ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5537-4251
Current Organisation
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SEPARATIONS10020096
Abstract: The potential of raw durian husk and NaOH-modified durian husk as an adsorbent, using different doses, 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.5 g, and 2.0 g, is investigated to improve soaking water of pepper berries during the retting process. The surface area and the pore size of the durian husk were examined using Brunner Emmett and Teller analysis. The surface area of NaOH-modified durian husk is higher (2.33 m2/g) compared to the raw durian husk (1.51 m2/g). NaOH-modified durian husk has a higher porous structure than the raw durian husk, but both pore diameters are more than 50 nm, which is considered micropore raw material. The effect of the raw durian husk on pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity were compared to the NaOH-modified durian husk with different doses. The 2.0 g of NaOH-modified durian husk enhanced changes in the four parameters. The highest pH value using NaOH-modified durian husk was 6.10 ± 0.02, while turbidity and COD increased to 971.33 ± 1.15 NTU and 1984.67 ± 3.21 mg/L, respectively. The DO of NaOH-modified durian husk shows the lowest reduction to 1.49 mg/L with 2.0 g of NaOH-modified durian husk. The experimental data was best fitted with a first-order kinetic model. Durian husk treated with NaOH could be used as a potential adsorbent to enhance the soaking water for pepper berries.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-10-2021
Abstract: Recently Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the persistent trace hazardous estrogenic contaminants in the environment, that can trigger a severe threat to humans and environment even at minuscule concentrations. Thus, this work focused on the synthesis of neat and magnetic biochar (BC) as a sustainable and inexpensive adsorbent to remove BPA from aqueous environment. Novel magnetic biochar was efficiently synthesized by utilizing palm kernel shell, using ferric chloride and ferrous chloride as magnetic medium via chemical co-precipitation technique. In this experimental study, the influence of operating factors comprising contact time (20–240 min), pH (3.0–12.0), adsorbent dose (0.2–0.8 g), and starting concentrations of BPA (8.0–150 ppm) were studied in removing BPA during batch adsorption system using neat biochar and magnetic biochar. It was observed that the magnetically loaded BC demonstrates superior maximum removal efficiency of BPA with 94.2%, over the neat biochar. The functional groups (FTIR), Zeta potential, vibrating s le magnetometer (VSM), surface and textural properties (BET), surface morphology, and mineral constituents (FESEM/EDX), and chemical composition (XRD) of the adsorbents were examined. The experimental results demonstrated that the sorption isotherm and kinetics were suitably described by pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model, respectively. By studying the adsorption mechanism, it was concluded that π-π electron acceptor–donor interaction (EAD), hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bond were the principal drives for the adsorption of BPA onto the neat BC and magnetic BC.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-11-2021
Abstract: In recent years, downstream bioprocessing industries are venturing into less tedious, simple, and high-efficiency separation by implementing advanced purification and extraction methods. This review discusses the separation of proteins, with the main focus on amylase as an enzyme from agricultural waste using conventional and advanced techniques of extraction and purification via a liquid biphasic system (LBS). In comparison to other methods, such as membrane extraction, precipitation, ultrasonication, and chromatography, the LBS stands out as an efficient, cost-effective, and adaptable developing method for protein recovery. The two-phase separation method can be water-soluble polymers, or polymer and salt, or alcohol and salt, which is a simpler and lower-cost method that can be used at a larger purification scale. The comparison of different approaches in LBS for amylase purification from agricultural waste is also included. Current technology has evolved from a simple LBS into microwave-assisted LBS, liquid biphasic flotation (LBF), thermoseparation (TMP), three-phase partitioning (TPP), ultrasound-assisted LBS, and electrically assisted LBS. pH, time, temperature, and concentration are some of the significant research parameters considered in the review of advanced techniques.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JFPE.12492
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/FOODS9081023
Abstract: Single-screw extrusion of a fibrous-structured meat analog from soy proteins added with low-grade oyster mushroom was successful. Satisfactory extrudates were obtained at a barrel temperature of 140 °C, screw speed range of 100–160 rpm, and oyster mushroom addition at 0%, 7.5%, and 15% via factorial experiments. Single-screw extrusion equipped with a slit die successfully produced expanded oyster mushroom-soy protein extrudates. However, the increase in the oyster mushroom content significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the expansion ratio of the extrudate from 1.26 to 0.98. This result indicated that adding more oyster mushroom restrained the expansion ratio. The extrudates had a medium density range (max of 1393.70 ± 6.30 kg/m3). By adding oyster mushroom, the extrudates attained a higher moisture content (range = 34.77% to 37.93%) compared with the extrudates containing the protein mixture only (range = 26.99% to 32.33%). The increase in screw speed and oyster mushroom significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the water absorption index. The increase in the texturization index was significantly influenced (p ≤ 0.05) by oyster mushroom addition rather than the screw speed. A defined fibrous structure supported the high texturization index and small shape of air cells observed in the extrudates.
