ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8463-805X
Current Organisations
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
,
Edith Cowan University
,
CSIRO
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry | Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules | Biological And Medical Chemistry | Organic Chemical Synthesis | Crop and Pasture Production | Animal Production | Biotechnology Not Elsewhere Classified | Agricultural Biotechnology not elsewhere classified | Proteins and Peptides | Plant Protection (Pests, Diseases And Weeds) | Plant Protection (Pests, Diseases And Weeds) | Animal Protection (Pests And Pathogens) | Structural Biology (incl. Macromolecular Modelling) | Proteomics and Intermolecular Interactions (excl. Medical Proteomics) | Macromolecular Chemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Crop and Pasture Biochemistry and Physiology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Field crops | Control of Animal Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species in Farmland, Arable Cropland and Permanent Cropland Environments | Horticultural crops | Wheat | Human Pharmaceutical Treatments (e.g. Antibiotics) | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Livestock | Expanding Knowledge in the Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Treatments (e.g. chemicals, antibiotics) | Crop and animal protection chemicals
Related Links
Publications
Carbon dynamics of Deep Bay, eastern Pearl River Estuary, China. I: A mass balance budget and implications for shorebird conservation
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS172073
THE GROWTH PERFORMANCES OF 2 MANGROVE CRABS, CHIROMANTHES-BIDENS AND PARASESARMA-PLICATA UNDER DIFFERENT LEAF-LITTER DIETS
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00029121
Quantitative analysis of backbone-cyclised peptides in plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCHROMB.2008.07.023
Abstract: Progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathway of the cyclotides has been h ered as this unique family of cyclic plant peptides are notoriously difficult to analyse by standard proteomic approaches such as gel electrophoresis. We have developed a simple, rapid and robust strategy for the quantification of cyclotides in crude plant extracts using MALDI-TOF MS making use of generic peptides similar in mass to the analyte as internal standards for calibration. Linearity (r(2)>0.99) over two orders of magnitude (down to femtomole levels) was achieved in plant extracts, allowing quantitative analysis of transgenic and endogenous peptide expression.
The Cyclotide Fingerprint inOldenlandia affinis: Elucidation of Chemically Modified, Linear and Novel Macrocyclic Peptides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2007
Abstract: The complete suite of cyclotides present in Oldenlandia affinis (Rubiaceae), the plant that was originally found to contain this unique family of circular proteins, has been characterised. This study expands the number of known cyclotides in this plant to 17, of which nine new sequences (kalata B9-B17) were characterised in this work. In addition, five derivatives that contain oxidation products of the conserved tryptophan were identified, and it was shown that the formation of these derivatives is catalysed by exposure to sunlight. Furthermore, we describe two "linear" cyclotide analogues. These acyclic peptides have three intact disulfide bonds, and their N and C termini coincide with the hypothesised cleavage sites from the precursor protein. This work increases our knowledge about the sequence variation that is accommodated by the cyclic cystine knot scaffold, confirms its applicability as a template for drug design, and also shows the first natural degradation pathways for cyclotides. These pathways have important implications for the persistence and environmental fate of the cyclotides if used as crop-protection agents.
Opportunistic predation by small fishes on epibiota of jetty pilings in urban waterways
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2008
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030—What Chance for Success in Restoring Coastal Ecosystems?
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-02-2020
MANGROVE OUTWELLING - A REVIEW
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00029127
Flavonoid Profile of the Cotton Plant, Gossypium hirsutum: A Review
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-09-2017
Utilizing the food pathogen metabolome as a screening tool for the detection of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from spinach
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-01-2021
Abstract: Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne disease globally with many outbreaks linked to the consumption of contaminated foods such as leafy greens. Existing methods for STEC detection and isolation are time-consuming. Rapid methods may assist in preventing contaminated products from reaching consumers. This proof-of-concept study aimed to determine if a metabolomics approach could be used to detect STEC contamination in spinach. Using untargeted metabolic profiling, the bacterial pellets and supernatants arising from bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments were investigated for the presence of unique metabolites that enabled categorization of three E. coli risk groups. A total of 109 and 471 metabolite features were identified in bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments, respectively. Supervised OPLS-DA analysis demonstrated clear discrimination between bacterial enrichments containing different risk groups. Further analysis of the spinach enrichments determined that pathogen risk groups 1 and 2 could be easily discriminated from the other groups, though some clustering of risk groups 1 and 2 was observed, likely representing their genomic similarity. Biomarker discovery identified metabolites that were significantly associated with risk groups and may be appropriate targets for potential biosensor development. This study has confirmed that metabolomics can be used to identify the presence of pathogenic E. coli likely to be implicated in human disease.
Discovery of Cyclotides in the Fabaceae Plant Family Provides New Insights into the Cyclization, Evolution, and Distribution of Circular Proteins
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-01-2011
DOI: 10.1021/CB100388J
Abstract: Cyclotides are plant proteins whose defining structural features are a head-to-tail cyclized backbone and three interlocking disulfide bonds, which in combination are known as a cyclic cystine knot. This unique structural motif confers cyclotides with exceptional resistance to proteolysis. Their endogenous function is thought to be as plant defense agents, associated with their insecticidal and larval growth-inhibitory properties. However, in addition, an array of pharmaceutically relevant biological activities has been ascribed to cyclotides, including anti-HIV, anthelmintic, uterotonic, and antimicrobial effects. So far, >150 cyclotides have been elucidated from members of the Rubiaceae, Violaceae, and Cucurbitaceae plant families, but their wider distribution among other plant families remains unclear. Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly pea) is a member of plant family Fabaceae and through its usage in traditional medicine to aid childbirth bears similarity to Oldenlandia affinis, from which many cyclotides have been isolated. Using a combination of nanospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses, we examined seed extracts of C. ternatea and discovered cyclotides in the Fabaceae, the third-largest family of flowering plants. We characterized 12 novel cyclotides, thus expanding knowledge of cyclotide distribution and evolution within the plant kingdom. The discovery of cyclotides containing novel sequence motifs near the in planta cyclization site has provided new insights into cyclotide biosynthesis. In particular, MS analyses of the novel cyclotides from C. ternatea suggest that Asn to Asp variants at the cyclization site are more common than previously recognized. Moreover, this study provides impetus for the examination of other economically and agriculturally significant species within Fabaceae, now the largest plant family from which cyclotides have been described.
Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1, proteolytic studies on a trypsin inhibitor peptide and its analogs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1002/BIP.21415
Abstract: Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) is a 14 amino acid cyclic peptide from sunflower seeds, which possesses exceptionally potent trypsin-inhibitory activity, and has promise as a stable peptide-based drug template. Within its compact structure, SFTI-1 combines a head-to-tail cyclized backbone and a disulfide bond. In this study, we synthesized a range of acyclic and disulfide-deficient analogs of SFTI-1 to investigate enzyme-assisted cyclization of the peptide backbone and proteolytic degradation that occurs as a result of incubation with trypsin. Electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry allowed the characterization of a range of novel degradation products and elucidation of the time-course for cyclization and/or proteolysis. Trypsin displayed the ability to resynthesize the scissile bond(s) and hence cyclize two of the linear permutants, whereas irreversible degradation was observed for another two permutants. An interesting ring contraction mediated by trypsin was observed, supporting a role for protease catalyzed splicing as a way of increasing the combinatorial ersity of cyclic peptides in nature. Disulfide-deficient mutants were degraded within minutes, emphasizing the critical role of the cysteine bridge in maintaining proteolytic stability of SFTI-1. Overall, the study provides additional support for the proposal that naturally occurring cyclic peptides like SFTI-1 are biosynthesized by proteolytic enzymes effectively catalyzing the reverse of their normal reaction to make, rather than break peptide bonds.
Identification of differentially expressed reproductive and metabolic proteins in the female abalone (Haliotis laevigata) gonad following artificial induction of spawning.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CBD.2016.04.005
Abstract: Inefficient control of temperate abalone spawning prevents pair-wise breeding and production of abalone with highly marketable traits. Traditionally, abalone farmers have used a combination of UV irradiation and application of temperature gradients to the tank water to artificially induce spawning. Proteins are known to regulate crucial processes such as respiration, muscle contraction, feeding, growth and reproduction. Spawning as a pre-requisite of abalone reproduction is likely to be regulated, in part, by endogenous proteins. A first step in elucidating the mechanisms that regulate spawning is to identify which proteins are directly involved during spawning. The present study examined protein expression following traditional spawning induction in the Haliotis laevigata female. Gonads were collected from abalone in the following physiological states: (1) spawning (2) post-spawning and (3) failed-to-spawn. Differential protein abundance was initially assessed using two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry for protein identification. A number of reproductive proteins such as vitellogenin, vitelline envelope zona pellucida domain 29 and prohibitin, and metabolic proteins such as thioredoxin peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and heat shock proteins were identified. Differences in protein abundance levels between physiological states were further assessed using scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Positive associations were observed between the abundance of specific proteins, such as heat shock cognate 70 and peroxiredoxin 6, and the propensity or failure to spawn in abalone. These findings have contributed to better understand both the effects of oxidative and heat stress over abalone physiology and their influence on abalone spawning.
Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-05-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2007GB003052
Structure of a Drug‐Induced DNA T‐Bulge: Implications for DNA Frameshift Mutations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2002
Biodiversity
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Introduction
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
The structural components of the Azotobacter vinelandii iron-only nitrogenase, AnfDKG, form a protein complex within the plant mitochondrial matrix
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11103-023-01363-3
Abstract: A long-held goal of synthetic biology has been the transfer of a bacterial nitrogen-fixation pathway into plants to reduce the use of chemical fertiliser on crops such as rice, wheat and maize. There are three classes of bacterial nitrogenase, named after their metal requirements, containing either a MoFe-, VFe- or FeFe-cofactor, that converts N 2 gas to ammonia. Relative to the Mo-nitrogenase the Fe-nitrogenase is not as efficient for catalysis but has less complex genetic and metallocluster requirements, features that may be preferable for engineering into crops. Here we report the successful targeting of bacterial Fe-nitrogenase proteins, AnfD, AnfK, AnfG and AnfH, to plant mitochondria. When expressed as a single protein AnfD was mostly insoluble in plant mitochondria, but coexpression of AnfD with AnfK improved its solubility. Using affinity-based purification of mitochondrially expressed AnfK or AnfG we were able to demonstrate a strong interaction of AnfD with AnfK and a weaker interaction of AnfG with AnfDK. This work establishes that the structural components of the Fe-nitrogenase can be engineered into plant mitochondria and form a complex, which will be a requirement for function. This report outlines the first use of Fe-nitrogenase proteins within a plant as a preliminary step towards engineering an alternative nitrogenase into crops.
Marine reserves and seascape context shape fish assemblages in seagrass ecosystems
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 27-02-2017
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS12048
Persistent organic pollutants in the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas: nesting population variation, maternal transfer, and effects on development
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 22-03-2010
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS08462
Macrobenthos of a tidal impoundment at the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve, Hong Kong
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Reproductive biology and population genetic structure of Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae), a viviparous mangrove species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1998
DOI: 10.2307/2446492
Grapsid crabs mediate link between mangrove litter production and estuarine planktonic food chains
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS293165
What’s in a beer? Proteomic characterization and relative quantification of hordein (gluten) in beer.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-11-2012
DOI: 10.1021/PR2008434
Abstract: The suite of prolamin proteins present in barley flour was characterized in this study, in which we provide spectral evidence for 3 previously characterized prolamins, 8 prolamins with only transcript evidence, and 19 genome-derived predicted prolamins. An additional 9 prolamins were identified by searching the complete spectral set against an unannotated translated EST database. Analyses of wort, the liquid extracted from the mashing process during beer production, and beer were undertaken and a similar suite of prolamins were identified. We have demonstrated by using tandem mass spectrometry that hordeins are indeed present in beer despite speculation to the contrary. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry was used for the rapid analyses of hordein in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) beer. A selection of international beers were analyzed and compared to the results obtained with hordein deletion beers. The hordein deletion beers were brewed from grains carrying mutations that prevented the accumulation of either B-hordeins (Risø 56) or C-hordeins (Risø 1508). No intact C-hordeins were detected in beer, although fragments of C-hordeins were present in wort. Multiple reaction monitoring analysis of non-barley based gluten (hordein)-free beers targeting the major hordein protein families was performed and confirmed the absence of hordein in several gluten-free commercial beers.
Identification of barley-specific peptide markers that persist in processed foods and are capable of detecting barley contamination by LC-MS/MS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2016.03.045
Abstract: Consumers, especially those with allergies and/or intolerances, should have confidence in two critical areas of food safety: foods should be correctly labelled and free from contamination. To this end, global proteomic analysis employing LC-MS/MS of gluten-enriched extracts derived from 12 barley cultivars was undertaken, providing a foundation for the development of MS-based quantitative methodologies that would enable the detection of barley contamination in foods. Subsequently, a number of candidate barley-specific peptide markers were evaluated by multiple-reaction monitoring MS. From an initial panel of 26, 9 peptide markers were unique to barley, yet present in a wide range of barley varieties. The analytical method was then used to examine a range of breakfast cereals and was able to detect barley in a barley-based breakfast cereal and a muesli, but additionally allowed detection of contamination of cereals that were comprised of ancient grains and in commercially-sourced flours, including amaranth, chia, buckwheat, millet, rice, corn, oats, rye, spelt and green wheat (0.01-0.08%). LC-MS/MS provides an alternative to ELISA approaches to monitor food safety and the identification of robust and sensitive cereal-specific peptide markers is the first step toward the adoption of this technology. Coeliac disease is a serious health issue affecting up to 70million people globally for which there is no cure. The only treatment is a life-long gluten-free diet. Contamination of foods can occur at many stages of food production from farm to fork. As such, accurate quantification and identification of the source (i.e. cereal) and type (e.g. gluten) of contamination is critical to the health and well-being of a subset of the population, including those affected by coeliac disease and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity.
Enzyme‐driven metabolomic screening: a proof‐of‐principle method for discovery of plant defence compounds targeted by pathogens
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2016
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.14067
Abstract: Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites to defend themselves from pathogen attack, while pathogens have evolved to overcome plant defences by producing enzymes that degrade or modify these defence compounds. However, many compounds targeted by pathogen enzymes currently remain enigmatic. Identifying host compounds targeted by pathogen enzymes would enable us to understand the potential importance of such compounds in plant defence and modify them to make them insensitive to pathogen enzymes. Here, a proof of concept metabolomics‐based method was developed to discover plant defence compounds modified by pathogens using two pathogen enzymes with known targets in wheat and tomato. Plant extracts treated with purified pathogen enzymes were subjected to LC‐MS, and the relative abundance of metabolites before and after treatment were comparatively analysed. Using two enzymes from different pathogens the in planta targets could be found by combining relatively simple enzymology with the power of untargeted metabolomics. Key to the method is dataset simplification based on natural isotope occurrence and statistical filtering, which can be scripted. The method presented here will aid in our understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and may lead to the development of new plant protection strategies.
Microhabitat use of early benthic stage mud crabs, Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775), in eastern Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-09-2014
The State of the World's Mangrove Forests: Past, Present, and Future
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 17-10-2019
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ENVIRON-101718-033302
Abstract: Intertidal mangrove forests are a dynamic ecosystem experiencing rapid changes in extent and habitat quality over geological history, today and into the future. Climate and sea level have drastically altered mangrove distribution since their appearance in the geological record ∼75 million years ago (Mya), through to the Holocene. In contrast, contemporary mangrove dynamics are driven primarily by anthropogenic threats, including pollution, overextraction, and conversion to aquaculture and agriculture. Deforestation rates have declined in the past decade, but the future of mangroves is uncertain new deforestation frontiers are opening, particularly in Southeast Asia and West Africa, despite international conservation policies and ambitious global targets for rehabilitation. In addition, geological and climatic processes such as sea-level rise that were important over geological history will continue to influence global mangrove distribution in the future. Recommendations are given to reframe mangrove conservation, with a view to improving the state of mangroves in the future.
Cloning and tissue distribution of novel splice variants of the ovine ghrelin gene
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2014
Analysis of Gluten in Dried Yeast and Yeast-Containing Products
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/FOODS9121790
Abstract: Yeast are commonly used in the preparation of foods and beverages such as beer and bread and may also be used on their own as a source of nutrients and flavoring. Because of the historical connection of yeast to products made from wheat and barley, consumers maintaining a gluten-free diet can have concerns about the safety of yeast ingredients. Analyzing the safety of yeast and yeast-containing products presents some difficulties, as the yeast organisms actively degrade any gluten in the product, raising questions on the appropriateness of detection by traditional antibody-based methods. This study examines a variety of yeast and yeast-containing products by competitive ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the estimated level of gluten proteins. While s les such as yeast extracts and nutritional yeast contained gluten levels below the 20 mg/kg (or parts per million, ppm) threshold defined by Codex Alimentarius, one baking yeast and a nutritional yeast supplement s le contained higher levels of gluten. This study demonstrates that both competitive ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry provide similar results in the detection of wheat and barley gluten in yeast-containing products.
