were recruited for a retrospective study in May 2017. Prevalence of cycling before and after launch of dock-less bicycle-sharing programme. The proportion of participants cycling for transport increased from 33.3% prior to the launch of the bicycle-sharing programmes to 48.3% 1 year after the launch (p .001). Being in the age group of 30–49 years (OR 2.28 95% CI 1.30 to 4.00), living within the inner ring of the city (OR 2.27 95% CI 1.22 to 4.26), having dedicated bicycle lanes (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.68) and perceiving riding shared bicycles as fashionable (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.76) were positively associated with adopting cycling for transport. Access to a public transportation stop/station (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99) was inversely correlated with adopting cycling for transport. Dock-less bicycle sharing may promote bicycle use in a metropolitan setting. Findings from this study also highlight the importance of cycling-friendly built environments and cultural norms as facilitators of adopting cycling.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2007.01.020
Abstract: Over the last few years an increasing number of studies investigating the association between the physical environment and physical activity have been published. Many reviews have also summarized this emerging body of research, and such review papers are frequently used by public health policymakers and researchers themselves to inform decision making. This paper systematically appraises methodologic aspects of literature reviews examining the relationship between physical activity and the physical environment published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2005. Eleven reviews and their antecedent source papers were examined. The majority of these reviews omitted between one third and two thirds of the studies that could have been eligible for inclusion at the time they conducted the review. Methodologic information on how the review was conducted was not always provided. Furthermore, in some cases results of a study were reported incorrectly, or physical environmental aspects were conflated with social environmental or cognitive factors. Moreover, when results were reported incorrectly, physical environmental variables were almost always reported as significantly associated with physical activity, when these associations were nonsignificant, or were not assessed as part of the primary study. Users of reviews in this field should be aware that there are significant methodologic variations among them, and that some reviews may include only a s le of the relevant primary studies. However, this is difficult to determine given the frequent incompleteness of review method reporting. Greater standardization in the reporting of review methods may assist with future efforts to summarize studies of the relationship between physical environments and physical activity.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-045818
Abstract: With the growing representation of older adults in the workforce, the health and fitness of older employees are critical to support active ageing policies. This systematic review aimed to characterise and evaluate the effects on physical activity (PA) and fitness outcomes of workplace PA interventions targeting older employees. We searched Medline, PreMedline, PsycInfo, CINAHL and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) for articles published from inception to 17 February 2020. Eligible studies were of any experimental design, included employees aged ≥50 years, had PA as an intervention component and reported PA-related outcomes. Titles and abstracts of 8168 records were screened, and 18 unique interventions were included (3309 participants). Twelve studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Seven interventions targeted multiple risk factors (n=1640), involving screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors, but had a non-specific description of the PA intervention. Four interventions targeted nutrition and PA (n=1127), and seven (n=235) focused only on PA. Interventions overwhelmingly targeted aerobic PA, compared with only four interventions targeting strength and/or balance (n=106). No studies involved screening for falls/injury risk, and only two interventions targeted employees of low socioeconomic status. Computation of effect sizes (ESs) was only possible in a maximum of three RCTs per outcome. ESs were medium for PA behaviour (ES=0.25 95% CI −0.07 to 0.56), muscle strength (ES=0.27, 95% CI −0.26 to 0.80), cardiorespiratory fitness (ES=0.28, 95% CI −22 to 0.78), flexibility (ES=0.50, 95% CI −0.04 to 1.05) and balance (ES=0.74, 95% CI −0.21 to 1.69). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria-rated quality of evidence was ‘low’ due to high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency. The lack of high-quality effective workplace PA interventions contrasts the importance and urgency to improve the health and fitness in this population. Future interventions should incorporate strength and balance training and screening of falls/injury risk in multi risk factors approaches. CRD42018084863. ( www.crd.york.ac.uk rospero/display_record.php?RecordID=84863 ).
Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited
Date: 16-06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-06-2023
Abstract: Despite media and public dialog portraying loneliness as a worsening problem, little is known about how the prevalence of loneliness has changed over time. Our study aims to identify (a) temporal trends in episodic and sustained loneliness (lonely in 1 wave vs consistently lonely in 3 consecutive waves) (b) trends across sociodemographic subgroups by sex, race/ethnicity, birth cohort, education, employment status, marital status, and living alone and (c) longitudinal predictors of loneliness in middle-aged and older Americans (≥50 years). Based on Waves 3 (1996) to 14 (2018) of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 18,841–23,227), we conducted a series of lagged mixed-effects Poisson regression models to assess trends of episodic and sustained loneliness in the overall and sociodemographic subgroup s les (by sex, race/ethnicity, birth cohort, education, employment, relationship, and living alone status). To examine the predictors of episodic and sustained loneliness, we used a multivariate mixed-effects Poisson regression model with all sociodemographic variables entered into the same model. Episodic loneliness prevalence decreased from 20.1% to 15.5% and sustained loneliness from 4.6% to 3.6%. Trends were similar across most subgroups. Males, Caucasians, those born in 1928–1945, with university education, working, married artnered, and those not living alone reported lower episodic and sustained loneliness, although associations with sustained loneliness were stronger. Contrary to common perceptions, loneliness has decreased over 20 years of follow-up in middle-aged and older Americans. Several sociodemographic subgroups have been identified as having a higher risk of loneliness, prompting targeted public health attention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2017
Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited
Date: 16-06-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.4278/AJHP.081104-ARB-269
Abstract: To examine if a mass media c aign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments. Quasi-experimental study. Wheeling, West Virginia. Random s le of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention community, n = 753 in comparison community). Mass media c aign. Self-reported measures were used in before and after telephone surveys for walking and the physical environment. Measures included 11 environmental walkability items, from which two subscales (i.e., usable sidewalks/aesthetics and facilities) were extracted. Multiple linear regression. Overall, walking increased by 2.7 minutes per week (standard deviation [SD] = 231.1, not significant [NS]). When confined to those insufficiently active at baseline (i.e., minutes per day) the minutes walked increased by 92.1 minutes (SD = 152.9, p .001). For the insufficiently active at baseline in the top half of the environmental factor of usable sidewalks, walking increased by 19 minutes more than in the bottom half (NS). For the factor of aesthetics and facilities, people in the more walkable environment increased walking by 87 minutes more than those in the bottom half (p .001). In this community-wide physical activity, intervention changes in walking after the c aign were significantly moderated by some environmental attributes. This contributes to the limited evidence on the impact of the environment in enhancing community physical activity interventions. This finding needs to be replicated in other community interventions with greater environmental variation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-02-2022
Abstract: To identify data availability, gaps, and patterns for population level prevalence of loneliness globally, to summarise prevalence estimates within World Health Organization regions when feasible through meta-analysis, and to examine temporal trends of loneliness in countries where data exist. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus for peer reviewed literature, and Google Scholar and Open Grey for grey literature, supplemented by backward reference searching (to 1 September 2021) Observational studies based on nationally representative s les (n≥292), validated instruments, and prevalence data for 2000-19. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted in the subset of studies with relatively homogeneous research methods by measurement instrument, age group, and WHO region. Prevalence data were available for 113 countries or territories, according to official WHO nomenclature for regions, from 57 studies. Data were available for adolescents (12-17 years) in 77 countries or territories, young adults (18-29 years) in 30 countries, middle aged adults (30-59 years) in 32 countries, and older adults (≥60 years) in 40 countries. Data for all age groups except adolescents were lacking outside of Europe. Overall, 212 estimates for 106 countries from 24 studies were included in meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence of loneliness for adolescents ranged from 9.2% (95% confidence interval 6.8% to 12.4%) in South-East Asia to 14.4% (12.2% to 17.1%) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. For adults, meta-analysis was conducted for the European region only, and a consistent geographical pattern was shown for all adult age groups. The lowest prevalence of loneliness was consistently observed in northern European countries (2.9%, 1.8% to 4.5% for young adults 2.7%, 2.4% to 3.0% for middle aged adults and 5.2%, 4.2% to 6.5% for older adults) and the highest in eastern European countries (7.5%, 5.9% to 9.4% for young adults 9.6%, 7.7% to 12.0% for middle aged adults and 21.3%, 18.7% to 24.2% for older adults). Problematic levels of loneliness are experienced by a substantial proportion of the population in many countries. The substantial difference in data coverage between high income countries (particularly Europe) and low and middle income countries raised an important equity issue. Evidence on the temporal trends of loneliness is insufficient. The findings of this meta-analysis are limited by data scarcity and methodological heterogeneity. Loneliness should be incorporated into general health surveillance with broader geographical and age coverage, using standardised and validated measurement tools. PROSPERO CRD42019131448.