ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2973-5337
Current Organisation
Northumbria University
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Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 15-05-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-05-2020
DOI: 10.1113/EP088629
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-011-1974-4
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the reproducibility of pacing strategy, physiological and perceptual responses during simulated 20-km cycling time trials. Seventeen well-trained male cyclists ([Formula: see text] = 4.70 ± 0.33 L min(-1)) completed three 20-km time trials on a Velotron Pro cycle ergometer within a maximum duration of 14 days. During all trials power output, cadence and respiratory exchange were recorded throughout, rating of perceived exertion and affective response were recorded every 2-km and capillary blood was s led and assayed for the determination of lactate concentration every 4-km. Power output data was assigned to 1-km 'bins' and expressed relative to the mean to quantify pacing strategy. Reproducibility of the pacing strategy and the whole trial mean responses was subsequently quantified using typical error (TE) with 90% confidence intervals. The pacing strategy adopted was similar across repeat trials, though there was a higher degree of variability at the start and end of the trial (TE = 6.6 and 6.8% for the first and last 1-km), and a trend for a progressively blunted start on repeat trials. The reproducibility of performance, cardiorespiratory and perceptual measures was good (TE range 1.0-4.0%), but blood lactate exhibited higher variability (TE = 17.7%). The results demonstrate the performance, perceptual and physiological response to self-paced 20-km time trials is reproducible in well-trained cyclists. Future research should acknowledge that variability in pacing strategy at the start and end of a self-paced bout is likely regardless of any intervention employed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.2466/25.07.05.PMS.115.4.213-227
Abstract: This study examined the effect of introducing either a male or female observer on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect of male runners during a moderate intensity running task. 10 moderately active men completed three 20-min. moderate intensity running trials at 60% of their peak treadmill running speed. Each participant completed three trials in random order: control, male-observed, and female-observed, where either the male or female observer joined the trial after 10 min. of the trial had elapsed, during which RPE and affect were monitored. The introduction of a female observer caused a significant decrease in RPE, whereas the introduction of a male observer caused a significant increase in RPE compared to the control trial. Affect was higher in the presence of both a male and female observer compared to control. It was concluded that there is a social, interpersonal, psychological dimension to RPE during exercise.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-03-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-10-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-013-2734-4
Abstract: Previous research has suggested that the optimal pacing strategy for self-paced exercise lasting >4 min is a uniform distribution of work, but this posit is not well established for prolonged endurance events. This study examined the utility of even pacing during 20 km cycling time trials (TTs). Fifteen well-trained male cyclists ([Formula: see text]O2max = 4.80 ± 0.38 L min(-1)) completed three best effort self-paced (SP) simulated 20 km TTs, followed by two even-paced trials. In one even-paced trial, participants cycled to exhaustion (EPtlim) at a fixed intensity equivalent to their best SP performance. In the other EP trial, participants were instructed to maintain this target intensity for a distance of 20 km, but the actual intensity was free to vary depending on the effort and cadence of the cyclist (EP-maintained). Cardiorespiratory, blood lactate and perceptual (RPE and affect) measures were assessed throughout. Nine out of fifteen cyclists failed the EPtlim task, completing 51-83 % (10.3-15.3 km) of the work done in their SP trial. Failure as a result of even pacing was associated with a faster rise in blood lactate, attainment of a higher relative intensity during SP and a moderate fast starting strategy. This failure was independent of the nature of the even-paced task. By adopting an uneven, parabolic distribution of work, cyclists in this study were able to achieve an average intensity during self-paced exercise in excess of their maximum sustainable power output. A subsequent matched even-paced bout resulted in cumulative metabolic stress that could not be managed by moment-to-moment changes in power output. These results challenge the notion that strict even pacing is optimal for endurance time trial events.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-12-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-011-2281-9
Abstract: It has been proposed that an even-pacing strategy is optimal for events lasting 0.05). The results of this study show that, for a time- and work-matched 20-km time trial, an even-paced strategy results in attenuated perturbations in the physiological response and lower perception of effort in comparison to self- and variable-paced strategies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-01-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-010-1818-7
Abstract: Although pacing-related research is widely reported, no studies have described the consistency of pacing strategies or their associated energetic contributions. This study aimed to investigate the consistency of pacing and energetic outlay by establishing the typical within and between trial variations during simulated 4,000 m time trials. Fifteen well-trained male cyclists performed three, 4,000 m time trials with 3-7 days separating each trial. Power output, cadence, heart rate, respiratory exchange and iEMG of the vastus lateralis were recorded continuously throughout each trial. To examine within-trial variability, the data were assigned to 10% bins. Rating of perceived exertion and affective response were recorded every 400 m and a capillary blood s le was collected and assayed for blood lactate concentration every 800 m. Mean typical error across trials 1-3 for all variables was low (range 2.1-6.3%) and lower between trials 2-3 for all variables with the exception of cadence. There were no between-trial differences in pacing strategy however, typical error for each 10% bin was lower between trials 2-3 than trials 1-2. Anaerobic contribution to power was greatest during the first and last 10% of each trial (p > 0.05). In conclusion, well-trained cyclists demonstrated a high degree of consistency in terms of the pacing strategy they adopted which coincided with similar levels of energy distribution and perceived exertion. A laboratory simulated 4-km cycling trial is a reliable test that may be used to monitor performance and pacing strategy.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2018
DOI: 10.1113/EP086982
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Kevin Thomas.