A new era for cyclotide sequencing.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1002/BIP.21400
Abstract: In recent years, the discovery of a large family of macrocyclic peptides, the cyclotides, has revealed Natures ingenuity in molecular drug design. The incorporation of a cyclic peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of disulfide bridges into their structures confers extraordinary chemical, thermal, and enzymatic stability on these biologically active peptides. However, these structural attributes present challenges in the identification of cyclotides. Until now, the sequencing of cyclotides has been slow and inefficient owing to inherent difficulties in the separation of these hydrophobic peptides from plants, the multiple chemical and enzymatic derivatization steps required to make them amenable to mass spectrometric sequencing, and the lack of software tools to efficiently deal with these circular permutants. The current bottleneck slowing the speed of cyclotide sequencing is the requirement for multiple HPLC purification steps before analysis. Here, we have applied proteomic strategies to fast-track the discovery of known, modified and novel sequences. Using four fractions from a previously well-characterized cyclotide-containing plant species, Viola odorata, 11 new sequences, as well as a plethora of known and modified cyclotides, were uncovered. In addition, the methodology was validated through analysis of crude leaf extracts ofOldenlandia affinis and Arabidopsis thaliana. The unambiguous identification of a suite of cyclotides in the Oldenlandia affinis extract provided the ultimate proof-of-concept for this application. Major advances in methodology include the use of optimized LC-MS/MS conditions and design of a custom-built cyclotide database, in which mature cyclotide sequences are excised, replicated and appended, marking a new "era" for cyclotide sequencing.
Proteomic Profiling of 16 Cereal Grains and the Application of Targeted Proteomics To Detect Wheat Contamination
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-04-2015
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JPROTEOME.5B00187
Abstract: Global proteomic analysis utilizing SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and LC-MS/MS of total protein and gluten-enriched extracts derived from 16 economically important cereals was undertaken, providing a foundation for the development of MS-based quantitative methodologies that would enable the detection of wheat contamination in foods. The number of proteins identified in each grain correlated with the number of entries in publicly available databases, highlighting the importance of continued advances in genome sequencing to facilitate accurate protein identification. Subsequently, candidate wheat-specific peptide markers were evaluated by multiple-reaction monitoring MS. The selected markers were unique to wheat, yet present in a wide range of wheat varieties that represent up to 80% of the bread wheat genome. The final analytical method was rapid (15 min) and robust (CV 0.98) spanning over 3 orders of magnitude, and was highly selective and sensitive with detection down to 15 mg/kg in intentionally contaminated soy flour. Furthermore, application of this technology revealed wheat contamination in commercially sourced flours, including rye, millet, oats, sorghum, buckwheat and three varieties of soy.
Targeted proteomics to monitor the extraction efficiency and levels of barley α-amylase trypsin inhibitors that are implicated in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2019.04.043
Abstract: Plant defense protein α-amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) have been proposed as one of the triggers of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity, however there have been no focused studies on their optimal extraction and quantitation from cereal grains. The efficiency of extraction is of utmost interest for the downstream detection and characterisation. In the present study, three extraction buffers and two modified protocols were investigated using LC-MRM-MS in order to examine their ability to efficiently and repeatably extract ATIs from selected barley cultivars. Initially, three extraction buffers IPA/DTT, urea and Tris-HCl were used to extract ATIs from two selected barley cultivars, Commander and Hindmarsh. The results obtained from the preliminary study showed that IPA/DTT and urea-based buffer extraction could yield ∼70% and ∼45% more ATIs, respectively than a buffer based on Tris-HCl extraction, with all methods showing high repeatability (CV < 15%). A multi-step protocol, employing IPA/DTT and urea improved the extraction efficiency in comparison to the single buffer extraction protocols (p 30%). The optimised sequential two-step extraction protocol was successfully used to extract and quantify ATIs from 12 barley cultivars. LC-MS analysis revealed that cv Yagan and cv Scope contain the higher levels (∼143% relative to the average barley ATI content), whereas cultivars Fleet (61%), Baudin (77%) and Commander (79%) contained the lowest levels. The libraries of ATIs identified and the quantitative methods described here provide a foundation for the future application of MS-based quantitative methodologies to detect and quantify ATIs in barley varieties and in food products.
Peptide quantification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Investigations of the cyclotide kalata B1 in biological fluids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2005.07.094
Abstract: A rapid method has been developed for the quantification of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 in water and plasma utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The unusual structure of the cyclotides means that they do not ionise as readily as linear peptides and as a result of their low ionisation efficiency, traditional LC/MS analyses were not able to reach the levels of detection required for the quantification of cyclotides in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis showed linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the concentration range 0.05-10 microg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.05 microg/mL (9 fmol) in plasma. This paper highlights the applicability of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the rapid and sensitive quantification of peptides in biological s les without the need for extensive extraction procedures.
Cyclotide interactions with the nematode external surface
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01306-09
Abstract: Cyclotides are a large family of cyclic cystine knot-containing plant peptides that have anthelminthic activities against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis , two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 with the external surface of H. contortus larvae and adult worms. We show that cyclotides do not need to be ingested by the worms to exert their toxic effects but that an interaction with the external surface alone is toxic. Evidence for this was the toxicity toward adult worms in the presence of a chemically induced pharyngeal ligature and toxicity of cyclotides toward nonfeeding larval life stages. Uptake of tritiated inulin in ligated adult worms was increased in the presence of cyclotide, suggesting that cyclotides increase the permeability of the external membranes of adult nematodes. Polyethylene glycols of various sizes showed protective effects on the nonfeeding larval life stage, as well as in hemolytic activity assays, suggesting that discrete pores are formed in the membrane surfaces by cyclotides and that these can be blocked by polyethylene glycols of appropriate size. This increased permeability is consistent with recently reported effects of cyclotides on membranes in which kalata B1 was demonstrated to form pores and cause leakage of vesicle/cellular contents. Our data, together with known size constraints on the movement of permeants across nematode cuticle layers, suggest that one action of the cyclotides involves an interaction with the lipid-rich epicuticle layer at the surface of the worm.
Understanding the Diversity and Distribution of Cyclotides from Plants of Varied Genetic Origin
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-05-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JNATPROD.7B00061
Abstract: Cyclotides are a large family of naturally occurring plant-derived macrocyclic cystine-knot peptides, with more than 400 having been identified in species from the Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae families. Nevertheless, their specialized distribution within the plant kingdom remains poorly understood. In this study, the ersity of cyclotides was explored through the screening of 197 plants belonging to 43 different families. In total, 28 cyclotides were sequenced from 15 plant species, one of which belonged to the Rubiaceae and 14 to the Violaceae. Every Violaceae species screened contained cyclotides, but they were only sparsely represented in Rubiaceae and nonexistent in other families. The study thus supports the hypothesis that cyclotides are ubiquitous in the Violaceae, and it adds to the list of plants found to express kalata S and cycloviolacin O12. Finally, previous studies suggested the existence of cyclotide isoforms with either an Asn or an Asp at the C-terminal processing site of the cyclotide domain within the precursor proteins. Here we found that despite the discovery of a few cyclotides genuinely containing an Asp in loop 6 as evidenced by gene sequencing, deamidation of Asn during enzymatic digestion resulted in the artifactual presence of Asp isoforms. This result is consistent with studies suggesting that peptides can undergo deamidation after being subjected to external factors, including pH, temperature, and enzymatic digestion.
Evolutionary Origins of a Bioactive Peptide Buried within Preproalbumin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2014
Abstract: The de novo evolution of proteins is now considered a frequented route for biological innovation, but the genetic and biochemical processes that lead to each newly created protein are often poorly documented. The common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) contains the unusual gene PawS1 (Preproalbumin with SFTI-1) that encodes a precursor for seed storage albumin however, in a region usually discarded during albumin maturation, its sequence is matured into SFTI-1, a protease-inhibiting cyclic peptide with a motif homologous to unrelated inhibitors from legumes, cereals, and frogs. To understand how PawS1 acquired this additional peptide with novel biochemical functionality, we cloned PawS1 genes and showed that this dual destiny is over 18 million years old. This new family of mostly backbone-cyclic peptides is structurally erse, but the protease-inhibitory motif was restricted to peptides from sunflower and close relatives from its subtribe. We describe a widely distributed, potential evolutionary intermediate PawS-Like1 (PawL1), which is matured into storage albumin, but makes no stable peptide despite possessing residues essential for processing and cyclization from within PawS1. Using sequences we cloned, we retrodict the likely stepwise creation of PawS1's additional destiny within a simple albumin precursor. We propose that relaxed selection enabled SFTI-1 to evolve its inhibitor function by converging upon a successful sequence and structure.
Prevention and control of maturation to address multiple key abalone production constraints
Publisher: CSIRO
Date: 2014
Natural or Artificial? Habitat-Use by the Bull Shark, Carcharhinus leucas
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-11-2012
The different effects of starch synthase IIa mutations or variation on endosperm amylose content of barley, wheat and rice are determined by the distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-015-2515-Z
Abstract: The distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching enzyme IIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma plays an important role in determining endosperm amylose content of cereal grains. Starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) catalyses the polymerisation of intermediate length glucan chains of amylopectin in the endosperm of cereals. Mutations of SSIIa genes in barley and wheat and inactive SSIIa variant in rice induce similar effects on the starch structure and the amylose content, but the severity of the phenotypes is different. This study compared the levels of transcripts and partitioning of proteins of starch synthase I (SSI) and starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) inside and outside the starch granules in the developing endosperms of these ssIIa mutants and inactive SSIIa variant. Pleiotropic effects on starch granule-bound proteins suggested that the different effects of SSIIa mutations on endosperm amylose content of barley, wheat and rice are determined by the distribution of SSI and SBEIIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma in cereals. Regulation of starch synthesis in ssIIa mutants and inactive SSIIa variant may be at post-translational level or the altered amylopectin structure deprives the affinity of SSI and SBEIIb to amylopectin.
Proteome Analysis of Hordein-Null Barley Lines Reveals Storage Protein Synthesis and Compensation Mechanisms
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-05-2020
Cycloviolacin H4, a Hydrophobic Cyclotide fromViola hederaceae
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-12-2005
DOI: 10.1021/NP050317I
Abstract: Cycloviolacin H4, a new macrocyclic miniprotein comprising 30 amino acid residues, was isolated from the underground parts of the Australian native violet Viola hederaceae. Its sequence, cyclo-(CAESCVWIPCTVTALLGCSCSNNVCYNGIP), was determined by nanospray tandem mass spectrometry and quantitative amino acid analysis. A knotted disulfide arrangement, which was designated as a cyclic cystine knot motif and characteristic to all known cyclotides, is proposed for stabilizing the molecular structure and folding. The cyclotide is classified in the bracelet subfamily of cyclotides due to the absence of a cis-Pro peptide bond in the circular peptide backbone. A model of its three-dimensional structure was derived based on the template of the homologous cyclotide vhr1 (Trabi et al. Plant Cell 2004, 16, 2204-2216). Cycloviolacin H4 exhibits the most potent hemolytic activity in cyclotides reported so far, and this activity correlates with the size of a surface-exposed hydrophobic patch. This work has thus provided insight into the factors that modulate the cytotoxic properties of cyclotides.
Investigating three-dimensional mesoscale habitat complexity and its ecological implications using low-cost RGB-D sensor technology
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-07-2014
Food availability and predation risk drive the distributional patterns of two pulmonate gastropods in a mangrove-saltmarsh transitional habitat
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Using isotope labeling to partition sources of CO2 efflux in newly established mangrove seedlings
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2017
DOI: 10.1002/LNO.10663
Modelling copper uptake by Saccostrea glomerata with diffusive gradients in a thin film measurements
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/EN07092
Abstract: Environmental context. Organisms, like commercially available rock oysters, can be used to measure the uptake of contaminants (e.g. trace metals) and thereby provide a relative measure of water quality between sites or of water quality changes over time. However, these measurements cannot be directly compared with water quality guidelines, which require water concentrations and not tissue concentrations, to provide an absolute indication of water quality. The present study found that the amount of copper accumulated in oyster tissue was proportional to water copper concentrations measured by passive s ler devices, thereby allowing oyster copper accumulation to be interpreted in terms of biologically-available copper water concentrations and to be compared with the water quality guidelines. Abstract. Copper bioaccumulation in transplanted oysters, Saccostrea glomerata, was compared with measurements of water concentrations. Tissue copper measurements were positively correlated with acid-soluble copper concentrations (n = 6, r = 0.874, P = 0.023) and with DGT (diffusive gradients in a thin film)-accumulated copper mass at two sites (n = 9, r = 0.967, P 0.001 n = 9, r = 0.888, P = 0.001) where continual bioaccumulation occurred. The more significant correlations are likely due to the time-integrated nature of DGT measurements, despite the biomonitor measuring different copper species. This empirical relationship allowed S. glomerata-available copper concentrations (0.70–1.6 μg L–1) to be modelled across 14 sites and produced a highly significant correlation (r = 0.787, P = 0.001) with DGT-labile copper measurements (0.10–0.49 μg L–1). This approach allowed biomonitor measurements to be compared with water quality guidelines and would further expand the use of biomonitors for aquatic monitoring if widely replicated.
Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis Reveals Hydrolyzed Gluten in Beers Crafted To Remove Gluten
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-10-2017
Abstract: During brewing, gluten proteins may be solubilized, modified, complexed, hydrolyzed, and/or precipitate. Gluten fragments that persist in conventional beers render them unsuitable for people with celiac disease (CD) or gluten intolerance. Barley-based beers crafted to remove gluten using proprietary precipitation and/or application of enzymes, e.g. prolyl endopeptidases (PEP) that degrade the proline-rich gluten molecules, are available commercially. Gluten measurement in fermented products remains controversial. The industry standard, a competitive ELISA, may indicate gluten values 30 kDa in size. Barley gluten (hordeins) were detected in all beers analyzed with peptides representing all hordein classes detected in conventional beers but also, alarmingly, in many gluten-reduced beers. It is evident that PEP digestion was incomplete in several commercial beers, and peptides comprising missed cleavages were identified, warranting further optimization of PEP application in an industrial setting.
Oat of this world: Defining peptide markers for detection of oats in processed food
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/PEP2.24045
A mass spectrometric assay for the quantification of neuropeptide PYY in plasma
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1039/C2AY05536H
Proteases as digestive aids
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
A multi-faceted approach for quantifying the estuarine-nearshore transition in the life cycle of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/MF11136
Abstract: Understanding the ontogenetic habitat linkages of sharks is important for conservation and managing human interactions. We used acoustic telemetry, catch data, elemental and stable isotope signatures and dietary analyses to investigate ontogenetic habitat use in south-east Queensland, Australia, by the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas, a IUCN ‘near-threatened’ species that is implicated in many shark attacks on humans in urban estuaries. Sequential analyses for δ15N and δ13C of vertebrae from five adult C. leucas and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) for elemental composition from 23 C. leucas, including a pregnant female, were also used to trace ontogenetic habitat dependence. Acoustic telemetry indicated large juvenile and subadult C. leucas remained in estuarine habitats. δ15N values across shark vertebrae showed an ontogenetic shift in diet with total length (TL), confirmed by stomach contents. LA-ICPMS data reflected the ontogenetic movements of C. leucas from natal habitats. Differences among adults were gender related. Shifts in habitat use by subadults were correlated with a sigmoidal δ13C relationship with TL. C. leucas have a multipartite, stage-specific dependency in their transition between habitats along the freshwater–estuarine–marine continuum, making them particularly susceptible to the habitat alteration that is occurring globally.
Nutrition, allergenicity and physicochemical qualities of food-grade protein extracts from Nannochloropsis oculata
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Sediment distribution in shallow estuaries at fine scale: in situ evidence of the effects of three-dimensional structural complexity of mangrove pneumatophores
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2017
Selective feeding by the mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) on the microalgal assemblage of a tropical mudflat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2003
Impact of urbanization on coastal wetland structure and function
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-03-2006
Exploring the midgut proteome of partially fed female cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JINSPHYS.2009.10.003
Abstract: The continued development of effective anti-tick vaccines remains the most promising prospect for the control of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. A vaccine based on midgut proteins could interfere with successful tick feeding and additionally interfere with midgut developmental stages of Babesia parasites, providing opportunities for the control of both the tick and the pathogens it transmits. Midgut proteins from partially fed adult female cattle ticks were analysed using a combination of 2-DE and gel-free LC-MS/MS. Analysis of the urea-soluble protein fraction resulted in the confident identification of 105 gut proteins, while the PBS-soluble fraction yielded an additional 37 R. microplus proteins. The results show an abundance of proteins involved in mitochondrial ATP synthesis, electron transport chain, protein synthesis, chaperone, antioxidant and protein folding and transport activities in midgut tissues of adult female ticks. Among the novel products identified were clathrin-adaptor protein, which is involved in the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles, and membrane-associated trafficking proteins such as syntaxin 6 and surfeit 4. The observations allow the formulation of hypotheses regarding midgut physiology and will serve as a basis for future vaccine development and tick-host interaction research.
Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to Barley Research
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-07-2021
Behavioural patterns of a Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) feeding aggregation at a blue whale carcass in Prony Bay, New Caledonia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
The Anthelmintic Activity of the Cyclotides: Natural Variants with Enhanced Activity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2008
Abstract: The cyclotides are a family of backbone-cyclised cystine-knot-containing peptides from plants that possess anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep. In the current study, we investigated the in vitro effects of newly discovered natural cyclotides on the viability of larval and adult life stages of these pests. The natural variants cycloviolacin O2, cycloviolacin O3, cycloviolacin O8, cycloviolacin O13, cycloviolacin O14, cycloviolacin O15, and cycloviolacin O16 extracted from Viola odorata showed up to 18-fold greater potency than the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 in nematode larval development assays. Cycloviolacin O2 and cycloviolacin O14 were significantly more potent than kalata B1 in adult H. contortus motility assays. The lysine and glutamic acid residues of cycloviolacin O2, the most potent anthelmintic cyclotide, were chemically modified to investigate the role of these charged residues in modulating the biological activity. The single glutamic acid residue, which is conserved across all known cyclotides, was shown to be essential for activity, with a sixfold decrease in potency of cycloviolacin O2 following methylation. The three lysine residues present in cycloviolacin O2 were acetylated to effectively mask the positive charge, resulting in a 18-fold decrease in anthelmintic activity. The relative anthelmintic activities of the natural variants assayed against nematode larvae correlated with the number of charged residues present in their sequence.
Using mass spectrometry to detect hydrolysed gluten in beer that is responsible for false negatives by ELISA
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2014.10.033
Abstract: Gluten is the collective name for a class of proteins found in wheat, rye, barley and oats. Eating gluten triggers an inappropriate auto-immune reaction in ∼70 million people globally affected by coeliac disease, where the gut reacts to gluten proteins and this triggers an immune response, resulting in intestinal inflammation and damage. Gluten-free foods are now commonplace, however, it is difficult to accurately determine the gluten content of products claiming to be gluten-free using current methodologies as the antibodies are non-specific, show cross-reactivity and have different affinities for the different classes of gluten. The measurement of gluten in processed products is further confounded by modifications to the proteins that occur during processing and in some case hydrolysis of the proteins. In this study, LC-MS/MS was used to profile whole beer, and two beer fractions representing hydrolysed hordeins (<30 kDa) and hordein peptide fragments (<10 kDa). Subsequently, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS enabled the relative quantification of selected peptide fragments in beer and revealed that certain classes of hordein were prone to hydrolysis (B- and D-hordein). Furthermore, select beers contained very high levels of gluten-derived fragments. Strikingly, those beers that contained high levels of B-hordein fragments gave near zero values by ELISA. The hydrolysed fragments that persist in beer show a dose-dependent suppression of ELISA measurement of gluten despite using a hordein standard for calibration of the assay. The development of MS-based methodology for absolute quantification of gluten is required for the accurate assessment of gluten, including hydrolysed forms, in food and beverages to support the industry, legislation and to protect consumers suffering from CD.
A Continent of Plant Defense Peptide Diversity: Cyclotides in AustralianHybanthus(Violaceae)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-09-2005
Abstract: Cyclotides are plant-derived miniproteins that have the unusual features of a head-to-tail cyclized peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of disulfide bonds. It had been postulated that they might be an especially large family of host defense agents, but this had not yet been tested by field data on cyclotide variation in wild plant populations. In this study, we s led Australian Hybanthus (Violaceae) to gain an insight into the level of variation within populations, within species, and between species. A wealth of cyclotide ersity was discovered: at least 246 new cyclotides are present in the 11 species s led, and 26 novel sequences were characterized. A new approach to the discovery of cyclotide sequences was developed based on the identification of a conserved sequence within a signal sequence in cyclotide precursors. The number of cyclotides in the Violaceae is now estimated to be & . Cyclotide physicochemical profiles were shown to be a useful taxonomic feature that reflected species and their morphological relationships. The novel sequences provided substantial insight into the tolerance of the cystine knot framework in cyclotides to amino acid substitutions and will facilitate protein engineering applications of this framework.
Discovery of an unusual biosynthetic origin for circular proteins in legumes
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 18-05-2011
Abstract: Cyclotides are plant-derived proteins that have a unique cyclic cystine knot topology and are remarkably stable. Their natural function is host defense, but they have a erse range of pharmaceutically important activities, including uterotonic activity and anti-HIV activity, and have also attracted recent interest as templates in drug design. Here we report an unusual biosynthetic origin of a precursor protein of a cyclotide from the butterfly pea, Clitoria ternatea , a representative member of the Fabaceae plant family. Unlike all previously reported cyclotides, the domain corresponding to the mature cyclotide from this Fabaceae plant is embedded within an albumin precursor protein. We confirmed the expression and correct processing of the cyclotide encoded by the Cter M precursor gene transcript following extraction from C. ternatea leaf and sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. The sequence was verified by direct chemical synthesis and the peptide was found to adopt a classic knotted cyclotide fold as determined by NMR spectroscopy. Seven additional cyclotide sequences were also identified from C. ternatea leaf and flower, five of which were unique. Cter M displayed insecticidal activity against the cotton budworm Helicoverpa armigera and bound to phospholipid membranes, suggesting its activity is modulated by membrane disruption. The Fabaceae is the third largest family of flowering plants and many Fabaceous plants are of huge significance for human nutrition. Knowledge of Fabaceae cyclotide gene transcripts should enable the production of modified cyclotides in crop plants for a variety of agricultural or pharmaceutical applications, including plant-produced designer peptide drugs.
Utilization of wetlands by ardeids in Starling Inlet, Hong Kong: A year-round study and a comparison between the census and flight-line methods
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 08-2001
DOI: 10.2307/1522024
Plant Proteomic Research 5.0: From Data to Insights
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS24010258
Abstract: Proteomics offers one of the best approaches for the functional analysis of the genome, generating detailed information that can be integrated with that obtained by other classic and omics approaches [...]
Proteomics as a tool to understand the complexity of beer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Plant expression of NifD protein variants resistant to mitochondrial degradation
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 31-08-2020
Abstract: Engineering nitrogenase in plants may help alleviate economic and environmental issues due to the use of nitrogen fertilizer. Mitochondria have shown promise in supporting the function of nitrogenase, including electron donation and metallocluster assembly. Despite these successes, formation of the catalytic unit, NifDK, has proven difficult. Here, we find that when relocated to plant mitochondria, NifD is subject to errant peptidase-based cleavage and is insoluble. Guided by NifD sequence variation amongst bacteria and structural modeling, we designed NifD variants that avoided cleavage and retained function in bacterial assays. Fusion of NifK to degradation-resistant NifD also improved solubility, and the polyprotein retained function in bacterial assays. This work advances efforts to produce crops less reliant on nitrogen fertilizer.
Catcher of the Rye: Detection of Rye, a Gluten-Containing Grain, by LC–MS/MS
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-07-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JPROTEOME.9B00314
Abstract: Rye, wheat, and barley contain gluten, proteins that trigger immune-mediated inflammation of the small intestine in people with celiac disease (CD). The only treatment for CD is a lifelong gluten-free diet. To be classified as gluten-free by the World Health Organization the gluten content must be below 20 mg/kg, but Australia has a more rigorous standard of no detectable gluten and not made from wheat, barley, rye, or oats. The purpose of this study was to devise an LC-MS/MS method to detect rye in food. An MS-based assay could overcome some of the limitations of immunoassays, wherein antibodies often show cross-reactivity and lack specificity due to the ersity of gluten proteins in commercial food and the homology between rye and wheat gluten isoforms. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of 20 rye cultivars originating from 12 countries enabled the identification of a panel of candidate rye-specific peptide markers. The peptide markers were assessed in 16 cereal and pseudocereal grains, and in 10 breakfast cereals and 7 snack foods. One of two spelt flours assessed was contaminated with rye at a level of 2%, and trace levels of rye were found in a breakfast cereal that should be gluten-free based on its labeled ingredients.
Analytical Methods for Allergen Control in Food Processing
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-03-2023
Abstract: Food allergy and food-related anaphylaxis have become a growing public health and food safety issue worldwide [...]
Drug recognition of a DNA single strand break
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2002
DOI: 10.1046/J.1432-1327.2002.02819.X
Abstract: Two DNA hairpin motifs (5'-GCGAAGC-3' and 5'-ACGA AGT-3'), both stabilized by a 5'-GAA loop, have been used to design novel intramolecular double hairpin structures (5'-GCGAAGCACGAAGT-3' and 5'-ACGAAGTGCG AAGC-3') in which coaxial stacking of the two hairpin components generates a double-stranded stem region effectively with a single-strand break in the middle of the sequence at either the TG or CA step between unconnected 3' and 5' terminal bases. We have investigated by NMR the conformation and dynamics of the DNA at the strand break site. We show that mutual stacking significantly enhances the stability of each hairpin. Further, the anthracycline antibiotic nogalamycin binds cleanly to the 5'-TG (5'-CA) site formed by the mutually stacked hairpins despite the break in the sugar-phosphate backbone on one strand. The complex resembles the structure of nogalamycin-DNA complexes with the drug bound at 5'-TG sites in intact duplex sequences, with pi-stacking interactions probably the single dominant stabilizing interaction.
Foraging behavior of the mangrove sesarmid crab Neosarmatium trispinosum enhances food intake and nutrient retention in a low-quality food environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Inter-specific and geographical variations in the fatty acid composition of mangrove leaves: implications for using fatty acids as a taxonomic tool and tracers of organic matter
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2007
Identification, Characterization, and Three-Dimensional Structure of the Novel Circular Bacteriocin, Enterocin NKR-5-3B, from Enterococcus faecium
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-07-2015
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.BIOCHEM.5B00196
Abstract: Enterocin NKR-5-3B, one of the multiple bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus faecium NKR-5-3, is a 64-amino acid novel circular bacteriocin that displays broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Here we report the identification, characterization, and three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure determination of enterocin NKR-5-3B. Enterocin NKR-5-3B is characterized by four helical segments that enclose a compact hydrophobic core, which together with its circular backbone impart high stability and structural integrity. We also report the corresponding structural gene, enkB, that encodes an 87-amino acid precursor peptide that undergoes a yet to be described enzymatic processing that involves adjacent cleavage and ligation of Leu(24) and Trp(87) to yield the mature (circular) enterocin NKR-5-3B.
Creation of the first ultra-low gluten barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for coeliac and gluten-intolerant populations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-10-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PBI.12482
Production and proteomic characterisation of purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
The influence of the La Nina-El Nino cycle on giant mud crab (Scylla serrata) catches in Northern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Bottom boundary layer cooling and wind-driven upwelling enhance the catchability of spanner crab (Ranina ranina) in South-East Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2019
DOI: 10.1111/FOG.12411
Effects of age, size, and light intensity on spawning performance of pond-reared Penaeus merguiensis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2002
Potential contributions of gut microbiota to the nutrition of the detritivorous sesarmid crab Parasesarma erythodactyla
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2015
Mature forms of the major seed storage albumins in sunflower: A mass spectrometric approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2016.05.004
Abstract: Seed storage albumins are abundant, water-soluble proteins that are degraded to provide critical nutrients for the germinating seedling. It has been established that the sunflower albumins encoded by SEED STORAGE ALBUMIN 2 (SESA2), SESA20 and SESA3 are the major components of the albumin-rich fraction of the common sunflower Helianthus annuus. To determine the structure of sunflowers most important albumins we performed a detailed chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization to assess what post-translational processing they receive prior to deposition in the protein storage vacuole. We found that SESA2 and SESA20 each encode two albumins. The first of the two SESA2 albumins (SESA2-1) exists as a monomer of 116 or 117 residues, differing by a threonine at the C-terminus. The second of the two SESA2 albumins (SESA2-2) is a monomer of 128 residues. SESA20 encodes the albumin SESA20-2, which is a 127-residue monomer, whereas SESA20-1 was not abundant enough to be structurally described. SESA3, which has been partly characterized previously, was found in several forms with methylation of its asparagine residues. In contrast to other dicot albumins, which are generally matured into a heterodimer, all the dominant mature sunflower albumins SESA2, SESA20-2, SESA3 and its post-translationally modified analogue SESA3-a are monomeric. Sunflower plants have been bred to thrive in various climate zones making them favored crops to meet the growing worldwide demand by humans for protein. The abundance of seed storage proteins makes them an important source of protein for animal and human nutrition. This study explores the structures of the dominant sunflower napin-type seed storage albumins to understand what structures evolution has favored in the most abundant proteins in sunflower seed.
Can Strict Protection Stop the Decline of Mangrove Ecosystems in China? From Rapid Destruction to Rampant Degradation
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/F11010055
Abstract: China has lost about 50% of its mangrove forests from 1950 to 2001. Since 2001, mangrove forest area has increased by 1.8% per year due to strict protection of the remaining mangrove forests and large-scale restoration. By 2019, 67% of the mangrove forests in China had been enclosed within protected areas (PAs). In terms of the proportion of PAs of mangrove forests, China has achieved the conservation target of “Nature Needs Half”. The ongoing degradation of mangrove forests was assessed at the species, population, community and ecosystem levels. The results show that despite the strict protection, the remaining mangrove forests are suffering extensive degradation due to widespread anthropogenic disturbance. Of the 26 mangrove species, 50% are threatened with extinction, a proportion higher than the average for all higher plants in China (10.8%). Local extinction of some common species like Bruguiera gymnorhiza is widespread. About 53% of the existing mangrove areas were dominated by low-intertidal pioneer species. Consequently, the carbon stock in vegetation has decreased by 53.1%, from 21.8 Tg C in the 1950s to 10.2 Tg C in 2019. Meanwhile, there is an estimated 10.8% concomitant decrease in the carbon sequestration rate. The root cause for this degradation in China is seawall construction because most mangroves are outside seawalls in China. Without fundamental changes in protection and restoration strategies, mangrove forests in China will continue to degrade in spite of strict protection and large-scale restoration. Future mangrove conservation effort should aim to preserve the ersity of both the biota and the ecological processes sustaining the mangrove ecosystem. A few suggestions to raise the effectiveness of mangrove conservation actions were provided.
Activation of several key components of the epidermal differentiation pathway in cattle following infestation with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2009.10.013
Abstract: The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and the diseases it transmits pose a persistent threat to tropical beef production. Genetic selection of host resistance has become the method of choice for non-chemical control of cattle tick. Previous studies have suggested that larval stages are most susceptible to host resistance mechanisms. To gain insights into the molecular basis of host resistance that occurs during R. microplus attachment, we assessed the abundance of proteins (by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and Western blot analyses) and mRNAs (by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR)) in skin adjacent to tick bite sites from high tick-resistant (HR) and low tick-resistant (LR) Belmont Red cattle following challenge with cattle tick. We showed substantially higher expression of the basal epidermal keratins KRT5 and KRT14, the lipid processing protein, lipocalin 9 (LCN9), the epidermal barrier catalysing enzyme transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), and the transcriptional regulator B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) in HR skin. Our data reveals the essential role of the epidermal permeability barrier in conferring greater resistance of cattle to tick infestation, and suggest that the physical structure of the epidermal layers of the skin may represent the first line of defence against ectoparasite invasion.
Effect of light intensity on maturation and spawning of ablated female Penaeus merguiensis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
Using blood samples to estimate persistent organic pollutants and metals in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Short-term response of estuarine sandflat trophodynamics to pulse anthropogenic physical disturbance: Support for the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
delta N-15 of estuarine fishes as a quantitative indicator of urbanization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Effects of chronic copper exposure on the green mussel Perna viridis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2000
Cycloquest: identification of cyclopeptides via database search of their mass spectra against genome databases.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-09-2011
DOI: 10.1021/PR200323A
Spatial conservation of large mobile elasmobranchs requires an understanding of spatio-temporal seascape utilization
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-10-2018
Assessing temporal and spatial trends in estuarine nutrient dynamics using a multi-species stable isotope approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
The effects of seagrass (Zostera japonica) canopy structure on associated fauna: A study using artificial seagrass units and sampling of natural beds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2001
Bottom Currents Affect Spanner Crab Catch Rates in Southern Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2019
DOI: 10.1002/MCF2.10073
Meiofauna and crabs in mangroves and adjoining sandflats: Is the interaction physical or trophic?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Using LC-MS to examine the fermented food products vinegar and soy sauce for the presence of gluten
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2018.02.023
Abstract: A strict, lifelong gluten-free (GF) diet is currently the only treatment for coeliac disease (CD). Vinegar and soy sauce are fermented condiments that often include wheat and/or barley. During fermentation cereal proteins are partially degraded by enzymes to yield peptide fragments and amino acids. Whether these fermented products contain intact or degraded gluten proteins and if they are safe for people with CD remains in question. LC-MS offers the benefit of being able to detect hydrolysed gluten that might be present in commercial vinegar and soy sauce products. LC-MS revealed the presence of gluten in malt vinegar, wherein the identified peptides derived from B-, D- and γ-hordein from barley, as well as γ-gliadin, and HMW- and LMW-glutenins from wheat that are known to contain immunopathogenic epitopes. No gluten was detected in the soy sauces examined despite wheat being a labelled ingredient indicating extensive hydrolysis of gluten during soy sauce production.