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 26-11-2009
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S12160-009-9098-3
Abstract: Objective and self-reported physical environmental attributes have been related to physical activity. We examined the characteristics of adults who are resident in objectively identified high walkable neighborhoods but whose perceptions of neighborhood attributes are not concordant with objective attributes relating to high walkability. Neighborhood built-environment attributes relating to walkability (dwelling density, intersection density, land use mix, and net retail area) were determined objectively, using Geographic Information System databases data on corresponding perceptions of local environment attributes (from the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale) were derived from a self-completion survey of a socially erse s le of 2,650 adults aged 19 to 65. Objective and perceived walkability attributes were categorized using median splits, and correlates of non-concordance were determined using multiple logistic regression models. There was a fair overall agreement between objectively determined walkability and perceived walkability (Kappa = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.31-0.39). Among those resident in objectively assessed high walkable areas (n = 1,063), 32.1% perceived them to be low walkable conversely, 32.7% (n = 1,021) resident in objectively determined low walkability areas perceived them to be high. For residents of objectively determined high walkable areas, the characteristics that differentiated those with perceptions of low walkability (non-concordant perceptions) from those with concordant perceptions of high walkability were: not being university-educated (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06-2.04) having lower household incomes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.09-2.17) being overweight (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.03-2.07) and walking fewer days per week for transport (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.11-2.70). Higher walking times and more positive cognitive variables were noted among participants who lived in a neighborhood with low walkability that was perceived as high compared to those who lived in a high walkable environment that was perceived as low walkable. Adults with lower educational attainment and lower incomes, who were overweight, or who were less physically active for transportation purposes, were more likely to misperceive their high walkable neighborhood as low walkable. There is the potential for physical activity promotion and persuasion strategies to address non-concordant perceptions, especially among those who live in high walkable environments but perceive them to be low and also among those who are socially disadvantaged and are less active. Perceptions of environmental attributes may be more strongly correlated with cognitive antecedents and with behavior than are objective measures.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-014-0273-8
Abstract: Over the last decade, there has been a marked increase in studies about built environments and physical activity. As the number of publications is growing rapidly, literature reviews play an important role in identifying primary studies and in synthesizing their findings. However, many of the reviews of effectiveness in this field demonstrate methodological limitations that might lead to inaccurate portrayals of the evidence. Some literature reviews a priori excluded intervention studies even though they provide the strongest level of evidence. The label 'systematic review' has mostly been used inappropriately. One of the major criteria of a systematic review that is hardly ever met is that the quality of the primary studies needs to be assessed and this should be reflected in the synthesis, presentation and interpretation of results. With few exceptions, 'systematic' reviews about environments and physical activity did not refer to or follow the QUORUM or PRISMA statements. This commentary points out the usefulness of the PRISMA statement to standardize the reporting of methodology of reviews and provides additional guidance to limit sources of bias in them. The findings and recommendations from this article can help in moving forward the synthesis of evidence of effectiveness not only in built environments and physical activity, but also more broadly in exercise science and public health.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 30-08-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-0006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-05-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1093/JN/NXAB393
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-03-2014
Abstract: The Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service® (GHS) was introduced in New South Wales in February 2009. It used mass reach media advertising and direct mail and/or proactive marketing to recruit participants. This article reports on the long-term impact of the c aign on GHS participation from July 2011 to June 2012. A stand-alone population survey collected awareness, knowledge, and behavioral variables before the first advertising phase, ( n = 1,544, August-September 2010), during the advertising period ( n = 1,500, February-March 2011 n = 1,500, June-July 2011 n = 1,500, February 2012), and after the advertising period ( n = 1,500, June-July 2012). GHS usage data ( n = 6,095) were collated during July 2011-June 2012. Unprompted and prompted awareness of GHS mass media significantly increased (0% to 8.0%, p .001 and 14.1% to 43.9%, p .001, respectively) as well as knowledge and perceived effectiveness of the GHS. Those from the lowest three quintiles of socioeconomic disadvantage and respondents who were overweight or obese were significantly more likely to report prompted c aign awareness. The majority (84.4%) of new GHS calls occurred when television advertising was present. Participants who cited mass media as their referral source were significantly more likely to enroll in the intensive coaching program. Mass media c aigns remain an effective method of promoting a telephone-based statewide lifestyle program.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2014
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.12.030
Abstract: To examine prospectively whether higher proportions of vigorous physical activity (VPA), independent of total activity volume, are associated with better outcomes in weight maintenance and physical function. We used three-year longitudinal data (2006/07-2009/10) of adults 45 and older (n=32,087 59.5±9.3years) from New South Wales, Australia. Logistic regression models examined odds of weight gain and functional decline by volume and intensity of physical activity. On average, body weight increased by 0.66kg (SD=5.83, p<0.001) a validated physical function score (MOS-PF) decreased by 4.79 (SD=12.56, p<0.001). There was a 10% reduction in the odds of weight gain for participants who reported 300min/week or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to less than 150min of MVPA. The proportion of MVPA that was vigorous was not associated with weight change. With the physical functioning outcome, there were independent protective effects from volume and intensity of physical activity. Independent of total MVPA, each 1% increase in the proportion of total activity that was vigorous was associated with a 0.3% decrease in the odds of decline in physical function. These prospective findings indicate that VPA per se plays an important role in the prevention of functional decline.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-09-2019
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYZ187
Abstract: Duplicate and salami publication are unethical, but are common practices with substantial consequences for science and society at large. Scientific journals are the ‘gatekeepers’ of the publication process. We investigated journal policies on duplicate and salami publication. In 2018, we performed a content analysis of policies of journals in the disciplines of ‘epidemiology and public health’ and ‘general and internal medicine’. Journal policies were searched, extracted, coded and cross-checked. The associations of disciplinary categories and journal impact factors with journal policies were examined using Poisson regression models with a robust error variance. A total of 209 journals, including 122 in epidemiology and public health and 87 in general and internal medicine, were s led and their policies investigated. Overall, 18% of journals did not have any policies on either practice, 33% only referred to a generic guideline or checklist without explicit mention about either practice, 36% included policies on duplicate publication and only 13% included policies on both duplicate and salami publication. Having explicit journal policies did not differ by journal disciplinary categories (epidemiology and public health vs general and internal medicine) or impact factors. Further analysis of journals with explicit policies found that although duplicate publication is universally discouraged, policies on salami publication are inconsistent and lack specific definitions of inappropriate isions of papers. Gaps exist in journal policies on duplicate and salami publication, characterized by an overall lack of explicit policies, inconsistency and confusion in definitions of bad practices, and lack of clearly defined consequences for non-compliance. Scientific publication and the academic reward systems must evolve to credit good research practice.
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Date: 07-2019
Abstract: Despite the widely publicized health benefits of physical activity, a large proportion of the world's population is insufficiently active or completely inactive. The 2018 edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAGA18) was a mammoth feat that took over 2 years to complete and resulted in a 779-page report in early 2018, followed by the publication of the summary guidelines in the
Location: Germany
Location: Australia
Start Date: 2017
End Date: End date not available
Funder: National Heart Foundation of Australia
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