Publisher: HH Publisher
Date: 05-01-2021
Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most popular crop around the world. Physicochemical properties are an important element in the sweet potato processing industry. However, little knowledge is known about this variety of sweet potatoes. In this study, colour, moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate were studied subjected to three different conditions of Japanese sweet potato whole tuber (C1), peeled tuber (C2) and skin of tuber (C3). Colour and proximate analysis were determined using the lightness (L), red/green (a) and yellow/blue (b) system and AOAC method, respectively. The result indicated that L, a* and b* ranged from 68.0–89.2, 0.48–5.65 and 11.67–13.27, respectively. The highest values of L, a and b were observed in C1, C3 and C1, respectively. Moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre were ranged from 5.93–7.86%, 2.64–8.11%, 4.64–5.47%, 0.06–0.70%, 65.96–86.96% and 1.00–2.43%, respectively. C1 had the highest value of moisture content while C2 showed to have the highest values of protein and carbohydrate. C3 was observed to have the significantly highest (p 0.05) content of ash, lipid and crude fibre. Overall, the differences in the physicochemical properties of three different conditions of sweet potato are significant in certain properties. C1 was suggested to be the best selection for producing better quality sweet potato products. Therefore, the result obtained from this study becomes useful for further processing of sweet potatoes.
Publisher: Universiti Putra Malaysia
Date: 27-07-2023
Abstract: There are several different forms of coconut kernel products, such as copra, desiccated coconut, coconut chips, strips, and flakes, each with its identity, industrial standard, and use in the food sector. In view of this, many studies concentrate on drying kinetics and the quality of the final dried product and extend from laboratory-scale research to industrial operations. This article discusses the application of various drying processes for various types of coconut kernel products, the pre-treatment involved prior to drying and some qualitative aspects associated with the final product. The use of mathematical modelling in various drying techniques was also examined and compared in this article. The effects of drying parameters such as air temperature, velocity, and pre-treatment on drying rate, time, colour quality, energy consumption, and yield are particularly interesting. Future suggestions and directions are emphasised and featured to fill the research gap in this product and sector.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JFPE.14038
Abstract: Conventional essential oil extraction systems cannot meet the green extraction concepts and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative systems based on clean energy. The present study aims to investigate the possibility of essential oil extraction using solar energy without utilizing synthetic solvents. Hence, an eco‐friendly solar energy‐based extraction system (SEE) was developed to extract essential oils from cloves and cinnamon barks, orange and lemon peels, eucalyptus leaves, and cardamom seeds. Essential oils were assessed in terms of yield, physical properties, and chemical composition using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry assay. Also, the process sustainability was analyzed by the green extraction evaluation approach, and results were compared with those of traditional hydro‐distillation (THD). Replacing THD with SEE increased the extraction time by 0.65, 0.80, 0.41, 0.61, 0.39, and 0.45 h for processing clove, cinnamon, orange, lemon, eucalyptus, and cardamom, respectively. The optimum solar radiation for extraction was about 1000 W/m 2 . Also, oxygen compounds (96.45, 79.640, 42.98, and 83.76%) comprised the main proportion in the clove, cinnamon, eucalyptus, and cardamom essential oils, while orange and lemon essential oils had a high presence of terpenes. Furthermore, essential oils obtained by SEE had a similar yield and alcohol solubility to THD. According to green extraction process analysis, solar energy‐based extraction was 23–34% greener than THD, depending on the type of plant material. The innovative solar‐based extraction system designed and developed in this research can be used at farms and small factories to obtain essential oils using the zero‐energy concept. From the energy consumption viewpoint, this technology can be regarded as “free process” which can reduce production costs. Also, the unique design of the heating section of this new system prevents overheating of the s le, making this new solar‐based system suitable for the extraction of thermolabile compounds from plant materials. In this sense, obtaining a high‐quality essential oil without running cost (in terms of electricity cost), relatively small size, and low capital cost makes this system practical for future applications.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-01-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 10-02-2020
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.4(S1).S30
Abstract: Fresh guava juice was clarified using ultrafiltration (UF) process on a laboratory scale in this study. The observation was undertaken to determine the effect of the operating pressure (OP) on the permeate flux (J) behaviour, the fouling mechanisms as well as the quality attributes of the guava juice i.e. pH, turbidity, colour, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC) and ascorbic acid content (AAC). The clarification of guava juice was performed in a batch mode using a 100 kDa polymeric membrane in a dead-end module at an operating pressure OP of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 bar. The results showed that a high OP resulted in high flux during the UF process. The flux-pressure curves exhibited no increase for an OP higher than 2.0 bar (Plim), with a limiting flux (Jlim) identified at 17.22 kg/m2 /hr. Intermediate and total pore-blocking has been identified as the major fouling mechanisms in the process. The resulting juice after filtration showed a reduction of more than 97% turbidity with a lower TSS by 7 to 17%, compared to the fresh juice. The UF process permitted a good level of clarification with improvement in colour properties with a stable pH at 3.8. However, a 19 to 27% and 18 to 22% reduction of TPC and AAC, respectively were found in the filtered juice with respect to the fresh juice. For appropriate flux behaviour and juice quality attributes, the process UF should be conducted at 2.0 bar.
Publisher: Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology - University of Zagreb
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-09-2021
Abstract: Over the years, the persistent occurrence of superfluous endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) (sub µg L−1) in water has led to serious health disorders in human and aquatic lives, as well as undermined the water quality. At present, there are no generally accepted regulatory discharge limits for the EDCs to avert their possible negative impacts. Moreover, the conventional treatment processes have reportedly failed to remove the persistent EDC pollutants, and this has led researchers to develop alternative treatment methods. Comprehensive information on the recent advances in the existing novel treatment processes and their peculiar limitations is still lacking. In this regard, the various treatment methods for the removal of EDCs are critically studied and reported in this paper. Initially, the occurrences of the EDCs and their attributed effects on humans, aquatic life, and wildlife are systematically reviewed, as well as the applied treatments. The most noticeable advances in the treatment methods include adsorption, catalytic degradation, ozonation, membrane separation, and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), as well as hybrid processes. The recent advances in the treatment technologies available for the elimination of EDCs from various water resources alongside with their associated drawbacks are discussed critically. Besides, the application of hybrid adsorption–membrane treatment using several novel nano-precursors is carefully reviewed. The operating factors influencing the EDCs’ remediations via adsorption is also briefly examined. Interestingly, research findings have indicated that some of the contemporary techniques could achieve more than 99% EDCs removal.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-10-2021
Abstract: According to the Food Wastage Footprint and Climate Change Report, about 15% of all fruits and 25% of all vegetables are wasted at the base of the food production chain. The significant losses and wastes in the fresh and processing industries is becoming a serious environmental issue, mainly due to the microbial degradation impacts. There has been a recent surge in research and innovation related to food, packaging, and pharmaceutical applications to address these problems. The underutilized wastes (seed, skin, rind, and pomace) potentially present good sources of valuable bioactive compounds, including functional nutrients, amylopectin, phytochemicals, vitamins, enzymes, dietary fibers, and oils. Fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) are rich in nutrients and extra nutritional compounds that contribute to the development of animal feed, bioactive ingredients, and ethanol production. In the development of active packaging films, pectin and other biopolymers are commonly used. In addition, the most recent research studies dealing with FVW have enhanced the physical, mechanical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of packaging and biocomposite systems. Innovative technologies that can be used for sensitive bioactive compound extraction and fortification will be crucial in valorizing FVW completely thus, this article aims to report the progress made in terms of the valorization of FVW and to emphasize the applications of FVW in active packaging and biocomposites, their by-products, and the innovative technologies (both thermal and non-thermal) that can be used for bioactive compounds extraction.
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 10-02-2020
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.4(S1).S33
Abstract: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrate and it is a useful plant in Malaysia. Its root is used to produce various foods such as cassava chips, while the other parts are potentially to produce feeds and other useful products. However, details observation in the proximate composition of each part of the cassava plant is important in utilizing it as an animal feed, especially for the ruminants. Hence, this research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of each part in the cassava plant and characterized its functional groups using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermal properties using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results obtained showed that the portions of fresh cassava plants namely flesh, stem, peel, discarded tuber and the leaf were recorded at 50.06%, 31.01%, 10.63%, 6.92% and 1.49% (w/w), respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the leaf has potential as animal feed as it contains significant high in crude protein (28.02±0.10%), crude fat (5.63± 0.12%) and the gross energy value of 4824.3 g/cal. Even though the leaf has a higher cyanide content (0.02 mg/kg) than other parts, it is still in acceptable range as an ingredient in animal feed. For animal feed that focuses on high protein and gross energy, the leaf has potential in feed ingredients. Meanwhile, cassava flesh also has potential as an animal feed since it has low crude fiber (2.11±0.03%) but high in carbohydrate (92.66±1.88%) and gross energy content (4223.9 cal/g). FTIR spectra showed that there were different functional groups present in the s les. From the TGA data, it showed that the major components in s les were cellulose which started to decompose rapidly at maximum degradation rate temperature of 315-400°C, especially for flesh and discarded tuber. Different parts of cassava plants are expected to help the agriculture industry in producing alternative animal feed at the same time minimizing the impact of waste generated in the environment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/PR8070797
Abstract: Despite the utilization of dusting flour and oil to reduce dough stickiness during the production process in food industry, they do not effectively help in eliminating the problem. Stickiness remains the bane of the production of bakery and confectionery products, including cookies. In addition, the high moisture content of cookie dough is unduly important to obtain a high breaking and compression strengths (cookies with high breaking tolerance). This study was conducted in light of insufficient research hitherto undertaken on the utilization of response surface methodology and superimposition to enhance the stickiness and moisture content of quick oat-based cookie dough. The study aims at optimizating, validating and superimposing the best combination of factors, to produce the lowest stickiness and highest moisture content in cookie dough. In addition, the effect of flour content and resting time on the stickiness and moisture content of cookie dough was also investigated, and microstructure analysis conducted. The central composite design (CCD) technique was employed and 39 runs were generated by CCD based on two factors with five levels, which comprised flour content (50, 55, 60, 65, and 70%), resting time (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min) and three replications. Results from ANOVA showed that all factors were statistically significant at p 0.05. Flour content between 56% and 62%, and resting time within 27 and 50 min, resulted in dough with high stickiness. High-region moisture content was observed for flour content between 60% and 70%, and within 10 and 15 min of resting time. The optimized values for flour content (V1) = 67% and resting time (V2) = 10 min. The predicted model (regression coefficient model) was found to be accurate in predicting the optimum value of factors. The experimental validation showed the average relative deviation for stickiness and moisture content was 8.54% and 1.44%, respectively. The superimposition of the contour plots was successfully developed to identify the optimum region for the lowest stickiness and highest moisture content which were at 67–70% flour content and 10–15 min resting time.
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 03-01-2021
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.5(S1).046
Abstract: The processing of banana into clarified juice provides an alternative in the beverages market, but further exploration of the related processing is required. Hence, this study investigated the pre-treatment effect during the membrane-based process on the flux behaviour, fouling mechanism and banana juice quality attributes. Observation on juice viscosity was done after the crude banana juice was pre-treated with 0.1 – 0.5% pectinase. Both pectinase-treated and untreated banana juices were then subjected to an ultrafiltration process using a 100 kDa dead-end polyethersulfone membrane to clarify the juice. This study found a 50-55% viscosity reduction of the banana juice after the pre-treatment, with no significant difference in terms of the pectinase concentrations. Pre-treatment of the banana juice prior to ultrafiltration also have improved the permeate flux by 65.5% compared to the untreated s le. Based on the fitting of several fouling models, cake layer formation on the entire surface of the membrane was identified as the main cause of the membrane fouling and flux deterioration. The ultrafiltration process has significantly improved the juice turbidity, total soluble solid and colour, at a stable pH, indicating the success of the clarification process.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-01-2021
Abstract: Water is a critical resource necessary for life to be sustained, and its availability should be secured, appropriated, and easily obtainable. The continual detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (ng/L or µg/L) in water and wastewater has attracted critical concerns among the regulatory authorities and general public, due to its associated public health, ecological risks, and a threat to global water quality. Presently, there is a lack of stringent discharge standards regulating the emerging multiclass contaminants to obviate its possible undesirable impacts. The conventional treatment processes have reportedly ineffectual in eliminating the persistent EDCs pollutants, necessitating the researchers to develop alternative treatment methods. Occurrences of the EDCs and the attributed effects on humans and the environment are adequately reviewed. It indicated that comprehensive information on the recent advances in the rejection of EDCs via a novel membrane and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment techniques are still lacking. This paper critically studies and reports on recent advances in the membrane and MBR treatment methods for removing EDCs, fouling challenges, and its mitigation strategies. The removal mechanisms and the operating factors influencing the EDCs remediation were also examined. Membranes and MBR approaches have proven successful and viable to eliminate various EDCs contaminants.
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 03-01-2021
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.5(S1).045
Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is one of the main crops worldwide. However, systematic properties characterization of this crop is still required, particularly on the Malaysian local sweet potatoes. Hence, this study aims to determine the proximate composition and the energy value of five common varieties of local sweet potato (Anggun 1, Anggun 2, Anggun 3, White, and VitAto) in Malaysia. For each variety, three different parts of the tuberous root which were the skin, the cortex, and the mixture of cambium and parenchyma were characterized. The findings indicated that VitAto exhibited the highest starch (16.95% – 17.17%) and crude protein (0.86% – 1.15%) contents in all parts as compared to other varieties, hence reflecting its potentials to be further processed for a mass starch production. Among all the parts, the skin contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre, which can be further utilized to produce by-products such as animal feed. The findings in this study serve as a baseline for the future starch and byproducts production from local sweet potatoes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2015
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 05-11-2022
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2232905/V1
Abstract: Recently, frequent discharge of water-ladened emerging organic pollutants such as Bisphenol A has generated serious concern owing to its harmful effects on public safety and the ecological environment. Hematite nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 ) were synthesized via the sol-gel auto-combustion procedure and utilized as a nanofiller to fabricate a PVDF-PEG/Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite hollow fibre membrane with enhanced antifouling properties. A series of membranes comprising various loadings (1.0–2.0 wt.%) of Fe 2 O 3 NPs were fabricated through the phase inversion technique and thoroughly analyzed. The developed Fe 2 O 3 -membrane fibres were thoroughly characterized. The performance of the membrane fibres was investigated through permeation flux, BPA rejection, as well as antifouling characteristics. Based on the results obtained, the resultant nanocomposite membrane fibres exhibited superior performance in comparison with the pristine fibre. Also, the nanocomposite membrane with 1.5 wt.%-Fe 2 O 3 NPs exhibited remarkable performance with − 43.7 mV, 56.3º, 191.85 L/m 2 -h, 86.7%, and 12% of negatively charged zeta potential, least contact angle, water permeation flux, BPA rejection, and minimum weight loss, respectively. Besides, the 1.5 wt-Fe 2 O 3 NPs nanocomposite membrane demonstrated superior antifouling performance after the third filtration, accomplishing a higher percent of FRR (77.35%) along with RFR of 21.29%, respectively. Hence, based on the performance of the fabricated hollow-fibre membranes loaded with Fe 2 O 3 NPs, efficient antifouling membranes was achieved which can be suitably applied in the purification of industrial wastewater.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MEMBRANES13070679
