Xianyu Wang

Continuation of opioid replacement program delivery in the aftermath of cyclones in Queensland, Australia: A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of pharmacists and opioid replacement therapy s

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2019.11.007

Abstract: Cyclones can significantly impact on communities and their healthcare services. Community members with chronic diseases, including opioid dependence, who rely on these healthcare services are placed at an increased risk of treatment disruption during a disaster event. Disruptions to the continuity of the opioid replacement therapy (ORT) service can potentially lead to relapse, withdrawal, and risky behaviours in clients with potential repercussions for the community. To explore the effects of Queensland (QLD) cyclones on opioid treatment programs within Queensland community and hospital pharmacies from three perspectives. Qualitative research methods were used. Participants comprised five community pharmacists, four Queensland opioid treatment program (QOTP) employees, and five public hospital pharmacists. Participants were identified as they had worked in Townsville, Rockh ton, Mackay, or Yeppoon in a community impacted by a cyclone and involved with ORT supply. Interviews were recorded and data were analysed by two methods - manual coding and the text analytics software Leximancer®. The two themes that emerged from the manual coding process were 'disaster preparedness' and 'continuity of service'. The key themes from the Leximancer® analysis aligned with the two manual coding themes with no new themes identified. Primary dosing site closures in disaster-affected areas led to increased pressures on hospitals and other community pharmacy dosing sites to supply ORT doses to clients. However, a lack of dosing information available to pharmacists and strict legislative requirements made continuity of ORT supply during these cyclones difficult. Continuation of ORT services during and in the aftermath of a cyclone event is complex. This research highlighted a need for a coordination of efforts and shared dosing information between QOTP employees, community pharmacists, and hospital pharmacists. To improve continuity of ORT services, it is essential that these stakeholders engage with each other in preparing for and responding to future events.

Firefighter undergarments: Assessing contamination and laundering efficacy

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2022.114344

Spatial distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Australia's atmosphere

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1039/C4EM00594E

Abstract: Systematic data for atmospheric POPs and their spatial variations across Australia are presented for the first time.

Biomass burning emissions in north Australia during the early dry season: an overview of the 2014 SAFIRED campaign

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 17-11-2017

DOI: 10.5194/ACP-17-13681-2017

Abstract: Abstract. The SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) c aign took place from 29 May until 30 June 2014 at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in the Northern Territory, Australia. The purpose of this c aign was to investigate emissions from fires in the early dry season in northern Australia. Measurements were made of biomass burning aerosols, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic carbons, greenhouse gases, radon, speciated atmospheric mercury and trace metals. Aspects of the biomass burning aerosol emissions investigated included emission factors of various species, physical and chemical aerosol properties, aerosol aging, micronutrient supply to the ocean, nucleation, and aerosol water uptake. Over the course of the month-long c aign, biomass burning signals were prevalent and emissions from several large single burning events were observed at ATARS.Biomass burning emissions dominated the gas and aerosol concentrations in this region. Dry season fires are extremely frequent and widespread across the northern region of Australia, which suggests that the measured aerosol and gaseous emissions at ATARS are likely representative of signals across the entire region of north Australia. Air mass forward trajectories show that these biomass burning emissions are carried north-west over the Timor Sea and could influence the atmosphere over Indonesia and the tropical atmosphere over the Indian Ocean. Here we present characteristics of the biomass burning observed at the s ling site and provide an overview of the more specific outcomes of the SAFIRED c aign.

Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in urine from young children in Queensland, Australia and associations with environmental and behavioural factors

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2018.02.040

Abstract: In recent years, the production and usage volumes of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) has increased substantially. Certain OPFRs are suspected reproductive toxins, carcinogenic, and neurotoxic. Insufficient information is available on human exposure pathways to these chemicals, particularly in Australia. We aim to assess the association between OPFR concentrations in the urine of children to environmental and behavioural risk factors. Concentrations of eight OPFRs and eleven metabolites were measured in the urine of 51 children, aged 3-29 months, in Southeast Queensland, Australia and compared to their behavioural and environmental risk factor data obtained by an online questionnaire. Of the 11 OPFR metabolites analysed, 55% were frequently detected in the majority (> 80%) of s les. The most frequently detected metabolite was bis(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) (detected in 100% of s les), followed by 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (96%), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) (94%) and bis(1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (BCIPP) (86%). In multivariable modelling, age was positively associated with concentrations of bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and negatively associated with concentrations of BCIPP and BCIPHIPP. Other non-age related factors, including vacuuming frequency, hand-washing frequency and presence and number of some electrical appliances in the home were also associated with concentrations of OPFR metabolites.

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters: Concentrations and age trends in Australian children

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2017.11.019

Abstract: There is growing concern around the use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) due to their suspected reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity, and neurotoxicity. OPEs are used as flame retardants and plasticizers, and due to their extensive application in consumer products, are found globally in the indoor environment. Early life exposure to OPEs is an important risk factor for children's health, but poorly understood. To study age and sex trends of OPE exposures in infants and young children, we collected, pooled, and analysed urine s les from children aged 0-5years from Queensland, Australia for 9 parent OPEs and 11 metabolites. In idual urine s les (n=400) were stratified by age and sex, and combined into 20 pools. Three in idual breast milk s les were also analysed to provide a preliminary estimate on the contribution of breast milk to the intake of OPEs. Bis(1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (BCIPP), 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP), bis(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), dibutyl phosphate (DBP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) 3-hydroxyl-2-butoxyethyl phosphate (3OH-TBOEP), and bis(2-butoxyethyl) hydroxyethyl phosphate (BBOEHEP) were detected in all urine s les, followed by bis(methylphenyl) phosphate (80%), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP, 20%), and bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP, 15%). Concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), BCEP, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), and DBP decreased with age, while bis(methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP) increased with age. Significantly higher concentrations of DPHP (p=0.039), and significantly lower concentrations of TEHP (p=0.006) were found in female s les compared to males. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) via breastfeeding, were 4.6, 26 and 76ng/kg/day for TCEP, TBP and TEHP, respectively, and were higher than that via air and dust, suggesting higher exposure through consumption of breast milk.

Emission Factors for Selected Semivolatile Organic Chemicals from Burning of Tropical Biomass Fuels and Estimation of Annual Australian Emissions

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 21-08-2017

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.EST.7B01392

Abstract: This study reveals that open-field biomass burning can be an important source of various semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) to the atmosphere including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and a range of pesticides. Emission factors (EFs) for 39 in idual SVOCs are determined from burning of various fuel types that are common in tropical Australia. Emissions of PAHs are found to be sensitive to differences in combustion efficiencies rather than fuel types, reflecting a de novo formation mechanism. In contrast, revolatilization may be important for other SVOCs such as PCBs. On the basis of the EFs determined in this work, estimates of the annual emissions of these SVOCs from Australian bushfires/wildfires are achieved, including, for ex le, ∑PAHs (160 (min)-1100 (max) Mg), ∑PCBs (14-300 kg), ∑PBDEs (8.8-590 kg), α-endosulfan (6.5-200 kg), and chlorpyrifos (up to 1400 kg), as well as dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) of ∑dioxin-like-PCBs (0.018-1.4 g). Emissions of SVOCs that are predominantly revolatilized appear to be related to their use history, with higher emissions estimated for chemicals that had a greater historical usage and were banned only recently or are still in use.

Characteristics and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-05-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S10661-009-0946-1

Abstract: A field c aign was conducted to measure and analyze 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six major zones in the city of Shanghai, P.R. China from August 2006 to April 2007. Ambient air s les were collected seasonally using passive air s lers, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used in this field c aign. The results showed that there was a sequence of 13 PAHs at Phen > FA > Pyr > Chr > Fl > An > BaA > BbFA > BghiP > IcdP > BkFA > BaP > DahA and the sum of these PAHs is 36.01 +/- 10.85 ng/m(3) in gas phase. FL, Phen, FA, Pyr, and Chr were the dominant PAHs in gas phase in the city. They contributed 90% of total PAHs in the gas phase. Proportion of measured PAHs with three, four, five, and six rings to total PAHs was 53%, 42%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. The highest concentration of SigmaPAHs (the sum of 13 PAHs) occurred in the wintertime and the lowest was in the summer. This investigation suggested that traffic, wood combustion, and metal scrap burn emissions were dominant sources of the concentrations of PAHs in six city zones compared with coal burning and industry emissions. Further, the traffic emission sources of PAHs in the city were attributed mostly to gasoline-powered vehicles compared with diesel-powered vehicles. It was revealed that the seasonal changes in PAHs in the city depended on different source types. Metal scrap burn was found to be the major source of PAHs during the autumn, while the PAH levels in the atmosphere for winter and spring seasons were mainly influenced by wood and biomass combustion. Comparisons of PAHs among different city zones and with several other cities worldwide were also made and discussed.