Quantifying dispersion in an estuary: A Lagrangian drifter approach
Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation
Date: 28-04-2014
DOI: 10.2112/SI70-006.1
Sources and fate of organic matter in constructed versus natural coastal waterways
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2018.07.044
Abstract: Coastal wetlands are increasingly being converted into canal estates with potential consequences for ecosystem functioning. We compared the sources and fate of organic matter and water quality at four types of canal habitats (entrances and ends of canals, canal lakes and lake edges) and shallow and deep natural habitats (four replicates of each habitat). The fate of labile organic matter was assessed by measuring rates of scavenging of carrion. Surface sediments were analysed for organic carbon content and stable carbon isotopes, fatty acid biomarkers and compound specific stable isotope analysis of selected fatty acids were used to elucidate sources of sedimentary organic matter. Canal lakes differed from other habitats and were characterised by negligible scavenging, larger quantities of organic matter comprised of higher contributions from diatoms, and hypoxia. Despite some trends, natural habitats were statistically indistinguishable from canal entrances and ends. Variation among replicate habitats was large.
Structure of mangrove meiofaunal assemblages associated with local sediment conditions in subtropical eastern australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Fate of mangrove organic matter along a subtropical estuary: small-scale exportation and contribution to the food of crab communities
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 24-04-2006
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS312015
Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health
Publisher: Environmental Health Perspectives
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1289/EHP.0900813
The effects of epiphytic algae and their grazers on the intertidal seagrass Zostera japonica
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2000
Gonadal reproductive and metabolic proteins of male abalone Haliotis laevigata (Donovan, 1808) assessed by targeted mass spectrometry after artificial induction of spawning
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 12-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ARE.13413
Estuarine caridean shrimp (Palaemon debilis Dana, 1852) (Decapoda: Caridea) can differentiate olfactory cues from different mangrove species for microhabitat selection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Binding of anthracycline antibiotic nogalamycin to the site of a DNA single strand break engineered between two co-axially stacked hairpins
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1039/B009904J
DEFOLIATION OF THE MANGROVE AVICENNIA-MARINA IN HONG-KONG - CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCES
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 06-1995
DOI: 10.2307/2388997
Cannibalism contributes significantly to the diet of cultured sand crabs, Portunus pelagicus (L.): A dual stable isotope study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
Ecological role of grapsid crabs in mangrove ecosystems: a review
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1071/MF97179
Abstract: Recent research on Indo–Pacific mangroves has confirmed the significant role played by grapsid crabs in the structure and function of these ecosystems. Through the feeding activities of the crabs, large proportions of organic matter production, i.e. mangrove leaves, are recycled within the forest. This initial retention of production in the forest refines earlier estimates of tidal export from the mangroves. Crab-processed organic matter could also form the basis of a coprophagous food chain involving small invertebrates, or be re-exported as micro-particulates. Differential consumption by crabs of mangrove propagules also affects mangrove community structure by diminishing the relative abundance of species whose propagules are preferred foods. Bioturbation by the crabs also results in changes in surface topography, particle size distribution and degree of aeration and, thus, the concentration of phytotoxins in the substratum. Such changes could affect growth and production of the mangroves. Growth and reproduction of the crabs may in turn be influenced by the associated mangrove species, mainly through the provision of food. The semi-terrestrial and air-breathing habit of the grapsid crabs probably makes them tolerant of deoxygenation caused by organic enrichment, but development of the landward mangroves will strongly affect survival of the crabs.
Rainfall and sea surface temperature: key drivers for occurrence of bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, in beach areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
INFLUENCE OF SEDIMENT METAL SPIKING PROCEDURES ON COPPER BIOAVAILABILITY AND TOXICITY IN THE ESTUARINE BIVALVE INDOAUSTRIELLA LAMPRELLI
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1897/08-469.1
Primary Structural Analysis of Cyclotides
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Characterization of a Bioactive Acyclotide from Palicourea rigida
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-11-2016
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JNATPROD.6B00270
Abstract: The extraction and purification of parigidin-br3, a cyclotide analogue belonging to the "bracelet" subfamily, from Palicourea rigida leaves is discussed. Unlike conventional cyclotides, parigidin-br3 has free N- and C-termini, as identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and confirmed by gene structure elucidation, and is one of a small number of acyclotides discovered during recent years. Parigidin-br3 showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and CACO2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells, with IC
Use of PIT tag and underwater video recording in assessing estuarine fish movement in a high intertidal mangrove and salt marsh creek
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Perspectives on future protein production
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-12-2021
A novel suite of cyclotides from Viola odorata: sequence variation and the implications for structure, function and stability
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 27-10-2006
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20060627
Abstract: Cyclotides are a fascinating family of plant-derived peptides characterized by their head-to-tail cyclized backbone and knotted arrangement of three disulfide bonds. This conserved structural architecture, termed the CCK (cyclic cystine knot), is responsible for their exceptional resistance to thermal, chemical and enzymatic degradation. Cyclotides have a variety of biological activities, but their insecticidal activities suggest that their primary function is in plant defence. In the present study, we determined the cyclotide content of the sweet violet Viola odorata, a member of the Violaceae family. We identified 30 cyclotides from the aerial parts and roots of this plant, 13 of which are novel sequences. The new sequences provide information about the natural ersity of cyclotides and the role of particular residues in defining structure and function. As many of the biological activities of cyclotides appear to be associated with membrane interactions, we used haemolytic activity as a marker of bioactivity for a selection of the new cyclotides. The new cyclotides were tested for their ability to resist proteolysis by a range of enzymes and, in common with other cyclotides, were completely resistant to trypsin, pepsin and thermolysin. The results show that while biological activity varies with the sequence, the proteolytic stability of the framework does not, and appears to be an inherent feature of the cyclotide framework. The structure of one of the new cyclotides, cycloviolacin O14, was determined and shown to contain the CCK motif. This study confirms that cyclotides may be regarded as a natural combinatorial template that displays a variety of peptide epitopes most likely targeted to a range of plant pests and pathogens.
The Fusarium crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum triggers a suite of transcriptional and metabolic changes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-12-2018
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCW207
Discovery and Characterization of Cyclotides from Rinorea Species
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-11-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JNATPROD.8B00572
Abstract: Cyclotides are macrocyclic cystine-knotted peptides most commonly found in the Violaceae plant family. Although Rinorea is the second-largest genera within the Violaceae family, few studies have examined whether or not they contain cyclotides. To further our understanding of cyclotide ersity and evolution, we examined the cyclotide content of two Rinorea species found in Southeast Asia: R. virgata and R. bengalensis. Seven cyclotides were isolated from R. virgata (named Rivi1-7), and a known cyclotide (cT10) was found in R. bengalensis. Loops 2, 5, and 6 of Rivi1-4 contained sequences not previously seen in corresponding loops of known cyclotides, thereby expanding our understanding of the ersity of cyclotides. In addition, the sequence of loop 2 of Rivi3 and Rivi4 were identical to some related noncyclic "acyclotides" from the Poaceae plant family. As only acyclotides, but not cyclotides, have been reported in monocotyledons thus far, our findings support an evolutionary link between monocotyledon-derived ancestral cyclotide precursors and dicotyledon-derived cyclotides. Furthermore, Rivi2 and Rivi3 had comparable cytotoxic activities to the most cytotoxic cyclotide known to date: cycloviolacin O2 from Viola odorata yet, unlike cycloviolacin O2, they did not show hemolytic activity. Therefore, these cyclotides represent novel scaffolds for use in future anticancer drug design.
The Effect of Sediment Type and pH-Adjustment on the Porewater Chemistry of Copper- and Zinc-Spiked Sediments
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-12-2009
Optimising methods for the recovery and quantification of di- and tripeptides in soil
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/SR17279
Abstract: Di- and tripeptides are intermediaries in the nitrogen cycle and are likely to have roles in the soil–microbe–plant continuum, but they have hitherto been difficult to measure in soils. To lay the base for future studies of oligopeptides in soil, we added 10 known di- and tripeptides with erse chemical properties to forest and agricultural soils and then recovered the peptides by means of induced diffusive fluxes using microdialysis, a minimally-intrusive soil s ling technique. The concentration of the peptides recovered with the probes was 25–39% (relative recovery) of the concentration in the external solution, and followed the same trend as previously observed for amino acids, with smaller peptides (e.g. Gly-Gly) recovered at a higher rate than larger ones (e.g. Tyr-Phe). After derivatisation with AccQ-Tag™, a standard method for amino acids, peptides were analysed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to quantify specific peptides with a short run time of 15 min and a detection limit of 0.01–0.02 pmol injected (0.005–0.01 pmol µL–1) for the different peptides. This methodology allowed successful analysis of all standard di- and tripeptides tested here. We conclude that microdialysis in combination with UHPLC-MS will allow measurement of plant-relevant fluxes of di- and tripeptides in undisturbed soil.
Adaptive defence and sensing responses of host plant roots to fungal pathogen attack revealed by transcriptome and metabolome analyses
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.14195
Abstract: Plant root‐produced constitutive and inducible defences inhibit pathogenic microorganisms within roots and in the rhizosphere. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying host responses during root‐pathogen interactions are largely unexplored. Using the model species Brachypodium distachyon ( Bd ), we studied transcriptional and metabolic responses altered in Bd roots following challenge with Fusarium graminearum ( Fg ), a fungal pathogen that causes diseases in erse organs of cereal crops. Shared gene expression patterns were found between Bd roots and spikes during Fg infection associated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Overexpression of BdMYB78 , an up‐regulated transcription factor, significantly increased root resistance during Fg infection. We show that Bd roots recognize encroaching Fg prior to physical contact by altering transcription of genes associated with multiple cellular processes such as reactive oxygen species and cell development. These changes coincide with altered levels of secreted host metabolites detected by an untargeted metabolomic approach. The secretion of Bd metabolites was suppressed by Fg as enhanced levels of defence‐associated metabolites were found in roots during pre‐contact with a Fg mutant defective in host perception and the ability to cause disease. Our results help to understand root defence strategies employed by plants, with potential implications for improving the resistance of cereal crops to soil pathogens.
Mangroves of China: a brief review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1997
Fatty acids as trophic tracers in an experimental estuarine food chain: Tracer transfer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Rapid Determination of Sequence Selectivity and Stability of Alkylated Oligonucleotide Adducts by Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/CH02205
Abstract: The binding of the antitumor antibiotics, duocarmycin C2 (pyrindamycin A), duocarmycin C1 (pyrindamycin B), hedamycin, and DC92-B to self complementary oligonucleotides (ranging from 6 to 14-mers) has been studied using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The duocarmycins bind via non-covalent interactions in the minor groove of DNA with subsequent alkylation of the N3 atom of adenine. Hedamycin and DC92-B are intercalating, alkylating agents that target the N7 of guanines within 5′-CGT, and to a lesser extent, 5′-CGG sequences. We show here that the site(s) of alkylation by these ligands are strongly influenced by the location of high affinity binding sites within these short oligonucleotides. These data clearly demonstrate value of using ESI-MS/MS to pre-screen ligand–oligonucleotide complexes prior to performing more detailed structural studies, since subtle selectivity differences have been detected by this technique that were not evident from conventional sequencing studies on larger segments of DNA.
The value of small mangrove patches
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 18-01-2019
Assessing the suitability of a non-lethal biopsy punch for sampling fish muscle tissue
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-05-2016
Early growth adaptability of four mangrove species under the canopy of an introduced mangrove plantation: Implications for restoration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Biomarkers and biosensors for the diagnosis of noncompliant pH, dark cutting beef predisposition, and welfare in cattle
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-03-2022
Abstract: Meat quality can be affected by stress, exhaustion, feed composition, and other physical and environmental conditions. These stressors can alter the pH in postmortem muscle, leading to high pH and low‐quality dark cutting (DC) beef, resulting in considerable economic loss. Moreover, the dark cutting prediction may equally provide a measure for animal welfare since it is directly related to animal stress. There are two needs to advance on‐site detection of dark cutters: (1) a clear indication that biomarker (signature compounds) levels in cattle correlate with stress and DC outcome and (2) measuring these biomarkers rapidly and accurately on‐farm or the abattoir, depending on the objectives. This critical review assesses which small molecules and proteins have been identified as potential biomarkers of stress and dark cutting in cattle. We discuss the potential of promising small molecule biomarkers, including catecholamine/cortisol metabolites, lactate, succinate, inosine, glucose, and β‐hydroxybutyrate, and we identify a clear research gap for proteomic biomarker discovery in live cattle. We also explore the potential of chemical‐sensing and biosensing technologies, including direct electrochemical detection improved through nanotechnology (e.g., carbon and gold nanostructures), surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics, and commercial hand‐held devices for small molecule detection. No current strategy exists to rapidly detect predictive meat quality biomarkers due to the need to further validate biomarkers and the fact that different biosensor types are needed to optimally detect different molecules. Nonetheless, several biomarker/biosensor combinations reported herein show excellent potential to enable the measurement of DC potential in live cattle.
Seeing the forest as well as the trees: An expert opinion approach to identifying holistic condition indicators for mangrove ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Quantification of Hordeins by ELISA: The Correct Standard Makes a Magnitude of Difference
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-02-2013
Comparison of ELISA and mass spectrometry determination of hordein content in 60 commercial beers.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-02-2013
Effect of temperature on spawning of Penaeus merguiensis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
Exposed proteins of the Schistosoma japonicum tegument
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2009.10.002
Abstract: The ability of the mammalian blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum to survive in the inhospitable environment of the mammalian bloodstream can be attributed, at least in part, to its host-exposed outer surface, called the tegument. The tegument is a dynamic organ and is involved in nutrition, immune evasion and modulation, excretion, osmoregulation and signal transduction. Given its importance for parasite survival, proteins exposed to the host at the surface of the tegument are ideal targets for the development of vaccines and drugs. By biotinylating live adult worms and using a combination of OFFGEL electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry 54 proteins were identified as putatively host-exposed in S. japonicum. These included glucose transport proteins, an amino permease, a leucine aminopeptidase and a range of transporters, heat shock proteins and novel immune-active proteins. Members of the tetraspanin protein family and a homologue of Sm 29, a tegument membrane protein from Schistosoma mansoni, both effective vaccine antigens in S. mansoni, were also identified. The fate of labelled surface proteins was monitored over time using electron microscopy and revealed that biotinylated proteins were rapidly internalised from the surface of the tegument and trafficked into the cytoplasmic bridges that connect the distal cytoplasm of the tegument to the underlying cell bodies. The results reported herein dramatically increase the number of S. japonicum proteins known to be exposed to the host and, hence, those of interest as therapeutic targets. The ability of the parasite to rapidly internalise proteins at its surface has implications for the development of vaccines and may explain how these parasites are able to avoid the host immune system for long periods of time.
Discovery, isolation, and structural characterization of cyclotides from Viola sumatrana Miq
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1002/BIP.22914
Abstract: Cyclotides are cyclic peptides from plants in the Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Solanaceae families. They are sparsely distributed in most of these families, but appear to be ubiquitous in the Violaceae, having been found in every plant so far screened from this family. However, not all geographic regions have been examined and here we report the discovery of cyclotides from a Viola species from South-East Asia. Two novel cyclotides (Visu 1 and Visu 2) and two known cyclotides (kalata S and kalata B1) were identified in V. sumatrana. NMR studies revealed that kalata S and kalata B1 had similar secondary structures. Their biological activities were determined in cytotoxicity assays both had similar cytotoxic activity and were more toxic to U87 cells compared with other cell lines. Overall, the study strongly supports the ubiquity of cyclotides in the Violaceae and adds to our understanding of their distribution and cytotoxic activity.
Temporal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of microalgal biomass in recently reclaimed intertidal flats of the Saemangeum area, Korea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Spatiotemporal variability in microphytobenthic primary production across bare intertidal flat, saltmarsh, and mangrove forest of Asia and Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
The analysis of gluten in beer and the impact of gluten minimisation treatments with prolylendopeptidase.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
Exploiting genomic data to identify proteins involved in abalone reproduction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2014.06.001
Abstract: Aside from their critical role in reproduction, abalone gonads serve as an indicator of sexual maturity and energy balance, two key considerations for effective abalone culture. Temperate abalone farmers face issues with tank restocking with highly marketable abalone owing to inefficient spawning induction methods. The identification of key proteins in sexually mature abalone will serve as the foundation for a greater understanding of reproductive biology. Addressing this knowledge gap is the first step towards improving abalone aquaculture methods. Proteomic profiling of female and male gonads of greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata, was undertaken using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Owing to the incomplete nature of abalone protein databases, in addition to searching against two publicly available databases, a custom database comprising genomic data was used. Overall, 162 and 110 proteins were identified in females and males respectively with 40 proteins common to both sexes. For proteins involved in sexual maturation, sperm and egg structure, motility, acrosomal reaction and fertilization, 23 were identified only in females, 18 only in males and 6 were common. Gene ontology analysis revealed clear differences between the female and male protein profiles reflecting a higher rate of protein synthesis in the ovary and higher metabolic activity in the testis. A comprehensive mass spectrometry-based analysis was performed to profile the abalone gonad proteome providing the foundation for future studies of reproduction in abalone. Key proteins involved in both reproduction and energy balance were identified. Genomic resources were utilised to build a database of molluscan proteins yielding >60% more protein identifications than in a standard workflow employing public protein databases.
Effects of artificial defoliation on growth, reproduction and leaf chemistry of the mangrove Kandelia candel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1017/S0266467403003444
Abstract: The effects of defoliation on leaf and propagule production, and leaf chemistry of the mangrove Kandelia candel (L.) Druce were evaluated in a manipulative experiment in Hong Kong. Artificial defoliation of leaf lamina at 50% of the length of midrib resulted in significant reduction in leaf, twig and propagule production, and size of the latter. Through the negative effects on propagule number and size, severe herbivory may influence fitness of the mangrove, and, thus, community structure. In contrast, no apparent adverse effects on growth and production were observable at 25% defoliation. Defoliation also significantly affected leaf chemistry of the trees, particularly those suffering 50% defoliation. Concentrations of soluble tannins and carbohydrates in leaves were significantly lower at 50% defoliation compared with the control. Total nitrogen also decreased significantly with increased per cent defoliation. Plants surviving in stressful habitats, such as mangroves, are probably more affected by loss of leaf biomass than those surviving in favourable environments.
Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression—incorporating overdispersion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-05-2013
Analysing persistent organic pollutants in eggs, blood and tissue of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-01-2009
Global proteomic profiling of the membrane compartment of bovine testis cell populations
Publisher: Proteomass Scientific Society
Date: 26-12-2013
Activation of several key components of the epidermal differentiation pathway in cattle following infestation with the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2010
Does You Are What You Eat' Apply to Mangrove Grapsid Crabs?
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-02-2014
Linking spatial metrics and fish catch reveals the importance of coastal wetland connectivity to inshore fisheries in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Fishes associated with artificial reefs: attributing changes to attraction or production using novel approaches
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2005
Mangroves give cause for conservation optimism, for now
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Molecular and functional characterisation of resilin across three insect orders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.IBMB.2011.08.002
Abstract: Resilin is an important elastomeric protein of insects, with roles in the storage and release of energy during a variety of different functional categories including flight and jumping. To date, resilin genes and protein function have been characterised only in a small number of flying insects, despite their importance in fleas and other jumping insects. Microscopy and immunostaining studies of resilin in flea demonstrate the presence of resilin pads in the pleural arch at the top of the hind legs, a region responsible for the flea's jumping ability. A degenerate primer approach was used to lify resilin gene transcripts from total RNA isolated from flea (Ctenocephalides felis), buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) and dragonfly (Aeshna sp.) pharate adults, and full-length transcripts were successfully isolated. Two isoforms (A and B) were lified from each of flea and buffalo fly, and isoform B only in dragonfly. Flea and buffalo fly isoform B transcripts were expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system, yielding soluble recombinant proteins Cf-resB and Hi-resB respectively. Protein structure and mechanical properties of each protein before and after crosslinking were assessed. This study shows that resilin gene and protein sequences are broadly conserved and that crosslinked recombinant resilin proteins share similar mechanical properties from flying to jumping insects. A combined use of degenerate primers and polyclonal sera will likely facilitate characterisation of resilin genes from other insect and invertebrate orders.
How Healthy Are Non-Traditional Dietary Proteins? The Effect of Diverse Protein Foods on Biomarkers of Human Health
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-02-2022
Abstract: Future food security for healthy populations requires the development of safe, sustainably-produced protein foods to complement traditional dietary protein sources. To meet this need, a broad range of non-traditional protein foods are under active investigation. The aim of this review was to evaluate their potential effects on human health and to identify knowledge gaps, potential risks, and research opportunities. Non-traditional protein sources included are algae, cereals/grains, fresh fruit and vegetables, insects, mycoprotein, nuts, oil seeds, and legumes. Human, animal, and in vitro data suggest that non-traditional protein foods have compelling beneficial effects on human health, complementing traditional proteins (meat oultry, soy, eggs, dairy). Improvements in cardiovascular health, lipid metabolism, muscle synthesis, and glycaemic control were the most frequently reported improvements in health-related endpoints. The mechanisms of benefit may arise from their erse range of minerals, macro- and micronutrients, dietary fibre, and bioactive factors. Many were also reported to have anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antioxidant activity. Across all protein sources examined, there is a strong need for quality human data from randomized controlled intervention studies. Opportunity lies in further understanding the potential effects of non-traditional proteins on the gut microbiome, immunity, inflammatory conditions, DNA damage, cognition, and cellular ageing. Safety, sustainability, and evidence-based health research will be vital to the development of high-quality complementary protein foods that enhance human health at all life stages.
Contrasting effects of habitat complexity and connectivity on biodiversity in seagrass meadows
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2017
Carbon dynamics of Deep Bay, eastern Pearl River estuary, China. II: Trophic relationship based on carbon- and nitrogen-stable isotopes
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS205001
In vitrotransport and satiety of a beta-lactoglobulin dipeptide and beta-casomorphin-7 and its metabolites
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4FO00164H
Abstract: In vitro transport of β-CM7 occurs through rapid hydrolysis into three peptide metabolites that transport at variable rates.
Greenlip Abalone (Haliotis laevigata) Genome and Protein Analysis Provides Insights into Maturation and Spawning.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2019
Abstract: Wild abalone (Family Haliotidae) populations have been severely affected by commercial fishing, poaching, anthropogenic pollution, environment and climate changes. These issues have stimulated an increase in aquaculture production however production growth has been slow due to a lack of genetic knowledge and resources. We have sequenced a draft genome for the commercially important temperate Australian ‘greenlip’ abalone (Haliotis laevigata, Donovan 1808) and generated 11 tissue transcriptomes from a female adult abalone. Phylogenetic analysis of the greenlip abalone with reference to the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) indicates that these abalone species erged approximately 71 million years ago. This study presents an in-depth analysis into the features of reproductive dysfunction, where we provide the putative biochemical messenger components (neuropeptides) that may regulate reproduction including gonad maturation and spawning. Indeed, we isolate the egg-laying hormone neuropeptide and under trial conditions induce spawning at 80% efficiency. Altogether, we provide a solid platform for further studies aimed at stimulating advances in abalone aquaculture production. The H. laevigata genome and resources are made available to the public on the abalone ‘omics website, abalonedb.org.
Investigating the distribution and sources of organic matter in surface sediment of Coombabah Lake (Australia) using elemental, isotopic and fatty acid biomarkers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
Challenges in mass spectrometry-based quantification of bioactive peptides: A case study exploring the neuropeptide Y family
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1002/BIP.22109
Abstract: The study of biologically active peptides is critical to the understanding of physiological pathways, especially those involved in the development of disease. Historically, the measurement of biologically active endogenous peptides has been undertaken by radioimmunoassay, a highly sensitive and robust technique that permits the detection of physiological concentrations in different biofluid and tissue extracts. Over recent years, a range of mass spectrometric approaches have been applied to peptide quantification with limited degrees of success. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) belong to the NPY family exhibiting regulatory effects on appetite and feeding behavior. The physiological significance of these peptides depends on their molecular forms and in vivo concentrations systemically and at local sites within tissues. In this report, we describe an approach for quantification of in idual peptides within mixtures using high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the NPY family peptides. Aspects of quantification including s le preparation, the use of matrix-matched calibration curves, and internal standards will be discussed. This method for the simultaneous determination of NPY, PYY, and PP was accurate and reproducible but lacks the sensitivity required for measurement of their endogenous concentration in plasma. The advantages of mass spectrometric quantification will be discussed alongside the current obstacles and challenges.
Proteomic analysis of the abomasal mucosal response following infection by the nematode, Haemonchus contortus, in genetically resistant and susceptible sheep
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2012.01.016
Abstract: Sheep have a variable ability to resist gastrointestinal nematode infection, but the key factors mediating this response are poorly defined. Here we report the first large-scale application of quantitative proteomic technologies to define proteins that are differentially abundant between sheep selectively bred to have an enhanced (resistant) or reduced (susceptible) ability to eliminate nematodes. S les were collected from the abomasal mucosa three days after experimental challenge with the nematode, Haemonchus contortus. This timing reflects the initial interaction of host and parasite, and the tissue represents the immediate interface. We identified and quantified more than 4400 unique proteins, of which 158 proteins showed >1.5 fold difference between the resistant and susceptible sheep. Trefoil factor 2, a member of RAS oncogene family (RAP1A) and ring finger protein 126 were amongst the proteins found to be highly abundant in the abomasal surface of resistant sheep, whereas adenosine deaminase and the gastrokine-3 like precursor were found at higher levels in susceptible sheep. Construction of gut proteome interaction networks identified mitochondrial function and energetic partitioning as important components of an effective nematode eliminating response. The differentially abundant proteins may be useful targets for phenotypic tests that aim to identify sheep with an enhanced ability to resist nematode infection.
Proteome Changes Resulting from Malting in Hordein-Reduced Barley Lines
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-09-2023
The role of root decomposition in global mangrove and saltmarsh carbon budgets
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Organic matter exchange and cycling in mangrove ecosystems: Recent insights from stable isotope studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Mangrove macrobenthos: Assemblages, services, and linkages
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Optimising Seagrass Conservation for Ecological Functions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2019
The biological activity of the prototypic cyclotide Kalata B1 is modulated by the formation of multimeric pores
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Neuropeptide profiling of the bovine hypothalamus: Thermal stabilization is an effective tool in inhibiting post-mortem degradation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-02-2011
Abstract: The hypothalamus is the central regulatory region of the brain that links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. It synthesizes and secretes neuropeptide hormones, which in turn act to stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones. We have undertaken a detailed MS investigation of the peptides present in the bovine hypothalamus by adapting a novel heat stabilization methodology, which improved peptide discovery to direct our studies into the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine reproduction. The untreated s les contained large numbers of protein degradation products that interfered with the analysis of the neuropeptides. In the thermally stabilized s les, we were able to identify many more neuropeptides that are known to be expressed in the bovine hypothalamus. Furthermore, we have characterized a range of post-translational modifications that indicate the presence of processed intact mature neuropeptides in the stabilized tissue s les, whereas we detected many trimmed or truncated peptides resulting from post-mortem degradation in the untreated tissue s les. Altogether, using an optimized workflow, we were able to identify 140 candidate neuropeptides. We also nominate six new candidate neuropeptides derived from proSAAS, secretogranin-2 and proTRH.
Physical oceanographic processes affecting catchability of spanner crab (Ranina ranina)-A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
The imprinted retrotransposon-like gene PEG11 (RTL1) is expressed as a full-length protein in skeletal muscle from Callipyge sheep.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-01-2010
Identification and Quantitation of Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors Across Cultivars Representing the Diversity of Bread Wheat
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-04-2020
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JPROTEOME.0C00059
Abstract: α-Amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) may have a role in nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) and celiac disease (CD), but the ATI content and ersity across a range of wheat cultivars are not well characterized. Discovery proteomics was used to detect ATIs across two wheat cultivars: Chara and Magenta. Comprehensive mapping of detected ATIs with the ATIs from the recently published wheat genome RefSeq v1.0 shows the presence of three major subclasses: monomeric (9%), dimeric (61%), and chloroform-methanol (CM) type (30%). Subsequently, the level of 18 ATI isoforms (63 peptides) grouped into four subtypes was monitored across 15 commercial wheat cultivars and the eight parental lines from a multiparent advanced-generation intercross (MAGIC) population using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS). The ATI content of wheat cultivars Janz, Sunvale, Diamond Bird, and Longreach Scout was significantly lower than that of other wheat cultivars. The MAGIC parental cultivars Baxter and Xiaoyan 54 contain higher levels (∼115% relative to the average wheat ATI content), whereas cultivar Pastor contained the lowest levels (∼87%). Comprehensive sequence analysis, annotation, chromosomal locations, and epitope mapping enabled us to build an LC-MRM-MS method to monitor and quantify the immunostimulatory ATI proteins potentially related to NCWS, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. This provides an opportunity to select wheat cultivars with significantly lower levels of ATIs.
The effect of manipulating sediment pH on the porewater chemistry of copper- and zinc-spiked sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Neuropeptidome of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of indicine x taurine heifers: evidence of differential neuropeptide processing in the pituitary gland before and after puberty
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-03-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JPROTEOME.7B00875
Abstract: Puberty in cattle is regulated by an endocrine axis, which includes a complex milieu of neuropeptides in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The neuropeptidome of hypothalamic-pituitary gland tissue of pre- (PRE) and postpubertal (POST) Bos indicus-influenced heifers was characterized, followed by quantitative analysis of 51 fertility-related neuropeptides in these tissues. Comparison of peptide abundances with gene expression levels allowed assessment of post-transcriptional peptide processing. On the basis of classical cleavage, 124 mature neuropeptides from 35 precursor proteins were detected in hypothalamus and pituitary gland tissues of three PRE and three POST Brangus heifers. An additional 19 peptides (cerebellins, PEN peptides) previously reported as neuropeptides that did not follow classical cleavage were also identified. In the pre-pubertal hypothalamus, a greater ersity of neuropeptides (25.8%) was identified relative to post-pubertal heifers, while in the pituitary gland, 38.6% more neuropeptides were detected in the post-pubertal heifers. Neuro-tissues of PRE and POST heifers revealed abundance differences ( p < 0.05) in peptides from protein precursors involved in packaging and processing (e.g., the granin family and ProSAAS) or neuron stimulation (PENK, CART, POMC, cerebellins). On their own, the transcriptome data of the precursor genes could not predict the neuropeptide profile in the exact same tissues in several cases. This provides further evidence of the importance of differential processing of the neuropeptide precursors in the pituitary before and after puberty.
Endogenous cellulase production in the leaf litter foraging mangrove crab Parasesarma erythodactyla
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Potential trophic importance of the faecal material of the mangrove sesarmine crab Sesarma messa
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS159275
Neuropeptidomics applied to studies of mammalian reproduction
Publisher: Portico
Date: 2014
Low Gluten Beers Contain Variable Gluten and Immunogenic Epitope Content
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-08-2023
Abstract: Gluten content labels inform food choice and people practicing a gluten-free diet rely upon them to avoid illness. The regulations differ between jurisdictions, especially concerning fermented foodstuffs such as beer. Gluten abundance is typically measured using ELISAs, which have come into question when testing fermented or hydrolysed foodstuffs such as beer. Mass spectrometry can be used to directly identify gluten peptides and reveal false negatives recorded by ELISA. In this survey of gluten in control and gluten-free beers, gluten protein fragments that contain known immunogenic epitopes were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in multiple beers that claim to be gluten-free and have sufficiently low gluten content, as measured by ELISA, to qualify as being gluten-free in some jurisdictions. In fact, several purportedly gluten-free beers showed equivalent or higher hordein content than some of the untreated, control beers. The shortcomings of ELISAs for beer gluten testing are summarised, the mismatch between ELISA and mass spectrometry results are explored, and the suitability of existing regulations as they pertain to the gluten content in fermented foods in different jurisdictions are discussed.
Food for thought: Selecting the right enzyme for the digestion of gluten
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2017.05.008
Abstract: Gluten describes a complex mixture of proteins found in wheat, rye, barley and oats that pose a health risk to people affected by conditions such as coeliac disease and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity. Complete digestion of gluten proteins is of critical importance during quantitative analysis. To this end, chymotrypsin was investigated for its ability to efficiently and reproducibly digest specific classes of gluten in barley. Using proteomics a chymotryptic peptide marker panel was elucidated and subjected to relative quantification using LC-MRM-MS. Thorough investigation of peptide markers revealed robust and reproducible quantification with CVs <15% was possible, however a greater proportion of non-specific cleavage variants were observed relative to trypsin. The selected peptide markers were assessed to ensure their efficient liberation from their parent proteins. While trypsin remains the preferred enzyme for quantification of the avenin-like A proteins, the B-, D- and γ-hordeins, chymotrypsin was the enzyme of choice for the C-hordeins.
Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: a reassessment
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-03-2014
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12155
Wheat avoidance, gluten diagnostics, and novel gluten-free foods.
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 26-12-2013
Integrative Proteomic Analysis of Digestive Tract Glycosidases from the Invasive Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-07-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.JPROTEOME.9B00282
Abstract: The freshwater snail
Secure Food-Allergen Determination by Combining Smartphone-Based Raw Image Analyses and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Proteins Contained in Lateral Flow Assays
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-11-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.2C03000
Abstract: The current food safety testing system, based on laboratory-based quantification, is difficult to scale up in line with the growth in the export market and does not enable traceability through the nodes of the food supply system. Screening assays, for ex le, lateral flow assays (LFAs), can improve traceability but often lack the required reliability to guarantee compliance. Here, we present an alternative pipeline for secure on-site compliance testing, using allergens as a case study. The pipeline features smartphone-driven LFA quantification and an liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method enabling direct quantification of the allergens contained in the LFA. The system enables swift and objective screening and provides a control measure to verify LFA assay reliability. For the smartphone assay, 8-bit RGB and grayscale colorimetric channels were compared with 16-bit raw intensity values. The latter outperformed RGB and grayscale channels in sensitivity, repeatability, and precision, while ratiometric ambient light correction resulted in excellent robustness for light-intensity variation. Calibration curves for peanut determination using two commercial LFAs featured excellent analytical parameters (
Cyclotides: Natural, circular plant peptides that possess significant activity against gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-04-2008
DOI: 10.1021/BI800223Y
Abstract: The cyclotides are a novel family of backbone-cyclized cystine-knot containing peptides from plants that have been shown to possess insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa larvae, an important pest of corn and cotton. In the current study, we investigated the in vitro effects of the cyclotides on the viability of egg, larval, and adult life stages of two species of economically important gastrointestinal nematode parasites of livestock, Hemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The cyclotides showed significant activity in inhibiting development of nematode larvae and motility of adult worms. Activities were comparable to some currently used anthelmintic compounds in these in vitro assay systems. A series of alanine mutants of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 were assayed against larvae to determine regions of the peptide responsible for activity. It was observed that anthelmintic activity was dramatically reduced as a consequence of the mutation of a large number of residues that are found clustered on one surface. Activities toward larvae were equivalent in the naturally occurring L-isomer of kalata B1 and a synthetic all-D-isomer, indicating that there is no chiral requirement for anthelmintic activity. The clustering of important residues and the lack of chiral selectivity further support the proposed mode of action of the cyclotides, which involves a membrane-based interaction rather than an interaction at a specific receptor. The cyclotide-induced leakage of a fluorescent dye from vesicles used as a model membrane mimetic further confirms the membrane lytic ability of cyclotides. The relative potency of kalata B1 and kalata B2 in causing membrane leakage is consistent with the order of their anthelmintic activity. These results demonstrate that the cyclotides show potential for use in the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites.
Cyclotides associate with leaf vasculature and are the products of a novel precursor in Petunia (Solanaceae)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Annual cycle of biomass of a threatened population of the intertidal seagrass Zostera japonica in Hong Kong
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-1997
Updated estimates of carbon accumulation rates in coastal marsh sediments
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-09-2014
Abstract: Abstract. Studies on carbon stock in salt marsh sediments have increased since the review by Chmura et al. (2003). However, uncertainties exist in estimating global carbon storage in these vulnerable coastal habitats, thus hindering the assessment of their importance. Combining direct data and indirect estimation, this study compiled studies involving 143 sites across the Southern and Northern hemispheres, and provides an updated estimate of the global average carbon accumulation rate (CAR) at 244.7 g C m−2 yr−1 in salt marsh sediments. Based on region-specific CAR and estimates of salt marsh area in various geographic regions between 40° S to 69.7° N, total CAR in global salt marsh sediments is estimated at ~10.2 Tg C yr−1. Latitude, tidal range and elevation appear to be important drivers for CAR of salt marsh sediments, with considerable variation among different biogeographic regions. The data indicate that while the capacity for carbon sequestration by salt marsh sediments ranked the first amongst coastal wetland and forested terrestrial ecosystems, their carbon budget was the smallest due to their limited and declining global areal extent. However, some uncertainties remain for our global estimate owing to limited data availability.
Engineering α-amylase levels in wheat grain suggests a highly sophisticated level of carbohydrate regulation during development.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-07-2014
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERU299
From blue to black: Anthropogenic forcing of carbon and nitrogen influx to mangrove-lined estuaries in the South China Sea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Comparing Multiple Reaction Monitoring and Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra for the Relative Quantification of Barley Gluten in Selectively Bred Barley Lines
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-08-2016
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.6B02108
Abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a disease of the small intestine that occurs in genetically susceptible subjects triggered by the ingestion of cereal gluten proteins for which the only treatment is strict adherence to a life-long gluten-free diet. Barley contains four gluten protein families, and the existence of barley genotypes that do not accumulate the B-, C-, and D-hordeins paved the way for the development of an ultralow gluten phenotype. Using conventional breeding strategies, three null mutations behaving as recessive alleles were combined to create a hordein triple-null barley variety. Proteomics has become an invaluable tool for characterization and quantification of the protein complement of cereal grains. In this study multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry, viewed as the gold standard for peptide quantification, was compared to the data-independent acquisition strategy known as SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra). SWATH-MS was comparable (p < 0.001) to MRM-MS for 32/33 peptides assessed across the four families of hordeins (gluten) in eight barley lines. The results of SWATH-MS analysis further confirmed the absence of the B-, C-, and D-hordeins in the triple-null barley line and showed significantly reduced levels ranging from <1% to 16% relative to wild-type (WT) cv Sloop for the minor γ-hordein class. SWATH-MS represents a valuable tool for quantitative proteomics based on its ability to generate reproducible data comparable with MRM-MS, but has the added benefits of allowing reinterrogation of data to improve analytical performance, ask new questions, and in this case perform quantification of trypsin-resistant proteins (C-hordeins) through analysis of their semi- or nontryptic fragments.
Proteome Phenotypes Discriminate the Growing Location and Malting Traits in Field-Grown Barley
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-08-2022
Effect of rainfall as a component of climate change on estuarine fish production in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
Appearance can be deceptive: shrubby native mangrove species contributes more to soil carbon sequestration than fast-growing exotic species
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2018
Habitat use by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting in Peninsular Malaysia: local and regional conservation implications
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/WR09099
Abstract: Context. Many green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations are declining worldwide owing to their susceptibility to human impacts in the marine environment. Identifying the habitats used throughout different lifecycle stages is therefore important for managing the interactions between turtles and humans. Aims. To identify the habitat utilisation of a C. mydas nesting population in Peninsular Malaysia during breeding, inter-nesting, migration and foraging lifecycle stages. Methods. Satellite telemetry was used to track the movement of three C. mydas nesting females and one adult male from the Ma’Daerah rookery (Peninsular Malaysia). Key results.The male and female turtles remained within 30 km of the nesting beach during the breeding and inter-nesting periods, which includes habitat beyond the ‘no trawl zone’ designed to protect turtles in this area. Following the breeding season, the tracked turtles migrated up to 1955 km to four different foraging grounds in Vietnam, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo Malaysia. During foraging, turtles occupied areas threatened by human activities such as fishing and pollution. Conclusions. The habitats used by the Ma’Daerah C. mydas population during breeding are outside current local protection zones and extend into unprotected international waters during migration and foraging. Implications. Identification of habitats used by C. mydas populations is a critical element of management and conservation of this endangered, migratory species. Our study highlights the need to increase offshore protection around Ma’Daerah during the nesting season. Furthermore, this study has identified the countries within South-east Asia that Malaysia must cooperate with to ensure effective management of this C. mydas population. This information is particularly relevant to sea turtle conservation and management in regions like South-east Asia, where many coastal countries occupy a small geographical area.
Anti-HIV Cyclotides from the Chinese Medicinal Herb Viola yedoensis
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-12-2007
DOI: 10.1021/NP070393G
Observations on growth, sexual maturity and spawning performance of pond-reared Penaeus merguiensis
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-08-2002
Multi-Omics Strategies for Decoding Smoke-Assisted Germination Pathways and Seed Vigour
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS21207512
Abstract: The success of seed germination and the successful establishment of seedlings across erse environmental conditions depends on seed vigour, which is of both economic and ecologic importance. The smoke-derived exogenous compound karrikins (KARs) and the endogenous plant hormone strigolactone (SL) are two classes of butanolide-containing molecules that follow highly similar signalling pathways to control erse biological activities in plants. Unravelling the precise mode-of-action of these two classes of molecules in model species has been a key research objective. However, the specific and dynamic expression of biomolecules upon stimulation by these signalling molecules remains largely unknown. Genomic and post-genomic profiling approaches have enabled mining and association studies across the vast genetic ersity and phenotypic plasticity. Here, we review the background of smoke-assisted germination and vigour and the current knowledge of how plants perceive KAR and SL signalling and initiate the crosstalk with the germination-associated hormone pathways. The recent advancement of ‘multi-omics’ applications are discussed in the context of KAR signalling and with relevance to their adoption for superior agronomic trait development. The remaining challenges and future opportunities for integrating multi-omics datasets associated with their application in KAR-dependent seed germination and abiotic stress tolerance are also discussed.
The management of traditional tidal ponds for aquaculture and wildlife conservation in Southeast Asia: Problems and prospects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
Thermal, Chemical, and Enzymatic Stability of the Cyclotide Kalata B1: The Importance of the Cyclic Cystine Knot
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-2004
DOI: 10.1021/BI049711Q
Abstract: The cyclotides constitute a recently discovered family of plant-derived peptides that have the unusual features of a head-to-tail cyclized backbone and a cystine knot core. These features are thought to contribute to their exceptional stability, as qualitatively observed during experiments aimed at sequencing and characterizing early members of the family. However, to date there has been no quantitative study of the thermal, chemical, or enzymatic stability of the cyclotides. In this study, we demonstrate the stability of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 to the chaotropic agents 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl) and 8 M urea, to temperatures approaching boiling, to acid, and following incubation with a range of proteases, conditions under which most proteins readily unfold. NMR spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the thermal stability, while fluorescence and circular dichroism were used to monitor the chemical stability. Several variants of kalata B1 were also examined, including kalata B2, which has five amino acid substitutions from B1, two acyclic permutants in which the backbone was broken but the cystine knot was retained, and a two-disulfide bond mutant. Together, these allowed determinations of the relative roles of the cystine knot and the circular backbone on the stability of the cyclotides. Addition of a denaturant to kalata B1 or an acyclic permutant did not cause unfolding, but the two-disulfide derivative was less stable, despite having a similar three-dimensional structure. It appears that the cystine knot is more important than the circular backbone in the chemical stability of the cyclotides. Furthermore, the cystine knot of the cyclotides is more stable than those in similar-sized molecules, judging by a comparison with the conotoxin PVIIA. There was no evidence for enzymatic digestion of native kalata B1 as monitored by LC-MS, but the reduced form was susceptible to proteolysis by trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, and thermolysin. Fluorescence spectra of kalata B1 in the presence of dithiothreitol, a reducing agent, showed a marked increase in intensity thought to be due to removal of the quenching effect on the Trp residue by the neighboring Cys5-Cys17 disulfide bond. In general, the reduced peptides were significantly more susceptible to chemical or enzymatic breakdown than the oxidized species.
Chela Height is an Acceptable Indicator of Chela strength in Carcinus Maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyura)
Publisher: Brill
Date: 1993
Optimisation of protein extraction for in-depth profiling of the cereal grain proteome
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2019.02.009
Abstract: Cereal grain proteomics can provide valuable information regarding plant growth, nutritional status, adaptation to environmental stresses, and the role that grain proteins play in health disorders, such as coeliac disease. In this study liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to compare the barley proteome after extraction using seven protocols, with and without defatting and protein precipitation steps that aimed to remove interfering secondary metabolites. Tris-HCl and urea buffers yielded 1405 and 1483 proteins (~79% overlap) from barley (cv Sloop). Inclusion of a pre-extraction defatting step yielded 1336 (Tris-HCl) and 1286 (urea) proteins (~74% overlap). Whilst post-extraction TCA/acetone protein precipitation negatively impacted protein recovery, yielding 673 (Tris-HCl) and 734 (urea) proteins. Alcohol-based extraction yielded a lower number of proteins (645), but notably this extraction method co-extracted and enriched the gluten and α-amylase trypsin inhibitors. Based on these preliminary results, proteins were extracted from two selected cultivars of wheat, rye, barley and oats using three extraction protocols. Bioinformatic analyses of the identified proteins provide evidence that the choice of extraction buffer enriches different protein functional classes. The selection of the protein extraction protocol directly influences the identified cereal grain proteome composition, thus affecting the downstream biological interpretation of data. SIGNIFICANCE: LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis revealed that both Tris-HCl and urea-based extraction yielded a similar suite of proteins from cereal grains with remarkable (70-80%) overlap. Yet the peptides derived from the proteins differed, rendering these extraction buffers complementary, in particular resulting in improved protein sequence coverage. The inclusion of commonly incorporated practices, such as pre-extraction defatting or post-extraction precipitation steps offered no benefit. The extraction method selected was noted to impact the downstream functional annotation results and biological interpretation.
Identification of crotonyl glycine in sheep urine of sheep subjected to 48 h road transport using RP-HPLC, NMR and ESI-MS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPBA.2012.04.028
Abstract: Thousands of metabolites are excreted in urine, and potentially can be detected in NMR spectra. Currently, NMR spectral information for about one thousand metabolites has been deposited in publicly available sources, limiting the identification of chemical compounds that are potential biomarkers for clinical and subclinical applications. This study reports the identification of crotonyl glycine, one of the key metabolites detected by ¹H NMR as excreted in the urine of sheep after 48 h road transport and during the subsequent 72 h recovery period. This metabolite was important in separating the metabolic responses as expressed in the urine from animals undergoing shorter road transport treatments. At the time of the metabonomic analysis, the NMR signals from this metabolite were designated as unassigned as no match was found in public databases or the literature. Selected sheep urine s les containing the metabolite were resolved by reversed phase HPLC reducing the s le complexity. Subsequent ¹H NMR spectra of the collected fractions revealed that the unknown metabolite was present in a single HPLC fraction. High-resolution 1D and 2D ¹H NMR spectra of this fraction followed by mass determination of the parent ion and its fragments by nanoESI-TOF-MS/MS revealed the identity of the compound as crotonyl glycine (N-but-(E)-2-enoyl glycine). The HPLC fraction was subsequently spiked with synthetic crotonyl glycine which confirmed identification.
Identification and structural characterization of novel cyclotide with activity against an insect pest of sugar cane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Lysine-scanning mutagenesis reveals an amendable face of the cyclotide kalata B1 for the optimization of nematocidal activity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Maturation and spawning performance of pond-reared Penaeus merguiensis in different combinations of temperature, light intensity and photoperiod
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 12-2002
Membrane Interactions and the Formation of Multimeric Pores by Cyclotides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Environmental indices for spanner crab (Ranina ranina) catch rates depend on regional oceanographic features
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Algal seasonality on an exposed rocky shore in Hong Kong and the dietary implications for the herbivorous crab Grapsus albolineatus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1996
DOI: 10.1007/BF00350760
A Comparison of Gluten Extraction Protocols Assessed by LC-MS/MS Analysis.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-03-2017
Abstract: The efficiency of gluten extraction is of critical importance to the results derived from any analytical method for gluten detection and quantitation, whether it employs reagent-based technology (antibodies) or analytical instrumentation (mass spectrometry). If the target proteins are not efficiently extracted, the end result will be an under-estimation in the gluten content posing a health risk to people affected by conditions such as celiac disease (CD) and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Five different extraction protocols were investigated using LC-MRM-MS for their ability to efficiently and reproducibly extract gluten. The rapid and simple "IPA/DTT" protocol and related "two-step" protocol were enriched for gluten proteins, 55/86% (trypsin/chymotrypsin) and 41/68% of all protein identifications, respectively, with both methods showing high reproducibility (CV < 15%). When using multistep protocols, it was critical to examine all fractions, as coextraction of proteins occurred across fractions, with significant levels of proteins existing in unexpected fractions and not all proteins within a particular gluten class behaving the same.
Species choice in mangrove reforestation may influence the quantity and quality of long-term carbon sequestration and storage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Lysine-rich Cyclotides: A New Subclass of Circular Knotted Proteins from Violaceae
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-09-2015
DOI: 10.1021/ACSCHEMBIO.5B00454
Abstract: Cyclotides are macrocyclic proteins produced by plants for host defense. Although they occur sparsely in other plant families, cyclotides have been detected in every Violaceae plant species so far screened. Many of the Violaceae species examined until now have been from closely related geographical regions or habitats. To test the hypothesis that cyclotides are ubiquitous in this family, two geographically isolated (and critically endangered) species of Australasian Violaceae, namely Melicytus chathamicus and M. latifolius, were examined. Surprisingly, we discovered a suite of cyclotides possessing novel sequence features, including a lysine-rich nature, distinguishing them from "conventional" cyclotides and suggesting that they might have different physiological activities in plants to those reported to date. The newly discovered cyclotides were found to bind to lipid membranes and were cytotoxic against cancer cell lines but had low toxicity against red blood cells, which is advantageous for potential therapeutic applications. This suite of novel Lys-rich cyclotides emphasizes the broad ersity of cyclotides in Violaceae species.
Multiple Reaction Monitoring for the Accurate Quantification of Amino Acids: Using Hydroxyproline to Estimate Collagen Content
Publisher: Humana Press
Date: 30-10-2011
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-445-2_23
Abstract: Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry may be regarded as the gold standard methodology for quantitative mass spectrometry and has been adopted for the analysis of small molecules especially within the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be applied to the analysis of peptides and proteins and to the measurement of the basic building blocks of proteins, amino acids. Here, we describe the application of MRM mass spectrometry to the measurement of hydroxyproline after acid hydrolysis of various animal tissues. We show that the measurement of hydroxyproline provides an accurate and reliable estimate of the collagen content of such tissues and may be a useful indicator of meat tenderness.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SESARMINAE CRABS CHIROMANTHES SPP AND INUNDATION FREQUENCY ON MANGROVE (KANDELIA-CANDEL (L) DRUCE) LEAF LITTER TURNOVER IN A HONG-KONG TIDAL SHRIMP POND
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1989
Adult-juvenile interactions in the crabs Sesarma (Perisesarma) bidens and S (Holometopus) dehaani (Decapoda : Grapsidae) from intertidal mangrove habitats in Hong Kong
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1999
Growth and Reproduction of Double-Ended Pipefish, Syngnathoides biaculeatus, in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2003
Utilizing the Food-Pathogen Metabolome to Putatively Identify Biomarkers for the Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) from Spinach
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-01-2021
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202101.0209.V1
Abstract: Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne disease globally with many outbreaks linked to the consumption of contaminated foods such as leafy greens. Existing methods for STEC detection and isolation are time-consuming. Rapid methods may assist in preventing contaminated products from reaching consumers. This proof-of-concept study aimed to determine if a metabolomics approach could be used to detect STEC contamination in spinach. Using untargeted metabolic profiling, the bacterial pellets and supernatants arising from bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments were investigated for the presence of unique metabolites that enabled categorization of three E. coli risk groups. A total of 109 and 471 metabolite features were identified in bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments, respectively. Supervised OPLS-DA analysis demonstrated clear dis-crimination between bacterial enrichments containing different risk groups. Further analysis of the spinach enrichments determined that pathogen risk groups 1 and 2 could be easily discriminated from the other groups, though some clustering of risk groups 1 and 2 was observed, likely representing their genomic similarity. Biomarker discovery identified metabolites that were significantly associated with risk groups and may be appropriate targets for potential biosensor development. This study has confirmed that metabolomics can be used to identify the presence of pathogenic E. coli likely to be implicated in human disease.
The Mangrove Ecosystem
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Ovarian maturation of the banana prawn, Penaeus merguiensis de man under different light intensities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2002
Gluten reduction strategies for wheat and barley
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 2018
Photochemical crosslinking of soluble wool keratins produces a mechanically stable biomaterial that supports cell adhesion and proliferation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2010
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.32913
Abstract: Keratins extracted from various "hard tissues" such as wool, hair, and nails are increasingly being investigated as a source of abundant, biocompatible materials. In this study we explored a recent photochemical method to crosslink solubilized wool keratoses, with the aim of producing a mechanically favorable biomaterial. Wool proteins were isolated by oxidizing the disulfides and extracting the resulting soluble keratoses. The α- and γ-keratose fractions were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify their constituent proteins. Hydrogels were produced by covalent crosslinking of the α-keratoses via a photo-oxidative process catalyzed by blue light, a ruthenium complex, and persulfate. The presence of dityrosine crosslinks was demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses. The crosslinked α-keratose material had moderate tensile strength and elasticity, and high adhesive strength. The material displayed modest shrinking after crosslinking, however the shrinking could be prevented by crosslinking in the presence of 2.5% glycerol, resulting in gels that did not shrink or swell. Small solutes such as Tris and glycerol influenced the crosslink density and elastic modulus of the crosslinked material. The α-keratose was able to support adhesion and growth of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in vitro. The fabrication of mechanically stable keratin biomaterials by this facile photo-crosslinking method may be useful for various tissue engineering applications.
Sialic acid modification of adiponectin is not required for multimerization or secretion but determines half-life in circulation
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1210/ME.2009-0133
Abstract: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted, insulin-sensitizing hormone the circulating levels of which are reduced in conditions of insulin resistance and diabetes. Previous work has demonstrated the importance of posttranslational modifications, such as proline hydroxylation and lysine hydroxylation/glycosylation, in adiponectin oligomerization, secretion, and function. Here we describe the first functional characterization of adiponectin sialylation. Using a variety of biochemical approaches we demonstrated that sialylation occurs on previously unidentified O-linked glycans on Thr residues of the variable domain in human adiponectin. Enzymatic removal of sialic acid or its underlying O-linked sugars did not affect adiponectin multimer composition. Expression of mutant forms of adiponectin (lacking the modified Thr residues) or of wild-type adiponectin in cells defective in sialylation did not compromise multimer formation or secretion, arguing against a structural role for this modification. Activity of desialylated adiponectin was comparable to control adiponectin in L6 myotubes and acute assays in adiponectin−/− mice. In contrast, plasma clearance of desialylated adiponectin was accelerated compared with that of control adiponectin, implicating a role for this modification in determining the half-life of circulating adiponectin. Uptake of desialylated adiponectin by isolated primary rat hepatocytes was also accelerated, suggesting a role for the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. Finally, after chronic administration in adiponectin−/− mice steady-state levels of desialylated adiponectin were lower than control adiponectin and failed to recapitulate the improvements in glucose and insulin tolerance tests observed with control adiponectin. These data suggest an important role for sialic acid content in the regulation of circulating adiponectin levels and highlight the importance of understanding mechanisms regulating adiponectin sialylation/desialylation.
Anthelmintic activity of cyclotides: In vitro studies with canine and human hookworms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTATROPICA.2008.11.003
Abstract: Hookworm infection is a leading cause of maternal and child morbidity in countries of the tropics and subtropics, as well as being an important parasite in companion-animal medicine. The cyclotides are a novel family of cyclic cystine knot containing peptides from plants that have been shown to possess anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. In the current study we demonstrated the in vitro effects of three representative cyclotides, kalata B1, kalata B6 and cycloviolacin O14, on the viability of larval and adult life stages of the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum, and larvae of the human hookworm Necator americanus. The cyclotides showed significant anthelmintic activity towards both hookworm species. The different cyclotides showed similar patterns of relative activity as that seen previously with the livestock nematode species. This study demonstrates that cyclotides have promising activity in vitro against important parasites of companion animals and humans.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of oligonucleotide complexes with drugs, metals, and proteins
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1002/MAS.1003
Abstract: I. Introduction 61 II. Binding of Small Molecules to DNA 62 A. Covalent Binding 62 B. Reversible (Noncovalent) DNA-Binding Agents 65 III. DNA-Metal Ion Complexes 67 A. Platinum Complexes 70 B. Other Metal Ions 73 IV. DNA-Protein Complexes 74 A. Introduction 74 B. ESI-MS of DNA-Protein Complexes 76 C. ESI-MS Analysis of Proteolytic Products of DNA-Protein Complexes 79 D. ESI-MS of Ternary DNA-Protein-Ligand Complexes 80 V. Conclusions 80 Abbreviations 81 References 81 --Interactions of DNA with drugs, metal ions, and proteins are important in a wide variety of biological processes. With the advent of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), mass spectrometry (MS) is now a well-established tool for the characterization of the primary structures of biopolymers. The gentle nature of the ESI process, however, means that ESI-MS is also finding application for the study of noncovalent and other fragile biomolecular complexes. We outline here the progress, to date, in the use of ESI-MS for the study of noncovalent drug-DNA and protein-DNA complexes together with strategies that can be employed to examine the binding of small molecules and metal complexes to DNA. In the case of covalent complexes with DNA, sequence information can be derived from ESI-MS used in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and/or enzymatic digestion. MS/MS can also be used to probe the relative binding affinities of drugs that bind to DNA via noncovalent interactions. Overall, the work in this area, to date has demonstrated that ESI-MS and MS/MS will prove to be valuable complements to other structural methods, offering advantages in terms of speed, specificity, and sensitivity. (c) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Two proteins for the price of one: Structural studies of the dual-destiny protein preproalbumin with sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Combining process indices from network analysis with structural population measures to indicate response of estuarine trophodynamics to pulse organic enrichment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Despite a conserved cystine knot motif, different cyclotides have different membrane binding modes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Virtual increase or latent loss? A reassessment of mangrove populations and their conservation in Guangdong, southern China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
The flavonoid profile of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan: a review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2015
DOI: 10.1186/S40064-015-0906-X
Abstract: Pigeonpea is ranked as the sixth largest grain legume produced by volume and as such is a major global food crop for livestock and human consumption. We show that pigeonpea contains a number of flavonoids and report their distribution and concentration within different parts of the plant. There are a total of 27 flavonoids reported in the literature representing seven flavonoid classes. We found no published evidence of flavanols (catechins/flavan-3-ols) or aurones reported from pigeonpea, nor any study of the flavonoids from pigeonpea flowers. Despite over 40 years of research in to various aspects of pigeonpea we identified research gaps related to the phytochemical properties of pigeonpea. We explain how addressing these gaps could help to realise the full potential of pigeonpea in agricultural production.
Discovery and Characterization of a Linear Cyclotide from Viola odorata: Implications for the Processing of Circular Proteins
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMB.2006.01.051
Abstract: Cyclotides are mini-proteins of 28-37 amino acid residues that have the unusual feature of a head-to-tail cyclic backbone surrounding a cystine knot. This molecular architecture gives the cyclotides heightened resistance to thermal, chemical and enzymatic degradation and has prompted investigations into their use as scaffolds in peptide therapeutics. There are now more than 80 reported cyclotide sequences from plants in the families Rubiaceae, Violaceae and Cucurbitaceae, with a wide variety of biological activities observed. However, potentially limiting the development of cyclotide-based therapeutics is a lack of understanding of the mechanism by which these peptides are cyclized in vivo. Until now, no linear versions of cyclotides have been reported, limiting our understanding of the cyclization mechanism. This study reports the discovery of a naturally occurring linear cyclotide, violacin A, from the plant Viola odorata and discusses the implications for in vivo cyclization of peptides. The elucidation of the cDNA clone of violacin A revealed a point mutation that introduces a stop codon, which inhibits the translation of a key Asn residue that is thought to be required for cyclization. The three-dimensional solution structure of violacin A was determined and found to adopt the cystine knot fold of native cyclotides. Enzymatic stability assays on violacin A indicate that despite an increase in the flexibility of the structure relative to cyclic counterparts, the cystine knot preserves the overall stability of the molecule.
Turning the tide on mangrove loss.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Combining stable isotope enrichment, compartmental modelling and ecological network analysis for quantitative measurement of food web dynamics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2011
Spatially-explicit valuation of coastal wetlands for cyclone mitigation in Australia and China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-21217-Z
Abstract: Coastal wetlands are increasingly recognised for their pivotal role in mitigating the growing threats from cyclones (including hurricanes) in a changing climate. There is, however, insufficient information about the economic value of coastal wetlands for cyclone mitigation, particularly at regional scales. Analysis of data from 1990–2012 shows that the variation of cyclone frequencies is related to EI Niño strength in the Pacific Ocean adjacent to Australia, but not China. Among the cyclones hitting the two countries, there are significant relationships between the ratio of total economic damage to gross domestic production (TD/GDP) and wetland area within cyclone swaths in Australia, and wetland area plus minimum cyclone pressure despite a weak relationship in China. The TD/GDP ratio is significantly higher in China than in Australia. Despite their extensive and growing occurrence, seawalls in China appear not to play a critical role in cyclone mitigation, and cannot replace coastal wetlands, which provide other efficient ecosystem services. The economic values of coastal wetlands in Australia and China are respectively estimated at US$52.88 billion and 198.67 billion yr −1 for cyclone mitigation, albeit with large within-country geographic variation. This study highlights the urgency to integrate this value into existing valuations of coastal wetlands.
Mechanism for the small-scale movement of carbon among estuarine habitats: organic matter transfer not crab movement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S00442-005-0352-5
Abstract: In theory, carbon is highly mobile in aquatic systems. Recent evidence from carbon stable isotopes of crabs (Parasesarma erythrodactyla and Australoplax tridentata), however, shows that in subtropical Australian waters, measurable carbon movement between adjacent mangrove and saltmarsh habitats is limited to no more than a few metres. We tested whether the pattern in crab delta13C values across mangrove and saltmarsh habitats was explained by crab movement, or the movement of particulate organic matter. We estimated crab movement in a mark-recapture program using an array of pitfall traps on 13 transects (a total of 65 traps) covering an area of 600 m2 across the interface of these two habitats. Over a 19-day period, the majority of crabs (91% for P. erythrodactyla, 93% for A. tridentata) moved <2 m from the place of initial capture. Crab movement cannot, therefore, explain the patterns in delta13C values of crabs. delta13C values of detritus collected at 2-m intervals across the same habitat interface fitted a sigmoidal curve of a similar form to that fitting the delta13C values of crabs. delta13C values of detritus were 2-4 per thousand more depleted in saltmarsh (-18.5+/-0.6 per thousand), and 4-7 per thousand more depleted in mangroves (-25.9+/-0.1 per thousand) than delta13C values of crabs recorded previously in each habitat. Assimilation by crabs of very small detrital fragments or microphytobenthos, more enriched in 13C, may explain the disparity in delta13C values. Nevertheless, the pattern in delta13C values of detritus suggests that crabs obtain their carbon from up to several metres away, but without themselves foraging more then a metre or so from their burrow. Such detailed measurements of carbon movement in estuaries provide a spatially explicit understanding of the functioning of food webs in saltmarsh and mangrove habitats.
Interrelationship between measures of collagen, compression, shear force and tenderness
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEATSCI.2013.04.054
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between collagen content as determined by hydroxyproline assay with other measures of connective tissue, shear force and tenderness in lamb muscle. S les were taken from both m. longissimus lumborum (LL, loin) and the m. semimembranosus (SM, topside) of 99 lambs. Sensory tenderness and compression of the LL were not correlated to any measure of collagen or connective tissue, with one exception where compression was correlated (r=-0.28 P<0.05) to the percentage of connective tissue determined by imaging. Intramuscular fat (IMF) was linearly correlated (P<0.05) to sensory tenderness and compression, such that a 1% increase in IMF increased the tenderness score by 2.3±0.83 units and reduced compression by 0.73±0.21 N. There was no correlation between SM shear force and collagen concentration. The data suggest that measurement of collagen concentration did not explain the variation in shear force and sensory tenderness observed in the meat from lambs.
Hard science is essential to restoring soft-sediment intertidal habitats in burgeoning East Asia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2016.10.136
Abstract: Intertidal soft-sediment ecosystems such as mangrove, saltmarsh, and tidal flats face multiple stresses along the burgeoning East Asia coastline. In addition to direct habitat loss, ecosystem structure, function, and capacity for ecosystem services of these habitats are significantly affected by anthropogenic loss of hydrologic connectivity, introduction of invasive exotic species, and chemical pollution. These dramatic changes to ecosystem structure and function are illustrated by four case studies along the East Asian coast: the Mai Po Marshes in Hong Kong, the Yunxiao wetlands in Fujian, China, and the Lake Sihwa and Saemangeum tidal flats in Korea. While investment in restoration is increasing significantly in the region, the lack of key basic knowledge on aspects of the behaviour of intertidal soft-sediment ecosystems, particularly those in Asia, impairs the effectiveness of these efforts. The relationship between bio ersity and ecosystem function for relatively species-poor mangrove, seagrass, and saltmarsh systems has implications for restoration targeting monospecific plantations. The trajectory of recovery and return of ecosystem function and services is also poorly known, and may deviate from simple expectations. As many introduced species have become established along the East Asian coast, their long-term impact on ecosystem function as well as the socio-economics of coastal communities demand a multidisciplinary approach to assessing options for restoration and management. These knowledge gaps require urgent attention in order to inform future restoration and management of intertidal soft-sediment ecosystems in fast-developing East Asia.
Cyclic MrIA: A Stable and Potent Cyclic Conotoxin with a Novel Topological Fold that Targets the Norepinephrine Transporter
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-10-2006
DOI: 10.1021/JM060299H
Abstract: Conotoxins, disulfide-rich peptides from the venom of cone snails, have created much excitement over recent years due to their potency and specificity for ion channels and their therapeutic potential. One recently identified conotoxin, MrIA, a 13-residue member of the chi-conotoxin family, inhibits the human norepinephrine transporter (NET) and has potential applications in the treatment of pain. In the current study, we show that the beta-hairpin structure of native MrIA is retained in a synthetic cyclic version, as is biological activity at the NET. Furthermore, the cyclic version has increased resistance to trypsin digestion relative to the native peptide, an intriguing result because the cleavage site for the trypsin is not close to the cyclization site. The use of peptides as drugs is generally h ered by susceptibility to proteolysis, and so, the increase in enzymatic stability against trypsin observed in the current study may be useful in improving the therapeutic potential of MrIA. Furthermore, the structure reported here for cyclic MrIA represents a new topology among a growing number of circular disulfide-rich peptides.
THE REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE AND SEXUALITY OF THE GREEN MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS (L) (BIVALVIA, MYTILACEA) IN VICTORIA HARBOR, HONG-KONG
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1988
The range and nutrient profile of alternative protein products sold in Australian supermarkets between 2014 and 2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-10-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2137786
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the range and nutrient profile of processed alternative protein "convenience" products available in Australia from 2014 to 2021. Product data were extracted from FoodTrack™, an established database of packaged supermarket products. Eligible products were grouped into subcategories: (i) tofu products (ii) legume products and (iii) plant-based meats. Nutrient composition was assessed from the products' nutrition information panel. The number of alternative protein products in supermarkets more than doubled between 2014 and 2021 (+130%). On average, products were available for 2.2 years (range 1-7 years). Generally, tofu products had the highest contents of saturated fat and sodium, legume products had the highest contents of carbohydrates, sugar and fibre, and plant-based meats had the highest contents of protein and total fat (per 100 g). This study found large variation in the nutrient composition of these products, highlighting the importance of reformulation and consumer education in the future.
Overexpression of a wheat α‐amylase type 2 impact on starch metabolism and abscisic acid sensitivity during grain germination
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.15444
Abstract: Despite being of vital importance for seed establishment and grain quality, starch degradation remains poorly understood in organs such as cereal or legume seeds. In cereals, starch degradation requires the synergetic action of different isoforms of α‐amylases. Ubiquitous overexpression of TaAmy2 resulted in a 2.0–437.6‐fold increase of total α‐amylase activity in developing leaf and harvested grains. These increases led to dramatic alterations of starch visco‐properties and augmentation of soluble carbohydrate levels (mainly sucrose and α‐gluco‐oligosaccharide) in grain. Interestingly, the overexpression of TaAMY2 led to an absence of dormancy in ripened grain due to abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivity. Using an allosteric α‐amylase inhibitor (acarbose), we demonstrated that ABA insensitivity was due to the increased soluble carbohydrate generated by the α‐amylase excess. Independent from the TaAMY2 overexpression, inhibition of α‐amylase during germination led to the accumulation of soluble α‐gluco‐oligosaccharides without affecting the first stage of germination. These findings support the hypotheses that (i) endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signalling and promote sprouting, and (ii) α‐amylase may not be required for the initial stage of grain germination, an observation that questions the function of the amylolytic enzyme in the starch degradation process during germination.
Climate-coastal fisheries relationships and their spatial variation in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Exploring the midgut proteome of partially fed female cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus)
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2010
Role of grapsid crabs, Parasesarma erythrodactyla, in entry of mangrove leaves into an estuarine food web: a mesocosm study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-07-2009
Cold tolerance of the banana prawn Penaeus merguiensis de man and its growth at different temperatures
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2002
LITTER PRODUCTION AND TURNOVER OF THE MANGROVE KANDELIA-CANDEL (L) DRUCE IN A HONG-KONG TIDAL SHRIMP POND
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1989
Site occupancy and glycan compositional analysis of two soluble recombinant forms of the attachment glycoprotein of Hendra virus
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-12-2011
Transcriptome analysis of Brachypodium during fungal pathogen infection reveals both shared and distinct defense responses with wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-17454-3
Abstract: Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat and barley, predominantly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum , is a disease of economic significance. The quantitative nature of FCR resistance within cultivated wheat germplasm has significantly limited breeding efforts to enhanced FCR resistance in wheat. In this study, we characterized the molecular responses of Brachypodium distachyon ( Brachypodium hereafter) to F . pseudograminearum infection using RNA-seq to determine whether Brachypodium can be exploited as a model system towards better understanding of F . pseudograminearum -wheat interaction. The transcriptional response to infection in Brachypodium was strikingly similar to that previously reported in wheat, both in shared expression patterns of wheat homologs of Brachypodium genes and functional overlap revealed through comparative gene ontology analysis in both species. Metabolites produced by various biosynthetic pathways induced in both wheat and Brachypodium were quantified, revealing a high degree of overlap between these two species in metabolic response to infection but also showed Brachypodium does not produce certain defence-related metabolites found in wheat. Functional analyses of candidate genes identified in this study will improve our understanding of resistance mechanisms and may lead to the development of new strategies to protect cereal crops from pathogen infection.
Life-history, movement, and habitat use of Scylla serrata (Decapoda, Portunidae): current knowledge and future challenges
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-07-2015
Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the Prototypic Cyclotide Reveals a Cluster of Residues Essential for Bioactivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Distribution pattern and interaction of two infaunal bivalves, Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve) and Anomalocardia squamosa (Linnaeus) (Bivalvia: Veneridae)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1996
Cheliped size and structure: The evolution of a multifunctional decapod organ
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1995
Ecological implications of cheliped size in crabs: some data from Carcinus maenas and Liocarcinus holsatus
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS084151
Quantitation of seven transmembrane proteins from the DHA biosynthesis pathway in genetically engineered canola by targeted mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.FCT.2019.02.035
Abstract: Examining tissue-specific expression and the measurement of protein abundance are important steps when assessing the performance of genetically engineered crops. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry offers many advantages over traditional methods for protein quantitation, especially when dealing with transmembrane proteins that are often difficult to express or generate antibodies against. In this study, discovery proteomics was used to detect the seven transgenic membrane-bound enzymes from the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthetic pathway that had been engineered into canola. Subsequently, a targeted LC-MS/MS method for absolute quantitation was developed and applied to the simultaneous measurement of the seven DHA biosynthetic pathway enzymes in genetically modified canola grown across three sites. The results of this study demonstrated that the enzymatic proteins that drive the production of DHA using seed-specific promoters were detected only in mature and developing seed of DHA canola. None of the DHA biosynthesis pathway proteins were detected in wild-type canola planted in the same site or in the non-seed tissues of the transgenic canola, irrespective of the s ling time or the tissues tested. This study describes a streamlined approach to simultaneously measure multiple membrane-bound proteins in planta.
The potential role of mucus in the depuration of copper from the mussels Perna viridis (L.) and Septifer virgatus (Wiegmann)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1995
328. CLAUDIN-8 IS EXPRESSED IN BOVINE TESTIS GERM CELLS
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/SRB10ABS328
Abstract: Germline stem cells in the testis allow for the continued production of spermatozoa throughout a male’s life. These cells are capable of self-renewal and have the ability to colonise testis tissue and give rise to spermatocytes after transplantation. Identification of germ cells and other cell types within testis tissue is important for increasing understanding of germ cell biology. Work in this lab is focused on the bovine testis, and we use both germ and non-germ cell markers for cell identification and germ cell enrichment. Such markers are also used for monitoring physiological and pathological changes in testis tissue after treatments such as irradiation. At present cell type markers for germ cells are limited, particularly in livestock species. This study has therefore investigated candidate marker genes for expression in testis cells. Here, we present quantitative gene expression data for Claudin-8 (CLDN8) in testis tissue. Claudin-8 is a membrane protein involved in the formation of tight junctions, such as are formed by germ cells in the testis. We used qRT-PCR to examine the expression of CLDN8 and other candidate genes in germ cell enriched and non-enriched testis cell fractions. Our qRT-PCR analysis shows that CLDN8 is preferentially expressed in germ cell enriched fractions. Testis cell fractions were also analysed for expression of established germ cell markers such as PLZF (ZBTB16) and VASA (DDX4), as well as for Sertoli cell marker GATA4. Our analysis shows a positive correlation between expression of CLDN8 and established germ cell markers, and a negative correlation between expression of CLDN8 and established Sertoli cells markers.
Relationship between mangrove abundance and tropical prawn production: A re-evaluation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2004
Insights into Processing and Cyclization Events Associated with Biosynthesis of the Cyclic Peptide Kalata B1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
GRAVE THREATS TO SEAGRASS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1994
Tropical mangrove ecology: Physical and biotic factors influencing ecosystem structure and function
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1999
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW IN AN ESTUARINE MANGROVE-WETLAND IN HONG-KONG
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01344326
Better restoration policies are needed to conserve mangrove ecosystems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-04-2019
Multi-Tissue Omics Analyses Reveal Molecular Regulatory Networks for Puberty in Composite Beef Cattle
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-07-2014
The herbivore assemblage, herbivory and leaf chemistry of the mangrove Kandelia obovata in two contrasting forests in Hong Kong
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2006
Study of the formation mechanism of bundle structures using AFM tip-based nanoscratching approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Trends in annual CPUE and evidence of sex and size segregation of Sphyrna lewini: Management implications in coastal waters of northeastern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Isolation and Characterization of Novel Cyclotides from Viola hederaceae
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
Loss and recovery of carbon and nitrogen after mangrove clearing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Efficient Extraction and Digestion of Gluten Proteins
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 02-10-2018
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8814-3_22
Abstract: Coeliac disease (CD) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder triggered by ingestion of cereal gluten found in wheat (gliadins and glutenins), barley (hordeins), and rye (secalins). As the only treatment for CD is a lifelong gluten-free diet, the measurement of gluten in raw ingredients and processed food products is critical to protecting people with CD or gluten intolerance. The most commonly employed method is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but more recently mass spectrometry has been employed wherein the extracted gluten proteins are digested to peptides that are then directly measured. To achieve the goal of accurate gluten quantitation, gluten must be efficiently extracted from the ingredient or food matrix and then digested to yield the peptides that are monitored by LC-MS. In this chapter, a rapid, simple, and reproducible protocol for extraction and digestion of gluten proteins is described.
EFFECTS OF BIOGENIC STRUCTURE ON PREY CONSUMPTION BY THE XANTHID CRABS EURYTIUM-LIMOSUM AND PANOPEUS-HERBSTII IN A SALT-MARSH
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS104039
ECOLOGY OF MANGROVE FUNGI AND THEIR ROLE IN NUTRIENT CYCLING - WHAT GAPS OCCUR IN OUR KNOWLEDGE
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00029117
Light intensity influences the production and translocation of fatty acids by zooxanthellae in the jellyfish Cassiopea sp.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Structural equation modelling reveals factors regulating surface sediment organic carbon content and CO2 efflux in a subtropical mangrove
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.10.218
Abstract: Mangroves are blue carbon ecosystems that sequester significant carbon but release CO
Hydroxyproline quantification for the estimation of collagen in tissue using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2008.10.011
Abstract: Collagens are highly abundant mammalian proteins that contain a high content of hydroxylated amino acids such as hydroxyproline. We have exploited the high hydroxyproline content of collagen and developed a method for hydroxyproline quantification as a measure of collagen content in muscle s les. The novel method utilizes a highly selective and sensitive method of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) by mass spectrometry. The analytical method is simple, rapid (5min), convenient (no derivatization), precise ( 0.999) over three orders of magnitude (5-5000nmol/L).
The secreted and surface proteomes of the adult stage of the carcinogenic human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-02-2010
A comparative proteomic study of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean seedlings under drought stress
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/CP15314
Abstract: Drought is a major factor limiting plant growth causing yield reduction in crops hence the characterisation of drought tolerance and the development of drought-tolerant crop varieties have been a goal of many crop breeding programs. Using the proteomics approach, we compared the differential protein abundance of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean leaves subjected to mild or severe drought stress. Proteins were extracted and separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Those protein spots with significant and more than 2-fold difference in abundance, 174 in total, were further analysed and 102 proteins were positively identified. Around 38.5% of these proteins were related to energy metabolism and photosynthetic functions, followed by those associated with defence response (36.4%) and protein metabolism (25.2%). Severe drought resulted in a greater number of proteins with differential abundance. Genotypes responded differently to drought stress with the tolerant genotype showing a higher capacity for reactive oxygen species scavenging and maintaining energy supply than the sensitive genotype. The sensitive genotype had a greater number of proteins with significant differential abundance than the tolerant genotypes due to drought. The different patterns in protein abundance induced by drought stress may potentially be utilised to screen and select candidate soybean lines with improved drought tolerance.
The influence of small-scale circum-neutral pH change on Cu-bioavailability and toxicity to an estuarine bivalve (Austriella cf plicifera) in whole-sediment toxicity tests
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
The complexity of the secreted NPA and FAR lipid-binding protein families of Haemonchus contortus revealed by an iterative proteomics-bioinformatics approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MOLBIOPARA.2009.07.001
Abstract: Two different classes of small nematode specific lipid-binding proteins, the nematode polyprotein allergens/antigens (NPAs) and the fatty acid- and retinol-binding (FAR) proteins, are secreted by helminth parasites. Until now, there was no evidence of the expression or secretion of these two families of proteins in Haemonchus contortus. In this study, we applied proteomic and bioinformatic tools in an iterative manner to reveal the expression and complexity of these proteins in the excretory/secretory products (ESP) of adult H. contortus at the protein and gene levels. Initial examination of the mass spectra of ESP fractions against standard databases returned nine peptides mapping to Ostertagia ostertagi NPA and FAR sequences. Searches of the H. contortus EST and genomic contig databases with the O. ostertagi and Caenorhabditis elegans homologues retrieved erse sequences encoding H. contortus NPA and FAR proteins. H. contortus sequences were then integrated into a customized database and a new search of the mass spectra achieved a 10-fold improvement in coverage of the predicted H. contortus NPAs. The final analyses of the mass spectra achieved 49-60% coverage of H. contortus NPAs and 7-47% coverage of H. contortus FARs. Moreover, the ersity in structures of the encoding genes was revealed by assembling the genomic sequence data with predicted protein sequences confirmed by the peptide evidence. We predict there are at least one Hc-NPA gene and six Hc-FAR genes in H. contortus, and life stage gene expression of Hc-FAR-1 to -6 revealed unique transcription patterns for each of these genes.
Biomolecular Analyses of Starch and Starch Granule Proteins in the High-Amylose Rice Mutant Goami 2
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-11-2012
DOI: 10.1021/JF303205P
Abstract: Elevated proportions of amylose in cereals are commonly associated with either the loss of starch branching or starch synthase activity. Goami 2 is a high-amylose mutant of the temperate japonica rice variety Ilpumbyeo. Genotyping revealed that Goami 2 and Ilpumbyeo carry the same alleles for starch synthase IIa and granule-bound starch synthase I genes. Analyses of granule-bound proteins revealed that SSI and SSIIa accumulate inside the mature starch granules of Goami 2, which is similar to the amylose extender mutant IR36ae. However, unlike the amylose extender mutants, SBEIIb was still detectable inside the starch granules of Goami 2. Detection of SBEIIb after protein fractionation revealed that most of the SBEIIb in Goami 2 accumulates inside the starch granules, whereas most of it accumulates at the granule surface in Ilpumbyeo. Exhaustive mass spectrometric characterisations of granule-bound proteins failed to detect any peptide sequence mutation or major post-translational modifications in Goami 2. Moreover, the signal peptide was found to be cleaved normally from the precursor protein, and there is no apparent N-linked glycosylation. Finally, no difference was found in the SBEIIb structural gene sequence of Goami 2 compared with Ilpumbyeo. In contrast, a G-to-A mutation was detected in the SBEIIb gene of IR36ae located at the splice site between exon and intron 11, which could potentially introduce a premature stop codon and produce a truncated form of SBEIIb. It is suggested that the mutation responsible for producing high amylose in Goami 2 is not due to a defect in SBEIIb gene as was observed in IR36ae, even though it produces a phenotype analogous to the amylose extender mutation. Understanding the molecular genetic basis of this mutation will be important in identifying novel targets for increasing amylose and resistant starch contents in rice and other cereals.
Cu and Zn concentration gradients created by dilution of pH neutral metal-spiked marine sediment: A comparison of sediment geochemistry with direct methods of metal addition
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-03-2008
DOI: 10.1021/ES702673W
Related Organisations
Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Location: No location found
Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Location: Australia
Related Funding Activities
Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP210101705
Start Date: 2021
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $423,650.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage - CSIRO - Grant ID: LC0348594
Start Date: 11-2003
End Date: 11-2006
Amount: $193,035.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0984390
Start Date: 2009
End Date: 04-2014
Amount: $1,280,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE200100012
Start Date: 01-2021
End Date: 01-2028
Amount: $35,000,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity