ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5207-2407
Current Organisation
Deakin University - Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds
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Sustainable design | Timber engineering | Automation and technology in building and construction | Building |
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MA16113993
Abstract: The construction industry is facing increased demand for adopting sustainable ‘green’ building materials to minimise the carbon footprint of the infrastructure sector to meet the United Nations 2030 Sustainability Goals. Natural bio-composite materials such as timber and bamboo have been widely used in construction for centuries. Hemp has also been used in different forms in the construction sector for decades for its thermal and acoustic insulation capability owing to its moisture buffering capacity and thermal conductivity. The current research aims to explore the possible application of hydrophilic hemp shives for assisting the internal curing of concrete materials as a biodegradable alternative to currently used chemical products. The properties of hemp have been assessed based on their water absorption and desorption properties associated with their characteristic sizes. It was observed that, in addition to its excellent moisture absorption capacity, hemp released most of its absorbed moisture into the surroundings under a high relative humidity ( %) the best outcome was observed for smaller hemp particles ( .36 mm). Furthermore, when compared to typical internal curing agents such as lightweight aggregates, hemp showed a similar behaviour in releasing its absorbed moisture to the surroundings indicating its potential application as a natural internal curing agent for concrete materials. An estimate of the volume of hemp shives required to provide a similar curing response to traditional internal curing techniques has been proposed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-02-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1651-2227.2008.00673.X
Abstract: To evaluate the association between infant fussing and crying and developmental outcome in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Hundred and seventeen VLBW infants were followed up to 24 months of corrected age. The duration of fussing and crying and frequency of fuss/cry bouts were measured at term 6 weeks and 5 months of corrected age. Cognitive and motor development was assessed at 24 months of corrected age. The increased duration of combined fuss/cry at term associated with lower psychomotor developmental index (PDI), [regression coefficient (b)=-0.83, p=0.025]. Crying at term associated negatively with mental developmental index (MDI) (b=-0.91, p=0.040) and PDI (b=-1.10, p=0.015). The associations between fuss/cry and PDI, and crying and PDI persisted in multiple regression analysis (b=-0.89, p=0.030 and b=-1.23, p=0.018, respectively). Excessive fuss/cry (>or=180 min/day) at term associated with lower PDI (p=0.005) and at 6 weeks with lower MDI (p=0.024) and PDI (p=0.012). Increase in the frequency of fuss/cry bouts at 5 months associated with higher PDI in both simple (b=2.90, p=0.045) and in multiple regression analysis (b=3.60, p=0.019). In VLBW infants, longer duration of fussing and crying in very early infancy, but not at 5 months, is associated with less optimal development at 24 months of age.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-04-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1051/MATECCONF/201927501002
Abstract: This paper investigates the compression behaviour of 18 Parallel Bamboo Strand Lumber specimens. 25 mm × 25 mm square specimens with varying heights and fibre orientations were tested. Test results indicated typical 5-stage failure path, and a 45º failure plane in all specimens when the compression load was applied parallel to the fibres. Specimen height did not affect the ultimate load carrying capacities but showed considerable influence on the initial stiffness as well as the post-ultimate loading regime. Experimental results showed that the deformation ratio and the energy absorption ratio for longer specimens were not affected by fibre orientations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/INFA.12206
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-09-2017
Abstract: In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed to investigate the pressure–impulse response of the steel plates with semi-rigid connections under blast loads. The strain rate effect on the material properties is considered, and a number of spring elements are used for simulating the plate to support connections. Once verified, the developed finite element model is then used to investigate the effects of a series of parameters on the blast resistance and energy absorption capability of the steel plates, including the effects of connection rigidity, plate thickness, impulse loading and the shape of corrugation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 11-10-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 11-10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 21-08-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS13041011
Abstract: Increasing concerns regarding carbon emissions and climate change are prompting a shift toward the use of sustainable materials in the construction industry. Engineered timber products are gaining attention in the construction industry due to advancements in lamination techniques and adhesives as well as the renewable characteristics of wood. Bond properties play a significant role in engineered timber products. In Australia, Radiata Pine (RP, softwood) and Shining Gum (SG, hardwood) share a large proportion of local and native plantation forest resources. The present paper investigates the bond behaviours of Australian softwoods (RP–RP), hardwoods (SG–SG) and hybrid-wood (RP–SG) combinations in both parallel (PAL) and perpendicular (PER) bonding directions using one-component polyurethane adhesives. The results indicate that most of the softwood s les were subjected to wood-side (timber) failure, whereas hardwood s les failed due to delamination but exhibited higher strength and stiffness regardless of bond direction. In contrast, bond direction had a significant effect on the bond characteristics of hybrid configurations. Improved bond properties were observed when bonded in PAL directions however, negative effects were seen when bonded in PER directions. Obtained characteristic (5th percentile) shear bond strengths for RP–RP–PAL, RP–SG–PAL and SG–SG–PAL s les were 3.88 MPa, 6.19 MPa and 8.34 MPa, whilst those for RP–RP–PER, RP–SG–PER and SG–SG–PER s les were 3.45 MPa, 2.96 MPa and 7.83 MPa, respectively.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Author(s)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5044810
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Author(s)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5044811
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS10100184
Abstract: Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product made up of layers of structurally graded timber, where subsequent layers are oriented orthogonally to each other. In CLT, the layers oriented in transverse direction, generally termed as cross-layer, are subjected to shear in radial–tangential plane, which is commonly known as rolling shear. As the shear modulus of cross-layers is significantly lower than that in other planes, CLT exhibits higher shear deformation under out-of-plane loading in contrast to other engineered wood products such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and glue laminated timber (GLT). Several analytical methods such as Timoshenko, modified gamma and shear analogy methods were proposed to account for this excessive shear deformation in CLT. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of Timoshenko method in hybrid CLT, in which hardwood cross-layers are used due to their higher rolling shear modulus. A comprehensive numerical study was conducted and obtained results were carefully analyzed for a range of hybrid combinations. It was observed that Timoshenko method could not accurately predict the shear response of CLTs with hardwood cross layers. Comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to generate reliable numerical results, which were subsequently used to propose modified design equations for hybrid CLTs.
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Date: 07-2006
Abstract: OBJECTIVES. The objective of this study was to assess crying behavior during infancy in very preterm infants with or without brain injury. METHODS. A total of 125 very low birth weight infants survived during January 2001 to July 2004 in Turku University Hospital, Finland. They were categorized according to the most pathologic brain finding either in ultrasound or MRI. Baby Day Diary was used to assess crying behavior at term, 6 weeks, and 5 months of corrected age. The behavior of a group of term control infants (n = 49) was assessed at 5 months. RESULTS. Severe brain injuries in very low birth weight infants did not affect the duration of fussing or crying. In very low birth weight infants, brain injuries did not affect the frequency of fussing or crying bouts or the development of circadian rhythm in crying behavior. At 5 months of corrected age, fussing bouts were more frequent in very low birth weight infants compared with term control infants (6.4 per day vs 4.5 per day), and very low birth weight infants were held more (169 minutes [97] vs 130 minutes [69], respectively). CONCLUSIONS. This prospective study using a validated cry diary showed that brain injuries that are related to prematurity do not have major effects on crying behavior or development of circadian rhythm. Prematurity does not increase the duration but increases the frequency of fussing and crying at 5 months of corrected age compared with term control infants. It also seems that prematurity and brain pathology may increase caregiving activity in the form of holding.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-10-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/F14040711
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation on the influence of various factors on rolling shear (RS) properties of timber feedstock for cross laminated timber (CLT) available from Australian plantation forest resources. Comparison of RS properties between three softwood species namely southern pine, radiata pine and hoop pine are presented. Furthermore, the effect of modulus of elasticity (MOE), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), aspect ratio, knots and projection length on rolling shear behaviour were investigated. Mean RS modulus for radiata pine, southern pine and hoop pine s les were 74.7 MPa, 87.1 MPa and 99.7 MPa, whilst the RS strength of those species were 2.6 MPa, 3.1 MPa and 3.7 MPa, respectively. Radiata pine s les exhibited the lowest values for RS modulus and strength, almost 30% less than those of hoop pine s les. The study confirmed that the density and MOE had a very weak correlation with RS properties for all pine species. There was an obvious decrease in RS modulus (by 18%) when the woods’ conditioned EMC changed from 8% to 12%. A further 33% decrease was observed when the woods’ conditioned EMC increased from 12% to 16%. However, the percentage increase in RS strength was found to be 23% higher in wood with 12% conditioned EMC while compared against wood conditioned to 16% EMC. RS strength improved with increased aspect ratio however, RS modulus remained almost unaffected. Moreover, the projection length that resulted in the load passing through the centroid of the specimen resulted in lower RS modulus values, but the presence of knots improved both RS strength and modulus for all three tested species.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS12091490
Abstract: The mechanical properties of the structural components (i.e., columns and beams produced from engineered bamboo products), such as, bamboo scrimber (also known as parallel bamboo strand lumber, PBSL) and Laminated Bamboo Lumber (LBL), have attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years. In previous studies, researchers reported on the stress-strain behaviour of bamboo scrimber, LBL and glue laminated bamboo under compression and proposed some empirical and semi-empirical models, based on their in idual studies. However, a generic constitutive model for engineered bamboo products is still not available. The compressive stress-strain curves of bamboo scrimber and LBL are reported to show a similar behaviour with three distinct stages i.e., a linear elastic stage followed by a nonlinear plastic stage and a plateau. As part of the current study, the previously proposed models for bamboo scrimber were carefully studied and all available material test results on engineered bamboo were used to develop a generic constitutive model, based on the Ramberg-Osgood (RO) formulation considering its suitability to capture its material nonlinearity. Based on the test results, it was observed that 1% proof stress can be used in a compound RO model to predict an accurate material response for bamboo scrimber. The proposed modelling technique has also been applied to predict the compressive behaviour of LBL. This paper proposes the RO coefficients for both bamboo scrimber and LBL that can be used to develop accurate nonlinear models for engineered bamboo products.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2014.02.007
Abstract: It is not clearly understood how the quality of early mother-child interaction influences language development in very-low-birth-weight children (VLBW). We aim to analyze associations between early language and the quality of mother-child interaction, and, the predictive value of the features of early mother-child interaction on language development at 24 months of corrected age in VLBW children. A longitudinal prospective follow-up study design was used. The participants were 28 VLBW children and 34 full-term controls. Language development was measured using different methods at 6, 12 and at 24 months of age. The quality of mother-child interaction was assessed using PC-ERA method at 6 and at 12 months of age. Associations between the features of early interaction and language development were different in the groups of VLBW and full-term children. There were no significant correlations between the features of mother-child interaction and language skills when measured at the same age in the VLBW group. Significant longitudinal correlations were detected in the VLBW group especially if the quality of early interactions was measured at six months and language skills at 2 years of age. However, when the predictive value of the features of early interactions for later poor language performance was analyzed separately, the features of early interaction predicted language skills in the VLBW group only weakly. The biological factors may influence on the language development more in the VLBW children than in the full-term children. The results also underline the role of maternal and dyadic factors in early interactions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-07-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-017-0709-0
Abstract: In the present review, we examine the association between maternal prenatal stress or anxiety and children's early negative reactivity or self-regulation. The review includes 32 studies that focus on pregnancy-related anxiety, state or trait anxiety, perceived stress, and stressful life events in relation to child's crying, temperament, or behavior during the first 2 years of life. We searched four electronic databases and 32 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Twenty-three studies found an association between maternal prenatal anxiety or stress and a child's negative reactivity or self-regulation, and typically the effect sizes varied from low to moderate. The association was found regardless of the form of prenatal stress or anxiety and the trimester in which the prenatal stress or anxiety was measured. In conclusion, several forms of prenatal anxiety and stress may increase the risk of emotional and self-regulatory difficulties during the first 2 years of life.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-08-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU151612435
Abstract: E-waste or electronic waste uses electrical power from a power cord lug/battery. Construction and demolition (C& D) industries use various electronic components such as cables, switches, sockets, electrical heat pumps, air conditioning systems, and solar panels, which become e-waste at the end-of-life-cycle stages. E-waste contains valuable metals/non-metals lastics that are recoverable and recyclable. E-waste disposal is banned from landfills in Victoria (Australia), because of their toxic components that require an additional waste separation process to avoid considerable environmental emissions and costs of separation and safe disposal. This paper aims to review the alternative circularity scenarios for recoverable materials from e-waste the C& D industries. Alternative scenarios for e-waste handling and management originating from the C& D industries are assessed in the current study. We identify and assess the important circularity indicators and waste management steps that would drive towards the identification of future initiatives or policy development to increase the resource recovery from e-waste. The policies would help to advocate for policy development for the C& D industries’ e-wastes.
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Date: 04-2012
Abstract: The purpose was to explore whether poor parental psychological well-being is associated with behavioral problems of very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500 g) infants at 3 years of age. In this prospective cohort study, 189 VLBW preterm infants born between January 2001 and December 2006 at the Turku University Hospital, Finland, were followed. Validated questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, Parenting Stress Index, and Sense of Coherence Scale) were mailed to the parents when their children were 2 years corrected age. A total of 140 parents evaluated the behavior of the child at 3 years by filling out the Child Behavior Checklist. There were significant associations between most of the measures of parental symptoms of depression, parenting stress, and sense of coherence and the behavioral outcome of the VLBW infants. The concomitant symptoms of both parents were associated with more problematic child behavior. Parents report more behavioral and emotional problems in VLBW children at age 3 if they themselves have had symptoms of depression, parenting stress, or weak sense of coherence 1 year earlier. The new finding of this study was to show the significance of the father’s psychological well-being on the behavioral development of a preterm child.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0412.2011.01304.X
Abstract: Early mother-infant relationships in preterm populations were evaluated in the context of a systematic review of the literature. A systematic search of three electronic databases (PsychINFO, PubMed and Cochrane Library) was undertaken. Three studies of maternal attachment, 18 studies of mother-preterm infant interaction and eight studies of infant attachment were included. Studies of preterm infant attachment were also evaluated using a meta-analysis. Studies of mother-preterm infant interactions showed that the differences in maternal interaction behavior between mothers of preterm infants and mothers of full-term infants seem to be most evident during the first six months of life. Differences in the preterm infant's interaction behavior seem also to continue for six months after birth. However, five of 18 studies showed an equal or even higher quality of mother-infant interaction in groups of preterm compared to groups of full-term infants. Studies of maternal and infant attachment indicated that preterm infants and their mothers are not at higher risk of insecure attachment than full-term infants and their mothers. The mother-preterm infant relationship is complex, and some relational patterns forecast greater psychological risk than others. It is important to decrease maternal stress and early separation in every possible way during hospitalization as well as after discharge.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/CONSTRMATER2010002
Abstract: Due to routine maintenance of aircraft on the concrete pavement at army airbases, a large part of the pavement surface is often found saturated with different hydrocarbon-based oil, fuel, and fluid. In addition, the pavement concrete is subjected to the aircraft’s exhaust temperature during operation. This study examined the resistance ability of 3 different cementitious materials: (i) epoxy, (ii) fly ash (FA) based geopolymer with various alkali to fly ash (AL/FA) ratios and (iii) Portland cement (PC) mortar under a simulated airfield circumstance. The mortar specimens were repetitively exposed to a mixture of synthetic engine oil, hydraulic fluids, jet fuel and elevated temperatures (175 °C) for 5 months simultaneously. During the exposures, geopolymer and PC mortar both suffered saponification. The degree of saponification of geopolymer s les is found to be highly reliant on the AL/FA ratios. On the contrary, the epoxy mortar was found to be resistant to saponification. It was also found that the PC mortar developed numerous thermal cracks but epoxy and geopolymer did not experience any visual thermal cracks under the same conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 21-08-2012
DOI: 10.1201/B13139-62
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: ISEC Press
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.14455/ISEC.RES.2015.156
Abstract: The Continuous Strength Method (CSM) is a new strain based design approach developed for nonlinear metallic materials, and has recently been successfully used for stocky stainless steel sections for which the benefit of strain hardening is more pronounced. Typically available stainless steel cross-sections are quite slender, and their failure is dominated by local plate buckling before yielding showing significant post buckling, which does not allow the definition of cross-section deformation capacity currently adopted in CSM. In this paper, a concept of equivalent elastic deformation capacity is introduced for slender sections, and the scope of CSM is extended to predict capacities for slender cross-sections under compression. Design guidelines are proposed to calculate equivalent elastic deformation capacities for various cross-section types using the current knowledge of CSM, which is used to predict the ultimate section capacity when subjected to compression. The proposed rules are verified against all available test results, and are found to in good agreement with experimental evidence.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1651-2227.2011.02428.X
Abstract: To assess the associations between cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and measures of parental psychological well-being. In this prospective cohort study, 182 VLBW infants born 1/2001-12/2006 at the Turku University Hospital, Finland, were followed up. At 2 years corrected age, cognitive development of the child was assessed using the Mental Development Index of Bayley Scales, and both parents filled in validated questionnaires defining parental psychological well-being (Beck Depression Inventory, Parenting Stress Index and Sense of Coherence Scale). The cognitive delay of the infant was associated with paternal symptoms of depression (p = 0.007) and parenting stress (p = 0.03). Mothers of the infants with cognitive delay reported increased parenting stress related to the difficulty to accept the child (p = 0.001). Weak sense of coherence predicted depressive symptoms in both parents (p < 0.0001). Even if the fathers of VLBW infants experienced depressive symptoms less often than the mothers, the ability of the fathers to cope was significantly associated with the cognitive development of the infant. In addition, the fathers reported more parenting stress if the infant had a cognitive delay. The mothers reported more parenting stress related to accepting the VLBW infant with cognitive delay.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: ISEC Press
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.14455/ISEC.RES.2015.158
Abstract: The design philosophy of stainless steel requires appropriate recognition of observed material nonlinearity and pronounced strain hardening. A rational method namely, the Continuous Strength Method (CSM) has recently been to incorporate these effects but, in its current form, CSM yields better results for stocky sections. In idual capacities (i.e., pure compression and pure bending) for all types of sections and cross-section resistance against combined loading (i.e. compression plus bending) for RHS and I-sections can be predicted using CSM. The current research numerically investigates the performance of stainless steel lipped channel (LC) sections subjected to compression and bending. Nonlinear finite element models are developed and validated using available experimental results, and are consequently used to generate additional results for a wide range of cross-sections through parametric studies. Current CSM guidelines are used to propose a new set of formulations for predicting the section resistance of lipped channel sections subjected to combined loading.
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Date: 02-2014
Abstract: To study how the early crying behavior of preterm infants at term, 6 weeks, and 5 months of corrected age is related to later behavioral problems at age 3 and 4 years and parenting stress at 2 and 4 years. The study group included 202 live-born, low birth weight infants (birth weight ≤1500 g) born from January 2001 through December 2006 at the Turku University Hospital, Finland. A Baby Day Diary was used to assess the preterm infants’ crying behavior at term, 6 weeks, and 5 months of corrected age. The children’s behavior was assessed using the Child Behavior Check List at 3 and 4 years old, and parenting stress was assessed by using the Parenting Stress Index when the child was 2 and 4 years old. The duration and frequency of crying bouts in infancy was associated with Child Behavior Check List scores at 4 years old and to both mothers’ and fathers’ stress when the child was 2 and 4 years old. Early excessive crying, especially if lasting up to 5 months of corrected age, is a clinically relevant signal in preterm infants because it may reflect infants’ regulatory problems and/or parenting stress. The crying behavior of preterm infants should be systematically inquired about at well-baby clinics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-06-2016
DOI: 10.1002/IMHJ.21578
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/SJOP.12294
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.INFBEH.2010.03.010
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between maternal representations and the quality of mother-infant interaction in a group of preterm and full-term infants. The study groups consisted of 38 mothers and their preterm infants (</=1500g or<32 gestational weeks) and 45 mothers and their full-term infants. Maternal representations were assessed using the Working Model of Child Interview (WMCI) at 12 months of the infant's corrected age. The quality of mother-infant interaction was studied using the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment (PCERA) method at 6 and 12 months of the infant's corrected age. The results showed that maternal representations are related to the quality of mother-infant interaction in a parallel manner in preterm and full-term infants and their mothers. Furthermore, distorted representations were more strongly related to a higher number of areas of concern in mother-infant interaction than other representation classifications. Our results underline the importance of combined assessment of the subjective experiences of the mother and the quality of mother-infant interaction in clinical follow-up. This is the first study to describe the relation between maternal attachment representations and the quality of mother-infant interaction involving preterm infants.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/EN16104182
Abstract: Wood is a renewable material that can store biogenic carbon, and waste wood can be recycled to recover bioenergy. The amount of energy recovery from the waste wood can vary depending on the type of wood and its chemical and structural properties. This paper will analyse the life cycle environmental impact of energy recovery from waste wood, starting from the wood production stage. These are cradle-to-cradle systems, excluding the use phase and the waste collection phase. The types of waste wood considered in the current study are softwood, hardwood, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), plywood, and particleboard. The results showed that all waste wood has great potential to produce energy while reducing climate change impact. Hardwood and softwood products showed the most beneficial aspects in terms of energy recovery from waste wood and thus could help to reduce harmful environmental emissions. However, MDF and particleboard show the least potential for energy recovery as they contribute to the greatest emissions among all types of wood products. The outcomes of this study could be used as guiding principles for Australia to consider waste-to-energy recovery facility establishment to generate additional energy while reducing waste wood.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2013.12.009
Abstract: Preterm children are at risk for developing behavioral and emotional problems, as well as being less socially competent. Premature birth causes chronic distress in the parents. The aim of the paper is to discover whether parental psychological well-being is associated with the social, behavioral, and functional development of very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500g) children at 5years of age. A longitudinal prospective cohort study. A cohort of 201 VLBW infants (≤1500g, <37weeks of gestation) born during 2001-2006 in Turku University Hospital, Finland was studied. At 4-year chronological age of their child, parents independently completed validated questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, Parenting Stress Index and Sense of Coherence Scale). At 5years, parents and day-care providers evaluated the development of the child by completing the Five to Fifteen questionnaire. The parents of VLBW children reported significantly more problems in child development compared to the Finnish normative data. Depressive symptoms and weaker sense of coherence in mothers, but not in fathers, were associated with more problems in child development. Parenting stress, for both mothers and fathers, was associated with developmental problems in their child at 5years of age. Maternal depressive symptoms and parenting stress of both parents may be risk factors for the social, behavioral, and functional development of 5-year-old preterm children. On the other hand, stronger maternal sense of coherence may be a protective factor.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00107-022-01820-8
Abstract: A reliable and efficient numerical modelling technique is essential to investigate the behaviour of timber and engineered timber products to promote their widespread use in construction. Wood is an anisotropic material and hence its mechanical properties largely depend on grain direction and type of loading i.e., material behaves differently under compression and tension. Material responses under tension parallel and perpendicular to the grain directions have been reported in the literature but the relevant progressive fracture behaviour has been ignored in typical numerical simulations, due to the complexities and uncertainties around modelling as well as lack of reliable test data. Fracture characteristics play a significant role in analysing crack initiation, propagation, and failure modes of timber so that its full potential can be utilised by knowing the post-elastic behaviour. This paper applies and compares four continuum damage mechanics based constitutive material models (MAT-22, MAT54/55, MAT-143 and MAT-261) available in the commercial finite element software LS-DYNA for simulating the post-elastic behaviour of general timber lamella products. Timber was modelled as both orthotropic and transversely isotropic material to simulate the fracture behaviour in tensile load cases. It is shown that the predicted fracture properties correlate well with experimental data. It was observed that all considered built-in continuum damage models in LS-DYNA are able to simulate the elastic response, but MAT-261, which was originally developed for modelling fibre reinforced composite materials, provides a simple yet reliable option for simulating fracture behaviour of timber.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS12081124
Abstract: This study demonstrates the moment resistance performance of various splice connections of cross-laminated timber (CLT) subjected to flatwise bending. A total of 33 s les in two groups (half-lapped and single-splined) were tested under four-point bending. The influence of fastener types on the half-lapped connections was investigated. Additionally, different lap lengths were considered to understand the influence of lap length on different fastener types. Steel plates with two different thicknesses and plywoods were attached with bolts onto the bottom face only to make the single spline connections. Additionally, plywoods were attached to the CLT members in two ways: (i) with the bolt only and (ii) glue plus bolts. The effect of bolt diameters on the spline connections was also examined, and the connections were tested along both the major and minor axes. To determine the characteristic values of the resistance properties, a statistical analysis was carried out following EN 14358:2016. The results indicate the bolted lap connections experience plastic deformations, whereas the screwed lap connections exhibit relatively linear behaviour until failure. The bolted and screwed lap connection with a lap length of 100 mm showed 39% and 33% higher moment capacity, respectively, than that with a 75 mm lap length. Additionally, the rotational rigidity and ductility of the lap connections increase with the increase in lap length. Irrespective of lap lengths, the bolted lap connections show higher moment capacity, support rotation and ductility, but lower rotational rigidity than screwed lap connections. An increase in bolt diameter increases moment capacity but decreases rotational rigidity. Compared to the plywood spline connections, the steel spline connections showed approximately 24%, 5% and 73% higher moment capacity, rotational rigidity and ductility, respectively. Additionally, the plywood spline connections without glue performed better than glued connections. Overall, compared to the half-lapped connections, the single-spline connections showed better performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-09-2017
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYX173
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2016.04.020
Abstract: Maternal prenatal stress has been related to infant negative affect. However, it is still unclear how different sources of maternal prenatal stress such as depressive, anxiety and pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms are associated with reactivity outcomes. This study aimed to test the associations between different sources of maternal prenatal stress and the aspects of infant emotional reactivity at six months. Our study population (n=282) was drawn from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Prenatal stress was measured by questionnaires on maternal depression, general anxiety and pregnancy-specific anxiety at three time points across pregnancy (gwk 14, 24, 34). Based on the symptom scores, the s le was ided into mothers with high stress during pregnancy (n=110) and mothers with low stress during pregnancy (n=172). Mother-reported infant emotional reactivity and its subscales were measured six months postpartum. After controlling for background variables and maternal postnatal symptoms, overall negative emotional reactivity (β=0.20, p<0.01), and its aspects fearfulness (β=0.15, p=.057) and falling reactivity (β=-0.22, p<0.01), were predicted by only pregnancy-specific anxiety. No significant predictors were found for infant positive reactivity after adjusting for confounders. Mother reports of both maternal symptoms and infant reactivity were used, which might increase the risk of reporting bias. The findings suggest that mothers experiencing stress should be provided intervention during pregnancy, and that screening should have a particular focus on pregnancy-related worries.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1002/IMHJ.21512
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/APA.13241
Abstract: This study examined the impact of prematurity-related morbidity on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of premature children at eight years of age, compared to term born controls of same age. We focused on 155 premature, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants weighing up to 1500 g who were born from 2001 to 2006 in Turku University Hospital, Finland, and compared them with 129 full-term controls. Cognitive development and length was assessed at five years of age and the children self-reported 17 dimensions of HRQoL at eight years of age. The VLBW group was sub ided into healthy children and those with prematurity-related morbidities. Our findings showed that 64.5% of the VLBW children did not have prematurity-related morbidities. The HRQoL of the healthy preterm VLBW children was very good and did not differ significantly from the controls. However, the VLBW children with one or more morbidities had significantly lower scores in nine of the 17 HRQoL dimensions than the children in the control group. The majority of the VLBW children survived without prematurity-related morbidities, and their HRQoL was very good and similar to the control children. The main goal of neonatal care for preterm infants should be to prevent long-term morbidities.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS10110208
Abstract: Trapezoidal-shaped thin-walled metallic profiled sheets are used in composite floor construction to enable rapid construction and reduce reinforcement and formwork requirements in concrete casting. However, relevant literature reported the early failure of steel sections due to the buckling and shear of existing trapezoidal and re-entrant decking profiles. There are also limitations regarding design rules for composite flooring systems. Current work aims to develop a new type of composite top-hat section for possible use in composite slim-floor construction. Sinusoidal metallic corrugated sheets that are widely used in building construction were utilized and a new bending technique was used to produce deck components, in which transverse corrugations were introduced along the main direction of the corrugated profile. This paper investigates the structural response of these new sections for several loading and support conditions using a pilot experimental scheme. The developed top-hat sections demonstrated considerable resistance to bending as well as buckling through effective stress re-distributions under considered construction stage loading for single span and continuous span conditions. Currently available design equations recommended by Australian Standards for a similar type of corrugated decks were used to predict the design strength and to compare it with those obtained experimentally. It was concluded that the expressions proposed by the code were inadequate for single span loading cases and would require modifications before being applied to the new profile.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-09-2022
Abstract: Wood–plastic composite (WPC) is a kind of composite material that is made of plastic and wood fiber or wood powder. Because it is mothproof, is resistant to corrosion, and has plasticity, among other advantages, it has been researched and used increasingly in building materials. The flexural property of WPC is an important subject in evaluating its mechanical properties. In this paper, wood–plastic raw materials and processing technology are introduced the internal and external factors of WPC which affect the flexural properties are analyzed the different ways of enhancing the bending capacity, including the surface pretreatment, addition of different modifiers (compatibility agent and coupling agent) etc. are summarized and the methods of operation and strengthening effect are analyzed. This work provides a reference for further research in related fields.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 12-11-2010
DOI: 10.1201/B10564-36
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-09-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JCS6090261
Abstract: This paper investigates the structural performance of a new two-way profiled steel decking system for steel-concrete composite slabs. Several studies have investigated steel decking for steel-concrete composite slabs and focused on utilising the conventional deck as a one-way floor system. The newly developed deck consists of top-hat sections formed by bending corrugated sheets at 90°, which are attached to a corrugated base sheet. The deck is designed for improved composite and two-way action contributed by its unique geometry due to corrugations in the transverse and longitudinal directions. This paper experimentally tested a novel steel decking geometry under construction stage loading. It was in the absence of concrete to establish the deck’s suitability for construction and contribution towards loading capacity and performance for future use as a two-way composite slab. Ultimate load, two-way action, and failure modes were identified. A finite element model was also developed, and parameters assessed that could influence the performance when the deck is potentially used in the composite stage. It was concluded that, while increasing the thickness of the corrugated base sheet significantly affects the load-carrying capacity, the thickness of the top hats has no significant impact. Improved load transfer with two-way behaviour is observed when the bottom flanges of the top hats are continuously connected to the bottom flanges of the adjacent top hats to form a deck. This contrasts with the concept deck, where in idual top hats are attached to a corrugated base sheet. In this case, decks with a corrugated base sheet perform 54% better in ultimate load capacity than decks without a corrugated base sheet.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/DESC.12625
Abstract: Little consideration has been given to the possibility of human infant development being shaped via lactocrine programming, and by breast milk cortisol levels specifically. Despite animal models indicating that glucocorticoid (GC) exposure via lactation might modify brain development and behavior, only one study has reported that milk cortisol levels were positively associated with infant negative affectivity, especially fearfulness and sadness-early emerging risk factors for internalizing difficulties such as anxiety. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether human milk cortisol is associated with mother-reported fearfulness and experimentally induced infant fear reactivity. Mother-infant dyads (n = 65) enrolled in the FinnBrain Cohort Study participated. Breast milk s les were obtained 2.5 months postpartum, and milk cortisol concentrations were ascertained using validated luminescence immunoassay methodology. Infant fear reactivity was assessed using maternal reports 6 months postpartum and in a laboratory 8 months postpartum. There was a significant interaction between infant sex and milk cortisol such that higher milk cortisol was related to higher infant fear reactivity in a laboratory setting in girls (β = 0.36, p = .04) but not in boys (β = -0.15, p = .40). Milk cortisol was not associated with mother-reported infant fearfulness. Results suggest that higher human milk cortisol concentrations are associated with elevated experimentally induced fear in infancy. Findings support lactocrine programming, and suggest that mothers may "communicate" vital information about stressful environments via cortisol contained in breast milk, shaping girls' early emotional reactivity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-08-2020
Location: Australia
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 10-2023
End Date: 10-2028
Amount: $2,959,803.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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