ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9472-5595
Current Organisations
Bond University
,
Mater Misericordiae Ltd
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Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 10-2012
Abstract: Objectives. We determined the association between availability and quality of school health services and reproductive health outcomes among sexually active students. Methods. We used a 2-stage random s ling cluster design to collect nationally representative data from 9107 students from 96 New Zealand high schools. Students self-reported whether they were sexually active, how often they used condoms or contraception, and their involvement in pregnancy. School administrators completed questionnaires on their school-based health services, including doctor and nursing hours per week, team-based services, and health screening. We conducted analyses using multilevel models controlling for in idual variables, with schools treated as random effects. Results. There was an inverse association between hours of nursing and doctor time and pregnancy involvement among sexually active students, with fewer pregnancies among students in schools with more than 10 hours of nursing and doctor time per 100 students. There was no association between doctor visits, team-based services, health screening, and reproductive health outcomes. Conclusions. School health services are associated with fewer pregnancies among students, but only when the availability of doctor and nursing time exceeds 10 hours per 100 students per week.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-06-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012002820
Abstract: The current research aims to describe the weight-control strategies and family support for young people reporting sustained weight loss in a large, population-based s le. Data were collected as part of Youth'07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well-being of New Zealand youth. New Zealand secondary schools, 2007. Secondary-school students ( n 9107). Among young people who attempted weight loss in the previous year, 51 % reported long-term weight loss (lost weight and maintained weight loss for 6 months). Students reporting long-term weight loss were more likely to be male, but did not differ by age, ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation or measured weight status from students who reported temporary/recent weight loss or no weight loss. Students with long-term weight loss also reported healthier weight-control strategies (e.g. exercising, eating fewer fatty foods, eating fewer sweets), high parental support for healthy eating/activity and were less likely to report being teased about their weight by their family and having junk food available at home than students with temporary/recent weight loss or no weight loss. Approximately 50 % of young people attempting weight loss reported sustained weight loss. Young people who reported sustained weight loss appeared to have more family support than those who did not achieve this, suggesting the importance for weight-control services and interventions in adolescents of actively engaging the family.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-06-2017
Abstract: School-based health services (SBHS) have been shown to improve access to mental health services but the evidence of their effectiveness on students’ mental health is lacking. Our objective was to examine associations between variation in the provision of SBHS and students’ mental health. A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative health and well-being survey of 8500 New Zealand high school students conducted in March–November 2012. Students’ mental health is related to data on school health services obtained from clinic leaders and clinicians from 90 participating high schools. After adjustment for socio-demographic differences in students between schools, increasing levels of services were associated with progressively lower levels of student-reported depressive symptoms (p = 0.002), emotional and behavioural difficulties (p = 0.004) and suicidality (p = 0.008). Services with greater levels of nursing hours (p = 0.02) and those that performed routine, comprehensive psychosocial assessments (p = 0.01) were both associated with lower levels of student-reported depressive symptoms. Greater levels of nursing hours and doctor hours were associated with lower self-reported suicidality among students. Although a causal association between school-based health services and students’ mental health cannot be demonstrated, these findings support the benefit of such services and the need for a cluster randomized trial.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2016.07.012
Abstract: Despite numerous calls to improve training in adolescent health, there is little known about the prevalence or effectiveness of specialized training in adolescent health. A two-stage random s ling cluster design was used to collect nationally representative data from 8,500 students from 91 high schools. Student data were linked to data from a survey of school health clinicians from participating schools on their level of training in youth health. Multilevel models accounting for demographic characteristics of students were used to estimate the association between nurses and physicians training in youth health and health outcomes among students. Almost all nurses and physicians reported some training in youth health, either having attended lectures or study days in youth health (n = 60, 80%) or completed postgraduate papers in youth health (n = 13, 17.3%). Students in schools where the nurses and physicians had received postgraduate training in youth health were less likely than students from schools with clinicians having attended lectures or study days in youth health to report emotional and behavior difficulties (11.8 vs. 12.7, p = .002) and binge drinking (19.6% vs. 24.9%, p = .03). There were no significant associations between depressive symptoms, suicide risk, cigarette, marijuana, contraception use, or motor vehicle risk behaviors among students and level of training among clinicians in their schools' health service. Postgraduate training in youth health among nurses and physicians in school health services is associated with fewer students reporting mental health difficulties and binge alcohol use. These findings support specialized training in youth health for clinicians working predominantly with young people.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2014
Abstract: The most recent New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey 2008/09 (ANS 08/9) revealed a decrease in reported energy intakes (EIs) compared with the previous 1997 National Nutrition Survey (NNS97). Conversely, measured body weights increased over the same period. We conducted an analysis on the ANS 08/9 data sets to evaluate reported EIs. Analysis was conducted on data from 3919 (1715 men and 2204 women aged > or = 15 years) survey participants who completed the 24-h dietary recall in the ANS 08/9. Under-reporting was assessed using the ratio of reported EI to estimated resting metabolic rate (EI:RMRest), and a cutoff limit of <0.9 (EI:RMRest) was used to identify low energy reporters (LERs). Results were examined by gender, body size, age and ethnicity. The mean EI:RMRest (s.e.m.) was 1.34 (0.02) for men, and 1.23 (0.02) for women. Overall, 21% of men and 25% of women were classified as LERs. There was a greater prevalence of LERs among people with overweight (25%), or obesity (30%) than people with normal body weight (16%, P or =65 years) had a greater prevalence of LERs (33%) compared with all other age groups (19-24%, P<0.001). Pacific people had a greater prevalence of LERs (33%) compared with Maori (26%, P=0.007) and European (23%, P<0.001). Compared with the NNS97, a substantial increase in the prevalence of LERs was evident in most subgroups. Under-reporting of EI will continue to be a major limitation of nutrition surveys without technological innovation. Care should be taken when interpreting EI data.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 10-2015
Abstract: Around the world, there have been numerous reports of a leveling of the prevalence of obesity. Given that New Zealand has among the highest rates of child and adult obesity in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the aim of the current study was to document the prevalence of, and recent trends in, overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among adolescents in New Zealand. Data were collected as part of two nationally representative surveys in 2007 and 2012. In both surveys, a nationally representative group of students was selected to participate in the health and well-being surveys from a nationally representative s le of secondary schools. Across the two surveys, more than 17,000 students participated in the survey, which also included measured heights and weights. In 2012, nearly 40% of adolescents in New Zealand were overweight, obese, or severely obese. Between 2007 and 2012, there were no decreases in the prevalence of obesity for the general population or any demographic subgroup. However, the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity for Pacific young people increased significantly. Of note, the prevalence of severe obesity for Pacific young people increased from 9% in 2007 to 14% in 2012. Findings from the current study indicate the need for an urgent investment in obesity prevention, particularly to address the growing inequalities in obesity for Pacific young people.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(03)01079-4
Abstract: To describe the demographic characteristics of adolescent boys and girls who engage in three sedentary behaviors (television/video use, computer use, and reading/homework), and to explore how each sedentary activity is associated with body mass index (BMI), dietary behaviors, and leisure time physical activity. This study draws on data collected from Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), a school-based survey examining personal, behavioral, and socioenvironmental factors that are associated with nutritional intake among adolescents. The study s le consists of 4746 middle and high school students from 31 public schools in a metropolitan area of the upper Midwest. All students were invited to participate. The overall response rate for Project EAT was 81.5%. Data collection was completed during the 1998-1999 school year. Multivariate linear regression was used for examining associations between independent and dependent variables, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. All differences were considered statistically significant at P<.05. Among boys, television/video use and time spent reading/doing homework were positively associated with BMI (P<.05), whereas for girls television/video and computer use were positively associated with BMI (P<.05). High television/video use among boys and girls was associated with more unhealthful dietary behaviors (eg, increased consumption of soft drinks, fried foods, and snacks) (P<.05). In contrast, time spent reading/doing homework was associated with more healthful dietary behaviors (eg, increased consumption of fruits and vegetables) (P<.05). Leisure time physical activity was not associated with television/video use among boys or girls, but was positively associated with computer use and time spent reading/doing homework (P<.05). Applications/Conclusions Messages and advice aimed at reducing time spent in sedentary activities should be targeted at television/video use instead of time spent reading, doing homework, or using a computer. Nutrition education should incorporate messages about the influence of the media and advertising on dietary behaviors.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-09-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-06-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ENE.12488
