ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7779-1926
Current Organisation
RMIT University
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Simulation and Modelling | Numerical Computation | Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
Environmental Policy, Legislation and Standards not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Natural Hazards in Urban and Industrial Environments |
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-02-2020
Abstract: This paper presents a computational and experimental study of steady inhalation in a realistic human pharyngeal airway model. To investigate the intricate fluid dynamics inside the pharyngeal airway, the numerical predicted flow patterns are compared with in vitro measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) approach. A structured mesh with 1.4 million cells is used with a laminar constant flow rate of 10 L/min. PIV measurements are taken in three sagittal planes which showed flow acceleration after the pharynx bend with high velocities in the posterior pharyngeal wall. Computed velocity profiles are compared with the measurements which showed generally good agreements with over-predicted velocity distributions on the anterior wall side. Secondary flow patterns on cross-sectional slices in the transverse plane revealed vortices posterior of pharynx and a pair of secondary flow vortexes due to the abrupt cross-sectional area increase. Finally, pressure and flow resistance analysis demonstrate that greatest pressure occurs in the superior half of the airway and maximum in-plane pressure variation is observed at the velo-oropharynx junction, which expects to induce a high tendency of airway collapse during inhalation. This study provides insights of the complex fluid dynamics in human pharyngeal airway and can contribute to a reliable approach to assess the probability of flow-induced airway collapse and improve the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-02-2018
Abstract: Aerosol transport and deposition in human lungs has attracted considerable attention in the past few years, as it has significant value to the study of toxicity consequence as well as therapeutic potential in occupational health and medical applications. In reproducing human tracheobronchial airways, two approaches were frequently taken: (1) anatomical realistic reconstruction through image scans (e.g. CT and MRI) or cadaver casts and (2) mathematical description using simplified models. Strengths and limitations are primarily focused on accuracy, resolution, repeatability, and computational\\physical expenses. While both approaches were reported in literature, detailed comparison of aerosol transport and deposition in the two representations were scarcely performed, largely due to the challenge to acquire comprehensive data from the irregular structured airway replicas (approach 1). To fill the gap, the current study performed a numerical comparison of nanoparticle transport and deposition in human upper tracheobronchial airways by using an anatomical realistic reconstruction (through CT scans) and a mathematically simplified airway model. As the first step, the current study was focused on the variation in breathing airflow pattern and the effect towards fate of the inhaled nanoparticles in human upper tracheobronchial airways. The study provided important information to understand geometric sensitivity of nanoparticle modeling in the human tracheobronchial tree and is of significant value to predict the whole lung uptake of inhaled nanoparticles in the human respiratory system.
Publisher: ASMEDC
Date: 2009
Abstract: Transport and deposition of ellipsoidal fibers in the human upper airways were analyzed using an asymmetric airway bifurcation model. The trachea and the first two generations (G0–G1) of the tracheobronchial tree were included in the study. The focus of the study was on prediction of transport and deposition of fibers and elongated particles. The laryngeal jet at the trachea entrance was modeled as an effective turbulence disturbance, and Reynolds stress transport turbulence model (RST) was used. For accurate modeling of the near wall airflow, the “two-layer zonal model” was used for boundary consideration, and the turbulence normal fluctuation close to wall is further corrected based on the “quadratic variation near wall model” (Tian and Ahmadi 2007). Lagrangian simulation of ellipsoidal fiber transport and deposition was developed where the coupled translational and rotational motions of the fibers were accounted for. The particle equations of motion included the hydrodynamic drag and torque, shear induced lift, gravitational sedimentation, and turbulence diffusion effects. The simulation results showed that the elongated fiber remained aligned with the main flow most of the time. On short duration occasions, the fibers rotated impulsively along their path. The fiber rotational motion was dependent on fiber geometry and the local flow shear. Fiber deposition pattern and deposition rate in the trachea and the first bifurcation were evaluated, and the results were compared with the experiments.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS11050192
Abstract: This paper proposed an optimization method to minimize the building energy consumption and visual discomfort for a passive building in Shanghai, China. A total of 35 design parameters relating to building form, envelope properties, thermostat settings, and green roof configurations were considered. First, the Latin hypercube s ling method (LHSM) was used to generate a set of design s les, and the energy consumption and visual discomfort of the s les were obtained through computer simulation and calculation. Second, four machine learning prediction models, including stepwise linear regression (SLR), back-propagation neural networks (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) models, were developed. It was found that the BPNN model performed the best, with average absolute relative errors of 3.27% and 1.25% for energy consumption and visual comfort, respectively. Third, six optimization algorithms were selected to couple with the BPNN models to find the optimal design solutions. The multi-objective ant lion optimization (MOALO) algorithm was found to be the best algorithm. Finally, optimization with different groups of design variables was conducted by using the MOALO algorithm with the associated outcomes being analyzed. Compared with the reference building, the optimal solutions helped reduce energy consumption up to 34.8% and improved visual discomfort up to 100%.
Publisher: University of Michigan Library
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-02-2019
DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1572900
Abstract: Understanding the inhalation, transport and deposition of smoke particles during fire missions are important to evaluating the health risks for firefighters. In this study, measurements from Underwriters Laboratories' large-scale fire experiments on smoke particle size distribution and concentration in three residential fire scenes were incorporated into models to investigate the fate of inhaled toxic ultrafine particulates in a realistic firefighter nasal cavity model. Deposition equations were developed, and the actual particle dosimetry (in mass, number and surface area) was evaluated. A strong monotonic growth of nasal airway dosages of simulated smoke particles was identified for airflow rates and fire duration across all simulated residential fire scene conditions. Even though the "number" dosage of arsenic in the limited ventilation living room fire was similar to the "number" dosage of chromium in the living room, particle mass and surface area dosages simulated in the limited living room were 90-200 fold higher than that in the ventilated living room. These were also confirmed when comparing the dosimetry in the living room and the kitchen. This phenomenon implied that particles with larger size were the dominant factors in mass and surface area dosages. Firefighters should not remove the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) during fire suppression and overhaul operations, especially in smoldering fires with limited ventilation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-01-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: ASMEDC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1115/FEDSM-ICNMM2010-30601
Abstract: Transport and deposition of inhaled asbestos fibers has been studied in the past few decades due to its pathological response in living being. Of the earlier study, in vitro and vivo experiments in human and animal subjects were conducted and measurements were made where carcinogenicity of these particles was investigated. In this work, the transport and deposition of elongated ellipsoidal fibers were numerically simulated in a physiological realistic multi-level lung model. Detailed motion of the inhaled fibers and their interaction with the surrounding environment were reproduced by solving the system of coupled nonlinear equations governing the fibers’ translational and rotational motion. This information has never been revealed in past studies. Correlations between the deposition pattern, fiber characteristics, breathing conditions, and airway morphology in human upper tracheobronchial airways were analyzed. The results were compared with experimental measurements, and carcinogenicity of these fibers was discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPBIOMED.2022.105676
Abstract: Air conditioning in the nasal airways plays an important role in regulating ambient atmospheric temperature and humidity conditions of the inhaled air. Inevitably, it may alter the behaviour and fate of inhaled ambient aerosols within the human respiratory airways due to hygroscopic growth and droplet evaporation, which is a phenomena of variations in particle sizes due to physical and chemical reactions on particle surfaces in different temperature and humidity fields. Although laboratory animals have been widely used to predict health effects of human exposure to ambient substances, the nasal temperature and humidity responses in animal surrogates and human nasal cavities are still less-investigated. This paper provides a comparative study between two monkey and two human nasal subjects under the same ambient temperature and humidity conditions, where nasal models were reconstructed from CT images and the heat and mass transfer process incorporating with the intricate nose anatomy were modelled by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Present model comparison revealed that the monkey nasal models can reach equilibrium temperature and moisture state for inhaled ambient air in a much shorter distance compared to the human models. This indicate that heat transfer in the monkey models is more effective compared to the human models due to having a higher complexity coefficient and a smaller hydraulic radius. Hence, in order to achieve comparable or similar inhalation exposure patterns in animal surrogates, corresponding adjustments such as changing the size of released particles, or the inhalation flow rates, to achieve comparable particle Stokes number are needed. The outcomes of this study would provide informative insights for future inhalation toxicology studies related to hygroscopic materials and targeted drug delivery through nasal airways.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-12-2022
DOI: 10.1002/CNM.3565
Abstract: As a primary determinant of nasal physiological functions, the nasal morphology and its effects on the airflow dynamics have been extensively studied in literature. However, gross flow features reported in literature are mostly obtained from subjects at similar ages, while studies focusing on nasal subjects with distinct age differences are significantly less. To advance current understandings of nasal airflow dynamics in the context of age ersity, this study employed three anatomically accurate nasal cavity models with distinct age features (5‐, 24‐ and 77‐year‐old models) and numerically compared the physiological nasal airflow fields within these nasal cavity models. To demonstrate the validity of the present numerical models, in vivo rhinomanometry measurement was conducted on the 24‐year‐old female nasal model, and key anatomical features and pressure‐flow curves of all three models were compared with models with similar age features in literature work. Apart from results comparison based on conventional velocity flow fields and wall shear stress distributions, a method for quantifying flow partitions in confined airway spaces was developed to reveal the proportions of fractional flow that enters the olfactory region. Our results revealed dramatic intersubject discrepancies between considered nasal cavity models, especially for the fractional flow that enters the olfactory region. Specifically, the 5‐year‐old girl nasal model received the highest proportion of fractional flow, which accounts for 13.3% ~ 15% of overall inhalation flow rates under different activity levels. For the 24‐year‐old female model, on the contrary, the olfactory fractional flow was dramatically reduced (with a local to overall percentage around 4.3%–7.7%). Finally, for the elderly subject—77‐year‐old male model, minimum level of olfactory flux was observed with a local to overall percentage ranging between 3.1% and 4.9% for considered wide range of inhalation flow rates. Therefore, the local flow intersubject variation can reach nearly fourfold. The vast local flow difference is mainly due to the inherent anatomical features (e.g., immature nasal turbinate structure in the child model, the partial narrowing superior nasal valve in the elder model). The results may further lead to discrepant health effects associated with inhalation exposure to airborne particles.
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Date: 15-07-2018
Abstract: Dispersion and deposition of non-spherical nano- and micro-particles suspended in turbulent flows was studied. Due to the non-spherical morphology, the coupled equations of translational and rotational motions of particles were solved and the corresponding particle trajectories were evaluated. For nano-particles with the scale comparable to the gas mean free path, the Brownian diffusion effects that becomes important was included in both translational and rotational motions. Particular attention was given to the interactions of nano-ellipsoidal particles and fluid motions at different scales. Ex les of nano-ellipsoidal particle dispersion and deposition in ducts and respiratory tracks were presented and discussed. Such information is useful for understanding the transport processes of asbestos and nano-fibers in human airways for inhalation risk assessment studies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-04-2016
Abstract: Welding fume is a complex mixture containing ultra-fine particles in the nanometer range. Rather than being in the form of a singular sphere, due to the high particle concentration, welding fume particles agglomerate into long straight chains, branches, or other forms of compact shapes. Understanding the transport and deposition of these nano-agglomerates in human respiratory systems is of great interest as welding fumes are a known health hazard. The neurotoxin manganese (Mn) is a common element in welding fumes. Particulate Mn, either as soluble salts or oxides, that has deposited on the olfactory mucosa in human nasal airway is transported along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb within the brain. If this Mn is further transported to the basal ganglia of the brain, it could accumulate at the part of the brain that is the focal point of its neurotoxicity. Accounting for various dynamic shape factors due to particle agglomeration, the current computational study is focused on the exposure route, the deposition pattern, and the deposition efficiency of the inhaled welding fume particles in a realistic human nasal cavity. Particular attention is given to the deposition pattern and deposition efficiency of inhaled welding fume agglomerates in the nasal olfactory region. For particles in the nanoscale, molecular diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism. Therefore, Brownian diffusion, hydrodynamic drag, Saffman lift force, and gravitational force are included in the model study. The deposition efficiencies for single spherical particles, two kinds of agglomerates of primary particles, two-dimensional planar and straight chains, are investigated for a range of primary particle sizes and a range of number of primary particles per agglomerate. A small fraction of the inhaled welding fume agglomerates is deposited on the olfactory mucosa, approximately in the range 0.1-1%, and depends on particle size and morphology. The strong size dependence of the deposition in olfactory mucosa on particle size implies that the occupation deposition of welding fume manganese can be expected to vary with welding method.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Date: 26-07-2015
DOI: 10.1115/AJKFLUIDS2015-26336
Abstract: Transport and deposition of micro and nano-particles in the upper tracheobronchial tree were analyzed using a multi-level asymmetric lung bifurcation model. The multi-level lung model is flexible and computationally efficient by fusing sequence of in idual bifurcations with proper boundary conditions. Trachea and the first two generations of the tracheobronchial airway were included in the analysis. In these regions, the airflow is in turbulent regime due to the disturbances induced by the laryngeal jet. Anisotropic Reynolds stress transport turbulence model (RSTM) was used for mean the flow simulation, together with the enhanced two-layer model boundary conditions. Particular attention is given to evaluate the importance of the “quadratic variation of the turbulent fluctuations perpendicular to the wall” on particle deposition in the upper tracheobroncial airways.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5045747
Abstract: Coalescence of drops under externally applied electric field is a significant physical process, which has been applied in many applications such as emulsion breakup, electric dehydration and raindrop formation. The morphological characteristics of two identical adjacent drops under uniform electrical strength were numerically investigated in present study. From the simulated morphologies, the behavior of the meniscus, the major axis, the minor axis, and the cone angle of coalesced drop were analyzed in details. The results indicated that drop coalescence was dependent on the electric field strength, and only below a critical threshold, coalesce occurred. Though variation might occur in lengths of the meniscus, major\\minor axis, and size in cone angles, a steady state can always be reached under which electro-coalescence complete. On the other hand, drops failed to coalesce if they could not reach a steady state, and even the coalesced drop rupture due to oversized electric filed strength. Analysis of coalescence behavior of suspended drop pair in viscous liquid under uniform electric field could further promote our understanding on the physical phenomenon of electro-coalescence and provide insight for the design of the electro-coalescers in practical applications.
Publisher: Intellect
Date: 07-2023
DOI: 10.1386/BTWO_00078_1
Abstract: The twenty-first century has seen the education ecosystem change drastically, with increased digitization of the classroom and more recently the global pandemic. These changes have been entwined with publishers’ own understanding of their role. Based on semi-structured interviews with ten industry professionals, this article aims to understand how primary educational publishers see their role and the future of the industry. The findings reveal a mission-driven sector operating in a complex environment, shaped by government policies and regulations, and the impact of technology, educational research, pedagogy and learning design. To support educators, publishers produce teaching resources and learning materials, interpret government regulation and curricula, research and develop expertise in learning design and pedagogical knowledge, research user and market needs, and provide professional development to educators. Despite these challenges and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the interviewees believed that primary educational publishing would continue to expand, innovate and support the educators of Australia in the future by producing a combination of print and digital resources.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2018
DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1439549
Abstract: Rats have been widely used as surrogates for evaluating the health effects of inhaled airborne particulate matter. To provide a thorough understanding of particle transport and deposition mechanisms in the rat nasal airway, this article presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of particle exposure in a realistic rat nasal passage under a resting flow condition. Particles covering a diameter range from 1 nm to 4 µm were passively released in front of the rat's breathing zone, and the Lagrangian particle tracking approach was used to calculate in idual particle trajectories. Detailed particle deposition analysis shows the deposition of inertial particles >2 µm is high in the rat nasal vestibule and more than 70% of all inhaled inertial particles were trapped in this region. While for diffusive nanoparticles, the vestibule filtration effect is reduced, only less than 60% of inhaled nanoparticles were blocked by the anterior nasal structures. The particle exposure in the olfactory region only shows notable deposition for diffusive nanoparticles, which peaks at 9.4% for 5 nm particles. Despite the olfactory deposition remains at a low level, the ratio between the olfactory and the main passage is kept around 30-40% for 10-800 nm particles, which indicates a particle-size-independent distribution pattern in the main nasal passage and olfactory. This study provides a deep understanding of particles deposition features in a rat nasal passage, and the research findings can aid toxicologist in inter-species exposure-response extrapolation study.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINBIOMECH.2018.12.006
Abstract: Understanding respiratory physiology can aid clinicians in diagnosing the cause of respiratory symptoms or shed light on drug delivery inhaler device optimisation. However, the sheer complexity of the human lung prohibits a full-scale study. In this study, a realistic respiratory airway model including large-to-small conducting airways was built. This airway model consists of subject-specific upper and lower airways, extending from nasal and oral openings to terminal bronchioles (up to the 15th generation). Based on the subject-specific airway model, topological information was extracted and a digital reference model that exhibits strong asymmetry and multi-fractal properties was provided. Inhalation flow rates 18 L/min and 50 L/min were adopted to understand inspiratory conditions subjecting to resting and light exercise inhalation modes. Regional airflow in terms of axial velocity and secondary flow vortices along the lung airway model was extracted. Obvious secondary flow currents were seen in the larynx-trachea segment and left main bronchus, while for the terminal conducting airway in the right lower lobe, the airflow tends to be much smoother with no secondary flow currents. This paper provides insights on respiratory physiology, especially in the lower lung airways, and will be potentially useful for diagnosis of lower airway diseases.
Publisher: ASMEDC
Date: 2010
Abstract: Calcium carbonate is predominantly present in cooling tower’s water and is usually the principal cause of hard water. This paper applies the modeling technique typically used for aerosol deposition to simulate the deposition process of calcium carbonate nano- and micro-particles suspended in turbulent cooling water flows. The mean turbulent velocity field and the fluctuating velocities are determined by the k-ε and RSM turbulence models by simulating the water flow in a typical heat exchanger horizontal tube. Commercial software (ANSYS FLUENT™ 12.1.4) is used for turbulence mean flow modeling and the simulation of turbulence fluctuations is performed by stochastic models. Particle deposition velocities are obtained for the particles with diameters in the range 0.01–50 μm by the k-ε and RSM models and compared to the deposition velocities calculated from semi-empirical correlations to investigate the effect of the turbulence model on the deposition velocity. Results show that the proposed numerical model can predict deposition velocity of micro-particles in water accurately and can be useful in determining the range of particle diameters in which the highest deposition velocity occurs. However, for nano-particles, the model’s results do not agree with the correlations due to the higher lateral turbulence fluctuations calculated by ANSYS FLUENT™ code. The proposed model can be useful for predicting fouling in industrial heat exchangers, for planning operations and cleaning schedules, and proposing efficient filtering processes for lowering deposition rate and cleaning costs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-02-2022
Abstract: Although many parametric studies have been conducted in developing standardized nasal geometry and analysing associated airflow dynamics, most of them are based on symmetrical nasal chambers assumption, while the inter-chamber variations due to the morphological asymmetry of the two nasal chambers are much less investigated. To address this issue, this paper presents an inter-chamber anatomical variability study by developing a shape comparison method to quantify inter-chamber anatomical differences. Then the anatomical deviation is correlated with the flow apportionment and the associated nanoparticle deposition patterns using CFD method. Results show that noticeable inter-chamber difference is observed especially in the inferior and middle passages where most inhaled flow is distributed to. Additionally, the shape of vestibule notch and septum deviation contributes to the discrepancy flow behaviour between two chambers. Consequently, these differences lead to variations in regional nanoparticle deposition, especially for 1 nm particles in the olfactory region, where the inter-chamber differences can reach up to 400%. Our results suggest that the inter-chamber anatomical variation should be considered when developing standardized nasal models.
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Date: 30-07-2017
Abstract: Recent rapid development of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) industry has raised health concerns as these engineered particles have the appearance of asbestos, which is a well-known inhalation hazard. Compared to asbestos, CNTs have similar elongated rod shaped structure, while they are in nano-scale where the particle motion is markedly affected by Brownian diffusion. However, limited studies on Brownian dynamics of CNTs are available in the literature and the details of motions of these elongate ultrafine particles, and in particular, their transport and deposition processes are largely unknown. In this study, multi-scale analysis of transport and deposition of elongated particles in micro and nano-scales were performed. Particular attention was given to the differences and similarities of the physical mechanisms governing the particle/fiber motions at different length scales. The study was focused on revealing the details of the interaction between elongated particles at different scales and the fluid motions. Such information is very useful in understanding the transport processes of asbestos and nano-fibers in human airways for inhalation risk assessment studies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 21-07-2016
DOI: 10.1115/1.4033997
Abstract: Recent rapid development of industrial usage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has raised health concerns as these engineered elongated particles resemble the appearance of asbestos, which is a well-known inhalation hazard. While CNTs have elongated rod shaped structure similar to asbestos, they are nanosized, and therefore, their motions are strongly affected by Brownian diffusion. The available studies in this area are rather limited and details of the nanofiber dynamics along the transport route are largely unknown. In this study, the CNTs were modeled as elongated ellipsoids and their full motions including the coupled translational and rotational movement in the human tracheobronchial first airway bifurcation were analyzed. Particular attention was given to the effects of the slip-correction and Brownian motion, which are critical to the accuracy of the modeling of motions of nanoscale CNTs in free molecular and transition regimes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-03-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1260/1757-482X.4.2.159
Abstract: Transport and deposition of particles in the upper tracheobronchial tree were analyzed using a multi-level asymmetric lung bifurcation model. The first three generations of tracheobronchial tree were included in the study. The laryngeal jet at the trachea entrance was modeled as an effective turbulence disturbance, and the study was focused on how to accurately simulate the airflow and predict the motion of the inhaled particles. Downstream in the lower level of the bronchial region, a laminar flow model was used, as smoother flow condition was expected. Transport and deposition of nano- and micro-scale spherical particles in the range of 0.01 μm to 30 μm were evaluated. The particle local deposition pattern and deposition rate in the lung bifurcation was discussed. The proposed multi-level asymmetric lung bifurcation model was found to be flexible, easy to use and computationally highly efficient. It was also shown that the selection of the anisotropic Reynolds stress transport turbulence model (RSTM) was appropriate, and the use of the enhanced two-layer model boundary treatment was needed for accurate simulation of the turbulent airflow conditions in the upper airways.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-01-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-01-2021
DOI: 10.1002/CNM.3414
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-05-2019
DOI: 10.1002/CNM.3215
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
Start Date: 03-2018
End Date: 12-2023
Amount: $368,446.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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