ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3636-5557
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Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00822.2005
Abstract: We used three techniques of precooling to test the hypothesis that heat strain would be alleviated, muscle temperature (T mu ) would be reduced, and as a result there would be delayed decrements in peak power output (PPO) during exercise in hot, humid conditions. Twelve male team-sport players completed four cycling intermittent sprint protocols (CISP). Each CISP consisted of twenty 2-min periods, each including 10 s of passive rest, 5 s of maximal sprint against a resistance of 7.5% body mass, and 105 s of active recovery. The CISP, preceded by 20 min of no cooling (Control), precooling via an ice vest (Vest), cold water immersion (Water), and ice packs covering the upper legs (Packs), was performed in hot, humid conditions (mean ± SE 33.7 ± 0.3°C, 51.6 ± 2.2% relative humidity) in a randomized order. The rate of heat strain increase during the CISP was faster in Control than Water and Packs ( P 0.01), but it was similar to Vest. Packs and Water blunted the rise of T mu until minute 16 and for the duration of the CISP (40 min), respectively ( P 0.01). Reductions in PPO occurred from minute 32 onward in Control, and an increase in PPO by ∼4% due to Packs was observed (main effect P 0.05). The method of precooling determined the extent to which heat strain was reduced during intermittent sprint cycling, with leg precooling offering the greater ergogenic effect on PPO than either upper body or whole body cooling.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 27-05-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2022-105567
Abstract: Acute respiratory illness (ARill) is common and threatens the health of athletes. ARill in athletes forms a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to non-infective ARill in athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Committee appointed an international consensus group to review ARill in athletes. Key areas of ARill in athletes were originally identified and six subgroups of the IOC Consensus group established to review the following aspects: (1) epidemiology/risk factors for ARill, (2) infective ARill, (3) non-infective ARill, (4) acute asthma/exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and related conditions, (5) effects of ARill on exercise/sports performance, medical complications/return-to-sport (RTS) and (6) acute nasal/laryngeal obstruction presenting as ARill. Following several reviews conducted by subgroups, the sections of the consensus documents were allocated to ‘core’ members for drafting and internal review. An advanced draft of the consensus document was discussed during a meeting of the main consensus core group, and final edits were completed prior to submission of the manuscript. This document (part 2) of this consensus focuses on respiratory conditions causing non-infective ARill in athletes. These include non-inflammatory obstructive nasal, laryngeal, tracheal or bronchial conditions or non-infective inflammatory conditions of the respiratory epithelium that affect the upper and/or lower airways, frequently as a continuum. The following aspects of more common as well as lesser-known non-infective ARill in athletes are reviewed: epidemiology, risk factors, pathology athophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, management, prevention, medical considerations and risks of illness during exercise, effects of illness on exercise/sports performance and RTS guidelines.
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1152/PHYSIOLGENOMICS.00105.2015
Abstract: Despite numerous attempts to discover genetic variants associated with elite athletic performance, injury predisposition, and elite/world-class athletic status, there has been limited progress to date. Past reliance on candidate gene studies predominantly focusing on genotyping a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms or the insertion/deletion variants in small, often heterogeneous cohorts (i.e., made up of athletes of quite different sport specialties) have not generated the kind of results that could offer solid opportunities to bridge the gap between basic research in exercise sciences and deliverables in biomedicine. A retrospective view of genetic association studies with complex disease traits indicates that transition to hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches will be more fruitful. In studies of complex disease, it is well recognized that the magnitude of genetic association is often smaller than initially anticipated, and, as such, large s le sizes are required to identify the gene effects robustly. A symposium was held in Athens and on the Greek island of Santorini from 14–17 May 2015 to review the main findings in exercise genetics and genomics and to explore promising trends and possibilities. The symposium also offered a forum for the development of a position stand (the Santorini Declaration). Among the participants, many were involved in ongoing collaborative studies (e.g., ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE). A consensus emerged among participants that it would be advantageous to bring together all current studies and those recently launched into one new large collaborative initiative, which was subsequently named the Athlome Project Consortium.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-12-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2022-105650
Abstract: This scoping review examines how different levels and types of partial foot utation affect gait and explores how these findings may affect the minimal impairment criteria for wheelchair tennis. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched in February 2021 for terms related to partial foot utation and ambulation. The search was updated in February 2022. All study designs investigating gait-related outcomes in in iduals with partial foot utation were included and independently screened by two reviewers based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. Twenty-nine publications with data from 252 participants with partial foot utation in 25 studies were analysed. Toe utations were associated with minor gait abnormalities, and great toe utations caused loss of push-off in a forward and lateral direction. Metatarsophalangeal utations were associated with loss of stability and decreased gait speed. Ray utations were associated with decreased gait speed and reduced lower extremity range of motion. Transmetatarsal utations and more proximal utations were associated with abnormal gait, substantial loss of power generation across the ankle and impaired mobility. Partial foot utation was associated with various gait changes, depending on the type of utation. Different levels and types of foot utation are likely to affect tennis performance. We recommend including first ray, transmetatarsal, Chopart and Lisfranc utations in the minimum impairment criteria, excluding toe utations (digits two to five), and we are unsure whether to include or exclude great toe, ray (two to five) and metatarsophalangeal utations. The protocol of this scoping review was previously registered at the Open Science Framework Registry ( osf.io/8gh9y ) and published.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 18-11-2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 21-07-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2022-105759
Abstract: Acute illnesses affecting the respiratory tract are common and form a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. Acute respiratory illness (ARill) can broadly be classified as non-infective ARill and acute respiratory infections (ARinf). The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to ARinf in athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Commission appointed an international consensus group to review ARill (non-infective ARill and ARinf) in athletes. Six subgroups of the IOC Consensus group were initially established to review the following key areas of ARill in athletes: (1) epidemiology/risk factors for ARill, (2) ARinf, (3) non-infective ARill including ARill due to environmental exposure, (4) acute asthma and related conditions, (5) effects of ARill on exercise/sports performance, medical complications/return-to-sport and (6) acute nasal/vocal cord dysfunction presenting as ARill. Several systematic and narrative reviews were conducted by IOC consensus subgroups, and these then formed the basis of sections in the consensus documents. Drafting and internal review of sections were allocated to ‘core’ members of the consensus group, and an advanced draft of the consensus document was discussed during a meeting of the main consensus core group in Lausanne, Switzerland on 11 to 12 October 2021. Final edits were completed after the meeting. This consensus document (part 1) focusses on ARinf, which accounts for the majority of ARill in athletes. The first section of this consensus proposes a set of definitions and classifications of ARinf in athletes to standardise future data collection and reporting. The remainder of the consensus paper examines a wide range of clinical considerations related to ARinf in athletes: epidemiology, risk factors, pathology athophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, management, prevention, medical considerations, risks of infection during exercise, effects of infection on exercise/sports performance and return-to-sport guidelines.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.505678
Abstract: Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is unique to in iduals with spinal injuries (SCI) at T6 or above and can be voluntarily induced. Although AD improves wheelchair racing performance in some athletes, it also elicits exaggerated blood pressure, which could be dangerous. The International Paralympic Committee considers AD doping and banned its use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate AD knowledge, incidence and attitudes (KIA) of Paralympians with SCI. An existing questionnaire was modified to include questions of AD KIA, validated by three experts and piloted with a small s le. It was administered on-line, mailed to members of a scientific network and distributed during the Beijing Paralympic Games. Fisher Exact test was used to evaluate differences across gender, injury and education. Of 99 participants, 54.5% had previously heard of AD while 39.4% were unaware 16.7%, all males, had used AD to enhance performance. Participants reported that AD was (1) useful for middle (78.6%) and long distance (71.4%), marathon (64.3%) and wheelchair rugby (64.3%) (2) somewhat dangerous (48.9%), dangerous (21.3%) or very dangerous (25.5%) to health. Results were not influenced by age, injury level or injury duration. Findings indicate the need for educational programmes directed towards enhancing the AD knowledge of rehabilitation professionals, coaches and trainers working with SCI in iduals.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2008
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Nick Webborn.