Abstract: Longitudinal studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) report that a sizeable proportion of MCI cases revert to normal levels of functioning over time. The rate of recovery from MCI indicates that existing MCI diagnostic criteria result in an unacceptably high rate of false positive diagnoses and lack adequate sensitivity and specificity. The aim of the present study was to identify a set of neuropsychological measures able to differentiate between true positive cases of MCI from those who were unimpaired at 11 months' follow-up. A discriminant function analysis identified that a combination of measures of complex sustained attention, semantic memory, working memory, episodic memory and selective attention correctly classified outcome in more than 80% of cases. The rate of false positive diagnoses (5.93%) was considerably lower than is evident in previously published MCI studies. The results of the present study indicate that the rate of false positive MCI diagnoses can be significantly reduced through the use of sensitive and specific neuropsychological measures of memory and non-memory functions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/17477160601127988
Abstract: To describe how nutrition behaviours and physical activity are associated with body mass index (BMI) among New Zealand children and to determine if these relationships vary by ethnicity. Data were collected during the 2002 National Children's Nutrition Survey. 3250 children provided information about their eating and activity behaviours and anthropometric measurements. Approximately 31% of New Zealand children aged 5 to 14 years were overweight/obese, with the highest prevalences of overweight/obesity among Pacific children (62%) and Mäori children (41%). Higher prevalences of obesity were also observed among females and children experiencing socioeconomic deprivation. Television use, buying school food from the dairy/takeaway shops, skipping breakfast, consumption of fruit drinks/soft drinks, and low physical activity were associated with BMI in analyses controlling for demographic characteristics among the total population. Buying school food from the dairy/takeaway (p=0.04) and skipping breakfast (p=0.007) retained significance when all nutrition behaviours and physical activity were analysed simultaneously. Significant interactions between ethnicity and bringing school food from home and buying school food from school were observed in relation to BMI. In most cases, the relationships were most significant for Pacific children. Strategies to address childhood obesity among all New Zealand children should primarily include efforts to increase breakfast consumption and decrease food purchases away from home. Given the high rates of obesity between Pacific and Mäori children, targeted interventions are warranted and should include strategies to improve the school food environment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2019.03.015
Abstract: To assess the feasibility of a family meal intervention to address indicators of parent and adolescent nutrition and well-being and household food security. Nine adolescents and a parent/caregiver were recruited from a youth health clinic. Families were provided with meal plans, recipes, and ingredients for 5 meals weekly for 4 weeks. Participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys and open-ended interviews. Overall, fidelity to the intervention was high among families the frequency of family meals increased by approximately 2 meals/wk. Both parent/caregivers and adolescents reported improvements to nutrition (4 of 9 increased vegetable consumption for both) and most reported improvements to mental well-being. Household food insecurity also reduced during the intervention (means of 8.2 and 0.2 at baseline and follow-up, respectively). Providing families with meal plans, recipes, and ingredients is an acceptable way to increase weekly frequency of family meals. Future research may consider the family meal as a way to engage with families about broader concerns.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-10-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.12427
Abstract: To describe indicators of health and well‐being for N ew Z ealand secondary school students explore changes between 2001, 2007 and 2012 and compare these findings to international estimates. Three national health and well‐being surveys of randomly selected N ew Z ealand secondary school students were conducted. Data are presented as prevalence and variation over time (adjusted odds ratio ( aOR )). Comparisons with international estimates were made with subsets of the data. Between 2001 and 2012, students reported reductions in cigarette use ( aOR 0.27, 95% confidence interval ( CI ) 0.23–0.32), alcohol use ( aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.33–0.46), marijuana use ( aOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.31–0.43), sexual abuse ( aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46–0.58), fighting ( aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55–0.73), seatbelt use ( aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.31–1.65) and risky driving behaviours ( aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.33–0.45). Positive connections to school (perception that the school cares, aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.35 liking school, aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.33–1.82) and family (good family relationship, aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.70–1.97) also improved. Indicators that did not improve and compared poorly with international estimates were protected sex (condom use at last sexual intercourse, aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87) and healthy life‐style (daily physical activity, aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99 overweight/obese, aOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92–1.31). Exposure to family violence ( aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.68) and depressive symptoms ( aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.91–1.17) also did not improve. There have been important improvements in the health and well‐being of N ew Z ealand adolescents over a relatively short period. These findings demonstrate that population rates of adolescent risk behaviours are amenable to change. Current policy efforts should not lose momentum, while identified priority areas must be adequately resourced to ensure young people have opportunities to thrive now and in the future.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-10-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.12428
Abstract: The current study describes the relationships between family meals and family connectedness, parental monitoring and parent–child communication and determines if frequent family meals are associated with better mental well‐being and fewer risktaking behaviours among adolescents. Data were collected as part of Youth'07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well‐being of secondary school students in N ew Z ealand ( n = 9107). Frequent family meals were positively associated with better indicators of family relationships ( P 0.001). Likewise, frequent family meals were significantly associated with higher well‐being scores ( P 0.001), lower depression scores ( P 0.001) and fewer risk‐taking behaviours ( P 0.001), even after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, family connectedness, parental monitoring and parental communication. Our findings suggest that family meals may provide a unique opportunity for building stronger families and young people. Creating environments where frequent family meals are normative, valued and feasible for families may result in benefits for young people that extend beyond good nutrition.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-05-2023
DOI: 10.1177/00178969231178593
Abstract: To assess whether adolescents who appeared in an after-school cooking nutrition programme (Teen Battle Chef) sustained healthful food behaviours in the ensuing years into young adulthood. Interviews involving a short verbal survey assessing six health behaviours coded dichotomously and open-ended questions coded for themes describing how participants did or did not sustain behaviour change. Adults who had previously participated in TBC culinary nutrition programme while in high school discussed whether any lifestyle changes prompted by the programme continued into their adult lives. The 30 young people were interviewed (in-person or by telephone) and the interviews were audio-recorded. Transcripts were made verbatim to allow for NVivo analysis of responses. Thirty 17- to 24-year-olds, 6 months to 7 years after TBC programme, reported current favourable health behaviours. Results were similar for participants and 3+ years post TBC. In interviews, 27 of 30 provided in-depth description of how TBC had changed their behaviours. They described cooking skills learned in TBC that they still practised. Participants discussed specific ways in which peers and family supported them to sustain behaviour change. Even modest findings of short-term evaluations of cooking programmes may be significant if impacts are sustained. More longer-term evaluations are needed to confirm these results.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-05-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015001457
Abstract: To investigate: (i) how lunch frequency of adolescents varies between schools and between classes within schools (ii) the associations between frequency of lunch and in idual sociodemographic factors and school characteristics and (iii) if any observed associations between lunch frequency and school characteristics vary by gender and age groups. Cross-sectional study in which students and school headmasters completed self-administered questionnaires. Associations were estimated by multilevel multivariate logistic regression. The Danish arm of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study 2010. Students ( n 4922) aged 11, 13 and 15 years attending a random s le of seventy-three schools. The school-level and class-level variations in low lunch frequency were small (intraclass correlation coefficient ·1 %). At the in idual level, low lunch frequency was most common among students who were boys, 13- and 15-year-olds, from medium and low family social class, descendants of immigrants, living in a single-parent family and in a reconstructed family. School-level analyses suggested that having access to a canteen at school was associated with low lunch frequency (OR=1·47 95% CI 1·14, 1·89). Likewise not having an adult present during lunch breaks was associated with low lunch frequency (OR=1·44 95% CI 1·18, 1·75). Cross-level interactions suggested that these associations differed by age group. Lunch frequency among Danish students appears to be largely influenced by sociodemographic factors. Additionally, the presence of an adult during lunch breaks promotes frequent lunch consumption while availability of a canteen may discourage frequent lunch consumption. These findings vary between older and younger students.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2000
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 31-01-2014
Abstract: The current study examined the measurement and structural invariance of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) across ratings provided by men ( N = 227) and women ( N = 460). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported full metric invariance and intercepts invariance for 20 of the 21 items. Invariance for all item intercepts was supported by multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) procedure that controlled for the effects of age. Multiple-group CFA supported invariance for all factor variances and covariances. This procedure and the MIMIC analyses found equivalency for all latent mean scores. These findings indicate good support for measurement and structural invariance of the DASS-21 rating across men and women. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2012.12.043
Abstract: To describe the prevalence of severe obesity among New Zealand young people attending secondary school and the associations of severe obesity with health risk behaviors and emotional well-being. A random s le of 9107 secondary school students in New Zealand participated in a 2007 health survey. Participants had their height and weight measured and answered an anonymous survey on multiple aspects of their health and well-being. Overall, 2.5% of students met the International Obesity Task Force definition of severe obesity. Students with severe obesity had more weight-related concerns, were more likely to have used unhealthy weight control strategies, and were more likely to experience bullying compared with healthy weight students. For ex le, students with severe obesity were 1.7 times more likely to have been bullied at school (95% CI 1.2-2.7) and 1.9 times more likely to vomit for weight loss (95% CI 1.1-3.3) than were healthy weight students. Indicators of emotional well-being and most health risk behaviors were similar among young people with severe obesity and a healthy weight. Clinicians who work with young people with severe obesity should prioritize discussing issues of bullying and healthy weight control strategies with families and their children.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2023
