ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4737-1760
Current Organisations
University of Bristol
,
Bristol City Council
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.698
Abstract: to describe normative data for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a UK African-Caribbean population and compare these with norms for white UK-born elders. a comparison of MMSE data from two cross-sectional surveys. the MMSE had been administered to a community UK African-Caribbean population and scores were compared to norms from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (CFAS). MMSE data were analysed for 248 African-Caribbean participants aged 55-75 and 5379 CFAS participants aged 65-74, without visual or auditory problems. Distributions of scores were tabulated and error rates for in idual items compared. Median MMSE scores were 25 (interquartile range 22-27) for the whole African-Caribbean s le, 24 (22-27) for those aged 65-75 in the African-Caribbean s le, and 27 (25-29) for CFAS. Differences in error rates were specific to particular items: naming the season, serial seven subtraction, phrase repetition, three-stage command, and copying intersecting pentagons. These differences persisted when both s les were restricted to those with statutory duration of education, who were literate and who had worked in non-manual occupations. Normative data are displayed for MMSE scores in both groups. different distributions of MMSE scores between UK African-Caribbean and Caucasian groups can be principally explained by cultural bias in certain items. If the MMSE is to be administered to older African-Caribbean people, specific normative data should be referred to or else a culturally modified version of the instrument should be used.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-05-2005
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2006
Abstract: This review examines the evidence for screening for autism spectrum disorders in the general population and the information needed to inform screening policy. The UK National Screening Committee criteria are taken as the framework. These criteria cover the condition, the screening test, the treatment and the screening programme as a whole. With respect to the condition, reasons for variation in prevalence estimates for autism spectrum disorders need to be resolved and there are few longitudinal studies to describe the natural history of autism spectrum disorders that include data on children identified at an early age. There is no screening test suitable for use in a population setting that has been fully validated. There is insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions. This review supports the current policy position of the National Screening Committee, that on the basis of existing evidence, screening for autism spectrum disorders cannot be recommended.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2005
Abstract: The Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST) is a parental questionnaire to screen for autism spectrum conditions. In this validation study, the CAST was distributed to 1925 children aged 5-11 in mainstream Cambridgeshire schools. A s le of participants received a full diagnostic assessment, conducted blind to screen status. The sensitivity of the CAST, at a designated cut-point of 15, was 100 percent, the specificity was 97 percent and the positive predictive value was 50 percent, using the group’s consensus diagnosis as the gold standard. The accuracy indices varied with the case definition used. The sensitivity of the accuracy statistics to case definition and to missing data was explored. The CAST is useful as a screening test for autism spectrum conditions in epidemiological research. There is not currently enough evidence to recommend the use of the CAST as a screening test within a public health screening programme in the general population.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-04-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-008-0558-6
Abstract: The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) (formally known as the Childhood Asperger Screening Test) identifies autism spectrum conditions by measuring social and communication skills. The present study explored the sex distribution of scores. The CAST was distributed to 11,635 children aged 4-9 years in Cambridgeshire primary schools (UK). 3,370 (29%) were returned. The median score was significantly higher in boys (median test, P or= 15. Exclusion of children with ASC did not significantly affect the results. We conclude that different profiles of social and communication skills in boys and girls must be taken into account when measuring these skills in the general population.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1192/BJP.BP.108.059345
Abstract: Recent reports estimate the prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions in the UK to be 1%. To use different methods to estimate the prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions, including previously undiagnosed cases, in Cambridgeshire. We carried out a survey of autism-spectrum conditions using the Special Educational Needs (SEN) register. A diagnosis survey was distributed to participating schools to be handed out to parents of all children aged 5–9 years. The mainstream primary school population was screened for unknown cases. The prevalence estimates generated from the SEN register and diagnosis survey were 94 per 10 000 and 99 per 10 000 respectively. A total of 11 children received a research diagnosis of an autism-spectrum condition following screening and assessment. The ratio of known:unknown cases is about 3:2 (following statistical weighting procedures). Taken together, we estimate the prevalence to be 157 per 10 000, including previously undiagnosed cases. This study has implications for planning diagnostic, social and health services.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2006
Abstract: The Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST) is a 37-item parental self-completion questionnaire to screen for autism spectrum conditions in research. Good test accuracy was demonstrated in studies with primary school aged children in mainstream schools. The aim of this study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of the CAST . Parents of 1000 children in years 1–6 in five mainstream primary schools in Cambridgeshire received the CAST. A second identical questionnaire was posted to respondents after approximately 2 weeks. Both mailings generated 136 responses. Agreement above and below a screening cut-point of 15 was investigated.The kappa statistic for agreement ( 15 versus ≥ 15) was 0.70, and 97 percent (95 percent CI: 93–99 percent) of children did not move across the cut-point of 15. The correlation between the two test scores was 0.83 (Spearman's rho).The CAST has shown good test–retest reliability, and now requires further investigation in a high-scoring s le.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2007
Abstract: The Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST) is a 37-item parental self-completion questionnaire designed to screen for high-functioning autism spectrum conditions in epidemiological research. The CAST has previously demonstrated good accuracy for use as a screening test, with high sensitivity in studies with primary school aged children in mainstream schools. This study aimed to investigate test–retest reliability of the CAST in a high scoring s le. To this end, 73 parents filled in the second CAST (CAST-2) within approximately 2 months of the first administration of the CAST (CAST-1). Agreement above and below the cut-point of 15 was investigated. The kappa statistic for agreement ( versus ≥15) was 0.41. It was found that 70 percent (95% CI: 58, 80) of children did not move across the cut-point of 15. The correlation between the two test scores was 0.67 (Spearman's rho). The CAST shows moderate test–retest reliability in a high scoring s le, further evidence that it is a relatively robust screening tool for epidemiological research.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Jo Williams.