Persistent organic pollutants in matched breast milk and infant faeces samples

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2014.09.076

Abstract: Assessing blood concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in infants is difficult due to the ethical and practical difficulties in obtaining sufficient quantities of blood. To determine whether measuring POPs in faeces might reflect blood concentration during infancy, we measured the concentrations of a range of POPs (i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)) in a pilot study using matched breast milk and infant faecal s les obtained from ten mother–child pairs. All infants were breast fed, with 8 of them also receiving solid food at the time of faecal s ling. In this small dataset faecal concentrations (range 0.01–41 ng g(−1) lipid) are strongly associated with milk concentrations (range 0.02–230 ng g(−1) lipid). Associations with other factors generally could not be detected in this dataset, with the exception of a small effect of age or growth. Different sources (external or internal) of exposure appeared to directly influence faecal concentrations of different chemicals based on different inter-in idual variability in the faeces-to-milk concentration ratio Rfm. Overall, the matrix of faeces as an external measure of internal exposure in infants looks promising for some chemicals and is worth assessing further in larger datasets.

Development and validation of a multi-residue method for the analysis of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2016.10.108

Abstract: Flame retardants are associated to numerous adverse health effects, can accumulate in humans and have been used intensively worldwide. Recently, dust has been identified as a major human exposure route for flame retardants. The aim of this study was to develop a multi-residue method using a two-step SPE purification. It enabled us to effectively limit co-extracted matrix/interferets and therefore a simultaneous analysis of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants for indoor dust was achieved. The optimized method was validated according to standard protocol and achieved good accuracy and reproducibility (percent error ranged from -29% to 28%). Standard Reference Material (SRM) for dust was also analysed, and good agreement was found with reported brominated and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) concentrations. The applicability of the validated method was demonstrated by the analysis of ten indoor dust s les from ten Australian homes. Overall 89% of the analytes were detected in these s les. The average concentrations of ∑OPFRs and ∑PBDEs in those s les were 41 and 3.6μg/g, respectively. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate were the most abundant OPFRs, accounting for 57-92% ∑OPFRs, while decabromodiphenyl ether dominated the Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) congeners contributing between 71-94% to the ∑PBDEs.

Semiquantitative Characterization of Bromo-chloro Paraffins and Olefins in the Australian Environment

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 17-08-2022

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.EST.2C03576

Abstract: A semiquantitative high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed and applied to assess the occurrence of bromo-/chloro paraffins (BCPs) and olefins (BCOs) in the environment. More than 400 possible BCPs and BCO congener groups were detected in dust, air, and sewage sludge s les collected from Australia. Median chain analytes with the number of halogen atoms <7 (C

Analysis for sources of atmospheric α- and γ-HCH in gas and particle-associated phase in Dalian, China by multiple regression

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2015.05.025

Monthly variation in faeces:blood concentration ratio of persistent organic pollutants over the first year of life: a case study of one infant

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2016.02.017

Abstract: Previous studies have found that the concentrations of a range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in faeces is linearly proportional to the POP concentrations in blood of human adults irrespective of age and gender. In order to investigate the correlation between POP concentrations in faeces and blood in infants, the monthly variation of POP concentrations in faeces over the first year of life of one infant was investigated in this study and compared to modelled blood concentrations. Faecal s les were collected from one male infant daily. The s les were pooled by month and analysed for three selected POPs (2,2('),4,4('),5,5(')-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and 2,2('),4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47)). The POP concentrations in faecal s les increased for the first four months by a factor of 2.9, 4.9 and 1.4 for PCB153, BDE47, and p,p'-DDE, respectively. The faecal concentrations of all POPs decreased rapidly following the introduction of formula and solid food to the diet and subsequent weaning of the infant. Further, a one-compartment model was developed to estimate the daily POP concentrations in the blood of the infant. The POP concentrations in blood were predicted to vary much less over the first year than those observed in faeces. The faeces:blood concentration ratio of selected POPs (Kfb) differed significantly (P<0.0001) between the period before and after weaning, and observed changes in Kfb are far greater than the uncertainty in the estimated Kfb. A more stable Kfb after weaning indicates the possibility of applying the stable Kfb values for non-invasive assessment of internal exposure in infants after weaning. The intra-in idual variation in Kfb in infants is worthy of further investigation.

Chlorinated paraffins in indoor dust from Australia: Levels, congener patterns and preliminary assessment of human exposure

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.05.170

Abstract: Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a group of polychlorinated n-alkanes with high production volumes. Until now, there are only limited data on the levels of CPs in the environment, especially in the indoor environment. In this study, dust s les were collected from 44 indoor environments, including 27 private houses, 10 offices, and 7 vehicles. Short-, medium-, and long-chain CPs were detected in all dust s les. The median concentration of ∑CPs (C

Stressor dominance and sensitivity‐dependent antagonism: Disentangling the freshwater effects of an insecticide among co‐occurring agricultural stressors

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-06-2019

DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13430

Emissions of Selected Semivolatile Organic Chemicals from Forest and Savannah Fires

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 18-01-2016

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.EST.6B03503

Abstract: The emission factors (EFs) for a broad range of semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) from subtropical eucalypt forest and tropical savannah fires were determined for the first time from in situ investigations. Significantly higher (t test, P < 0.01) EFs (μg kg

Changes in atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls between the 1990s and 2010s in an Australian city and the role of bushfires as a source

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2016.02.020

Abstract: Over recent decades, efforts have been made to reduce human exposure to atmospheric pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through emission control and abatement. Along with the potential changes in their concentrations resulting from these efforts, profiles of emission sources may have also changed over such extended timeframes. However relevant data are quite limited in the Southern Hemisphere. We revisited two s ling sites in an Australian city, where the concentration data in 1994/5 for atmospheric PAHs and PCBs were available. Monthly air s les from July 2013 to June 2014 at the two sites were collected and analysed for these compounds, using similar protocols to the original study. A prominent seasonal pattern was observed for PAHs with elevated concentrations in cooler months whereas PCB levels showed little seasonal variation. Compared to two decades ago, atmospheric concentrations of ∑13 PAHs (gaseous + particle-associated) in this city have decreased by approximately one order of magnitude and the apparent halving time (t1/2) was estimated as 6.2 ± 0.56 years. ∑6iPCBs concentrations (median value gaseous + particle-associated) have decreased by 80% with an estimated t1/2 of 11 ± 2.9 years. These trends and values are similar to those reported for comparable sites in the Northern Hemisphere. To characterise emission source profiles, s les were also collected from a bushfire event and within a vehicular tunnel. Emissions from bushfires are suggested to be an important contributor to the current atmospheric concentrations of PAHs in this city. This contribution is more important in cooler months, i.e. June, July and August, and its importance may have increased over the last two decades.

Concentrations of Organophosphate Esters and Their Specific Metabolites in Food in Southeast Queensland, Australia: Is Dietary Exposure an Important Pathway of Organophosphate Esters and Their Metabolites?

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 10-10-2018

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.EST.8B03043

Abstract: There were several studies that measured organophosphate esters (OPEs) in foods to assess the dietary intake of OPEs but none has measured OPE metabolites (mOPEs) in the same s les. In this study, we measured the concentrations of OPEs and mOPEs in 87 food s les and in five tap water s les collected in Queensland, Australia belonging to eight food groups. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) (detection frequency (DF), 77%) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) (DF, 71%), were the most frequently detected OPEs, while dibutyl phosphate (DBP) (DF, 84%) and diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) (DF, 86%) were the most frequently detected mOPEs. Vegetables had the highest concentrations of both ∑

In vitro biotransformation and evaluation of potential transformation products of chlorinated paraffins by high resolution accurate mass spectrometry

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2020.124245

Organophosphate and brominated flame retardants in Australian indoor environments: Levels, sources, and preliminary assessment of human exposure

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2017.12.017

Abstract: Concentrations of nine organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in s les of indoor dust (n = 85) and air (n = 45) from Australian houses, offices, hotels, and transportation (buses, trains, and aircraft). All target compounds were detected in indoor dust and air s les. Median ∑

Release of Plastics to Australian Land from Biosolids End-Use.

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 17-11-2020

DOI: 10.1021/ACS.EST.0C05867

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and legacy and current pesticides in indoor environment in Australia – occurrence, sources and exposure risks

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.133588

Abstract: Paired indoor air and floor dust s les were collected from residential houses and offices (n = 28) in two Australian cities in 2015. For the air s les, a modified passive air s ler (PAS) was used to collect semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in gaseous phase and airborne particles simultaneously. S ling rates (R) of the PAS for gaseous SVOCs ranged from 0.69 to 3.4 m

Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE230100466

Start Date: 04-2023

End Date: 03-2026

Amount: $413,542.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP220101462

Start Date: 05-2023

End Date: 04-2027

Amount: $724,450.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP210100059

Start Date: 02-2023

End Date: 02-2026

Amount: $202,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP220100200

Start Date: 2023

End Date: 12-2025

Amount: $159,179.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP200200591

Start Date: 04-2022

End Date: 04-2025

Amount: $296,579.00

Funder: Australian Research Council