DOI: 10.1177/15598276231159064
Abstract: The current research describes the indicators of good nutrition among staff working in a hospital setting and determines if dietary indicators are associated with work-related burnout. In total, 501 staff of a large healthcare organization in SouthEast Queensland, Australia completed a health and wellbeing survey. Multiple regression models were constructed to describe the associations between dietary indicators and burnout, while controlling for age, gender, work role and level of employment. Among the total s le of healthcare workers, indicators of healthy eating were poor. Fewer than 40% reported their overall diet as very good and fewer than 15% of healthcare workers reported eating the recommended 5 or more servings of vegetables per day. There was an inverse relationship between good nutrition and burnout, across a range of indicators (including rating of overall diet, fruit and vegetable consumption and sharing meals with family), such that healthier eating indicators were associate with less burnout. Given that rates of both poor nutrition and burnout among healthcare professionals are high, findings from the current study suggest that efforts to promote better nutrition among healthcare workers are warranted. Future research may evaluate if improving the nutrition of healthcare workers has a positive impact on work-related burnout.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-03-2011
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 23-11-2017
Abstract: To determine if secondary school students in New Zealand who report greater health concerns (e.g. significant depressive symptoms) are more likely to use the Internet to access health-related information. A nationally representative health and wellbeing survey was undertaken in 2012 (n = 8500). Multiple regression models were used to examine the associations between students’ use of the Internet to access health-related information and selected outcomes or indicators. Over 90% of students used the Internet on a daily basis, with 15.4% of students reporting that they had used the Internet to access health-related information. Students experiencing household poverty were more likely to report not using the Internet daily (17.4% compared to 4.2%). Odds ratios (ORs) for accessing the Internet for this sort of information were highest for students who reported self-harm [OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–3.3], disordered eating (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.4–3.2), or a suicide attempt (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9–3.3). Our findings suggest that Internet-based health interventions may be a viable way to reach young people with high health needs, but consideration needs to be given to those with limited Internet access.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1123/JPAH.7.3.323
Abstract: Research in adults shows poor agreement between self-reported and objectively measured proximity to physical activity resources however there is little such research in adolescents. This study assessed the level of agreement between self-reported and objective measures of distance to physical activity resources in adolescents and whether perceived or actual distance was related to actual use and physical activity levels. 110 New Zealand high school students (12−18 years) were asked the time (in minutes) it would take them to walk from their home to the nearest physical activity resource, and whether they had used it in the previous month. The distance from participants’ homes to the nearest resource was measured using GIS. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometers. Agreement was poor, with weighted Kappa Indices ranging from 0.1 to 0.4. The facilities used most frequently were schools (90%), public parks (76%), and playing fields (74%). Closer location was associated with higher use of some facilities only. Moderate-to-vigorous activity levels were not associated with self-reported or measured distance. Agreement between perceived and measured access is poor among adolescents. Further research is needed to understand how in idual and social factors interact with environmental factors and whether improving awareness improves use.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 06-2012
Abstract: Body dissatisfaction has been extensively studied but, recently, the importance of body satisfaction and its attributing factors has received significant recognition. Also, there is an increasing awareness of the need for research examining body dissatisfaction and satisfaction in youth other than North American females. Thus, the current research examined the prevalence of, and the in idual, social, and familial factors associated with, body-weight satisfaction among New Zealand male and female adolescents (n=9107). Data were analysed from Youth ’07, a nationally representative survey of New Zealand secondary school students. Overall, half of students were happy with their weight, with significantly more males than females reporting body-weight satisfaction. Students happiest with their weight were most likely to report healthy and supportive social and family environments, as well as higher levels of well-being. These findings are consistent with a growing body of research that suggests creating positive peer and family environments may lead to better developmental outcomes, such as body satisfaction, and also higher levels of well-being.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-04-2014
DOI: 10.1017/BRIMP.2014.2
Abstract: There is compelling evidence that traditional methods used to address the detrimental impacts of missing data are inadequate. Despite this, researchers have been slow to utilise newer statistical approaches known to be more effective. The aim of the current article is to offer a conceptual explanation of the rationale for using newer missing data techniques, with a focus on multiple imputation (MI). To illustrate the relative efficacy of deletion, single imputation and multiple imputation techniques in the clinical setting, 20 cases were selected randomly from a population study investigating the cognitive sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and 8 out of 20 cases had scores on one variable deleted to simulate a missing data set. Comparing the parameter estimates obtained by each technique to the known parameters of the complete data set revealed that MI outperformed deletion and single imputation approaches. It is therefore recommended that more sophisticated techniques such as MI should be considered in clinical research.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADA.2007.01.010
Abstract: The evidence supporting the relationship between breakfast consumption and body weight is growing, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship are less understood. This study aims to describe the relationship between breakfast consumption and body mass index (BMI) and relevant nutrition behaviors. Cross-section design using the New Zealand's 2002 National Children's Nutrition Survey. Participants were interviewed about their food habits and physical activity, completed a food frequency questionnaire, and were weighed and measured for height. A nationally representative s le of 3,275 children aged 5 to 14 years. Breakfast consumption, BMI, and nutrition behaviors. The demographic characteristics of children by breakfast consumption were generated by cross-tabulations. Regression models were used to examine the relationships between breakfast consumption and BMI and nutrition behaviors. Breakfast consumption was most frequent among boys, children aged 5 to 6 years, children aged 7 to 10 years, New Zealand European children, and children from more affluent neighborhoods. Age differences in breakfast consumption increased with socioeconomic deprivation older children experiencing the most socioeconomic deprivation were the least likely to eat breakfast. Skipping breakfast was associated with a higher BMI (P=0.002). Children who missed breakfast were significantly less likely to meet recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption (P=0.005) and more likely to be frequent consumers of unhealthy snack foods. No relationship was found between breakfast consumption and physical activity. Results from our study suggest that efforts to increase breakfast consumption should be prioritized for older children from more deprived backgrounds. Increasing at home breakfast consumption may limit the amount of unhealthful snack foods children consume later in the day. Schools also have the potential to make a reasonable nutritional impact by providing healthful and affordable breakfast options for children who do not eat breakfast at home.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.3109/17477160903568439
Abstract: The objectives of the current study are: to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity among New Zealand adolescents and to describe the demographic characteristics, including neighbourhood deprivation, associated with overweight/obesity. Data for the current study were collected as part of Youth'07, a national survey of the health and well-being of 9 107 New Zealand secondary school students (approximate ages 13 to 17 years). Students answered a comprehensive, multimedia survey about their health and wellbeing and were weighed and measured for height. Small area deprivation was measured by the New Zealand Deprivation Index, based on the student's residential address. One in ten adolescents was obese and an additional 24% were overweight. Body size was significantly associated with small area deprivation (p<0.001) and ethnicity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the association between socioeconomic deprivation and body mass index (BMI) was moderated by ethnicity (p=0.035 for interaction term.) A positive association between BMI and socioeconomic deprivation was observed for Pacific students, Māori students and European students, but not for Asian students and students of other ethnicities. Our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among New Zealand adolescents, particularly for Pacific Island adolescents, Māori adolescents, and those living in areas of high deprivation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 28-11-2014
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514003602
Abstract: Preliminary research has suggested that wearable cameras may reduce under-reporting of energy intake (EI) in self-reported dietary assessment. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of a wearable camera-assisted 24 h dietary recall against the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed over 15 d using the DLW protocol among forty adults ( n 20 males, age 35 ( sd 17) years, BMI 27 ( sd 4) kg/m 2 and n 20 females, age 28 ( sd 7) years, BMI 22 ( sd 2) kg/m 2 ). EI was assessed using three multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls (MP24) on days 2–4, 8–10 and 13–15. On the days before each nutrition assessment, participants wore an automated wearable camera (SenseCam (SC)) in free-living conditions. The wearable camera images were viewed by the participants following the completion of the dietary recall, and their changes in self-reported intakes were recorded (MP24+SC). TEE and EI assessed by the MP24 and MP24+SC methods were compared. Among men, the MP24 and MP24+SC measures underestimated TEE by 17 and 9 %, respectively ( P 0·001 and P = 0·02). Among women, these measures underestimated TEE by 13 and 7 %, respectively ( P 0·001 and P = 0·004). The assistance of the wearable camera (MP24+SC) reduced the magnitude of under-reporting by 8 % for men and 6 % for women compared with the MP24 alone ( P 0·001 and P 0·001). The increase in EI was predominantly from the addition of 265 unreported foods (often snacks) as revealed by the participants during the image review. Wearable cameras enhance the accuracy of self-report by providing passive and objective information regarding dietary intake. High-definition image sensors and increased imaging frequency may improve the accuracy further.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-12-2014
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.958842
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if sexual minority students in supportive school environments experienced fewer depressive symptoms and lower rates of suicide ideation, plans and attempts ("suicidality") than sexual minority students in less supportive school environments. In 2007, a nationally representative s le (N = 9,056) of students from 96 high schools in New Zealand used Internet tablets to complete a health and well-being survey that included questions on sexual attractions, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Students reported their experience of supportive environments at school and gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) bullying, and these items were aggregated to the school level. Teachers (n = 2,901) from participating schools completed questionnaires on aspects of school climate, which included how supportive their schools were toward sexual minority students. Multilevel models were used to estimate school effects on depressive symptoms and suicidality controlling for background characteristics of students. Sexual minority students were more likely to report higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidality than their opposite-sex attracted peers (p < .001). Teacher reports of more supportive school environments for GLBT students were associated with fewer depressive symptoms among male sexual minority students (p = .006) but not for female sexual minority students (p = .09). Likewise in schools where students reported a more supportive school environment, male sexual minority students reported fewer depressive symptoms (p = .006) and less suicidality (p < .001) than in schools where students reported less favorable school climates. These results suggest that schools play an important role in providing safe and supportive environments for male sexual minority students.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-09-2016
Abstract: In the present study, we examined the effect of working while seated, while standing, or while walking on measures of short-term memory, working memory, selective and sustained attention, and information-processing speed. The advent of computer-based technology has revolutionized the adult workplace, such that average adult full-time employees spend the majority of their working day seated. Prolonged sitting is associated with increasing obesity and chronic health conditions in children and adults. One possible intervention to reduce the negative health impacts of the modern office environment involves modifying the workplace to increase incidental activity and exercise during the workday. Although modifications, such as sit-stand desks, have been shown to improve physiological function, there is mixed information regarding the impact of such office modification on in idual cognitive performance and thereby the efficiency of the work environment. In a fully counterbalanced randomized control trial, we assessed the cognitive performance of 45 undergraduate students for up to a 1-hr period in each condition. The results indicate that there is no significant change in the measures used to assess cognitive performance associated with working while seated, while standing, or while walking at low intensity. These results indicate that cognitive performance is not degraded with short-term use of alternate workstations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 25-06-2010
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980010001898
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and healthy and less healthy eating behaviours among adolescents and to determine whether the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and dietary behaviours was related to the relevant attitudes and environments. Data were collected as part of Youth’07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well-being of New Zealand youth. New Zealand secondary schools, 2007. A total of 9107 secondary-school students in New Zealand. Students from more deprived areas perceived more supportive school environments and cared as much about healthy eating as students in more affluent areas. However, these students were significantly more likely to report consuming fast food, soft drinks and chocolates. Addressing area-level socio-economic disparities in healthy eating requires addressing the availability, affordability and marketing of unhealthy snack foods, particularly in economically deprived areas.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/HC13011
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Perceived lack of confidential health care is an important barrier for young people accessing health care services in New Zealand (NZ). AIM: To determine the prevalence of forgone health care among a nationally representative s le of NZ secondary school students and to describe the health concerns and specific health issues for which young people had difficulty accessing health care. METHODS: Random s le of 9107 NZ secondary school students participated in a 2007 health survey using internet tablets. Questions about access to health care included whether there had been a time when they had not accessed health care when needed, reasons for difficulty in accessing health care, current health concerns and health risk behaviours. RESULTS: One in six students (17%) had not seen a doctor or nurse when needed in the last 12 months. Female Maori and Pacific students and those living in neighbourhoods with high levels of deprivation were more likely to report forgone health care. Students with chronic health problems, those engaging in health risk behaviours or experiencing symptoms of depression were more likely to report being unable to access health care when needed. Students reporting privacy concerns were more likely to report difficulty accessing health care for sensitive health issues, such as sexual health, emotional problems, pregnancy-related issues, stopping cigarette smoking, or alcohol or drug use. DISCUSSION: NZ secondary school students who forgo health care are at increased risk of physical and mental health problems and in need of accessible and confidential health services. KEYWORDS: Access to health care adolescent health services general practice preventive health services
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-12-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ENE.12333
Abstract: Previous research examining mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has highlighted the heterogeneity of outcome in MCI sufferers. MCI is associated with greater risk of progression to dementia however, a substantial proportion of those identified with MCI have alternative outcomes including recovery to unimpaired status. This heterogeneity may in part reflect insufficient sensitivity and specificity in identifying subclinical memory impairment. The present study examined learning in a s le of 109 adults aged 61-91 years with persistent amnestic MCI, persistent non-amnestic MCI, recovered MCI and healthy controls. At the final assessment point, learning for words recalled across each trial of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was examined for each group. It was found that persistent amnestic MCI participants displayed significantly lower learning compared with recovered MCI and healthy control groups. The results of this study indicated that poor learning across trials may be a defining feature of persistent amnestic MCI. Further research is required to establish the predictive utility of within trial list learning performance to identify in iduals with persistent and progressive variants of MCI.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1037/NEU0000270
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PSYG.12042
Abstract: Research suggests that working memory and attention deficits may be present in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the functional status of these domains within revised MCI subtypes remains unclear, particularly because previous studies have examined these cognitive domains with the same tests that were used to classify MCI subtypes. The aim of this study was to examine working memory and attention function in MCI subtypes on a battery of neuropsychological tests that were distinct from those used to classify MCI subtypes A total of 122 adults aged 60-90 years were classified at baseline as amnestic MCI, non-amnestic MCI, and multi-domain amnestic (a-MCI+). The attentional and working memory capacity of participants was examined using a battery of tests distinct from those used to classify MCI at screening. The a-MCI+ group demonstrated the poorest performance on all working memory tasks and specific sub-processes of attention. The non-amnestic MCI group had lowered performance on visual span and complex sustained attention only. There was no evidence of either attentional or working memory impairment in the amnestic MCI participants. When MCI cohorts are assessed on measures distinct from those used at classification, a-MCI+ subjects had the most compromised working memory and attention function. These results support previous findings that suggest a-MCI+ more closely resembles early stage Alzheimer's disease and those with a-MCI+ may be at increased rate of future cognitive decline compared to those with other MCI subtypes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2003
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2003.221
Abstract: The recent unexpected increases in the prevalence of obesity in the United States are widely agreed to be the result of changes in environmental conditions. This paper reviews the available data from erse sources on environmental factors and obesity. Coverage includes descriptive data on temporal trends in the environment, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of the association between environmental exposures and body weight, and experimental trials that have related environmental factors thought to be potentially important in influencing energy intake and expenditure and body weight. Over the period covered by the "obesity epidemic," a variety of environmental factors have changed dramatically. Some would seem to favor increased body weight (e.g., increased availability of convenience foods and increased use of automobiles and televised entertainment), and others would seem to favor decreased body weight (e.g., a lower-fat food supply and the increased availability of some forms of physical activity). Definitive conclusions about the relative contributions of energy intake and expenditure to increasing body weight or about the contribution of specific environmental exposures to increasing body weight are far from clear. Increased sophistication in methods for making valid inferences from existing environmental data would be helpful. Even more important, given the urgency of the problem, is experimental research on the question of what environmental changes would be necessary to reverse the obesity epidemic.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S13668-018-0239-9
Abstract: The purpose of this review was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) related to dietary salt intake among adults in high-income countries. Overall (n = 24 studies across 12 countries), KAB related to dietary salt intake are low. While consumers are aware of the health implications of a high salt intake, fundamental knowledge regarding recommended dietary intake, primary food sources, and the relationship between salt and sodium is lacking. Salt added during cooking was more common than adding salt to food at the table. Many participants were confused by nutrition information panels, but food purchasing behaviours were positively influenced by front of package labelling. Greater emphasis of in idual KAB is required from future sodium reduction programmes with specific initiatives focusing on consumer education and awareness raising. By doing so, consumers will be adequately informed and empowered to make healthier food choices and reduce in idual sodium intake.
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 09-2011
Abstract: Objectives. We sought to determine the association between school- and neighborhood-level characteristics and physical activity among young people. Methods. We collected the data as part of Youth’07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well-being of high school students in New Zealand. In total, 9107 students from 96 schools participated (63% response rate). Students answered questions about their schools (e.g., support for physical activity) and neighborhoods (e.g., community cohesion, disintegration, safety, and recreational facilities). We created school-level measures by aggregating the students’ reports within their schools and we created neighborhood-level measures by aggregating the students’ reports of their neighborhoods to the census area unit of their residential address. We conducted analyses by using cross-classified random-effects models controlling for in idual variables, with school and neighborhoods treated as random effects. Results. Schools characterized by high sports team participation and neighborhoods characterized by high social connections were positively associated with student physical activity. We observed few other significant characteristics of school and neighborhood environments. Conclusions. Our findings highlight that opportunity for sports participation and strong social connections in neighborhoods are particularly important for youths’ physical activity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13708
Abstract: With the increase in popularity of energy drinks come multiple concerns about the associated health indicators of young people. The current study aims to describe the frequency of consumption of energy drinks in a nationally representative s le of adolescents and to explore the relationship between energy drink consumption and health risk behaviours, body size and mental health. Data were collected as part of Youth'12, a nationally representative survey of high school students in New Zealand (2012). In total, 8500 students answered a comprehensive questionnaire about their health and well-being, including multiple measures of mental well-being, and were weighed and measured for height. More than one-third (35%) of young people consumed energy drinks in the past week, and 12% consumed energy drinks four or more times in the past week. Energy drink consumption was significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms, greater emotional difficulties and lower general subjective well-being. Frequent energy drink consumption was also associated with binge drinking, smoking, engagement in unsafe sex, violent behaviours, risky motor vehicle use and disordered eating behaviours. There was no association between consumption of energy drinks and student body size. Consumption of energy drinks is associated with a range of health risk behaviours for young people. Strategies to limit consumption of energy drinks by young people are warranted.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-03-2022
Abstract: The current study describes food-purchasing behaviours of healthcare staff, determines whether purchasing food at work is associated with overall indicators of healthy eating, and explores opportunities for improving the hospital food environment. A secondary analysis of a health and wellbeing survey of healthcare workers (n = 501) in Queensland, Australia. Multiple regression models describe the associations between food purchases and indicators of healthy eating, while controlling for age, gender and work role. More than 60% of staff purchased food/drinks at work in the past week, and this was inversely associated with indicators of healthy eating. For ex le, among those purchasing food/drinks at work on most days, only 18% reported their overall diet as excellent or very good, compared to 50% of those who do not purchase food/drink at work (odds ratio [OR] = 0.24 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.12,0.48] in adjusted models). Staff feedback prioritised strategies to make healthy meals more accessible and affordable. Improvements to the retail food environment in hospitals could have a positive impact on the overall nutritional wellbeing of staff.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-10-2016
Abstract: Background. The current article explores the associations between home gardening and dietary behaviors, physical activity, mental health, and social relationships among secondary school students in New Zealand. Method. Data were drawn from a national youth health and well-being survey, conducted in 2012. In total, 8,500 randomly selected students from 91 randomly selected secondary schools completed the survey. Results. Two thirds of students had a vegetable garden at home and one quarter of all students participated in home gardening. Students participating in gardening were most likely to be male, of a Pacific Island ethnicity, of younger age, and living in a rural area. Gardening was positively associated with healthy dietary habits among students, such as greater fruit and vegetable consumption. Gardening was also positively associated with physical activity and improved mental health and well-being. Students who participate in gardening report slightly lower levels of depressive symptoms and enhanced emotional well-being and experience higher family connection than students who do not participate in gardening. Conclusions. Gardening may make a difference for health and nutrition behaviors and may contribute to adolescents’ health and well-being in a positive manner. Health promoters should be encouraged to include gardening in future interventions for young people.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2015.11.022
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of school gardens on student eating behaviors, physical activity and BMI in New Zealand secondary schools. The current study also aimed to determine if school gardens could buffer the association between household poverty and adolescent BMI. Data were drawn from a national study of the health and wellbeing of New Zealand secondary school students (n=8500) conducted in 2012. Multilevel regression models were used to determine the association between school gardens (school-level) and student nutrition behaviors, physical activity and measured BMI (student-level). Approximately half of secondary schools had a fruit/vegetable garden for students to participate in. School gardens were associated with lower student BMI (p=0.01) and lower prevalence of overweight (p<0.01). School gardens appear to have a positive impact on student health. Future research may explore how school gardens are implemented to better understand their impact and to extend the benefits beyond the school community.
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 08-2002
DOI: 10.2337/DIACARE.25.8.1289
Abstract: OBJECTIVE—This study examines the prevalence of specific weight control practices/disordered eating behaviors and associations with sociodemographic characteristics, BMI and weight perceptions, family functioning, and metabolic control among adolescent females and males with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study population included 70 adolescent females and 73 adolescent males with type 1 diabetes who completed the AHEAD (Assessing Health and Eating among Adolescents with Diabetes) survey. Data on BMI and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were drawn from medical records. RESULTS—Unhealthy weight control practices were reported by 37.9% of the females and by 15.9% of the males. Among the females, 10.3% reported skipping insulin and 7.4% reported taking less insulin to control their weight. Only one male reported doing either of these behaviors. Weight control/disordered eating behaviors were not associated with age, parental level of education, family structure, or race/ethnicity. Higher levels of weight dissatisfaction tended to be associated with unhealthy weight control/disordered eating associations with BMI were inconsistent. Family cohesion was negatively associated with disordered eating among females (r = −0.52 P & 0.001) and males (r = −0.41 P & 0.001), but correlations with other measures of family environment (control, independence, and responsibility for diabetes management) were not significant. Correlations between disordered eating and HbA1c levels were significant among females (r = 0.33 P & 0.01) and males (r = 0.26 P & 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—Special attention is needed for youth with weight concerns and those from less cohesive families to assist in the development of healthy diabetes management behaviors.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00455-X
Abstract: The purpose was to examine the sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents who read magazine articles about dieting/weight loss and the relationship between reading these types of magazine articles and psychosocial well-being and weight control behaviors. Dieting-related magazine exposure was associated with indicators of psychosocial distress and unhealthy dieting interventions that address media consumption should reach out to all youth regardless of ethnic and social backgrounds
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-11-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2013
Abstract: The SenseCam is a camera worn on a lanyard around the neck that automatically captures point-of-view images in response to movement, heat and light (every 20-30 s). This device may enhance the accuracy of self-reported dietary intake by assisting participants' recall of food and beverage consumption. It was the objective of this study to evaluate if the wearable camera, SenseCam, can enhance the 24-h dietary recall by providing visual prompts to improve recall of food and beverage consumption. Thirteen volunteer adults in Oxford, United Kingdom, were recruited. Participants wore the SenseCam for 2 days while continuing their usual daily activities. On day 3, participants' diets were assessed using an interviewer-administered 24-h recall. SenseCam images were then shown to the participants and any additional dietary information that participants provided after viewing the images was recorded. Energy and macronutrient intakes were compared between the 24-h recall and 24-h recall+SenseCam. Data from 10 participants were included in the final analysis (8 males and 2 females), mean age 33 ± 11 years, mean BMI 25.9 ± 5.1 kg/m(2). Viewing the SenseCam images increased self-reported energy intake by approximately 1432 ± 1564 kJ or 12.5% compared with the 24-h recall alone (P=0.02). The increase was predominantly due to reporting of 41 additional foods (241 vs 282 total foods) across a range of food groups. Eight changes in portion size were made, which resulted in a negligible change to energy intake. Wearable cameras are promising method to enhance the accuracy of self-reported dietary assessment methods.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610212000695
Abstract: Background: Subjective memory complaints are a requirement in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as they are thought to indicate a decline in objective memory performance. However, recent research suggests that the relationship between subjective memory complaint and objective memory impairment is less clear. Thus, it is possible that many people without subjective memory complaints who develop Alzheimer's disease are precluded from a diagnosis of MCI. Methods: The present study examined the relationship between subjective memory complaint assessed using the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) and objective memory impairment assessed using standard neuropsychological measures in cases of amnestic MCI ( n = 48), non-amnestic MCI ( n = 27), and unimpaired healthy participants ( n = 64). Results: Correlational and regression analyses indicated that subjective memory complaints displayed a poor relationship with objective memory performance. A subsequent discriminant function analysis indicated that subjective memory complaints failed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MCI and resulted in increased rates of false negative and false positive diagnoses. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that a diagnostic criterion of subjective memory complaint reduces the accuracy of MCI diagnosis, resulting in an elevated rate of false positive and false negative diagnoses. The results of this study in conjunction with recent research indicate that a criterion of subjective memory complaint should be discarded from emerging diagnostic criteria for MCI.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2012.04.010
Abstract: To examine the relationship between family meals and nutrition behaviors of adolescents. Secondary analysis of Youth'07, a nationally representative survey. Secondary schools in New Zealand. Randomly selected adolescents (aged 13-17 years, n = 9,107) completed a multimedia and anonymous survey about their health. Body mass index and eating behaviors. Multiple logistic regression equations were used to determine the associations between family meals and body size and dietary behaviors, controlling for demographic variables. Nearly 60% of young people shared a meal with their families 5 or more times in the previous week. Frequent family meals were associated with greater consumption of fruits and vegetables (P < .001), and breakfast (P < .001). Adolescents who frequently shared family meals were also more likely to report that what they ate in the past week was healthy than adolescents who did not (P < .001). There was no relationship between frequency of family meals and body mass index (P = .60). Data from the current study suggest that family meals cannot be used as a single strategy for obesity prevention, but they may provide an important opportunity for young people to consume healthy food.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2016.07.001
Abstract: The current study tested the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention that provided families with meal plans, recipes, and ingredients to cook meals at home. Ten erse families (1 adolescent, 1 parent) were provided with the resources to prepare 5 family dinners/wk for 8 weeks. Process data were collected by weekly telephone calls. Outcome data were collected by open-ended interviews with parent or caregiver and adolescents, separately. Most of the meals provided were prepared (86%) and a high proportion of meals prepared were eaten together by families (96%). Both parents and adolescents reported that the intervention was acceptable, particularly the opportunity to try new foods. Families reported multiple benefits to participation, including eating healthier, feeling better, and having improved relationships. Providing families with resources for home cooking appears to be an acceptable and well-enjoyed intervention. Further research measuring the health and social impacts of this intervention is warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.NLM.2014.01.013
Abstract: Cognitive decline is a major factor in lowering the quality of life in older populations, and contributes substantially to social, economic, and health costs. As humans age, cognitive function decreases differentially, and in idual differences in cognitive ageing are likely attributed to a range of causes, including environmental and genetic influences. The current study included 360 participants (240 females and 120 males) aged between 50 and 79years from the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphisms were examined for their association with visual and auditory episodic memory performance. The polymorphisms were also investigated for their association with reported life-long engagement in complex cognitive activity using a retrospective questionnaire. Relative to the demographic variables, the gene variations were found to have no association with episodic memory performance, with the exception of the COMT polymorphism on a single measure of auditory memory (RAVLT). Several other studies also demonstrated that these polymorphisms have no, small, or inconsistent effects on memory function. The BDNF Val66Met and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms were also found to be of little significance to active engagement in complex cognitive activity throughout most of the lifespan. An association was detected between BDNF Val66Met and engagement in cognitive activity in early life (p=.04, d=.23), however this did not reach significance when adjusted for multiple comparisons. The biological mechanisms that underlie engagement in cognitive activity are elusive, thus the potential relationship between BDNF Val66Met genotype and early life cognitive engagement warrants further investigation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-10-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1754.2012.02587.X
Abstract: The study aims to describe the prevalence of weight loss behaviours and weight-related concerns among a nationally representative s le of adolescents in New Zealand. Data for this study were collected as part of Youth'07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well-being of 9107 secondary school students in New Zealand. More than one third of males and 65% of females tried to lose weight in the past year. Approximately 10% of males and 29% of females reported using at least one of the unhealthy weight control behaviours in the past year (fasted, skipped meals, smoked, vomited, diet pills). Among females and males, using unhealthy weight control behaviours was most prevalent among those who were older, overweight and lived in high-deprivation areas. Unhealthy weight control behaviours among New Zealand adolescents are common and warrant future research and discussion to understand why so many young people use unhealthy weight loss strategies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2000
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1155/2013/437013
Abstract: Previous studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been criticised for using the same battery of neuropsychological tests during classification and longitudinal followup. The key concern is that there is a potential circularity when the same tests are used to identify MCI and then subsequently monitor change in function over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the evidence of this potential circularity problem. The present study assessed the memory function of 72 MCI participants and 50 healthy controls using an alternate battery of visual and verbal episodic memory tests 9 months following initial comprehensive screening assessment and MCI classification. In iduals who were classified as multiple-domain amnestic MCI (a-MCI+) at screening show a significantly reduced performance in visual and verbal memory function at followup using a completely different battery of valid and reliable tests. Consistent with their initial classification, those identified as nonamnestic MCI (na-MCI) or control at screening demonstrated the highest performance across the memory tasks. The results of the present study indicate that persistent memory deficits remain evident in amnestic MCI subgroups using alternate memory tests, suggesting that the concerns regarding potential circularity of logic may be overstated in MCI research.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-02-2014
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2014.890699
Abstract: Epidemiological research exploring risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia resulted in the identification of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) profile. Subsequently, distinct subtypes of MCI have been proposed however, the validity of these as diagnostic entities remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to examine the longitudinal neuropsychological profiles of MCI subtypes. A total of 118 adults aged 60-90 years were classified at screening as amnestic (a-MCI), nonamnestic (na-MCI), and multiple-domain amnestic (a-MCI+) and were assessed at two time points across 20 months on a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery. The a-MCI+ group displayed the poorest performance of all groups in terms of episodic memory, working memory, attention, and executive functioning. These findings suggest that the a-MCI+ subtype is the only variant that is recognizable via neuropsychological testing. In contrast, the differentiation between single-domain subtypes and healthy controls is difficult and may not be achievable through current neuropsychological assessment practices.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 10-08-2016
Abstract: Learning how to cook is an important skill for developing healthy eating behaviors. Moreover, involvement in home cooking may offer young people opportunities for skill building, identity development and social engagement with their families. Recently, there have been concerns that the current generation of young people may not have the opportunities to develop sufficient cooking skills. These concerns have been addressed by the initiation of numerous, localized interventions. Yet, little is known about where the current generation of young people learn cooking skills. The objective of this study was to describe where the current generation of young people report learning to cook, drawing on nationally representative data from New Zealand. Data were collected as part of Youth2012, a nationally representative survey of secondary school students (n=8500) in New Zealand. Almost all students reported learning to cook and from multiple sources. Almost all students reported learning to cook from a family member (mother, father, or other family member), approximately 60% of students reported that they learned to cook from certain media (cookbooks, TV, or the Internet) and half of all students reported learning to cook at school. There were numerous differences in where students learned to cook by socio-demographic characteristics. Findings from the current research highlight the important role that families play in teaching young people to cook and will be useful for those working with young people to develop these skills.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1995
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-04-2016
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1037/NEU0000249
Abstract: Increasing an in idual's level of cognitive reserve (CR) has been suggested as a nonpharmacological approach to reducing the risk for Alzheimer's disease. We examined changes in CR in older adults participating over 4 years in the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project. A s le of 459 healthy older adults between 50 and 79 years of age underwent a comprehensive annual assessment of current CR, neuropsychological function, and psychosocial factors over a 4-year period. The intervention group of 359 older adults (M = 59.61 years, SD = 6.67) having completed a minimum of 12 months part-time university study were compared against a control reference group of 100 adults (M = 62.49 years, SD = 6.24) who did not engage in further education. Growth mixture modeling demonstrated that 44.3% of the control s le showed no change in CR, whereas 92.5% of the further education participants displayed a significant linear increase in CR over the 4 years of the study. These results indicate that older adults engaging in high-level mental stimulation display an increase in CR over a 4-year period. Increasing mental activity in older adulthood may be a viable strategy to improve cognitive function and offset cognitive decline associated with normal aging. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13524
Abstract: To examine the associations between diet and mental health indicators in adolescents. Data were drawn from the Youth 2012 survey, a national survey of the health and well-being of adolescents in New Zealand (n = 8500). Multiple regression models were used to determine the associations between healthy and unhealthy eating and mental health indicators while adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, small area deprivation and household poverty as covariates. Approximately 30% of young people in the lowest quartile for healthy eating reported significant depressive symptoms. Greater healthy eating was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms, better well-being and fewer emotional difficulties (all P < 0.001 after adjusting for covariates). Greater unhealthy eating was significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms, poorer well-being and greater emotional difficulties (all P < 0.001 after adjusting for covariates). Findings from this study contribute to a growing body of literature that indicate that eating behaviours are associated with mental health indicators among adolescents. Findings from the current study suggest that efforts to enhance healthy eating may also have a positive impact on mental health.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.05.019
Abstract: Research investigating the influence of the environmental and social factors on eating behaviours in free-living settings is limited. This study investigates the utility of using wearable camera images to assess the context of eating episodes. Adult participants (N = 40) wore a SenseCam wearable camera for 4 days (including 1 familiarisation day) over a 15-day period in free-living conditions, and had their diet assessed using three image-assisted multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recalls. The images of participants' eating episodes were analysed and annotated according to their environmental and social contexts including eating location, external environment (indoor/outdoor), physical position, social interaction, and viewing media screens. Data for 107 days were used, with a total of 742 eating episodes considered for annotation. Twenty nine per cent (214/742) of the episodes could not be categorised due to absent images (12%, n = 85), dark/blurry images (8%, n = 58), camera not worn (7%, n = 54) and for mixed reasons (2%, n = 17). Most eating episodes were at home (59%) and indoors (91%). Meals at food retailers were 24.8 minutes longer (95% CI: 13.4 to 36.2) and were higher in energy (mean difference = 1196 kJ 95% CI: 242, 2149) than at home. Most episodes were seated at tables (27%) or sofas (26%), but eating standing (19%) or at desks (18%) were common. Social interaction was evident for 45% of episodes and media screens were viewed during 55% of episodes. Meals at home watching television were 3.1 minutes longer (95% CI: -0.6 to 6.7) and higher in energy intake than when no screen was viewed (543 kJ 95% CI: -32 to 1120). The environmental and social context that surrounds eating and dietary behaviours can be assessed using wearable camera images.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-02-2016
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1137557
Abstract: There is evidence that the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is detrimental to cognitive function, but results from traumatic brain injury (TBI) populations are mixed. A possible explanation is that APOEe2 carriers have routinely been incorporated into APOEe4 and non-e4 groups, despite APOEe2 being proposed to have an ameliorative effect. Our primary aim was to investigate the influence of APOEe4 on cognitive impairment during early recovery following TBI, excluding the potential confound of APOEe2 possession. A secondary objective was to explore whether APOEe4 displays more pronounced effects in moderate to severe TBI and to consider the potential postinjury protective influence of the APOEe2 allele. Participants who recently sustained a TBI (posttraumatic amnesia > 5 minutes) were assessed on measures of information processing speed, executive function, and working memory upon remission of posttraumatic amnesia. APOE genotype was determined by buccal saliva DNA extraction (APOEe4 n = 37, APOEe3 n = 92, APOEe2 n = 13). Stepwise multiple regressions were performed to compare APOEe4 carriers to APOEe3 homozygotes, with injury severity, age, and estimated premorbid IQ included in the first step. This model was found to significantly predict performance on all tasks, accounting for 17.3-24.3% of the variance. When APOEe4 status was added for the second step, there were no significant changes on any tasks (additional variance <1%). The effect of APOEe4 in moderate to severe TBI and the effect of APOEe2 were explored by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with no significant effects revealed. It is unlikely that APOE genotype influences cognitive function in the initial recovery period following TBI, regardless of injury severity. However, a more nuanced and long-term exploration of the effect of APOE genotype in the TBI population is warranted.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2010.06.020
Abstract: Many schools engage in health promotion, health interventions, and services aimed at improving the health and well-being outcomes for students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of schools on student health risk-taking behaviors and depressive symptoms. A nationally representative s le (n = 9,056) of students from 96 secondary schools completed a health and well-being survey using Internet Tablets that included questions on school climate, health risk-taking behaviors, and mental health. Teachers (n = 2,901) and school administrators (n = 91) completed questionnaires on aspects of the school climate which included teacher well-being and burnout, the staff work environment, health and welfare services for students, and school organizational support for student health and well-being. Multilevel models were used to estimate school effects on the health risk-taking behaviors and depression symptoms among students. Schools where students reported a more positive school climate had fewer students with alcohol use problems, and fewer students engaging in violence and risky motor vehicle behaviors. Schools where teachers reported better health and welfare services for students had fewer students engaging in unsafe sexual health behaviors. Schools where teachers reported higher levels of well-being had fewer students reporting significant levels of depressive symptoms. More positive school climates and better school health and welfare services are associated with fewer health risk-taking behaviors among students. However, the overall school effects were modest, especially for cigarette use and suicidal behaviors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2014.09.015
Abstract: Images captured during eating episodes provide objective information to assist in the assessment of dietary intake. Images are captured using handheld devices or wearable cameras, and can support traditional self-report or provide the primary record of dietary intake. A erse range of image-assisted methods have been developed and evaluated but have not been previously examined together. Therefore, a review was undertaken to examine all studies that have evaluated or validated image-assisted methods of dietary assessment for assessing dietary energy intake. Identified image-assisted methods that employ similar methodologies were grouped for comparison. English-language full-text research articles published between January 1998 and November 2013 were searched using five electronic databases. A search of reference lists and associated websites was also conducted. Thirteen studies that evaluated 10 unique image-assisted methods among adults aged 18 to 70 years were included. Ten studies used handheld devices and three studies used wearable cameras. Eight studies evaluated image-based food records, two studies explored the use of images to enhance written food records, and three studies evaluated image-assisted 24-hour dietary recalls. Results indicate images enhance self-report by revealing unreported foods and identify misreporting errors not captured by traditional methods alone. Moreover, when used as the primary record of dietary intake, images can provide valid estimates of energy intake. However, image-assisted methods that rely on image analysis can be prone to underestimation if users do not capture images of satisfactory quality before all foods are consumed. Further validation studies using criterion measures are warranted. The validity among children, adolescents, and elderly persons as well as the feasibility of using image-assisted methods in large s les needs to be examined. Additional research is also needed to better understand the potential applications and pitfalls of wearable cameras.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2015.08.016
Abstract: To determine the relationship between cooking and selected indicators of diet quality, mental well-being, and family relationships. Data were collected as part of Youth'12, a nationally representative health and well-being survey. Secondary schools in New Zealand. A total of 8,500 students. Cooking ability and frequency of cooking, nutritional behaviors, mental well-being, depressive symptoms, and family connections. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between cooking ability/frequency and indicators of health and well-being, controlling for the sociodemographic characteristics of students. Approximately 80% of students reported that they can cook a meal from basic ingredients either fairly or very easily. Reported cooking ability was positively associated with better nutritional indicators, better mental health indicators, and stronger family connections (P = .01). For ex le, adolescents reporting the greatest cooking abilities were approximately twice as likely to meet the recommendations for fruits and vegetables (odds ratio, 2.1 95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.8). Likewise, adolescents reporting the greatest cooking abilities also reported lower levels of depressive symptoms (P < .01) and greater mental well-being (P < .01) than those with less cooking ability. However, greater cooking ability was also associated with higher body mass index (P < .01). Overall, similar statistically significant relationships were observed with frequency of cooking, although not for young people who cook most days. Learning to cook and having the opportunity to cook may provide a unique means for adolescents to develop life skills and contribute positively to their families. Future research examining the relationships between cooking and health may include measures beyond nutrition, such as social relationships and emotional well-being.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2013.02.012
Abstract: The association between neighbourhood social capital and in idual health and wellbeing has been explored mainly by focussing on adult outcomes. This study explores the relationship between neighbourhood social capital and adolescent subjective wellbeing, and its interaction with adolescents' socioeconomic status. Data was taken from a random s le of 9107 students who participated in a nationally representative health survey of high school students in New Zealand in 2007. Students' wellbeing was measured by questions on general mood, life satisfaction and WHO-5 Wellbeing Index. Neighbourhood social capital was assessed according to five indicators: neighbourhood social cohesion, facilities, physical disintegration, membership in community organisations, and residential stability. All neighbourhood measures were created based on students' responses aggregated to the neighbourhood level. Neighbourhood was defined as a Census Area Unit, with a median population of 2000 people. Analyses included only neighbourhoods with more than 10 students, and were conducted using cross-classified random intercept multilevel models controlling for students' age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, with both schools and neighbourhoods treated as random effects. A total of 5567 students within 262 neighbourhoods were considered in the analysis. Students living in neighbourhoods characterised by higher levels of social cohesion and membership in community organisations reported higher levels of wellbeing. The association between student self-reported wellbeing and neighbourhood membership in community organisations varied according to the in idual socioeconomic status of students. Neighbourhood membership in community organisations showed a stronger protective effect for students who were more socioeconomically deprived.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-06-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.2006.TB00086.X
Abstract: To describe how the prevalences of nutrition and physical activity behaviours vary by ethnicity, while controlling for other socio-demographic characteristics, and to identify appropriate points of intervention for defined ethnic populations of New Zealand children. Secondary data analysis of the 2002 National Children's Nutrition Survey. Few ethnic differences were significant for fruit and vegetable consumption and indicators of physical activity. Where ethnic differences in physical activity were significant, Mäori children and Pacific children were more active than New Zealand European/Other (NZEO) children. Pacific children and, Mäori children were significantly more likely to skip meals than NZEO children. Pacific children and Mäori children were significantly more likely to buy some/most of the food they consumed at school from the tuckshop or dairy while NZEO children were more likely to bring their school food only from home. Likewise, Pacific children and Mäori children were significantly more likely to be high consumers of some fatty and sugary foods than NZEO children. Meal skipping and purchasing food away from home were common for Mäori children and Pacific children school-based programs that aim to improve access to and subsidise the price of healthy foods, including breakfast, could greatly benefit Mäori and Pacific students. Efforts to improve fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity should be more universally applied and made culturally appropriate for all children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-10-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-11-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-06-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019001149
Abstract: To describe the body size and weight, and the nutrition and activity behaviours of sexual and gender minority (SGM) students and compare them with those of exclusively opposite-sex-attracted cisgender students. Male and female SGM students were also compared. Data were from a nationally representative health survey. Secondary schools in New Zealand, 2012. A total of 7769 students, 9 % were SGM in iduals. Overall, weight-control behaviours, poor nutrition and inactivity were common and, in many cases, more so for SGM students. Specifically, male SGM students (adjusted OR 95 % CI) were significantly more likely to have tried to lose weight (1·95 1·47, 2·59), engage in unhealthy weight control (2·17 1·48, 3·19), consume fast food/takeaways (2·89 2·01, 4·15) and be physically inactive (2·54 1·65, 3·92), and were less likely to participate in a school sports team (0·57 0·44, 0·75), compared with other males. Female SGM students (adjusted OR 95 % CI) were significantly more likely to engage in unhealthy weight control (1·58 1·20, 2·08), be overweight or obese (1·24 1·01, 1·53) and consume fast food/takeaways (2·19 1·59, 3·03), and were less likely to participate in a school sports team (0·62 0·50, 0·76), compared with other females. Generally, female SGM students were more negatively affected than comparable males, except they were less likely to consume fast food/takeaways frequently (adjusted OR 95 % CI: 0·62 0·40, 0·96). SGM students reported increased weight-control behaviours, poor nutrition and inactivity. Professionals, including public health nutritionists, must recognize and help to address the challenges facing sexual and gender minorities.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2011.12.020
Abstract: Private and confidential health care is an important indicator of the quality of health care for adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of health care utilization and private and confidential health care among a nationally representative population of high school students. A two-stage cluster s le of 9,107 students (grades 8-12, response rate 73%) from 96 New Zealand high schools (response rate 84%) participated in a 2007 health survey using Internet tablets. Questions included when and where they had accessed health care, if their health care provider had explained that their health care was confidential, and if they had been seen in private by their health care provider. Although 83% of students had accessed health care in the previous 12 months, only 27% of students reported receiving private and confidential health care. Students who had accessed health care from a school-based health center (adjusted relative risk [95% confidence interval] 1.54 [1.42-1.66]) or family planning/sexual health clinics (adjusted relative risk = 2.1 [1.9-2.26]) were more likely to report receiving private and confidential health care compared with students who had not accessed health care from these settings. While most young people access health care from their family doctor or general practitioner's clinic, rates of private and confidential health care were low suggesting that opportunities to adequately explore and respond to important yet sensitive topics are compromised in primary care settings.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2022.08.008
Abstract: Intuitive eating interventions aim to improve in idual health and promote sustainable changes to one's relationship with food. However, there is no evidence-based consensus on the impact of intuitive eating interventions on diet quality. This systematic review aimed to investigate intuitive eating interventions and their impact on diet quality. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched to October 2021 for studies reporting interventions that encompassed the principles of intuitive eating and measured diet quality. Other health outcomes were used for secondary analysis. Findings were synthesized narratively. Seventeen papers reporting 14 intervention studies (n = 3,960) were included in the review. All studies found a positive or neutral effect on diet quality following an intuitive eating intervention. A favorable change in eating behavior following these interventions was also observed. Intuitive eating promotes an attunement to the body, which aids in improving diet quality because of increased awareness of physiological cues. The reduction of emotional and binge eating may also increase diet quality. Findings from the current review suggest that intuitive eating interventions are most effective face-to-face, in a group setting, and sustained for at least 3 months.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-03-2021
DOI: 10.1177/15248399211003545
Abstract: Family meals provide a unique opportunity for families to eat well and engage positively with each other. In response to the challenges presented by the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, a new initiative to support health care staff to share healthy meals with their families was developed. At a hospital in Queensland, Australia, dietetic staff collaborated with the on-site food service retailer to develop and offer a range of hot meals that staff could take home for their families at the end of their day. The meals were nutritious, reasonably priced, and designed to feed a family of four. The dietetic staff worked with the hospital marketing department and staff health and wellness program to promote the initiative. Over the 3 months that it has been running, nearly 300 meals have been purchased. Anecdotal comments from the food service retailer highlighted that the initiative was a good thing to do for staff to maintain a positive reputation of the business. The staff evening meal initiative is a healthy, affordable, educational, and socially engaging alternative to takeaway meals and food delivery by app, and it is mutually beneficial for health care staff and the on-site food retailer. The initiative also offers a unique opportunity for promoting nutrition and social engagement during stressful times.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1754.2010.01945.X
Abstract: To describe the changes in the health and well-being of secondary school students from 2001 to 2007. A total of 9107 secondary school students were randomly selected to participate in a comprehensive health and well-being survey using Internet tablets conducted in 2007. Comparisons are made with the first health and well-being survey conducted in 2001. Students from 2007 reported good relationships with their families, people in their schools and neighbourhoods. Compared with the 2001 survey, students surveyed in 2007 were more likely to report positive mental health, better nutritional habits and higher levels of physical activity, and were less likely to report using tobacco and marijuana than students in 2001. In addition, the proportion of students who reported significant depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours had decreased since 2001. However, concerning proportions of students in 2007 reported: binge drinking, experience of physical and sexual abuse, and witnessing violence in their homes. While students' health and well-being have significantly improved from 2001 to 2007, there remain significant areas of concern.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2014
Abstract: To examine the relationship between diet quality and mental health in an ethnically erse adolescent population in New Zealand. Cross-sectional, population-based study design. Data were available at baseline for 4249 students. Responses from self-reported dietary questionnaires were used to assess diet quality healthy eating and unhealthy eating were assessed as two separate scales. Mental health was assessed by the emotional subscale of the PedsQL instrument. Eating a healthy diet was significantly associated with better emotional health (P<0.001) and eating an unhealthy diet was significantly associated with greater emotional distress (P<0.001), after controlling for age, ethnicity and gender. The healthy and unhealthy eating scales were independently related to mental health scores. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature that diet quality is associated with mental health in adolescents. Further research is warranted to determine whether improvements to the diets of adolescents can have meaningful improvements to mental well-being.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2006
DOI: 10.1079/PHN2005899
Abstract: To explore how time spent watching television (TV) is associated with the dietary behaviours of New Zealand children and young adolescents. Secondary data analysis of a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. In homes or schools of New Zealand school students. In total, 3275 children aged 5 to 14 years. The odds of being overweight or obese increased with duration of TV viewing for children and adolescents when controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status and physical activity. Children and adolescents who watched the most TV were significantly more likely to be higher consumers of foods most commonly advertised on TV: soft drinks and fruit drinks, some sweets and snacks, and some fast foods. Both children and adolescents watching two or more hours of TV a day were more than twice as likely to drink soft drinks five times a week or more ( P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively), eat hamburgers at least once a week (both P = 0.02), and eat French fries at least once a week (both P 0.01). These findings suggest that longer duration of TV watching (thus, more frequent exposure to advertising) influences the frequency of consumption of soft drinks, some sweets and snacks, and some fast foods among children and young adolescents. Efforts to curtail the amount of time children spend watching TV may result in better dietary habits and weight control for children and adolescents. Future studies examining the impact of advertising on children's diets through interventions and international comparisons of legislation would provide more definitive evidence of the role of advertising in child and adolescent obesity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2006.04.009
Abstract: The current study describes motivations for physical activity and relationships between recreational facilities and physical activity among a nationally representative s le of New Zealand youth. Our findings suggest that physical activity interventions should address both the social (opportunities for social engagement) and physical (access to recreational facilities) environments of adolescents.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-02-2020
Abstract: Evidence of the benefits of culinary nutrition education is growing in the literature. Culinary nutrition education programs are naturally experiential, social, skills-based, and effective in improving nutrition-related beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors. In this article, we explore a set of motivational experiences in culinary nutrition education that have been identified as “drivers” of behavior change. These drivers emerged from 20 years of implementation and evaluation of hands-on cooking programs across the life span in more than 30 states within the United States. From these drivers, we developed a framework to guide both new and existing programs that can be best designed to motivate behavior change. These frameworks add value to the work of culinary nutrition educators and will inform and support future culinary nutrition education programs. In future research, health educators implementing skills-based health promotion programs in erse settings can test the application of this framework to determine its relevance in broader areas.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.14196
Abstract: To explore secular trends of adolescent weight control concerns and behaviours, between 2007 and 2012, and determine if these vary by body size. Data were drawn from two nationally representative youth health surveys, Youth'07 and Youth'12. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine differences in the prevalence of weight control behaviours and concerns between the two time points, controlling for socio-demographic variables. Between 2007 and 2012, both boys and girls were significantly more likely to report concerns about their weight, though the prevalence of trying to lose weight increased for boys, but not girls. Trends in weight control behaviours varied by body size for boys and girls. Perhaps the most striking findings were the increases in proportions of underweight girls and healthy weight boys who were trying to lose weight. The current study highlights the growing concerns that young people are experiencing in relation to weight control. Given the persistently high rates of adolescent obesity in New Zealand and globally, greater support for young people with regards to healthy eating and weight management is warranted.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 11-2015
Abstract: Objective: The current study describes a feasibility study of an experiential cooking program for alternative education students. The aims were to identify potential areas for measuring impact (beyond nutrition) and to identify issues threatening the feasibility and evaluation of the program. Materials and methods: Weekly cooking sessions were conducted in one alternative education center over a school term. Data were collected through weekly observations, a youth focus group, and staff interview. Results: Observational data confirmed high levels of participation by students, willingness to try new foods, and enjoyment of foods prepared. Comments from the teacher and students emphasized the wider impact of the cooking sessions on positive youth development and cultural engagement, including opportunities for socio-emotional learning, team work, socializing with peers, and cultural blessings of food. Conclusion: Future studies should consider measures of positive youth development along with cooking skills and eating behaviors as potential outcomes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-08-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JOSH.12197
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the school nutrition climate and students' eating behaviors and body mass index (BMI). Data were collected as part of Youth'07, a nationally representative health survey of high school students in New Zealand. Overall, 9107 randomly selected students from 96 randomly selected schools participated. School-level measures were created by aggregating students' reports within schools. Analyses were conducted using multilevel modeling, accounting for student-level characteristics. There was a positive association between the school nutrition climate and students' consumption of fruits and vegetables. This relationship was statistically significant after controlling for the background characteristics of students. There were no associations between the school nutrition climate and students' junk food consumption or BMI. The school nutrition climate appears to have a positive influence on adolescents' healthy eating behaviors (fruit and vegetable intake), but a limited effect on unhealthy eating behaviors and ultimately body weight. This may reflect the pervasiveness of junk food in the environments of adolescents outside of school and the difficulty in limiting its consumption.
No related grants have been discovered for Jennifer Utter.