Abstract: Fruit juice is an essential food product that has received significant acceptance among consumers. Harmonized concentration, preservation of nutritional constituents, and heat-responsive sensorial of fruit juices are demanding topics in food processing. Membrane separation is a promising technology to concentrate juice at minimal pressure and temperatures with excellent potential application in food industries from an economical, stable, and standard operation view. Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) have also interested fruit industries owing to the increasing demand for reduced pressure-driven membranes. UF and MF membranes are widely applied in concentrating, clarifying, and purifying various edible products. However, the rising challenge in membrane technology is the fouling propensity which undermines the membrane’s performance and lifespan. This review succinctly provides a clear and innovative view of the various controlling factors that could undermine the membrane performance during fruit juice clarification and concentration regarding its selectivity and permeance. In this article, various strategies for mitigating fouling anomalies during fruit juice processing using membranes, along with research opportunities, have been discussed. This concise review is anticipated to inspire a new research platform for developing an integrated approach for the next-generation membrane processes for efficient fruit juice clarification.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-10-2019
DOI: 10.3390/EN12203981
Abstract: The heat treatment of oil palm fruit using saturated steam (413 K) in conventional oil palm processing has been reported to be ineffective in terms of heat distribution and penetration into the fruit bunch inner layer hence, there is a desire to explore other alternative processes. In this study, oil palm fruit was treated in water at temperatures between 308 K and 343 K. The effects of the treatment on the in vivo activity of the lipase, the abscission layer of the fruit, and the integrity of the oil globule membrane were observed. The results showed in vivo residual lipase activity to be almost completely inactivated after 40 min of heat treatment at 343 K. The micrograph of the fruit mesocarp exhibited disintegration of the oil globule membrane as well as dissolution of the pectin layer architecture of the abscission zone after the treatment at this temperature. A dynamic mathematical modeling of heat transfer was employed, and coupled with reaction kinetics of lipase inactivation. The inactivation kinetics was found to be a non-elementary reaction, and the initial rate constant, k0dec, and activation energy, Edec, of the reaction were estimated to be 0.035 U−0.85/kg-mes−0.85⋅min and 153,052 kJ/kmol, respectively. The findings suggested the viability of water as a medium of heat treatment instead of the conventional steam treatment in oil palm processing.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-04-2021
Abstract: In this study, physical and chemical properties (dry matter, ash, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate, starch, amylose, and vitamin C) of sweet potato tuber and flour of Anggun 1 cultivar were evaluated at different conditions. During peeling, the tuber and flour were processed subjected to three different conditions, which were unpeeled tubers (C1), peeled tubers (C2), and skin of tuber only (C3). From the results, the highest (p 0.05) dry matter was observed in C1 while higher contents of ash, moisture, and protein were found in C3. Regarding the fat and vitamin C content, no significant differences (p 0.05) were found between each condition. The highest fiber, carbohydrate, and amylose content (p 0.05) were found in C1. The C1 and C2 reflected significantly higher (p 0.05) starch content. Overall, these results provide important information about the peeling effect on the physical and chemical properties of Anggun 1. The information could be used as adding value to healthy food in the Malaysian diet due to the nutritional value of sweet potato.
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 10-02-2020
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.4(S1).S01
Abstract: The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an annual herb of the family Convolvulaceae and ranked as the world's seventh most important food crop with a major contribution to energy and phytochemical source of nutrition. Three different conditions of sweet potatoes are unpeeled tuber (UPSP), peeled tuber (PSP) and skin of tuber (SSP). The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical availability (total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and anthocyanin content) in the different parts of the sweet potato tuber. Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) assay showed that phenolic contents for UPSP (41.14±1.69 mg GAE/100 g dry basis) and PSP (42.24±2.19 mg GAE/100 g dry basis) were significantly (50%) higher than SSP (26.01±2.04 mg GAE/100 g dry basis). In terms of flavonoid content, the highest value was retained in PSP (9.55±0.82 mg quercetin/100 g dry basis) followed by UPSP (3.30±0.19 mg quercetin/100 g dry basis) and SSP (1.43 ± 0.03 mg quercetin/100 g dry basis). PSP (9.43±0.08 mg/100 dry basis) had a higher anthocyanin content compared to UPSP (5.21±0.02 b mg/100 g dry basis) and SSP (5.21±0.02 b mg/100 g dry basis). The phytochemical properties were available in all conditions of the sweet potato. However, PSP was suggested to be the most preferable condition for further processing in the sweet potato industry.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2023
No related grants have been discovered for Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor.