ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6230-518X
Current Organisation
The University of Newcastle
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Wastewater Treatment Processes | Environmental Technologies | Wastewater treatment processes | Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions | Environmental Science and Management | Environmental Engineering | Soil Chemistry | Chemical Engineering | Plant Biology | Electrochemistry | Environmental Impact Assessment | Environmental Management And Rehabilitation | Aquaculture | Chemical engineering | Land capability and soil productivity | Environmental management | Phycology | Fermentation, Biotechnology And Industrial Microbiology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments (excl. Urban and Industrial Use) | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Rehabilitation of degraded mining lands | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Land and Water Management of environments not elsewhere classified | Other | Renewable energy not elsewhere classified (e.g. geothermal) | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Environmental health | Aquaculture |
Related Links
Publications
Fenton-like oxidation of 2,4-DCP in aqueous solution using iron-based nanoparticles as the heterogeneous catalyst
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2014.09.082
Abstract: In this report, various iron-based nanoparticles (nZVI, n-Ni/Fe, n-Pd/Fe) were used for both heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and reductive dechlorination of 2,4-DCP in order to understand their roles in the Fenton oxidation and the reductive degradation of 2,4-DCP. The dechlorination efficiency of 2,4-DCP using nZVI, n-Ni/Fe, n-Fe/Pd and Fe(2)(+) was 6.48%, 6.80%, 15.95%, 5.02%, while Fenton oxidation efficiency of 2,4-DCP was 57.87%, 34.23%, 27.94%, 19.61% after 180 min, respectively. The new findings included a higher dechlorination using n-Fe/Pd due to Pd effective catalysis and the effective heterogeneous Fenton oxidation using nZVI depending on reductive dechlorination and heterogeneous Fenton oxidation occurs simultaneously. However, nZVI as the potential catalyst for heterogeneous Fenton was observed, and SEM, EDS and XRD demonstrate that change on the nZVI surface occurred due to the Fe(2+) leaching, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (30.71%) shows that 2,4-DCP was degraded. Furthermore, the experiment indicates that the pH values and concentration of 2,4-DCP significantly impacted on the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of 2,4-DCP and the data fits well with the pseudo first-order kinetic model, which was a diffusion-controlled reaction. Finally, a possible mechanism for degradation of 2,4-DCP was proposed.
Effect of monocrotophos and quinalphos on soil algae
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1986
Heavy metal toxicity to bacteria - Are the existing growth media accurate enough to determine heavy metal toxicity?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2012.09.036
Abstract: A new minimal medium was formulated considering the limitations of the existing media for testing heavy metal sensitivity to bacteria. Toxicity of cadmium and copper to three bacteria was investigated in the new medium and compared with three other media commonly used to study the effect of the toxic metals. Based on speciation data arrived at using ion-selective electrodes, the available free-metal concentration in solution was highest in the MES-buffered medium. This finding was strongly supported by the estimated EC(50) values for the metals tested based on the toxicity bioassays. The free-ionic cadmium and copper concentrations in the medium provide more accurate determination of metal concentrations that affects the bacteria, than with most of other existing media. This will avoid doubts on other media and misleading conclusions relevant to the toxicity of heavy metals to bacteria and provides a better option for the study of metal-bacteria interactions.
Medium composition affects the heavy metal tolerance of microalgae: a comparison
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2021
Influence of cypermethrin and fenvalerate on natural soil algal populations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1986
DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(86)90050-3
Abstract: Two synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, were assessed for their effects on soil algae. Single or two repeated applications of cypermethrin or a single application of fenvalerate to soil at 0.5 to 1.0 kg ha-1 had no inhibitory effect on algal flora. Two applications of fenvalerate, at concentrations of 0.75 to 5 kg ha-1, resulted in a significant increase in populations of algae. No change in the population size was observed even when either monocrotophos or quinalphos was added between two applications of a pyrethroid, all at the 1.0 kg ha-1 level.
International variation in phytosanitary legislation and regulations governing importation of plants for planting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Gold nanoparticle-based optical sensors for selected anionic contaminants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Algalization of Acid Soils with Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3 Enriches Bacteria of Ecological Importance
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-05-2022
The integration of sequencing and bioinformatics in metagenomics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2015
Effects of phenolic compounds on growth and metabolic activities of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus bijugatus isolated from soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF00012803
Biotic and abiotic degradation of illicit drugs, their precursor, and by-products in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2011.06.102
Abstract: This study presents the first systematic information on the degradation patterns of clandestine drug laboratory chemicals in soil. The persistence of five compounds - parent drugs (meth hetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymeth hetamine (MDMA)), precursor (pseudoephedrine), and synthetic by-products N-formylmethyl hetamine and 1-benzyl-3-methylnaphthalene) - were investigated in laboratory scale for 1 year in three different South Australian soils both under non-sterile and sterile conditions. The results of the degradation study indicated that 1-benzyl-3-methylnaphthalene and meth hetamine persist for a long time in soil compared to MDMA and pseudoephedrine N-formylmethyl hetamine exhibits intermediate persistence. The role of biotic versus abiotic soil processes on the degradation of target compounds was also varied significantly for different soils as well as with the progress in incubation period. The degradation of meth hetamine and 1-benzyl-3-methylnaphthalene can be considered as predominantly biotic as no measureable changes in concentrations were recorded in the sterile soils within a 1 year period. The results of the present work will help forensic and environmental scientists to precisely determine the environmental impact of chemicals associated with clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories.
Potential of Melaleuca diosmifolia as a novel, non-conventional and low-cost coagulating adsorbent for removing both cationic and anionic dyes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Phytotoxicity and accumulation of lead in australian native vegetation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-01-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00244-009-9460-2
Abstract: Lead (Pb) is a wide spread contaminant in the terrestrial landscape. It is highly detrimental to plant and animal life and possesses no known biologic function. Yet there is a paucity of reliable information available on the response of Australian and other plant species to Pb exposure at phytotoxic doses. In this study, the response of three Australian native grass species and two tree species to Pb in nutrient solution culture was investigated. Plants were exposed to average Pb concentrations ranging from 0.020 to 15.2 microM. The plant species included Acacia decurrens, Austrodanthonia richardsonii, Bothriochloa macra, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Dichanthium sericeum. Few foliar symptoms were evident in any plant species, although some discolouration in young leaves of E. camaldulensis was evident from 1 microM, and B. macra showed pronounced reddening at the highest treatments. The most tolerant plant species studied based on solution EC(50, roots) (microM) results was B. macra (7.0 +/- 0.2), followed by A. decurrens (3.9 +/- 0.2), D. sericeum (2.9 +/- 0.3), E. camaldulensis (1.1 +/- 0.3), and A. richardsonii (0.4). A hazardous concentration value (HC(5)) (n = 9) for soil solution was estimated to be 0.16 microM. A. richardsonii was highly sensitive to Pb and possessed little ability to restrict Pb translocation to its shoots. B. macra was able to tolerate high root (3924 mg kg(-1)) and shoot (743.0 mg kg(-1)) Pb concentrations. A. decurrens excluded Pb from it shoots. The high tolerance of A. decurrens to Pb and limited translocation to shoots indicates it may be useful in revegetation of Pb-contaminated soils.
Total oxidisable precursor assay towards selective detection of PFAS in AFFF
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Novel methodologies for automatically and simultaneously determining BTEX components using FTIR spectra
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2015.07.044
Abstract: This study introduced a patented novel methodological system for automatically analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) spectrum data located at 'fingerprint' region (wavenumber 670-800 cm(-1)), to simultaneously determinate multiple petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in real mixture s les. This system includes: an object oriented baseline correction Band decomposition (curve fitting) method with mathematical optimization and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for determination, which is suitable for the characteristics of this IR regions, where the spectra are normally with low signal to noise ratio and high density of peaks. BTEX components are potentially lethal carcinogens and contained in many petroleum products. As a case study, six BTEX components were determinate automatically and simultaneously in mixture vapor s les. The robustness of the BTEX determination was validated using real petroleum s les, and the prediction results were compared with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Manganese(II)-catalyzed and clay-minerals-mediated reduction of chromium(VI) by citrate
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-11-2013
DOI: 10.1021/ES401568K
Abstract: Unlike lower valent iron (Fe), the potential role of lower valent manganese (Mn) in the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in soil is poorly documented. In this study, we report that citrate along with Mn(II) and clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite) reduce Cr(VI) both in aqueous phase and in the presence of dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) extracted from a forest soil. The reduction was favorable at acidic pH (up to pH 5) and followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The citrate (10 mM) + Mn(II) (182.02 μM) + clay minerals (3% w/v) system in SDOC accounted for complete reduction of Cr(VI) (192.32 μM) in about 72 h at pH 4.9. In this system, citrate was the reductant, Mn(II) was a catalyst, and the clay minerals acted as an accelerator for both the reductant and catalyst. The clay minerals also serve as a sink for Cr(III). This study reveals the underlying mechanism of the Mn(II)-induced reduction of Cr(VI) by organic ligand in the presence of clay minerals under certain environmental conditions.
Gene expression profile changes in Eisenia fetida chronically exposed to PFOA
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10646-016-1634-X
Abstract: Eisenia fetida is a terrestrial organism, which can be used to diagnose sub-lethal concentrations of PFOA by using molecular biomarkers. In order to identify potential molecular biomarkers, we have exposed E. fetida to 10 mg/kg of PFOA in soil for 8 months. The mRNA isolation, sequencing, transcriptome assembly followed by differential gene expression studies have revealed that genes that are involved in apoptotic process, reproduction, calcium signalling, neuronal development and lipid metabolism are predominantly affected. Highly specific genes that are altered by PFOA can be further validated and used as biomarker to detect sub-lethal concentrations of PFOA in the soil.
Bioremediation approaches for organic pollutants: A critical perspective
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2011.06.003
Abstract: Due to human activities to a greater extent and natural processes to some extent, a large number of organic chemical substances such as petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated and nitroaromatic compounds, phthalate esters, solvents and pesticides pollute the soil and aquatic environments. Remediation of these polluted sites following the conventional engineering approaches based on physicochemical methods is both technically and economically challenging. Bioremediation that involves the capabilities of microorganisms in the removal of pollutants is the most promising, relatively efficient and cost-effective technology. However, the current bioremediation approaches suffer from a number of limitations which include the poor capabilities of microbial communities in the field, lesser bioavailability of contaminants on spatial and temporal scales, and absence of bench-mark values for efficacy testing of bioremediation for their widespread application in the field. The restoration of all natural functions of some polluted soils remains impractical and, hence, the application of the principle of function-directed remediation may be sufficient to minimize the risks of persistence and spreading of pollutants. This review selectively examines and provides a critical view on the knowledge gaps and limitations in field application strategies, approaches such as composting, electrobioremediation and microbe-assisted phytoremediation, and the use of probes and assays for monitoring and testing the efficacy of bioremediation of polluted sites.
Prolonging the shelf life of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) using Aloe vera gel at ambient temperature
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Do Microplastics and Nanoplastics Pose Risks to Biota in Agricultural Ecosystems?
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SOILSYSTEMS7010019
Abstract: The presence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) in soils is becoming pervasive in most agroecosystems. The recent estimates suggest that the soil burden of MNPs in the agroecosystems is more than 0.5 megatons (Mt) annually. In all the agroecosystems, the transformation, migration, and transferring of MNPs, along with other contaminants, and the trophic transfer of MNPs can threaten the food web. MPs can exhibit negative and positive effects, or none, on the physical/chemical properties of soil, soil microbiota, invertebrates, and plant systems, depending on the polymer compositions, additives, and exposure time. Difficulties in comparing the studies on the effects of MNPs, as well as the discrepancies among them, are mostly due to variations in the methods followed for s ling, detection, quantification, and the categorization of particles, abundance, and exposure time. Since agricultural soils are important environmental reservoirs for erse chemicals and contaminants, they provide milieus for several types of interactions of MNPs with soil biota. The present review critically examines the sources and transformation of MNPs in agricultural soils, the release and fate of additives, as well as their role as vectors of other potential contaminants and influence on soil physical/chemical properties, toxicities to soil biota (i.e., microorganisms, invertebrates, and plants), current regulatory guidelines for the mitigation of MNPs, and future research directions.
Bioremediation potential of a highly mercury resistant bacterial strain Sphingobium SA2 isolated from contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.08.061
Abstract: A mercury resistant bacterial strain, SA2, was isolated from soil contaminated with mercury. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this isolate showed 99% sequence similarity to the genera Sphingobium and Sphingomonas of α-proteobacteria group. However, the isolate formed a distinct phyletic line with the genus Sphingobium suggesting the strain belongs to Sphingobium sp. Toxicity studies indicated resistance to high levels of mercury with estimated EC50 values 4.5 mg L(-1) and 44.15 mg L(-1) and MIC values 5.1 mg L(-1) and 48.48 mg L(-1) in minimal and rich media, respectively. The strain SA2 was able to volatilize mercury by producing mercuric reductase enzyme which makes it potential candidate for remediating mercury. ICP-QQQ-MS analysis of Hg supplemented culture solutions confirmed that almost 79% mercury in the culture suspension was volatilized in 6 h. A very small amount of mercury was observed to accumulate in cell pellets which was also evident according to ESEM-EDX analysis. The mercuric reductase gene merA was lified and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated sequence homology with α-proteobacteria and Ascomycota group.
Removal of nitrate using Paracoccus sp. YF1 immobilized on bamboo carbon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2012.06.029
Abstract: Paracoccus sp. strain YF1 immobilized on bamboo carbon was developed for the denitrification. The results show that denitrification was significantly improved using immobilized cells compared to that of free cells, where denitrification time decreased from 24h (free cells) to 15 h (immobilized cells). The efficiency of denitrification increased from 4.57 mg/(Lh) (free cells) to 6.82 mg/(Lh) (immobilized cells). Kinetics studies suggest that denitrification by immobilized YF1 cells fitted well to the zero-order model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that firstly, the bacteria became stable on the inside and exterior of the bamboo carbon particles and secondly, they formed biofilm after adhesion. Various factors and their influences on biological denitrification were investigated, namely temperature, pH, initial nitrate concentrations and carbon sources. The immobilized cells exhibited more nitrate removal at various conditions compared to free cells since bamboo carbon as a carrier protects cells against changes in environmental conditions. Denitrification using the YF1 immobilized in bamboo carbon was also maintained 99.8% after the tenth cycle reuse, thus demonstrating excellent reusability. Finally, wastewater was treated using the immobilized cells and the outcome was that nitrogen was completely removed by bamboo-immobilized YF1.
Cadmium Immobilization in the Rhizosphere and Plant Cellular Detoxification: Role of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as a Sustainable Solution
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-11-2020
Relative value of phosphate compounds in reducing the bioavailability and toxicity of lead in contaminated soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2012
Investigation of copper(II) interference on the anodic stripping voltammetry of lead(II) and cadmium(II) at bismuth film electrode
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2013
Microbial functional amyloids serve diverse purposes for structure, adhesion and defence
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2019
Evaluation of metal uptake factors of native trees colonizing an abandoned copper mine – a quest for phytostabilization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Perfluorooctane sulfonate release pattern from soils of fire training areas in Australia and its bioaccumulation potential in the earthworm Eisenia fetida
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1782-Y
Abstract: Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) are used to extinguish hydrocarbon fuel fires. Certain AFFF products such as 3M Lightwater contain perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) as the active ingredient which is highly persistent in the environment and is thus globally prevalent. With thousands of tons of soils potentially contaminated with PFOS stockpiled at a number of sites in Australia, the lack of reliable information on bioavailability of this recalcitrant contaminant constrains the application of a risk-based strategy for managing such soils. In this study, the PFOS release pattern from soils collected from the contaminated sites of fire training areas and its bioaccumulation potential in earthworm were investigated. The study was conducted at two temperatures (25 and 37 °C) and 60 % of the maximum water-holding capacity of soils. The greatest release into water was found to occur from the soil having the highest PFOS concentration, 16.17 μg g(-1) (Tindal FTA064), thereby demonstrating the role of contaminant loading on release behaviour. The release could also be related to the soil physico-chemical properties. The maximum amount of PFOS was desorbed from the soil with the lowest clay and organic matter content. Bioaccumulation of PFOS in earthworms (Eisensia fetida) as expressed by the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was found to be highest from soil with the lowest PFOS concentration (RBD soil). The range of BAF found in our study was 1.23 (spiked Tindal SS01 soil) to 13.9 (field contaminated RBD soil). Our study suggests that PFOS could indeed pose a potential risk to ecological safety of soil if present even at concentrations as low as 0.8 μg g(-1) since the highest bioaccumulation factor was found to be from such a soil (field contaminated RBD).
Catalytic efficiency of soil enzymes explains temperature sensitivity: Insights from physiological theory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153365
Abstract: Soil enzymes are crucial for carbon and nutrient cycling and are highly sensitive to warming. Biochemical reaction rates increase with temperature according to the Arrhenius law, but changes in microbial physiology may partially counteract this warming-induced acceleration that leads enzymatic rates to deviate from Arrhenius law. Here, we attempt to reconcile disparate views on the enzyme responses to warming based on the Arrhenius law and physiological theory by enzyme catalytic efficiency. In this study, we tested the kinetic parameters of five key enzymes of C, N, and P cycling to warming (from 0 to 40 °C) in cropland soils originating from 5 different temperate zones. The soils were incubated for one month at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C (±0.5 °C) with 60% water holding capacity (WHC). The kinetic parameters were calculated and measured at a range of 4-methyumbelliferone (MUB)-substrate concentrations. We found that catalytic efficiency (V
Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of traces of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with bismuth nanoparticles
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2014
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, a pervasive flame retardant: Critical perspective on its emissions into the environment and human toxicity
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00222D
Abstract: Global production of organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) and non-target toxicity of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP).
Bioreactive organoclay: A new technology for environmental remediation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
The effect of arsenic on soil intracellular and potential extracellular β-glucosidase differentiated by chloroform fumigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Comparison of Sensitivity of Tropical Freshwater Microalgae to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Cadmium and Hexavalent Chromium in Three Types of Growth Media
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2020
Invasion disharmony in the global biogeography of native and non‐native beetle species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.13381
Abstract: The concept of “island disharmony” has been widely applied to describe the systematic over‐ and under‐representation of taxa on islands compared to mainland regions. Here, we explore an extension of that concept to biological invasions. We compare biogeographical patterns in native and non‐native beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages from around the world to test whether beetle invasions represent a random s le of species or whether some families are more prone to invade than others. Global. Numbers of non‐native beetle species established in ten regions worldwide were compared with the land area of each region. The distribution of species among families was compared with the distribution among families for all species native to the same region and with the distribution among families for the global pool of all known beetle species. Ordination analysis was used to characterize differences among native and non‐native assemblages based upon the distribution of species among families. We report a total of 1,967 non‐native beetle species across all ten regions, and a classic log–log relationship between numbers of species per region and land area though relationships are generally stronger for native assemblages. Some families (e.g., Dermestidae and Bostrichidae) are over‐represented and others (e.g., Carabidae, Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae) are under‐represented in non‐native assemblages. The distribution of species among families is generally similar among native assemblages with greatest similarities among nearby regions. In contrast, non‐native species assemblages are more similar to each other than to native species assemblages. Certain families are over‐represented, and others are under‐represented in non‐native beetle assemblages compared to native assemblages, indicating “invasion disharmony” in the global representation of beetle families. Similarities in composition among non‐native assemblages may reflect unobserved associations with invasion pathways and life‐history traits that shape invasion success of different insect groups.
Superior survival and degradation of dibenzo- p -dioxin and dibenzofuran in soil by soil-adapted Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-1997
The mechanism for degrading Orange II based on adsorption and reduction by ion-based nanoparticles synthesized by grape leaf extract
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.04.027
Abstract: Biomolecules taken from plant extracts have often been used in the single-step synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles (Fe NPs) due to their low cost, environmental safety and sustainable properties. However, the composition of Fe NPs and the degradation mechanism of organic contaminants by them are limited because these are linked to the reactivity of Fe NPs. In this study, Fe NPs synthesized by grape leaf extract served to remove Orange II. Batch experiments showed that more than 92% of Orange II was removed by Fe NPs at high temperature based on adsorption and reduction and confirmed by kinetic studies. To understand the role of Fe NPs in the removal process of azo dye, surface analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed, showing that the Fe NPs were composed of biomolecules, hydrous iron oxides and Fe(0), thus providing evidence for the adsorption of Orange II onto hydrous iron oxides and its reduction by Fe(0). Degraded products such as 2-naphthol were identified using LC-MS analysis. A degradation mechanism based on asymmetrical azo bond cleavage for the removal of Orange II was proposed.
Analysis of chromium status in the revegetated flora of a tannery waste site and microcosm studies using earthworm E. fetida
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-017-0543-8
Abstract: Chromium from tannery waste dump site causes significant environmental pollution affecting surrounding flora and fauna. The primary aims of this study were to survey vegetation, investigate the degree of soil pollution occurring near tannery waste dump site and make a systematic evaluation of soil contamination based on the chromium levels found in plants and earthworms from the impacted areas. This paper presents the pollution load of toxic heavy metals, and especially chromium, in 10 soil s les and 12 species of plants. Soil s les were analysed for heavy metals by using ICP-MS/ICP-OES method. Results indicated that Cr in soils exceeded soil quality guideline limits (SQGL). The total chromium present in the above ground parts of plants ranged from 1.7 mg kg
Bioavailability of an organophosphorus pesticide, fenamiphos, sorbed on an organo clay
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-03-2003
DOI: 10.1021/JF025978P
Abstract: Hydrolysis of an insecticide/nematicide, fenamiphos [ethyl-3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl-(1-methylethyl)phosphoramidate], immobilized through sorption by cetyltrimethylammonium-exchanged montmorillonite (CTMA-clay) by a soil bacterium, Brevibacterium sp., was examined. X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectra, and a negative electrophoretic mobility strongly indicated that fenamiphos was intercalated within the bacterially inaccessible interlayer spaces of CTMA-clay. The bacterium hydrolyzed, within 24 h, 82% of the fenamiphos sorbed by the CTMA-clay complex. There was a concomitant accumulation of hydrolysis product, fenamiphos phenol, in nearly stoichiometric amounts. During the same period, in abiotic (uninoculated) controls, 4.6% of the sorbed insecticide was released into the aqueous phase as compared to 6.0% of the sorbed fenamiphos in another abiotic control where activated carbon, a sink for desorbed fenamiphos, was present. Thus, within 24 h, the bacterium hydrolyzed 77% more fenamiphos sorbed by organo clay than the amounts desorbed in abiotic controls. Such rapid degradation of an intercalated pesticide by a bacterium has not been reported before. Evidence indicated that extracellular enzymes produced by the bacterium rapidly hydrolyzed the nondesorbable fenamiphos, even when the enzyme itself was sorbed. Fenamiphos strongly sorbed to an organo clay appears to be readily available for exceptionally rapid degradation by the bacterium.
Synthesis and characterisation of 3-dimensional hydroxyapatite nanostructures using a thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber sacrificial template
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA18593A
Abstract: A facile synthesis of shape controlled three dimensional hydroxyapatite nanostructures (HAp) using a sacrificial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber template.
Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Establishment patterns of non-native insects in New Zealand
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2017
Bioavailability of lead in contaminated soil depends on the nature of bioreceptor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2011.11.045
Abstract: Long-term lead (Pb) contaminated soils from two lead-zinc smelters and a shooting range, along with freshly spiked control soil, were studied by means of chemical, biological or a physiological method to examine the effect of ageing on Pb bioavailability. The freshly Pb spiked control soil was subjected to an earthworm toxicity test to observe the avoidance and mortality response of the earthworms. Meanwhile, an extractable fraction of Pb on the spiked soil as a result of ageing was examined and further compared with physiologically based in vitro bioaccessibility extraction tests. Their differences in lethal concentration, LC(50), to the earthworm population from spiked soils varied substantially as a function of soil pH. The strong effect of ageing on toxicity was also reflected in the extractability of Pb which was far greater in acidic soil, labelled AC, compared to the alkaline soil, labelled BC. This demonstrates that the bioavailable fraction causing toxicity to earthworms was achieved at a much lower total Pb content for acidic soils relative to alkaline soils. Moreover, the effect of ageing also exhibits that a marked decline in bioavailable Pb results in lowering toxicity. Significant amounts of weight loss in earthworms during an acute toxicity test in long-term contaminated soils at a relatively low Pb concentration suggested that other metal or combined metal toxicity may also play a significant role. This study demonstrates that the soil characteristics and ageing period greatly influence the bioavailable fraction of Pb which is related to the bioreceptor.
Enhancement of catalytic degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution using clay supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.11.033
Abstract: Despite bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles have been extensively used to remediate groundwater, they have not been used for the catalytic degradation of amoxicillin (AMX). In this study, bentonite-supported bimetallic Fe/Ni (B-Fe/Ni) nanoparticles were used to degrade AMX in aqueous solution. More than 94% of AMX was removed using B-Fe/Ni, while only 84% was removed by Fe/Ni at an initial concentration of 60 mg L(-1) within 60 min due to bentonite serving as the support mechanism, leading to a decrease in aggregation of Fe/Ni nanoparticles, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of iron oxides in the B-Fe/Ni after reaction with AMX was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The main factors controlling the degradation of AMX such as the initial pH of the solution, dosage of B-Fe/Ni, initial AMX concentration, and the reaction temperature were discussed. The possible degradation mechanism was proposed, which was based on the analysis of degraded products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Remediation of Site Contamination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2013
Monitored natural attenuation of a long-term petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites: a case study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10532-012-9580-7
Abstract: This study evaluated the potential of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedial option for groundwater at a long-term petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site in Australia. Source characterization revealed that total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as the major contaminant of concern in the smear zone and groundwater. Multiple lines of evidence involving the geochemical parameters, microbiological analysis, data modelling and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis all demonstrated natural attenuation of hydrocarbons occurring in the groundwater via intrinsic biodegradation. Groundwater monitoring data by Mann-Kendall trend analysis using properly designed and installed groundwater monitoring wells shows the plume is stable and neither expanding nor shrinking. The reason for stable plume is due to the presence of both active source and natural attenuation on the edge of the plume. Assuming no retardation and no degradation the contaminated plume would have travelled a distance of 1,096 m (best case) to 11,496 m (worst case) in 30 years. However, the plume was extended only up to about 170 m from its source. The results of these investigations provide strong scientific evidence for natural attenuation of TPH in this contaminated aquifer. Therefore, MNA can be applied as a defensible management option for this site following significant reduction of TPH in the source zone.
Heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using iron-based nanoparticles and persulfate system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Soil initial bacterial diversity and nutrient availability determine the rate of xenobiotic biodegradation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2022
Abstract: Understanding the relative importance of soil microbial ersity, plants and nutrient management is crucial to implement an effective bioremediation approach to xenobiotics‐contaminated soils. To date, knowledge on the interactive effects of soil microbiome, plant and nutrient supply on influencing biodegradation potential of soils remains limited. In this study, we evaluated the in idual and interactive effects of soil initial bacterial ersity, nutrient amendments (organic and inorganic) and plant presence on the biodegradation rate of pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Initial bacterial ersity had a strong positive impact on soil biodegradation potential, with soil harbouring higher bacterial ersity showing ~ 2 times higher degradation rates than soils with lower bacterial ersity. Both organic and inorganic nutrient amendments consistently improved the degradation rate in lower ersity soils and had negative (inorganic) to neutral (organic) effect in higher ersity soils. Interestingly, plant presence/type did not show any significant effect on the degradation rate in most of the treatments. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that initial bacterial ersity had a prominent role in driving pyrene biodegradation rates. We provide novel evidence that suggests that soil initial microbial ersity, and nutrient amendments should be explicitly considered in the design and employment of bioremediation management strategies for restoring natural habitats disturbed by organic pollutants.
Synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles by green tea extract and their degradation of malachite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Comparative value of phosphate sources on the immobilization of lead, and leaching of lead and phosphorus in lead contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2010.11.003
Abstract: The mobility and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soils can be mitigated by its immobilization using both soluble and insoluble phosphate (P) compounds. The effectiveness of insoluble P sources on Pb immobilization depends on their rate of dissolution which can be enhanced by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). In this study, the effect of soluble (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and insoluble (rock phosphate in the presence and absence of PSB) P compounds on the immobilization of Pb, and leaching of Pb and P was examined using both naturally contaminated (SR soil: NH₄NO₃ extractable Pb: 28.7 mg/kg, pH: 5.88, organic matter: 0.7%) and Pb spiked (AH soil: NH(4)NO(3) extractable Pb: 42.7 mg/kg, pH: 5.23, organic matter: 10.9%) soils. Phosphate compounds were added at the rate of 200 mg P/kg and 800 mg P/kg for SR and AH soils, respectively. Soluble P treatment immobilized 80% and 57% of Pb in SR and AH soils, respectively. Insoluble rock phosphate immobilized 40% and 9% of Pb without PSB, and 60% and 17% with PSB in SR and AH soils, respectively. Lead leaching was the lowest when soils were amended with rock phosphate in the presence of PSB, which reduced Pb leaching by 36% for SR soil and 18% for AH soil compared to the control. The leaching of Pb increased when the soils were amended with soluble P because soluble P treatment increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of soil, thereby increasing Pb mobility. Soluble P treatment significantly increased P leaching and 9% of total added P was leached from low P retaining AH soil. The optimum level of P amendment is a critical issue when soluble P is used as a Pb immobilizing agent because of eutrophication resulting from excessive P leaching to surface and ground water. While the soluble P compound was effective in the immobilization of Pb, it resulted in P leaching which increased with increasing levels of P addition. However, rock phosphate amendment with PSB achieved the immobilization of Pb with a minimum effect on both Pb and P leaching.
The toxicity of graphene and its impacting on bioleaching of metal ions from sewages sludge by Acidithiobacillus sp.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.12.073
Abstract: The increasing production of graphene raised concerns about their releasing into sewage sludge, however, there is little information about graphene impacting on the growth of bacteria and hence their bioleaching of metal ions from sewages sludge. In this study, we reported that Acidithiobacillus sp., isolated from sewages, were used to bioleach Cu
The toxicity of phenolic compounds to soil algal population and toChlorella vulgaris andNostoc linckia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1986
DOI: 10.1007/BF02374764
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of fluorosurfactants in firefighting foams
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA26114G
Abstract: We demonstrated SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) detection of fluorosurfactants (FSs), which are commonly formulated in aqueous firefighting foams (AFFFs), by increasing their loading affinity and boosting their Raman activity.
Life Cycle Assessment for the Environmental Sustainability of the Immobilized Acid-Adapted Microalgal Technology in Iron Removal from Acid Mine Drainage
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-09-2020
Soil bacterial strains with heavy metal resistance and high potential in degrading diesel oil and n-alkanes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2016
Glyphosate use in urban landscape soils: Fate, distribution, and potential human and environmental health risks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Degradation of scarlet 4BS in aqueous solution using bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2012.05.035
Abstract: The degradation of Scarlet 4BS (4BS) in aqueous solution using Fe/Ni nanoparticles was investigated in this paper. Batch experiments show that the degradation of 4BS depended on an initial dye concentration, the solution pH and total Fe/Ni concentration and reaction temperature. The removal of 84.5% of 4BS was achieved when the solution contained 100 mg/L of 4BS under optimal conditions, including an 8.0 g/L nanoscale Fe/Ni, pH 5.0, 30 °C for 3 h. In addition, a kinetics study indicates that the degradation of 4BS was well suited to the pseudo-first-order model, where the apparent rate constant (K(obs)) was 6.3×10(-3) min(-1). Moreover, XRD indicated that no iron and nickel oxide formed after Fe/Ni nanoparticles reacted to 4BS. However, data from FTIR show that new bands appeared which corresponding to CH after 4BS reacted with the Ni/Fe nanoparticles. A degradation mechanism is proposed here where iron was oxidized, the hydrogen being produced was adsorbed on the catalytic nickel surface, 4BS reductively by degrading two cleaving the azo linkages. This application has much potential in that 71.2% of 4BS was removed from wastewater.
Inhibition or promotion of biodegradation of nitrate by Paracoccus sp. in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.05.044
Abstract: To investigate the effect of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the growth of Paracoccus sp. strain and biodenitrification under aerobic conditions, specific factors were studied, pH, concentration of nitrate, Fe (II) and carbon dioxide. Low concentration of nZVI (50mg/L) promoted both cell growth and biodegradation of nitrate which rose from 69.91% to 76.16%, while nitrate removal fell to 67.10% in the presence of high nZVI concentration (1000 mg/L). This may be attributed to the ions produced in nZVI corrosion being used as an electron source for the biodegradation of nitrate. However, the excess uptake of Fe (II) causes oxidative damage to the cells. To confirm this, nitrate was completely removed after 20 h when 100mg/L Fe (II) was added to the solution, which is much faster than the control (86.05%, without adding Fe (II)). However, nitrate removal reached only 45.64% after 20 h, with low cell density (OD 600=0.62) in the presence of 300 mg/L Fe (II). Characterization techniques indicated that nZVI adhered to microorganism cell membranes. These findings confirmed that nZVI could affect the activity of the strain and consequently change the biodenitrification.
Effect of pentachlorophenol pollution towards microalgae and microbial activities in soil from a former timber processing facility.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1998
Abstract: IoT devices can be deployed almost anywhere, but they usually need to be connected to other IoT devices, either through the Internet or local area networks. For such communications, many IoT devices make use of wireless communications, whose coverage is key: if no coverage is available, an IoT device becomes isolated. This can happen both indoors (e.g., large buildings, industrial warehouses) or outdoors (e.g., rural areas, cities). To tackle such an issue, opportunistic networks can be useful, since they use gateways to provide services to IoT devices when they are in range (i.e., IoT devices take the opportunity of having a nearby gateway to exchange data or to use a computing service). Moreover, opportunistic networks can provide Edge Computing capabilities, thus creating Opportunistic Edge Computing (OEC) systems, which deploy smart gateways able to perform certain tasks faster than a remote Cloud. This article presents a novel decentralized OEC system based on Bluetooth 5 IoT nodes whose latency is evaluated to determine the feasibility of using it in practical applications. The obtained results indicate that, for the selected scenario, the average end-to-end latency is relatively low (736 ms), but it is impacted by factors such as the location of the bootstrap node, the smart gateway hardware or the use of high-security mechanisms.
Pore-water chemistry explains zinc phytotoxicity in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2015.08.004
Abstract: Zinc (Zn) is a widespread soil contaminant arising from a numerous anthropogenic sources. However, adequately predicting toxicity of Zn to ecological receptors remains difficult due to the complexity of soil characteristics. In this study, we examined solid-solution partitioning using pore-water data and toxicity of Zn to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in spiked soils. Pore-water effective concentration (ECx, x=10%, 20% and 50% reduction) values were negatively related to pH, indicating lower Zn pore water concentration were needed to cause phytotoxicity at high pH soils. Total dissolved zinc (Znpw) and free zinc (Zn(2+)) in soil-pore water successfully described 78% and 80.3% of the variation in relative growth (%) in the full dataset. When the complete data set was used (10 soils), the estimated EC50pw was 450 and 79.2 µM for Znpw and Zn(2+), respectively. Total added Zn, soil pore water pH (pHpw) and dissolve organic carbon (DOC) were the best predictors of Znpw and Zn(2+) in pore-water. The EC10 (total loading) values ranged from 179 to 5214 mg/kg, depending on soil type. Only pH measurements in soil were related to ECx total Zn data. The strongest relationship to ECx overall was pHca, although pHw and pHpw were in general related to Zn ECx. Similarly, when a solution-only model was used to predict Zn in shoot, DOC was negatively related to Zn in shoot, indicating a reduction in uptake/ translocation of Zn from solution with increasing DOC.
Arsenic testing field kits: Some considerations and recommendations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-008-9231-4
Abstract: In recent years field test kits have been largely used to identify arsenic (As) levels in contaminated water sources in Bangladesh, West Bengal (India), and elsewhere in the world to establish whether or not the water is safe. Most of the kits are based on the reaction of arsine gas with some chemical agent to form a coloured complex the intensity of the colour is compared visually with a colour-coded chart or measured electronically to calculate the concentration of As in the water s le. In this paper, a step-wise review is presented of the analytical process used in the most commonly available As field test kits and the associated shortcomings of each of these kits. We also identify the research gaps for future work to enhance the accuracy and reliability of test results produced by these kits.
Human health risk assessment through quantitative screening of insecticide residues in two green beans to ensure food safety
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induces several behavioural defects in Caenorhabditis elegans that can also be transferred to the next generations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2021.132896
Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a well-known global persistent organic pollutant of grave concern to ecological and human health. Toxicity of PFOS to animals and humans are well studied. Although few studies have reported the behavioral effect of PFOS on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it's transgenerational effects were seldom studied. Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of PFOS on several behavioral responses besides bioaccumulation and transgenerational effects in C. elegans. In contrast to the several published studies, we used lower concentrations (0.5-1000 μg/L or 0.001-2.0 μM) that are environmentally relevant and reported to occur close to the contaminated areas. The 48 h median lethal concentration of PFOS was found to be 3.15 μM (1575 μg/L). PFOS (≥0.01 μM) caused severe toxicity to locomotion, and this effect was even transferred to progeny. However, after a few generations, the defect was rectified in the progeny of single-time exposed parent nematodes. Whereas, continuous exposure at 0.001 μM PFOS, no visible defects were observed in the progeny. PFOS (≥0.01 μM) also significantly decreased the brood size in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, lifespan was affected by the higher concentration of PFOS (≥1.0 μM). These two behavioral endpoints, lifespan and reproduction defects, became less severe in the progeny. Chemotaxis plasticity was also significantly retarded by ≥ 1.0 μM PFOS compared to the control group. Results indicate that PFOS can exert severe neurobehavioral defects that can be transferred from parents to their offspring. The findings of this study have significant implications for the risk assessment of perfluorinated substances in the environment.
The Infl uence of Biochar and Black Carbon on Reduction and Bioavailability of Chromate in Soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.2134/JEQ2011.0145
Abstract: The widespread use of chromium (Cr) has a deleterious impact on the environment. A number of pathways, both biotic and abiotic in character, determine the fate and speciation of Cr in soils. Chromium exists in two predominant species in the environment: trivalent [(Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)]. Of these two forms, Cr(III) is nontoxic and is strongly bound to soil particles, whereas Cr(VI) is more toxic and soluble and readily leaches into groundwater. The toxicity of Cr(VI) can be mitigated by reducing it to Cr(III) species. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of organic carbon sources on the reduction, microbial respiration, and phytoavailability of Cr(VI) in soils. Organic carbon sources, such as black carbon (BC) and biochar, were tested for their potential in reducing Cr(VI) in acidic and alkaline contaminated soils. An alkaline soil was selected to monitor the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI) in sunflower plant. Our results showed that using BC resulted in greater reduction of Cr(VI) in soils compared with biochar. This is attributed to the differences in dissolved organic carbon and functional groups that provide electrons for the reduction of Cr(VI). When increasing levels of Cr were added to soils, both microbial respiration and plant growth decreased. The application of BC was more effective than biochar in increasing the microbial population and in mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI). The net benefit of BC emerged as an increase in plant biomass and a decrease in Cr concentration in plant tissue. Consequently, it was concluded that BC is a potential reducing amendment in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity in soil and plants.
Microbial activity and diversity in long-term mixed contaminated soils with respect to polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2011.12.030
Abstract: The co-occurrence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with heavy metals and their effect on soil microbial activity have not been systematically investigated. In this study a holistic approach was employed by combining physico-chemical, biological and advanced molecular methods to determine the soil microbial activities of long-term mixed contaminated soils collected from a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site. Concentrations of PAHs in MGP soils ranged from 335 to 8645 mg/kg. Of the potentially toxic metals, concentrations of lead were found to be highest, ranging from 88 to 671 mg/kg, cadmium 8 to 112 mg/kg, while zinc varied from 64 to 488 mg/kg. The enzyme activities were severely inhibited in soils that were contaminated with both PAHs and heavy metals. The presence of heavy metals in PAH-contaminated soils not only reduced the ersity of microbial population but also showed a few distinctive species by exerting selective pressure. The multivariate analysis revealed that there is an association between PAHs and heavy metals which influenced biological properties in mixed contaminated soils. The findings of this study have major implications for the bioremediation of organic pollutants in metal-organic mixed contaminated sites.
EF-1α DNA Sequences Indicate Multiple Origins of Introduced Populations of Essigella californica (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-03-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JEE/TOX026
Abstract: Aphids in the pine-feeding Nearctic genus Essigella (Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae, Lachninae) have been introduced in Europe, North Africa, Oceania, and South America. Mitochondrial, nuclear, and endosymbiont DNA sequences of 12 introduced populations from three continents confirm they all belong to Essigella californica (Essig, 1909). Intron sequence variation of the nuclear gene EF-1α has revealed the existence of four distinct groups. Group I gathers one population from China, where the species is newly reported, and several from Europe (France and Italy) Group II is represented by one population from Argentina Group III includes two populations from Southern Australia with one from New Zealand and Group IV corresponds to five populations from Eastern and South-Eastern Australia. These results indicate that introduced populations of E. californica have at least four source populations. They also show that intron variation of EF-1α can be a method to discriminate populations of asexually reproducing aphids.
Green synthesized conditions impacting on the reactivity of Fe NPs for the degradation of malachite green
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2014.08.116
Abstract: This study investigates green tea extract synthesized conditions impacting on the reactivity of iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) used for the degradation of malachite green (MG), including the volume ratio of Fe(2+) and tea extract, the solution pH and temperature. Results indicated that the reactivity of Fe NPs increased with higher temperature, but fell with increasing pH and the volume ratio of Fe(2+) and tea extract. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that Fe NPs were spherical in shape, their diameter was 70-80 nm and they were mainly composed of iron oxide nanoparticles. UV-visible (UV-vis) indicated that reactivity of Fe NPs used in degradation of MG significantly depended on the synthesized conditions of Fe NPs. This was due to their impact on the reactivity and morphology of Fe NPs. Finally, degradation of MG showed that 90.56% of MG was removed using Fe NPs.
Coupling a sterically hindered amine-based absorption and coal fly ash triggered amine regeneration: A high energy-saving process for CO2 absorption and sequestration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Electrochemical Proof of Fluorophilic Interaction among Fluoro-Carbon Chains
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2018
Sustainable production of biomass and biodiesel by acclimation of non-acidophilic microalgae to acidic conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.09.140
Abstract: The overwhelming response towards algal biodiesel production has been well-recognized recently as a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels. Most microalgae cannot grow well at acidic pH. The present study, therefore, investigated whether non-acidophilic microalgae Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3 can be acclimated to extreme-acidic pH for sustainable production of biomass and biodiesel. Growth analysis indicated that both the microalgal strains possessed a passive uptake of CO
The Variation in Groundwater Microbial Communities in an Unconfined Aquifer Contaminated by Multiple Nitrogen Contamination Sources
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/W14040613
Abstract: Aquifers provide integral freshwater resources and host ecosystems of largely uncharacterized, truncated endemic microorganisms. In recent history, many aquifers have become increasingly contaminated from various anthropogenic sources. To better understand the impacts of nitrogen contamination on native groundwater ecosystems, 16S rRNA sequencing of the groundwater microbial communities was carried out. S les were taken from an aquifer known to be contaminated with nitrogen from multiple sources, including fertilizers and wastewater treatment plant effluents. In total, two primary contaminants were identified: NH4+ ( .1–3.7–26 mg L−1 NH4+ min-median-max), and NO3− ( .01–18–150 mg L−1 NO3− min-median-max). These contaminants were found to be associated with a decrease/increase in microbial species richness within affected groundwater for NH4+/NO3−, respectively. Important phyla were identified, including Proteobacteria, which had the highest abundance within s les unaffected by NH4+ (36–81% NH4+ unaffected, 4–33% NH4+ affected), and Planctomycetes (0.05–10% NH4+ unaffected, 43–72% NH4+ affected), which had the highest abundance within the NH4+ affected s les, likely due to its ability to perform anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX). Planctomycetes were identified as a potential indicator for the presence of NH4+ contamination. The analysis and characterization of sequencing data alongside physicochemical data showed potential to increase the depth of our understanding of contaminant behavior and fate within a contaminated aquifer using this type of data and analysis.
Physiological and morphological alterations induced by carbaryl and 1-naphthol combinations inNostoc linckia isolated from soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF01576832
In situ fabrication of green reduced graphene-based biocompatible anode for efficient energy recycle
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.11.057
Abstract: Improving the anode configuration to enhance biocompatibility and accelerate electron shuttling is critical for efficient energy recovery in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this paper, green reduced graphene nanocomposite was successfully coated using layer-by-layer assembly technique onto carbon brush anode. The modified anode achieved a 3.2-fold higher power density of 33.7 W m
Arsenic phytotoxicity in Australian soils
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 10-04-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B16767-100
Electrochemical Studies on Self-assembled Monolayer (SAM) Upon Exposure to Anionic Surfactants: PFOA, PFOS, SDS and SDBS
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-06-2017
A simple spectrophotometric method for rapid quantitative screening of arsenic bio-transforming bacteria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
The distribution of arsenic fractions and alkaline phosphatase activities in different soil aggregates following four months As(V) ageing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.124355
Abstract: Soil as a heterogeneous mass is composed of different size aggregates. The distribution of different arsenic (As) fractions in soil aggregates is vital to assess the potential risk of As pollution. In this study, soil s les were aged for 4 months with different arsenate [As(V)] concentrations. Dry sieving method was used to obtain five different size aggregates and the content of As in these fractions was determined. The results showed that P4 (0.1-0.25 mm) contained the highest organic matter (OM) than other size aggregates. After 4 months of ageing, available phosphorus (AP) content increased with the increase of As(V) concentration among 5 aggregates. The distribution of different arsenic fractions among 5 aggregates was similar. The relative contents of water-soluble (F1), exchangeable (F2) and carbonate (F3) fractions increased with the increase in As concentration, while the residual fraction (F7) decreased sharply. Humic-bound (F4), and Fe and Mn oxide bound fractions (F5) were about 35% and 20% respectively, after 4 months of As(V) ageing. Generally, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of P4 were lowest among five aggregates under each concentration of As(V). Moreover, F2 and F3 exhibited a strong inhibition of ALP activity. This study demonstrates that not only water-soluble and exchangeable arsenic but also humic-bound fraction should be considered when assessing As bioavailability and toxicity.
Evidence that Formation of Protoanemonin from Metabolites of 4-Chlorobiphenyl Degradation Negatively Affects the Survival of 4-Chlorobiphenyl-Cometabolizing Microorganisms
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 02-1997
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.63.2.427-434.1997
Abstract: A rapid decline in cell viability of different PCB-metabolizing organisms was observed in soil microcosms amended with 4-chlorobiphenyl. The toxic effect could not be attributed to 4-chlorobiphenyl but was due to a compound formed from the transformation of 4-chlorobiphenyl by the natural microflora. Potential metabolites of 4-chlorobiphenyl, 4-chlorobenzoate and 4-chlorocatechol, caused similar toxic effects. We tested the hypothesis that the toxic effects are due to the formation of protoanemonin, a plant-derived antibiotic, which is toxic to microorganisms and which has been shown to be formed from 4-chlorocatechol by enzymes of the 3-oxoadipate pathway. Consistent with our hypothesis, addition to soil microcosms of strains able to reroute intermediary 4-chlorocatechol from the 3-oxoadipate pathway and into the meta-cleavage pathway or able to mineralize 4-chlorocatechol by a modified ortho-cleavage pathway resulted in reversal of this toxic effect. Surprisingly, while direct addition of protoanemonin influenced both the viability of fungi and the microbial activity of the soil microcosm, there was little effect on bacterial viability due to its rapid degradation. This rapid degradation accounts for our inability to detect this compound in soils amended with 4-chlorocatechol. However, significant accumulation of protoanemonin was observed by a mixed bacterial community enriched with benzoate or a mixture of benzoate and 4-methylbenzoate, providing the metabolic potential of the soil to form protoanemonin. The effects of soil heterogeneity and microcosm interactions are discussed in relation to the different effects of protoanemonin when applied as a shock load and when it is produced in small amounts from precursors over long periods.
Sorption parameters as a predictor of arsenic phytotoxicity in Australian soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Degradation in soil of precursors and by-products associated with the illicit manufacture of methylamphetamine: Implications for clandestine drug laboratory investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2012.03.011
Abstract: Key precursors and by-products in the Leuckardt, Nagai and dissolving metal reductive syntheses of methyl hetamine undergo degradation in soil as a result of biotic and abiotic processes. Furthermore, methyl hetamine is a product of the degradation of 1-(1',4'-cyclohexadienyl)-2-methylaminopropane and N-formylmethyl hetamine. These findings have implications for the forensic assessment of buried residues recovered from clandestine laboratory sites because markers used to infer the synthetic methods used might be absent as a result of degradation and because methyl hetamine might be present in residues as a result of degradation rather than as a direct result of its manufacture in the laboratory.
Identification and visualisation of microplastics by Raman mapping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2019.05.021
Abstract: Recently, microplastics (MP) have emerged as global contaminants of serious concern to human and ecological health. However, identification and visualisation of MP are still a challenge, whether from wastewater, oceans, sediment or soil. Particularly when MP are mapped to visualise their distribution, the background signal from sediment and soil might be high and shield the MP signal from the analysis. Raman has recently received increasing attention, as the complementary spectrum of infrared (IR), because it can overcome the drawbacks of IR analysis including water interference, low lateral resolution and a complex spectrum. Here we show that Raman can identify and visualise MP from a soil/sand background, with almost no s le preparation, no dye, no destruction of the s le and no interference from water/organic matter/fluorescence background signals as well. By mapping image via their characteristic and fingerprint peaks, MP including polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP) can be in idually identified and visualised. The lateral resolution along the focal plane is 1 μm ixel to catch small MP down to 1 μm.
Chromium-Microorganism Interactions in Soils: Remediation Implications
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2003
Abstract: Discharge of Cr waste from many industrial applications such as leather tanning, textile production, electroplating, metallurgy, and petroleum refinery has led to large-scale contamination of land and water. Generally, Cr exists in two stable states: Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(III) is not very soluble and is immobilized by precipitation as hydroxides. Cr(VI) is toxic, soluble, and easily transported to water resources. Cr(VI) undergoes rapid reduction to Cr(III), in the presence of organic sources or other reducing compounds as electron donors, to become precipitated as hydroxides. Cr(VI)-reducing microorganisms are ubiquitous in soil and water. A wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts and algae, with exceptional ability to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) anaerobically and/or aerobically, have been isolated from Cr-contaminated and noncontaminated soils and water. Bioremediation approaches using the Cr(VI)-reducing ability of introduced (in bioreactors) or indigenous (augmented by supplements with organic amendments) microorganisms has been more successful for remediation of Cr-contaminated water than soils. Apart from enzymatic reduction, nonenzymatic reduction of Cr(VI) can also be common and widespread in the environment. For instance, biotic-abiotic coupling reactions involving the microbially formed products, H2S (the end product of sulfate reduction), Fe(II) [formed by Fe(III) reduction], and sulfite (formed during oxidation of elemental sulfur), can mediate the dissimilatory reduction of Cr(VI). Despite the dominant occurrence of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reduction of Cr(VI), natural attenuation of Cr(VI) is not taking place at a long-term contaminated site in South Australia, even 225 years after the last disposal of tannery waste. Evidence suggests that excess moisture conditions leading to saturation or flooded conditions promote the complete removal of Cr(VI) in soil s les from this contaminated site but Cr(VI) reappears, probably because of oxidation of the Cr(III) by Mn oxides, with a subsequent shift to drying conditions in the soil. In such environments with low natural attenuation capacity resulting from reversible oxidation of Cr(III), bioeremediation of Cr(VI) can be a challenging task.
In-situ remediation of an anthropogenic arsenic contamination
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 06-07-2012
DOI: 10.1201/B12522-142
Chemistry of chromium in soils with emphasis on tannery waste sites
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2003
Abstract: Worldwide chromium contamination of soils has arisen predominantly from the common practice of land-based disposal of tannery wastes under the assumption that the dominant species in the tannery waste would be the thermodynamically stable Cr(III) species. However, significant levels of toxic Cr(VI) recently detected in surface water and groundwater in India, China, Australia, and elsewhere raise critical questions relating to current disposal criteria for Cr-containing wastes. It now appears that despite the thermodynamic stability of Cr(III), the presence of certain naturally occurring minerals, especially Mn oxides, can enhance oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in the soil environment. This factor is of public concern because at high pH, Cr(VI) is bioavailable, and it is this form that is highly mobile and therefore poses the greatest risk of groundwater contamination. A review of the current literature indicates that extensive research has been performed on the speciation of Cr in soil, the effect of pH on soil solution concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), soil adsorption phenomenon of Cr species, redox reactions, and transformation of Cr(II) and Cr(VI) together with remediation strategies to decontaminate Cr-contaminated soils. Most of the studies were conducted using an uncontaminated soil artificially spiked with Cr, and very limited research has been conducted in the contaminated soil environment. Furthermore, studies on tannery waste contaminated soils are limited, and obviously a serious gap of knowledge exists in understanding the influence of long-term tannery waste contamination on Cr behavior in soil.
Endophyte-assisted phytoremediation: mechanisms and current application strategies for soil mixed pollutants
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2019
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1675582
Abstract: Phytoremediation uses plants and associated microbes to remove pollutants from the environment and is considered a promising bioremediation method. Compared with well-described single contaminant treatments, the number of studies reporting phytoremediation of soil mixed pollutants has increased recently. Endophytes, including bacteria and fungi, exhibit beneficial traits for the promotion of plant growth, stress alleviation, and biodegradation. Moreover, endophytes either directly or indirectly assist host plants to survive high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants in the soil. Endophytic microorganisms can also regulate the plant metabolism in different ways, exhibiting a variety of physiological characteristics. This review summarizes the taxa and physiological properties of endophytic microorganisms that may participate in the detoxification of contaminant mixtures. Furthermore, potential biomolecules that may enhance endophyte mediated phytoremediation are discussed. The practical applications of pollutant-degrading endophytes and current strategies for applying this valuable bio-resource to soil phytoremediation are summarized.
The impact of low molecular weight organic acids from plants with C3 and C4 photosystems on the rhizoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Are the existing guideline values adequate to protect soil health from inorganic mercury contamination?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.04.037
Abstract: Currently, data that guide safe concentration ranges for inorganic mercury in the soil are lacking and subsequently, threaten soil health. In the present study, a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach was applied to estimate critical mercury concentration that has little (HC
The use of unicellular soil green algae for insecticide bioassay
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1989
Algal Degradation of a Known Endocrine Disrupting Insecticide, α-Endosulfan, and Its Metabolite, Endosulfan Sulfate, in Liquid Medium and Soil
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-04-2004
DOI: 10.1021/JF035173X
Abstract: The role of algae in the persistence, transformation, and bioremediation of two endocrine disrupting chemicals, alpha-endosulfan (a cyclodiene insecticide) and its oxidation product endosulfan sulfate, in soil (incubated under light or in darkness) and a liquid medium was examined. Incubation of soil under light dramatically decreased the persistence of alpha-endosulfan and enhanced its transformation to endosulfan sulfate, over that of dark-incubated soil s les, under both nonflooded and flooded conditions. This enhanced degradation of soil-applied alpha-endosulfan was associated with profuse growth of indigenous phototrophic organisms such as algae in soil incubated under light. Inoculation of soil with green algae, Chlorococcum sp. or Scenedesmus sp., further enhanced the degradation of alpha-endosulfan. The role of algae in alpha-endosulfan degradation was convincingly demonstrated when these algae degraded alpha-endosulfan to endosulfan sulfate, the major metabolite, and endosulfan ether, a minor metabolite, in a defined liquid medium. When a high density of the algal inoculum was used, both metabolites appeared to undergo further degradation as evident from their accumulation only in small amounts and the appearance of an endosulfan-derived aldehyde. Interestingly, beta-endosulfan was detected during degradation of alpha-endosulfan by high density algal cultures. These algae were also capable of degrading endosulfan sulfate but to a lesser extent than alpha-endosulfan. Evidence suggested that both alpha-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate were immediately sorbed by the algae from the medium, which then effected their degradation. Biosorption, coupled with their biotransformation ability, especially at a high inoculum density, makes algae effective candidates for remediation of alpha-endosulfan-polluted environments.
Petrophilic, Fe(III) Reducing Exoelectrogen Citrobacter sp. KVM11, Isolated From Hydrocarbon Fed Microbial Electrochemical Remediation Systems
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-03-2018
Metabolism of monocrotophos and quinalphos by algae isolated from soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF01689414
Abstract: Embryo kinetics analysis is an emerging tool for selecting embryo(s) for transfer. The aim of the present study was to determine morphokinetic parameters easily usable in the laboratory and predictive of embryo development and, most importantly, of embryo competence in producing a clinical pregnancy after day 5 transfer. A retrospective time-lapse monitoring analysis of morphokinetic parameters for 72 fully implanted embryos (group A) were compared to 106 non-implanted embryos (group B), and to 66 embryos with arrested development from the same pool of group A. All the embryos were from 78 patients undergoing ICSI treatment and day 5 embryo transfers. A day 3 embryo will develop into a viable blastocyst if the following ranges of morphokinetic parameters are met: t1 (between 18.4 h and 30.9 h post-ICSI), t2 (21.4-34.8 h), t4 (33.1-57.2 h), t7 (46.1-82.5 h), t8 (46.4-97.8 h), tC-tF (7.7-22.9 h) and s3 (0.7-30.8 h). On day 5 embryos with the highest probability to implant are those with a cc3 between 9.7 h and 21 h. Morphokinetic parameters are helpful to make appropriate decisions for the disposition of each embryo. It is recommended that each laboratory should determine its own ranges of in vitro development (IVD-MKP) and implantation-associated (IMP-MKP) morphokinetic parameters.
Evaluation of cyto- and genotoxic effects of Class B firefighting foam products: Tridol-S 3% AFFF and Tridol-S 6% AFFF to Allium cepa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Preparation, characterization of surfactants modified clay minerals and nitrate adsorption
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
Simultaneously determining multi-metal ions using an ion selective electrode array system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Behavior and fate of fungicide chlorothalonil in urban landscape soils and associated environmental concern.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-12-2021
DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.2014255
Abstract: This novel study investigated the behavior and fate of chlorothalonil in terms of kinetics, sorption‒desorption and leaching potential in urban landscape soils using batch experiments. The pseudo-second-order model well described the sorption kinetics of chlorothalonil in urban soils. Consequently, chlorothalonil was partitioned into heterogeneous surfaces of soil following the Freundlich isotherm model. According to PCA, soil organic matter (OM), silt, clay, and oxides of Al and Fe exhibited a significant positive correlation (
A Review on the Genetics of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S12010-015-1881-Y
Abstract: Because of the high ersity of hydrocarbons, degradation of each class of these compounds is activated by a specific enzyme. However, most of other downstream enzymes necessary for complete degradation of hydrocarbons maybe common between different hydrocarbons. The genes encoding proteins for degradation of hydrocarbons, including the proteins required for the uptake of these molecules, the specific enzyme used for the initial activation of the molecules and other necessary degrading enzymes are usually arranged as an operon. Although the corresponding genes in many phylogenetic groups of microbial species show different levels of ersity in terms of the gene sequence, the organisation of the genes in the genome or on plasmids and the activation mode (inductive or constitutive), some organisms show identical hydrocarbon-degrading genes, probably as a result of horizontal gene transfer between microorganisms.
Effect of arsenate contamination on free, immobilized and soil alkaline phosphatases: activity, kinetics and thermodynamics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2016
DOI: 10.1111/EJSS.12397
Determination of Tetrachloroethene, Trichloroethylene, and Their Metabolites at Trace Levels in Ground Waters by On-Line Solid Phase Extraction/HPLC
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2004
Adsorption of the herbicide 2,4-D on organo-palygorskite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
Hydrolysis of fenamiphos and its toxic oxidation products by Microbacterium sp. in pure culture and groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2008.12.043
Abstract: A bacterium with an exceptional ability to hydrolyse fenamiphos and its toxic oxidation products fenamiphos sulfoxide and fenamiphos sulfone, all possessing POC bond was isolated from soil. Based on 16S rRNA gene determination, this bacterium was putatively identified as Microbacterium esteraromaticum. The phenols (fenamiphos phenol, sulfoxide phenol and sulfone phenol) formed during bacterial hydrolysis resisted further degradation in mineral salts medium and sterile groundwater, but were transitory in non-sterile groundwater due to the catabolism of native microorganisms. Also, the cell-free preparation of this bacterium was highly effective in hydrolysing fenamiphos and its oxides. These results demonstrate the potential of this bacterium to detoxify pesticide waste in the environment including the groundwater.
Oak (Quercus robur) Acorn Peel as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aquatic Ecosystems and Industrial Effluents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2016
Removal of PFASs from biosolids using a semi-pilot scale pyrolysis reactor and the application of biosolids derived biochar for the removal of PFASs from contaminated water
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0EW00763C
Abstract: This study focuses on the conversion of biosolids to biochar and its further use in adsorbing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated water.
Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA): A critical review with an emphasis on field testing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Characterization of Iron–Polyphenol Nanoparticles Synthesized by Three Plant Extracts and Their Fenton Oxidation of Azo Dye
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-02-2014
DOI: 10.1021/SC500021N
Uptake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by common home-grown vegetable plants and potential risks to human health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its reduction by bacteria isolated from soil contaminated with tannery waste
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1007/S00284-002-3889-0
Abstract: An Arthrobacter sp. and a Bacillus sp., isolated from a long-term tannery waste contaminated soil, were examined for their tolerance to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and their ability to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), a detoxification process in cell suspensions and cell extracts. Both bacteria tolerated Cr(VI) at 100 mg/ml on a minimal salts agar medium supplemented with 0.5% glucose, but only Arthrobacter could grow in liquid medium at this concentration. Arthrobacter sp. could reduce Cr(VI) up to 50 microg/ml, while Bacillus sp. was not able to reduce Cr(VI) beyond 20 microg/ml. Arthrobacter sp. was distinctly superior to the Bacillus sp. in terms of their Cr(VI)-reducing ability and resistance to Cr(VI). Assays with permeabilized (treated with toluene or Triton X 100) cells and crude extracts demonstrated that the Cr(VI) reduction was mainly associated with the soluble protein fraction of the cell. Arthrobacter sp. has a great potential for bioremediation of Cr(VI)-containing waste.
Toxicity and transformation of insecticide fenamiphos to the earthworm Eisenia fetida
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S10646-010-0552-6
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide fenamiphos to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) under laboratory conditions. Earthworms were exposed to soils differing in their physico-chemical properties spiked with fenamiphos at concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 mg kg(-1) for a period of 4 weeks. Residues of fenamiphos and its metabolites were determined in both soils and earthworms after 4 weeks of pesticide exposure. Fenamiphos was degraded faster in the alkaline soil than in the neutral and acidic soils. Median lethal concentration of fenamiphos in the neutral soil was 228 mg kg(-1) soil. Residues of fenamiphos caused a significant reduction in the biomass of worms, especially the ones exposed to the pesticide in the acidic soil. In vitro experiments suggested that fenamiphos was biotransformed in the earthworms principally to its oxide metabolite. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the biotransformation of fenamiphos by E. fetida.
Degradation of four pesticides in five urban landscape soils: human and environmental health risk assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-022-01278-W
Abstract: Pesticides are the most cost-effective means of pest control however, the serious concern is about the non-target effects due to their extensive and intensive use in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. The degradation rate constant ( k ) and half-life (DT 50 ) of four commonly used pesticides, glyphosate, 2,4-D, chlorothalonil and dimethoate were determined in five Australian urban landscape soils, with varying physicochemical characteristics, to assess their environmental and human health risks. The k values (day −1 ) for the selected pesticides were inversely proportional to those of organic carbon (OC), silt, clay and Fe and Al oxides, and directly proportional to pH and sand content in soils. In contrast, the calculated values of DT 50 (days) of all the four pesticides in five soils positively correlated with OC, clay, silt and oxides of Fe and Al, whereas soil pH and sand content exhibited a negative correlation. The calculated values of environmental indices, GUS and LIX, for the selected pesticides indicate their potential portability into water bodies, affecting non-target organisms as well as food safety. The evaluation for human non-cancer risk of these pesticides, based on the calculated values of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), suggested that exposure of adults and children to soils, contaminated with 50% of initially applied concentrations, through ingestion, dermal and inhalation pathways might cause negligible to zero non-carcinogenic risks. The present data might help the stakeholders in applying recommended doses of pesticides in urban landscapes and regulatory bodies concerned in monitoring the overall environmental quality and implementing safeguard policies. Our study also clearly demonstrates the need for developing improved formulations and spraying technologies for pesticides to minimize human and environmental health risks. Graphic abstract
Recalcitrance of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis( p -chlorophenyl)ethylene to degradation by pure cultures of 1,1-diphenylethylene-degrading aerobic bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-1998
Abstract: 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) is the peri-chlorinated derivative of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE). Biodegradation of DDE and DPE by bacteria has so far not been shown. Pure cultures of aerobic bacteria involved in biodegradation of styrene and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were therefore screened for their ability to degrade or cometabolize DPE and DDE. Styrene-metabolizing bacteria (Rho-dococcus strains S5 and VLB150) grew with DPE as their sole source of carbon and energy. Polychlorinated-biphenyl-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhodococcus globerulus) were unable to degrade DPE even in the presence of an easily utilizable cosubstrate, biphenyl. This is the first report of the utilization of DPE as sole carbon and energy source by bacteria. All the tested bacteria failed to degrade DDE when it was provided as the sole carbon source or in the presence of the respective degradable cosubstrates. DPE transformation could also be detected in cell-free extracts of Rhodococcus S5 and VLB150, but DDE was not transformed, indicating that cell wall and membrane diffusion barriers were not limiting biodegradation. The results of the present study show that, at least for some bacteria, the chlorination of DDE is the main reason for its resistance to biodegradation by styrene and DPE-degrading bacteria.
Kinetics of PAH degradation by a new acid-metal-tolerant Trabulsiella isolated from the MGP site soil and identification of its potential to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorous
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.12.068
Abstract: Development of an efficient bioinoculum is considered as an appropriate remedial approach to treat the PAHs-metal mixed contaminated sites. Therefore, we aimed to isolate a degrader able to exert an outstanding PAH catabolic potential with added traits of pH-metal-resistance, N-fix or P-solubilization from a manufactured gas plant site soil. The identified strain (MTS-6) was a first low and high molecular weight (LMW and HMW) PAHs degrading Trabulsiella sp. tolerant to pH 5. MTS-6 completely degraded the model 3 [150mgL(-1) phenanthrene (Phe)], 4 [150mgL(-1) pyrene (Pyr)] and 5 [50mgL(-1) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)] ring PAHs in 6, 25 and 90 days, respectively. Presence of co-substrate (100mgL(-1) Phe) increased the biodegradation rate constant (k) and decreased the half-life time (t1/2) of HMW PAHs (100mgL(-1) Pyr or 50mgL(-1) BaP). The strain fixed 47μgmL(-1)N and solubilized 58μgmL(-1)P during PAH metabolism and exhibited an EC50 value of 3-4mgL(-1) for Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. Over 6mgL(-1) metal levels was lethal for the microbe. The identified bacterium (MTS-6) with exceptional multi-functional traits opens the way for its exploitation in the bioremediation of manufactured gas plant sites in a sustainable way by employing bioaugmentation strategy.
Green synthesis of Fe nanoparticles using eucalyptus leaf extracts for treatment of eutrophic wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.07.022
Abstract: Iron nanoparticles were firstly synthesized through a one-step room-temperature biosynthetic route using eucalyptus leaf extracts (EL-Fe NPs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) confirmed the successful synthesis of the spheroidal iron nanoparticles. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR) indicated that some polyphenols are bound to the surfaces of EL-Fe NPs as a capping/stabilizing agent. Reactivity of EL-Fe NPs was evaluated for the treatment of swine wastewater and results indicated that 71.7% of total N and 84.5% of COD were removed, respectively. This demonstrated the tremendous potential of EL-Fe NPs for in situ remediation of eutrophic wastewater.
In Silico Approach to Support that p-Nitrophenol Monooxygenase from Arthrobacter sp. Strain JS443 Catalyzes the Initial Two Sequential Monooxygenations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12539-015-0018-X
Abstract: p-Nitrophenol (PNP), used primarily for manufacturing pesticides and dyes, has been recognized as a priority environmental pollutant. It is therefore important to reduce the input of this toxicant into the environment and to establish approaches for its removal from the contaminated sites. PNP monooxygenase, a novel enzyme from Gram-positive bacteria like Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp., that comprises two components, a flavoprotein reductase and an oxygenase, catalyzes the initial two sequential monooxygenations to convert PNP to trihydroxybenzene. Accurate and reliable prediction of this enzyme-substrate interactions and binding affinity are of vital importance in understanding these catalytic mechanisms of the two sequential reactions. As crystal structure of the enzyme has not yet been published, we built a homology model for PNP monooxygenase using crystallized chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia AC1100 (3HWC) as the template. The model was assessed for its reliability using PROCHECK, ERRAT and ProSA. Molecular docking of the physiological substrates, PNP and 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC), was carried out using Glide v5.7 implemented in Maestro v9.2, and the binding energies were calculated to substantiate the prediction. Docking complexes formed by molecular level interactions of PNP monooxygenase-PNP/4-NC without or with the cofactors, FAD and NADH, showed good correlation with the established experimental evidence that the two-component PNP monooxygenase catalyzes both the hydroxylation of PNP and the oxidative release of nitrite from 4-NC in B. sphaericus JS905. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations performed for docking complexes using Desmond v3.0 showed stable nature of the interactions as well.
The impacts of environmental pollutants on microalgae and cyanobacteria
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-07-2010
Whole cell microalgal-cyanobacterial array biosensor for monitoring Cd, Cr and Zn in aquatic systems
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 26-08-2021
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2021.339
Abstract: Bioavailable content of metals in aquatic systems has become critical in assessing the toxic effect of metals accumulating in the environment. Considering the need for rapid measurements, an optical microalgal-cyanobacterial array biosensor was developed using two strains of microalgae, Mesotaenium sp. and a strain of cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. to detect Cd2+, Cr6+ and Zn2+ in aquatic systems. Microalgal and cyanobacterial cells were immobilized in a 96-well microplate using sol-gel method using silica. Optimum operational conditions for the biosensor array such as exposure time, storage stability, pH, and multiple metal effect were tested. A 10 min exposure time yielded optimum fluorescence values. Metal toxicity increased with decreasing pH, resulting in low relative fluorescence (%) and decreased with increasing pH, resulting in higher relative fluorescence (%). The optimum storage time for biosensor strains were 4 weeks for microalgal cultures and 8 weeks for cyanobacterial culture, at 4 °C storage temperature. The metal mixtures showed less effect on the inhibition of relative fluorescence (%) of microalgal/cyanobacterial cultures, displaying an antagonistic behavior among the metals tested. As a single unit, this photosynthetic array biosensor will be a valuable tool in detecting multi-metals in aquatic systems.
Organoclays reduce arsenic bioavailability and bioaccessibility in contaminated soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-03-2012
Kaolin-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removing cationic dye–crystal violet in aqueous solution
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2014
Recurrent bridgehead effects accelerate global alien ant spread
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 07-05-2018
Abstract: Because of the globalization of trade and travel, worldwide invasion rates are high. A potential driver of the global acceleration of new invasions is the so-called bridgehead effect, in which initial invasive populations serve as the source of additional invasions via secondary introductions. However, the frequency and overall importance of secondary introductions remain largely unknown. Using a remarkable dataset, spanning nearly 100 years (1914–2013), of ant interceptions at air and maritime ports in the United States and New Zealand, we found that most ant introductions arise via secondary transport via intermediate regions. Our analyses also reveal positive feedback between the introduction and establishment stages of the invasion process via secondary introductions acting as a critical driver of increasing global invasion rates.
Toxicity of chlorpyrifos and TCP alone and in combination to Daphnia carinata: The influence of microbial degradation in natural water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2007.06.025
Abstract: The acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos and its principal metabolite 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) alone and in combination to a cladoceran, Daphnia carinata, was studied in both cladoceran culture medium and natural water collected from a local suburban stream. TCP was found to be more toxic than its parent chemical chlorpyrifos to Daphnia survival in cladoceran culture medium. However, TCP in natural water was not toxic to D. carinata up to 2 microgL(-1). The LC(50) values for chlorpyrifos, TCP and chlorpyrifos+TCP were 0.24, 0.20 and 0.08 microgL(-1), respectively, in cladoceran culture medium. Although the parent chemicals and their degradation products co-exist in natural waters, the existing guidelines for water quality are based on in idual chemicals. The results of this investigation suggest that chlorpyrifos and TCP can interact synergistically, additively or antagonistically, resulting in an increase or decrease in the overall toxicity of the mixture compared to in idual compounds. The indigenous microorganisms in natural water could play a significant role in degradation of these compounds thereby influencing their toxicity in receiving waters. This study clearly suggests that the joint action of pesticides and their degradation products should be considered in the development of water quality guidelines. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the interactive effect of chlorpyrifos and TCP to a cladoceran and suggests that these two compounds are non-toxic when present together at concentrations up to 0.12 microgL(-1). However, these compounds together act additively at and above 0.5 microgL(-1) to fresh water invertebrates and therefore pollution with these compounds may adversely affect natural ecosystems.
Impact of plant photosystems in the remediation of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene spiked soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.11.081
Abstract: The phytoremediation potential of 14 different plant species belonging to C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathway for soils spiked with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and pyrene (PYR) was investigated. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to measure the changes in morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters and the bioaccumulation and biodegradation ability of the plants in soils spiked with 48 and 194 mg kg
Growth response of four species of soil algae to monocrotophos and quinalphos
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1986
Effects of ageing and soil properties on the oral bioavailability of benzo[a]pyrene using a swine model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2014.05.017
Abstract: Oral bioavailability of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was studied in a swine model using eight spiked soil s les after incubation for 50 and/or 90 days. Silica sand was used as a reference material and the relative bioavailability (RB) of B[a]P in soils was calculated as the quotient of the area under the plasma B[a]P curve (AUC) for soil and AUC for the silica sand. Significantly reduced RB was observed in all study soils after 90 days ageing, ranging from 22.1±0.4% to 62.7±10.1%, except for one very sandy soil (sand content 87.6%) where RB was unchanged (108.1±8.0%). Apart from this, bioavailability decreased during ageing with the decrease (from day 50 to day 90) being only significant for a clayey soil containing expandable clay minerals. Statistical analyses of B[a]P RB at day 90 (eight soils) and soil properties showed no direct correlation between RB and specific soil properties such as total organic carbon (TOC) and clay content which were commonly linked to organic contaminant sequestration. However, strongly significant relationships (p<0.001) were found between RB and the fine particle associated carbon (FPAC) defined as (Silt+Clay)/TOC, and between RB and the soil mesopore (<6nm p<0.001) fraction, after two s les with high pH and high EC being excluded from the analyses. The bioaccessibility estimated by four in vitro extraction methods: dichloromethane/acetone sonication (DCM/Ace), butanol vortex (BuOH), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin extraction (HPCD) and Milli Q water leaching methods at different s ling time (1 day, 50 days and 90 days after spiking) also showed a decreasing trend. Significant correlations were found between B[a]P RB and DCM/Ace (R(2)=0.67, p<0.05) extractable fraction and BuOH (R(2)=0.75, p<0.01) extractable fraction.
Bark beetles attacking conifer seedlings: picking on the weakest or feasting upon the fittest?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2014
Mercury resistance and volatilization by Pseudoxanthomonas sp. SE1 isolated from soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Human health risk assessment of pesticides in lettuce and spinach grown in urban backyard garden soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) contamination as a global agro-ecological issue: A critical view
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
The Biodiversity Changes in the Microbial Population of Soils Contaminated with Crude Oil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00284-016-1001-4
Abstract: Crude oil spills resulting from excavation, transportation and downstream processes can cause intensive damage to living organisms and result in changes in the microbial population of that environment. In this study, we used a pyrosequencing analysis to investigate changes in the microbial population of soils contaminated with crude oil. Crude oil contamination in soil resulted in the creation of a more homogenous population of microorganisms dominated by members of the Actinomycetales, Clostridiales and Bacillales (all belonging to Gram-positive bacteria) as well as Flavobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales and Sphingomonadales (all belonging to Gram-negative bacteria). These changes in the bio ersity decreased the ratios of chemoheterotrophic bacteria at higher concentrations of crude oil contamination, with these being replaced by photoheterotrophic bacteria, mainly Rhodospirillales. Several of the dominant microbial orders in the crude oil contaminated soils are able to degrade crude oil hydrocarbons and therefore are potentially useful for remediation of crude oil in contaminated sites.
Removal of interferences in the speciation of chromium using an octopole reaction system in ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 31-10-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2007.05.030
Abstract: When inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used for the detection of (52)Cr (83.8%) species in ion chromatography (IC), interference from polyatomic ions such as (40)Ar(12)C(+) and (35)Cl(16)O(1)H(+), often occurs due to their mass at m/z 52. To address the issue, an octopole reaction system (ORS) in ICP-MS, including He and H(2) modes, was used to determine whether the background and interference from polyatomic ions could be reduced in the detection of (52)Cr. Compared to standard mode, the polyatomic ions were reduced by either He or H(2) for ex le, more than 97 and 98% of (35)Cl was removed using a He and H(2) tune, respectively. However, the detection sensitivity for (52)Cr was decreased, for ex le, the sensitivity was 27.95 and 67.02% of the standard mode for Cr(EDTA)(2)(-)using a He and H(2) tune, respectively. The H(2) tune is recommended for the detection of (52)Cr at a flow rate of 2.0mL/min with detection limits in the range of 0.2-0.4mug/L. The developed method was used to measure chromium speciation in waters containing high concentration of chloride.
Speciation of chromium in waste water using ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 30-04-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2006.10.041
Abstract: Ion chromatography (IC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was systematically investigated for determining the speciation of chromium in environmental s les. Firstly, the stability of complexes formed by Cr(III) with various aminopolycarboxylic acids was studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results showed that [Cr(EDTA)](-) was stable in solution. Secondly, various mobile phases were examined to separate Cl(-) from chromium species by IC to avoid Cl(-) interference. The separation of [Cr(EDTA)](-) and Cr(VI) was achieved on a new anion-exchange column (G3154A/102) using a mobile phase containing 20mM NH(4)NO(3) and 10mM NH(4)H(2)PO(4) at pH 7.0 without Cl(-) interference. Detection limits for chromium species were below 0.2 microg/L with a direct injection of s le and without prior removal of interferences from the matrix. Finally, the proposed method was used for the determination of chromium species in contaminated waters.
The accuracy in the assessment of arsenic toxicity using soil alkaline phosphatase depends on soil water contents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Reactivity of iron-based nanoparticles by green synthesis under various atmospheres and their removal mechanism of methylene blue
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA10629J
Abstract: The reduction degradation pathway of MB molecules.
Soil microalgae and cyanobacteria: the biotechnological potential in the maintenance of soil fertility and health
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-08-2019
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1654972
Abstract: The soil microbiota plays a major role in maintaining the nutrient balance, carbon sink, and soil health. Numerous studies reported on the function of microbiota such as plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi in soil. Although microalgae and cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in soil, very less attention has been paid on the potential of these microorganisms. The indiscriminate use of various chemicals to enhance agricultural productivity led to serious consequences like structure instability, accumulation of toxic contaminants, etc., leading to an ecological imbalance between soil, plant, and microbiota. However, the significant role of microalgae and cyanobacteria in crop productivity and other potential options has been so far undermined. The intent of the present critical review is to highlight the significance of this unique group of microorganisms in terms of maintaining soil fertility and soil health. Beneficial soil ecological applications of these two groups in enhancing plant growth, establishing interrelationships among other microbes, and detoxifying chemical agents such as insecticides, herbicides, etc. through mutualistic cooperation by synthesizing enzymes and phytohormones are presented. Since recombinant technology involving genomic integration favors the development of useful traits in microalgae and cyanobacteria for their potential application in improvement of soil fertility and health, the merits and demerits of various such advanced methodologies associated in harnessing the biotechnological potential of these photosynthetic microorganisms for sustainable agriculture were also discussed.
Chronic and Transgenerational Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations in Earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ETC.5072
Abstract: Recently, soil contamination with microplastics has emerged as a serious global environmental concern that has necessitated more research on their potential impacts on soil biota. We investigated the acute and chronic toxicity of 2 different polystyrene microplastics, pure versus commercial (0–0.5% w/w in soil sized 65–125 µm) on earthworm mortality, reproduction, and genotoxicity. Whereas the microplastics showed no acute toxicity in terms of mortality, reproduction was adversely affected in both parents (F0) and first filial generation (F1) of earthworms, with % reduction in juvenile production at 0.5% microplastics concentration in soil. Also, significant genotoxicity in terms of DNA damage was observed in the F0 and F1 earthworms. Chemical analysis of microplastic‐exposed soils showed the presence of several benzene derivatives that are associated with polystyrene particles. Our study, for the first time to our knowledge, demonstrated the long‐term adverse effects on earthworms of polystyrene microplastics even at environmentally relevant concentrations. The results have significant implications for risk assessment of polystyrene microplastics to soil biota. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021 :2240–2246. © 2021 SETAC
Impact of iron-based nanoparticles on microbial denitrification by Paracoccus sp. strain YF1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUATOX.2013.09.005
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of Fe and Fe/Ni nanoparticles on biological denitrification when using Paracoccus sp. strain YF1. Results show that adding Fe and Fe/Ni nanoparticles to the cells decreased their growth and denitrification rate. Compared to that of free cells (control 89.47%), a decrease (64.33%) in the presence of 1000 mg/L Fe/Ni nanoparticles was observed, while a small decline in the denitrification rate (76.36%) was obtained when the concentration of Fe nanoparticles was 1000 mg/L. These were further confirmed by adding Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Fe3O4, Fe(2+)/Ni(2+) and Fe(3+)/Ni(2+) in idually to the free cell system. Furthermore, Fe and Fe/Ni nanoparticles influenced the nitrate removal and bacterial growth under different pH and temperature conditions. SEM, XRD and EDS demonstrated that iron oxides formed as a result of nanoparticles corrosion in biological medium. Finally the presence of nanoparticles around some bacteria was observed.
Postcombustion Capture of CO2 by Diamines Containing One Primary and One Tertiary Amino Group: Reaction Rate and Mechanism
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-07-2019
Does cadmium influence arsenic phytotoxicity?
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 10-04-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B16767-141
Biodegradation of methyl parathion by soil isolates of microalgae and cyanobacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00192047
Bioaccumulation and toxicity of lead, influenced by edaphic factors: using earthworms to study the effect of Pb on ecological health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-11-2017
Persistence of endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in soil as affected by moisture regime and organic matter addition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2002
DOI: 10.1007/S001280314
Potential effect of warming on soil microbial nutrient limitations as determined by enzymatic stoichiometry in the farmland from different climate zones
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Identification of the source of PFOS and PFOA contamination at a military air base site
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-014-4111-0
Abstract: Although the use of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) erfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-based aqueous fire-fighting foams (AFFF) has been banned due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity to biota, PFOS and PFOA are still present at significant levels in the environment due to their past usage. This study investigated the reasons for detection of PFOS and PFOA in an evaporation pond used to collect the wastewater arising from fire-fighting exercises at a military air base despite the replacement of PFOS/PFOA-based foam with no PFOS/PFOA-foam about 6 years ago. Concentrations in the wastewater stored in this pond ranged from 3.6 to 9.7 mg/L for PFOS and between 0.6 and 1.7 mg/L for PFOA. The hypothesis tested in a laboratory study was that PFOS and PFOA have accumulated in the sediments of the pond and can be released into the main body of the water. Concentrations detected in the sediments were 38 and 0.3 mg/g for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. These values exceed the recently reported average global values for sediments (0.2-3.8 ng/g for PFOS and from 0.1 to 0.6 ng/g for PFOA) by a factor of several thousands. PFOS and PFOA distribution coefficients were derived for the organic content of the pond sediment (1.6%). Identification of the source of contamination and knowledge of the partition between soil and aqueous phases are vital first steps in developing a sustainable remediation technology to remove the source from the site. This study clearly suggests that unless the sediment is cleaned of PFOS/PFOA, these chemicals will continue to be detected for a long period in the pond water, with potential adverse impacts on the ecosystem.
Effects of arsenic and cadmium on bioaccessibility of lead in spiked soils assessed by Unified BARGE Method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2016.03.133
Abstract: The bioaccessibility of lead (Pb) in contaminated soils has been extensively studied, including the influence of soil properties on Pb bioaccessibility. However, little is known about the effects of other metals/metalloid, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) on the bioaccessibility of Pb, i.e. whether As or Cd could increase or decrease the solubility of Pb in human gastrointestinal tract when Pb-contaminated soil and As-contaminated (or Cd-contaminated) soil are ingested simultaneously. Furthermore, it is far from clear that if soil property could make a difference to these effects. In this study, seven types of soils were collected in Australia and spiked with As, Cd or Pb. Gastric bioaccessibility of Pb ranged from 44 ± 0.9% to 100 ± 6.7% whilst intestinal bioaccessibility dropped to 1 ± 0.2% to 36 ± 1.7%. Statistical analysis shows total Pb in soil was the most significant controller for bioaccessible Pb. Effects of As and Cd on the bioaccessibility of Pb in simulated human digestive system were studied by mixing As-spiked soil (or Cd-spiked soil) with Pb-spiked soil of the same type during bioaccessibility test. Results reveal that neither As nor Cd had impact on Pb bioaccessibility, which indicates when As, Cd and Pb aged in soils separately, they may behave independently in the bioaccessibility measuring system. This finding can be part of evidence to assume additive effect when it comes to estimate the bioaccessibility of mixtures of independently-aged As and Pb (or Cd and Pb) in soils.
Nitrogen contamination and bioremediation in groundwater and the environment: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Pyrene degradation by Chlorella sp. MM3 in liquid medium and soil slurry: Possible role of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase in pyrene biodegradation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Degradation of p-nitrophenol by immobilized cells of Bacillus spp. isolated from soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Clay supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles used for reductive degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution: Characterization and kinetics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Microbial role in the failure of natural attenuation of chromium(VI) in long-term tannery waste contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
Enhanced removal of petroleum hydrocarbons using a bioelectrochemical remediation system with pre-cultured anodes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.08.098
Abstract: Bioelectrochemical remediation (BER) systems such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have recently emerged as a green technology for the effective remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants (PH) coupled with simultaneous energy recovery. Recent research has shown that biofilms previously enriched for substrate degrading bacteria resulted in excellent performance in terms of substrate removal and electricity generation but the effects on hydrocarbon contaminant degradation were not examined. Here we investigate the differences between enriched biofilm anodes and freshly inoculated new anodes in diesel fed single chamber mediatorless microbial fuel cells (DMFC) using various techniques for the enhancement of PH contaminant remediation with concomitant electricity generation. An anodophilic microbial consortium previously selected for over a year through continuous culturing with a diesel concentration of about 800mgl(-1) and which now showed complete removal of this concentration of diesel within 30days was compared to that of a freshly inoculated new anode MFC (showing 83.4% removal of diesel) with a simultaneous power generation of 90.81mW/m(2) and 15.04mW/m(2) respectively. The behaviour of pre-cultured anodes at a higher concentration of PH (8000mgl(-1)) was also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed a thick biofilm covering the pre-cultured anodic electrode but not the anode from the freshly inoculated MFC. High resolution imaging showed the presence of thin 60nm diametre pilus-like projections emanating from the cells. Anodic microbial community profiling confirmed that the selection for diesel degrading exoelectrogenic bacteria had occurred. Identification of a biodegradative gene (alkB) provided strong evidence of the catabolic pathway used for diesel degradation in the DMFCs.
Remediation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in contaminated soils by modified clay adsorbent - A risk-based approach topical collection on remediation of site contamination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2013
Determination of bromate and bromide in seawater by ion chromatography, with an ammonium salt solution as mobile phase, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2007
On-line solid phase extraction of pesticide residues in natural water, coupled with liquid chromatography and UV detection, using various sorbents
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-08-2002
Bioaccessibility of barium from barite contaminated soils based on gastric phase in vitro data and plant uptake
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.10.031
Abstract: Barite contamination of soil commonly occurs from either barite mining or explorative drilling operations. This work reported in vitro data for barite contaminated soils using the physiologically based extraction test (PBET) methodology. The existence of barite in plant tissue and the possibility of 'biomineralised' zones was also investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Soils with low barium (Ba) concentrations showed a higher proportion of Ba extractability than barite rich s les. Barium uptake to spinach from soil was different between short term spiking studies and field weathered soils. Furthermore, Ba crystals were not evident in spinach tissue or acid digest solutions grown in barium nitrate spiked soils despite high accumulation. Barite was found in the plant digest solutions from barite contaminated soils only. Results indicate that under the conservative assumptions made, a child would need to consume extreme quantities of soil over an extended period to cause chronic health problems.
Discovery of three woolly apple aphid E riosoma lanigerum (H emiptera: A phididae) biotypes in A ustralia: the role of antixenosis and antibiosis in appl
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-01-2014
DOI: 10.1111/AEN.12074
Heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of monochlorobenzene using green synthesis of iron nanoparticles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.08.020
Abstract: Iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) were synthesized using tea extracts as a catalyst for the Fenton-like oxidation of monochlorobenzene (MCB), where 69%, 53%, and 39% of MCB were, respectively, degraded by Fe NPs synthesized using green tea extracts, oolong tea extracts, and black tea extracts. Fe NPs synthesized using green tea extracts (GT-Fe NPs) demonstrated the best degradation since green tea contains a high concentration of caffeine olyphenols used as both reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of Fe NPs. This was confirmed by SEM image, EDS, and XRD pattern of GT-Fe NPs. In addition, batch experiments show that the oxidation of MCB and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using GT-Fe NPs were 81% and 31%, respectively, at optimal conditions, where dosages were 0.6g/L GT-Fe NPs, 0.045 mol/L H2O2, and initial pH of 3.0. Compared to homogeneous Fenton oxidation of MCB, GT-Fe NPs as a heterogeneous catalyst indicate that Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) leached from GT-Fe NPs nanoparticles and consequently reduced the formation of iron sludge. Finally, GT-Fe NPs were successful in removing MCB from wastewaters, and the possible Fenton-like oxidative mechanism of MCB was proposed. The proposition was based on adsorption of MCB on the surface of GT-Fe NPs, decomposition of H2O2, generation of hydroxyl radicals, and oxidation of MCB.
Effect of zero valent iron nanoparticles to Eisenia fetida in three soil types
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-016-6193-4
Abstract: In this study, the influence of soil types on the effect of the commercial form of C-nZVI on tissue concentrations, cellular component, reproduction outcome in Eisenia fetida, and the soil health was investigated. C-nZVI at concentration level of 3 g kg(-1) soil showed no effect on the survival of E. fetida in the three soil types. However, varying effects such as concentration-dependent increase in tissue iron concentration, lipid peroxidation, and damage to DNA molecules by C-nZVI were observed. C-nZVI at an exposure concentration of 60 mg kg(-1) soil induced oxidative stress in E. fetida. Tissue Fe concentration appeared correlated to the DNA damage. Oxidative stress and DNA damage may explain the toxicity mechanisms of nZVI to E. fetida. Graphical Abstract Reactive oxygen species induced by nZVI.
Chemical Bioavailability in the Terrestrial Environment – recent advances
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Mesorhizobium tamadayense MM3441: A novel methylotroph with a great potential in degrading N,N′-dimethylformamide
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Olfactory Cues, Visual Cues, and Semiochemical Diversity Interact During Host Location by Invasive Forest Beetles
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10886-016-0792-X
Abstract: Plant-feeding insects use visual and olfactory cues (shape, color, plant volatiles) for host location, but the relative importance of different cues and interactions with non-host-plant volatiles in ecosystems of varying plant bio ersity is unclear for most species. We studied invasive bark beetles and wood borers associated with pine trees to characterize interactions among color, host and non-host volatiles, by employing traps that mimic tree trunks. Cross-vane flight intercept traps (black, green, red, white, yellow, clear) and black funnel traps were used with and without attractants (α-pinene + ethanol), repellents (non-host green leaf volatiles, 'GLV'), and attractant/repellent combinations in four pine forests in New Zealand. We trapped 274,594 Hylurgus ligniperda, 7842 Hylastes ater, and 16,301 Arhopalus ferus. Trap color, attractant, and color × attractant effects were highly significant. Overall, black and red traps had the highest catches, irrespective of the presence of attractants. Alpha-pinene plus ethanol increased trap catch of H. ligniperda 200-fold but only 6-fold for H. ater and 2-fold for A. ferus. Green leaf volatiles had a substantial repellent effect on trap catch of H. ligniperda but less on H. ater and A. ferus. Attack by H. ligniperda was halved when logs were treated with GLV, and a similar effect was observed when logs were placed among broadleaved understory shrubs emitting GLV. Overall, H. ligniperda was most strongly affected by the olfactory cues used, whereas H. ater and A. ferus were more strongly affected by visual cues. Collectively, the results support the semiochemical ersity hypothesis, indicating that non-host plant volatiles from erse plant communities or artificial dispensers can contribute to resistance against herbivores by partly disrupting host location.
Remediation of Direct Black G in wastewater using kaolin-supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Bio-augmentation and nutrient amendment decrease concentration of mercury in contaminated soil.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.10.083
Abstract: Four mercury (Hg) contaminated soils with different pH (7.6, 8.5, 4.2 and 7.02) and total organic carbon contents (2.1, 2.2, 4 and 0.9%) were subjected to bioremediation utilizing a Hg volatilizing bacterial strain Sphingobium SA2 and nutrient amendment. In a field with ~280mg/kgHg, 60% of Hg was removed by bio-augmentation in 7days, and the removal was improved when nutrients were added. Whereas in artificially spiked soils, with ~100mg/kgHg, removal due to bio-augmentation was 33 to 48% in 14days. In the field contaminated soil, nutrient amendment alone without bio-augmentation removed 50% of Hg in 28days. Nutrient amendment also had an impact on Hg remediation in the spiked soils, but the best results were obtained when the strain and nutrients both were applied. The development of longer root lengths from lettuce and cucumber seeds grown in the remediated soils confirmed that the soil quality improved after bioremediation. This study clearly demonstrates the potential of Hg-reducing bacteria in remediation of Hg-contaminated soils. However, it is desirable to trap the volatilized Hg for enhanced bioremediation.
Nanoscale zero-valent iron as a catalyst for heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of amoxicillin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Assessment of chromium hyper-accumulative behaviour using biochemical analytical techniques of greenhouse cultivated Sonchus asper on tannery waste dump site soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-018-2740-5
Abstract: Keeping the sources of pollution such as chromium (Cr) under a safe limit is a daunting challenge due to the negative impact of heavy metal bioaccumulation in vegetation and the concomitant human health exposure. We took a closer look at Sonchus asper by cultivating in the green house. It resulted in 80% germination when cultivated over nine different soils collected from the tannery dump site. The biochemical analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry indicated significant bioaccumulation of Cr in the plant tissue. As per the ICP-MS analysis, this annual herb resulted in the accumulation of 601 mg kg
Long‐distance dispersal of non‐native pine bark beetles from host resources
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-12-2016
DOI: 10.1111/EEN.12371
A combination of bentonite-supported bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles and biodegradation for the remediation of p-chlorophenol in wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Simultaneous adsorption and degradation of Zn2+ and Cu2+ from wastewaters using nanoscale zero-valent iron impregnated with clays
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-012-1272-7
Abstract: Clays such as kaolin, bentonite and zeolite were evaluated as support material for nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) to simultaneously remove Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) from aqueous solution. Of the three supported nZVIs, bentonite-supported nZVI (B-nZVI) was most effective in the simultaneous removal of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) from a aqueous solution containing a 100 mg/l of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+), where 92.9 % Cu(2+) and 58.3 % Zn(2+) were removed. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) revealed that the aggregation of nZVI decreased as the proportion of bentonite increased due to the good dispersion of nZVI, while energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrated the deposition of copper and zinc on B-nZVI after B-nZVI reacted with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). A kinetics study indicated that removing Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) with B-nZVI accorded with the pseudo first-order model. These suggest that simultaneous adsorption of Cu(2+)and Zn(2+) on bentonite and the degradation of Cu(2+)and Zn(2+) by nZVI on the bentonite. However, Cu(2+) removal by B-nZVI was reduced rather than adsorption, while Zn(2+) removal was main adsorption. Finally, Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+) and total Cr from various wastewaters were removed by B-nZVI, and reusability of B-nZVI with different treatment was tested, which demonstrates that B-nZVI is a potential material for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters.
Comparison of plants with C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways for remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-20317-0
Abstract: The phytoremediation technique has been demonstrated to be a viable option for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated sites. This study evaluated the potential applicability of plants with C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways for the phytoremediation of recalcitrant high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs contaminated soil. A 60 and 120-day greenhouse study was conducted which showed higher degradation of HMW PAHs in soil grown with C4 plants when compared to C3 plants. Also, no PAHs were detected in the maize cobs, sunflower, wallaby, and Sudan grass seeds at the end of the experiment. The effect of plants in modifying the microbial community and dynamics in the rhizosphere was also examined by measuring soil biochemical properties such as dehydrogenase activity and water-soluble phenols. The results demonstrate a substantial difference in the microbial populations between planted and unplanted soils, which in turn facilitate the degradation of PAHs. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time evaluated the phytoremediation efficacy through the A. cepa cyto- and genotoxicity assay which should be considered as an integral part of all remediation experiments.
Diplosphaera sp. MM1 – A microalga with phycoremediation and biomethane potential
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.07.077
Abstract: This study evaluated the potential of a microalga Diplosphaera sp. MM1 for its ability to generate energy through biomass production from wastewater remediation. 33% dairy wastewater and 50% winery wastewater demonstrated as promising alternative media for cultivating Diplosphaera sp. MM1 biomass. Interestingly, the alga cultivated in 50% winery wastewater with limited nitrogen produced the highest lipid content (43.07% total solid) and the lowest carbohydrate content (9.35% TS). On the contrary, the lowest lipid content (16.98% TS) and the highest carbohydrate content (29.39% TS) were exhibited by the alga cultivated in 33% dairy wastewater. The results from anaerobic digestion processes in terms of biochemical methane potential of the alga cultivated in BG-11 medium, 33% dairy wastewater and 50% winery wastewater were 197.39, 129.75 and 218.51NmLg(-1)VS, respectively. Further, this study demonstrates the potential of winery wastewater as a candidate to increase the lipid content of algae and enhance biofuel production of algal biomass.
Identification and visualisation of microplastics/nanoplastics by Raman imaging (i): Down to 100 nm
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Examining the polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of twenty-one different wastes of fruits, vegetables, oilseeds and beverages
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-03-2020
Impact of Nitrate and Ammonium Concentrations on Co-Culturing of Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 with Variovorax paradoxus IS1 as Revealed by Phenotypic Responses
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-08-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00248-021-01832-6
Abstract: Mutual interactions in co-cultures of microalgae and bacteria are well known for establishing consortia and nutrient uptake in aquatic habitats, but the phenotypic changes in terms of morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes that drive these interactions have not been clearly understood. In this novel study, we demonstrated the phenotypic response in a co-culture involving a microalga, Tetradesmus obliquus IS2, and a bacterium, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, grown with varying concentrations of two inorganic nitrogen sources. Modified Bold's basal medium was supplemented with five ratios (%) of NO
Plant Pest Impact Metric System (PPIMS): Framework and guidelines for a common set of metrics to classify and prioritise plant pests
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Microbial formation of volatile arsenic in cattle dip site soils contaminated with arsenic and DDT
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2004
As(V) removal from aqueous solution using a low-cost adsorbent coir pith ash: Equilibrium and kinetic study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Mercury toxicity to terrestrial biota
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Collecting Microplastics in Gardens: Case Study (i) of Soil
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FENVS.2021.739775
Abstract: As an emerging contaminant, microplastic is receiving increasing attention. However, the contamination source is not fully known, and new sources are still being identified. Herewith, we report that microplastics can be found in our gardens, either due to the wrongdoing of leaving plastic bubble wraps to be mixed with mulches or due to the use of plastic landscape fabrics in the mulch bed. In the beginning, they were of large sizes, such as & 5 mm. However, after 7 years in the garden, owing to natural degradation, weathering, or abrasion, microplastics are released. We categorize the plastic fragments into different groups, 5 mm–0.75 mm, 0.75 mm–100 μm, and 100–0.8 μm, using filters such as kitchenware, meaning we can collect microplastics in our gardens by ourselves. We then characterized the plastics using Raman image mapping and a logic-based algorithm to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the image certainty. This is because the signal-to-noise ratio from a single Raman spectrum, or even from an in idual peak, is significantly less than that from a spectrum matrix of Raman mapping (such as 1 vs. 50 × 50) that contains 2,500 spectra, from the statistical point of view. From the 10 g soil we s led, we could detect the microplastics, including large (5 mm–100 μm) fragments and small (& μm) ones, suggesting the degradation fate of plastics in the gardens. Overall, these results warn us that we must be careful when we do gardening, including selection of plastic items for gardens.
Electrochemical Detection of Thioether-Based Fluorosurfactants in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-12-2017
P-nitrophenol toxicity to and its removal by three select soil isolates of microalgae: The role of antioxidants
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-07-2012
DOI: 10.1002/ETC.1931
Abstract: The nontarget effects, in terms of biochemical changes induced by p-nitrophenol (PNP) in three soil microalgae, Chlorella sp., Chlorococcum sp., and Heterochlamydomonas sp., and the PNP removal efficiency of these isolates, were determined. On exposure to 20 mg L(-1) PNP, Chlorella sp. showed greater activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase as well as high contents of proline and carotenoids. While Heterochlamydomonas sp. exhibited higher levels of catalase and protein, Chlorococcum sp. produced greater amounts of malondialdehyde, a measure of lipid peroxidation, in the presence of PNP. Chlorella sp. tolerated PNP by producing large quantities of antioxidants coupled with less lipid peroxidation, while Chlorococcum sp. was susceptible, as evidenced by low antioxidant production and high lipid peroxidation. During 7-d exposure, Chlorella sp., Heterochlamydomonas sp., and Chlorococcum sp. were able to remove 39, 18, and 4% of 20 mg L(-1) PNP, respectively. The present results indicate that proline, carotenoids and malondialdehyde are the potential biomarkers for assessing PNP toxicity toward microalgae, and their response could be considered for differentiating tolerant and susceptible strains. Moreover, there is a clear correlation between PNP removal and antioxidant synthesis in microalgae on exposure to the pollutant.
Toxicity assessment of fresh and weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil- a review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.08.094
Abstract: Soil contamination with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is widespread throughout the globe due to the massive production of TPH anthropogenically and its occurrence in the soil. TPH is toxic to beneficial soil organisms and humans and thus has become a serious concern among the public. Traditionally TPH toxicity in the soil is estimated based on chemical fractions and a range of bioassays including plants, invertebrates and microorganisms. There is a large inconsistency among ecotoxicology data using these assays due to the nature of TPH and their weathering. Therefore, in this article, we critically reviewed the weathered conditions of TPH, the potential fate in soil and the bioindicators for the assessment of the ecotoxicity. Based on the current research and the state-of-the-art problem, we also highlighted key recommendations for future research scope for the real-world solution of the ecotoxicological studies of hydrocarbons.
Ex-situ remediation technologies for environmental pollutants: A critical perspective
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20013-2_2
Abstract: Pollution and the global health impacts from toxic environmental pollutants are presently of great concern. At present, more than 100 million people are at risk from exposure to a plethora of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants. This review is an exploration of the ex-situ technologies for cleaning-up the contaminated soil, groundwater and air emissions, highlighting their principles, advantages, deficiencies and the knowledge gaps. Challenges and strategies for removing different types of contaminants, mainly heavy metals and priority organic pollutants, are also described.
In-situ remediation approaches for the management of contaminated sites: A comprehensive overview
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20013-2_1
Abstract: Though several in-situ treatment methods exist to remediate polluted sites, selecting an appropriate site-specific remediation technology is challenging and is critical for successful clean up of polluted sites. Hence, a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies to date is necessary to choose the right technology for an anticipated pollutant. This review has critically evaluated the (i) technological profile of existing in-situ remediation approaches for priority and emerging pollutants, (ii) recent innovative technologies for on-site pollutant remediation, and (iii) current challenges as well as future prospects for developing innovative approaches to enhance the efficacy of remediation at contaminated sites.
Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Comprehensive Review
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_29
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic contaminants that are widely distributed in nature, and many of them are potentially toxic to humans and other living organisms. Biodegradation is the major route of detoxification and removal of PAHs from the environment. Aerobic biodegradation of PAHs has been the subject of extensive research however, reports on anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs are so far limited. Microbial degradation of PAHs under anaerobic conditions is difficult because of the slow growth rate of anaerobes and low energy yield in the metabolic processes. Despite the limitations, some anaerobic bacteria degrade PAHs under nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing, iron-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Anaerobic biodegradation, though relatively slow, is a significant process of natural attenuation of PAHs from the impacted anoxic environments such as sediments, subsurface soils, and aquifers. This review is intended to provide comprehensive details on microbial degradation of PAHs under various reducing conditions, to describe the degradation mechanisms, and to identify the areas that should receive due attention in further investigations.
Acute Toxicity and Transgenerational Effects of Perfluorobutane Sulfonate on Caenorhabditis elegans
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ETC.5055
Abstract: Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), due to its increasing use as an alternative to perfluooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is widely detected in humans and the environment, necessitating the evaluation of its potential ecotoxicological risk. We assessed the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of PFBS in Caenorhabditis elegans, using lethality, locomotion, reproduction, life span, growth, and chemotactic behavior as the effect parameters. In addition, a total of 6 generations of exposed parent animals were monitored for locomotion, brood, and life span behaviors. Life span and brood size were significantly reduced in parent nematodes (P0) following exposure to ≥0.1 mM PFBS, but these negative effects did not transfer to the progeny. Although there was no remarkable effect on reproduction and life span in parent worms exposed to ≤0.01 mM PFBS, multigenerational exposure at 0.0005 mM significantly affected the F4 and F5 progeny. Furthermore, 0.01 to 2.0 mM of PFBS substantially retarded the locomotion behavior of P0 worms. At higher concentrations such as 1.0 mM, this negative effect on locomotion was transferred to the next generation (F1) but later recovered from F2 progeny onward. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that chronic exposure to PFBS at higher concentrations can cause behavioral toxicity and could be transferred to the progeny. These findings have significant implications for the environmental risk assessment of PFBS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021 :1971–1980. © 2021 SETAC.
Nutrient removal and biomass production: advances in microalgal biotechnology for wastewater treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1472066
Abstract: Owing to certain drawbacks, such as energy-intensive operations in conventional modes of wastewater treatment (WWT), there has been an extensive search for alternative strategies in treatment technology. Biological modes for treating wastewaters are one of the finest technologies in terms of economy and efficiency. An integrated biological approach with chemical flocculation is being conventionally practiced in several-sewage and effluent treatment plants around the world. Overwhelming responsiveness to treat wastewaters especially by using microalgae is due to their simplest photosynthetic mechanism and ease of acclimation to various habitats. Microalgal technology, also known as phycoremediation, has been in use for WWT since 1950s. Various strategies for the cultivation of microalgae in WWT systems are evolving faster. However, the availability of innovative approaches for maximizing the treatment efficiency, coupled with biomass productivity, remains the major bottleneck for commercialization of microalgal technology. Investment costs and invasive parameters also delimit the use of microalgae in WWT. This review critically discusses the merits and demerits of microalgal cultivation strategies recently developed for maximum pollutant removal as well as biomass productivity. Also, the potential of algal biofilm technology in pollutant removal, and harvesting the microalgal biomass using different techniques have been highlighted. Finally, an economic assessment of the currently available methods has been made to validate microalgal cultivation in wastewater at the commercial level.
Kaolinite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution: Reactivity, characterization and mechanism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2011.04.010
Abstract: The use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) to remediate contaminated groundwater is limited due to its lack of durability and mechanical strength. To address this issue, 20% (w/w) nZVI was loaded onto kaolinite as a support material (K-nZVI). More than 96% of Pb(2+) was removed from aqueous solution using K-nZVI at an initial condition of 500 mg/L Pb(2+) within 30 min under the conditions of 10 g/L of K-nZVI, pH 5.10 and a temperature of 30 °C. To understand the mechanism of removal of Pb(2+), various techniques were implemented to characterize K-nZVI. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that K-nZVI had a suitable dispersive state with a lower aggregation, where the mean specific surface area and average particle size as determined by the BET-N(2) method and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were 26.11 m(2)/g and 44.3 nm, respectively. The results obtained from XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) indicated that a small number of iron oxides formed on the surface of K-nZVI, suggesting that free Pb(2+) was adsorbed onto K-nZVI and subsequently reduced to Pb(0).
Commanding men, governing masculinities: Military institutional abuse and organizational reform in the Australian armed forces
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/GWAO.12986
Abstract: Since its inception, the Australian armed forces, like all five eye military nations, have been challenged by the phenomenon of violence within the institution. Militaries are institutions of and for violence. The imperative of violence cultivates all service personnel through their initial training and then ongoing roles. This article assesses 4 decades of significant Australian military inquiries around the question of internal institutional violence, including bullying, sexual assault, sexual harassment, hazing, and bastardization. We define this as “military institutional abuse,” which represents a new term for describing this phenomenon that allows for a deeper understanding of institutional gendered and martial culture. The aim is to provide the first overview of military institutional abuse within the Australian military. We argue that military institutional abuse is not an anomaly but endemic to the military institution. In the last decade, there has been a significant activity around gender reforms, changing the alcohol culture and the tribal forms of masculinity associated with it. The question of how the military has responded to this phenomenon illuminates better avenues of cultural reform and responds to the problematic question, “to what extent can this authoritarian institution liberalize”?
Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils: Technological constraints, emerging trends and future directions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2016.10.115
Abstract: For more than a decade, the primary focus of environmental experts has been to adopt risk-based management approaches to cleanup PAH polluted sites that pose potentially destructive ecological consequences. This focus had led to the development of several physical, chemical, thermal and biological technologies that are widely implementable. Established remedial options available for treating PAH contaminated soils are incineration, thermal conduction, solvent extraction/soil washing, chemical oxidation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation, composting/biopiles and bioreactors. Integrating physico-chemical and biological technologies is also widely practiced for better cleanup of PAH contaminated soils. Electrokinetic remediation, vermiremediation and biocatalyst assisted remediation are still at the development stage. Though several treatment methods to remediate PAH polluted soils currently exist, a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies to date is necessary so that the right technology for field-level success is chosen. The objective of this review is to provide a critical overview in this respect, focusing only on the treatment options available for field soils and ignoring the spiked ones. The authors also propose the development of novel multifunctional green and sustainable systems like mixed cell culture system, biosurfactant flushing, transgenic approaches and nanoremediation in order to overcome the existing soil- contaminant- and microbial-associated technological limitations in tackling high molecular weight PAHs. The ultimate objective is to ensure the successful remediation of long-term PAH contaminated soils.
Speciation of Zn-aminopolycarboxylic complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-01-2009
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.3897
Abstract: The speciation of Zn-aminopolycarboxylic complexes was investigated using both electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The resulting ESI mass spectra indicated that [Zn(HEDTA)](1-), [Zn(NTA)](1-), [Zn(EDTA)](2-) and [Zn(DTPA)](3-) were all simultaneously detected in solution [Zn(NTA)](1-) exhibited the weakest intensity of all these Zn-aminopolycarboxylic complexes. IC/ICP-MS was also successfully used to separate Zn complexes by anion-exchange chromatography using a mobile phase containing 30 mM (NH(4))(2)HPO(4) at pH 7.5 giving reasonable resolution within 15 min. A weak peak attributable to the poor stability [Zn(NTA)](1-) ion was also observed using IC/ICP-MS. With the exception of [Zn(NTA)](1-), detection limits ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 microg/L were obtained and the proposed method was used for the determination of Zn aminopolycarboxylic complexes in soil solution.
Organic farming: Does it contribute to contaminant-free produce and ensure food safety?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Effect of seaweeds on degradation of DDT in soils topical collection on remediation of site contamination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2013
Predicting plant uptake of cadmium: validated with long-term contaminated soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10646-016-1712-0
Abstract: Cadmium accumulates in plant tissues at low soil loadings and is a concern for human health. Yet at higher levels it is also of concern for ecological receptors. We determined Cd partitioning constants for 41 soils to examine the role of soil properties controlling Cd partitioning and plant uptake. From a series of sorption and dose response studies, transfer functions were developed for predicting Cd uptake in Cucumis sativa L. (cucumber). The parameter log K
Influence of glucose amendment on the toxicity of two nitrophenols to Chlorella vulgaris
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1988
DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(88)90086-3
Abstract: Glucose amendment (0.5%) to the culture medium of Chlorella vulgaris reversed the algal toxicity caused by p-nitrophenol (PNP) and m-nitrophenol (MNP), only at their algistatic levels. Algistatic and algicidal concentrations of PNP and MNP, in the absence of glucose, led to the liberation of more nitrite in the culture medium. However, addition of glucose inhibited nitrite formation.
Simultaneous removal of Pb(II) and Cr(III) by magnetite nanoparticles using various synthesis conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Isolation of purple nonsulfur bacteria for the removal of heavy metals and sodium from contaminated shrimp ponds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-06-2010
Molecular characterization of chromium (VI) reducing potential in Gram positive bacteria isolated from contaminated sites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Synthesis and characterisation of novel organopalygorskites for removal of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution: Isothermal studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2010.06.030
Abstract: Organopalygorskites were synthesised by using dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DMDOA) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CP) with surfactant loadings equivalent to 100% and 200% CEC of the palygorskite. The four organopalygorskites, thus produced, were characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential measurement. FTIR and TGA data demonstrated that higher surfactant loadings as well as long branched chain DMDOA produced highly ordered surfactant conformation. SEM morphological results showed that the organopalygorskites had less entangled fibres than the unmodified palygorskite. The zeta potential values showed positive charge formation on the organopalygorskites surface when they were synthesised with surfactant loadings equivalent to 200% CEC of the palygorskite. The organopalygorskites were tested for adsorption of p-nitrophenol (PNP) with a special focus on the adsorption isotherms. The adsorption data could be fitted with multiple isothermal models indicating that the adsorption was controlled by multiple mechanisms. Sorbent loading rate, initial pH, temperature and ionic strength might all affect the adsorption process. Also, DMDOA modified organopalygorskites reduced desorption/redispersal of adsorbed PNP back into the environment to a great extent. This study will be helpful in designing palygorskite-based organoclay adsorbents for remediating organic environmental contaminants which are ionic in nature.
Characterization of iron–polyphenol complex nanoparticles synthesized by Sage (Salvia officinalis) leaves
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Investigations on pyrolysis of microalgae Diplosphaera sp. MM1 by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS: Products and kinetics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.122126
Abstract: In this work, pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of microalgae Diplosphaera sp. MM1 cultivated in different mediums were investigated by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Harvested MM1s biomass varied with the changing in proximate and ultimate analyses presented different weight loss behaviors. The weight loss of MM1s cultivated in dairy and winery wastewater in main pyrolysis region was ~48.4 wt% and ~52.9 wt%, respectively, and both showed secondary weight loss after 570 °C. However, MM1 harvested from BG-11 medium exhibited maximum weight loss of ~63.5 wt% and no secondary weight loss. Further, the activation energies of MM1s harvested from dairy and winery wastewater (176.3 kJ/mol and 130.4 kJ/mol, respectively) were lower than that of BG-11medium (189.4 kJ/mol). The best mechanism function for MM1s pyrolysis was third-order f(α) = (1-α)
Identification of a new operon involved in desulfurization of dibenzothiophenes using a metagenomic study and cloning and functional analysis of the genes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENZMICTEC.2016.02.009
Abstract: The presence of sulphur-substituted hydrocarbons in fossil fuels are one of main reasons for the release of sulfur oxides into the environment. Dibenzothiophenes (DBT) are organic sulfur-containing molecules in crude oil, which have the potential for biological oxidation, with the sulphur being removed through an enzymatic cleavage of the CS bonds. Therefore, finding new strains that can desulfurize this compound has recently become a point of interest. In this study, three new genes involved in the bacterial desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene, which were sequenced in the course of a metagenomic study, were isolated by PCR lification in the laboratory. The activities of these genes were then analysed following insertion into an expression vector and cloning in Escherichia coli DH5α cells. Based on the results, all three genes were actively expressed and their products could act on their corresponding substrates.
Kinetics and catalytic efficiency of soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolase under the pesticide parathion stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Effect of Compost and Vermicompost Amendments on Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Lady’s Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Grown under Different Salinity Gradients
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU151511590
Abstract: In the coming decades, the pressure to use saline water will increase as most of the natural resources with good water quality are being depleted. In order to avoid more stress on the soil plant system, a better understanding of the type of amendments and their integration with the irrigational water quality of any location-specific region is essential. Utilizing salt-affected lands in the best way possible will facilitate food security for the growing human population. An experiment was conducted with the Abelmoschus esculentus L. plant, irrigated with saline water having different NaCl gradients (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), to evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses under different salinity gradients. Additionally, the effect of compost and vermicompost amendments in soil on plant responses to the changing salinity of irrigated water was observed. The results suggested that the addition of compost and vermicompost in soil not only suppressed the adverse impact of salinity in plants but also increased soil nutrients (TKN, OC, avail. P, avail. K and avail. Ca contents). Moreover, some biochemical parameters and plant growth parameters showed better traits in such manure-amended setups. The enhancement of proline, phenol, ascorbic acid and lipid peroxidation contents in the leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus L. under high salinity levels suggests some secondary metabolite-mediated response possibly due to stress caused by soil salt accumulations. In summary, crop production could be efficiently maintained in saline water-irrigated areas after amending the soils with appropriate organic manure.
Distribution of Mercury in Shrimp Ponds and Volatilization of Hg by Isolated Resistant Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2015
Predicting plant uptake and toxicity of lead (Pb) in long-term contaminated soils from derived transfer functions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-016-6696-Z
Abstract: Regulatory assessment of lead (Pb) in contaminated soils is still expressed primarily as total Pb concentrations in soil. In this study, we estimated effective concentrations (ECx) of Pb to Cucumis sativa L. (cucumber) focusing primarily on pore-water Pb data from 10 different soils after 12 weeks ageing. Phytotoxicity expressed in terms of Pb(2+) was observed to occur in the nanomolar range in neutral to alkaline soils (EC50 values 90 to 853 nM) and micromolar levels for acidic soils (EC50 values 7.35 to 9.66 μM). Internal Pb concentrations relating to toxicity (PT50) in roots and shoots also decreased with increasing pore-water pH (R (2) = 0.52 to 0.53). From a series of dose-response studies, we developed transfer functions predicting Pb uptake in C. sativa and we validated these functions with long-term Pb contaminated soils. The significant independent parameters were pore-water Pb(2+) and dissolved Pb plus dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The observed RMSE for the Pb-DOC model and Pb(2+) were 2.6 and 8.8, respectively. The Pb-DOC model tended to under-predict Pb, whilst Pb(2+) tended to over-predict accumulation despite reasonable RMSE values. Further validation is needed in soils with higher pore-water Pb solubility.
The use of molecular techniques to characterize the microbial communities in contaminated soil and water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2007.09.001
Abstract: Traditionally, the identification and characterization of microbial communities in contaminated soil and water has previously been limited to those microorganisms that are culturable. The application of molecular techniques to study microbial populations at contaminated sites without the need for culturing has led to the discovery of unique and previously unrecognized microorganisms as well as complex microbial ersity in contaminated soil and water which shows an exciting opportunity for bioremediation strategies. Nucleic acid extraction from contaminated sites and their subsequent lification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved extremely useful in assessing the changes in microbial community structure by several microbial community profiling techniques. This review examines the current application of molecular techniques for the characterization of microbial communities in contaminated soil and water. Techniques that identify and quantify microbial population and catabolic genes involved in biodegradation are examined. In addition, methods that directly link microbial phylogeny to its ecological function at contaminated sites as well as high throughput methods for complex microbial community studies are discussed.
Concomitant rock phosphate dissolution and lead immobilization by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter sp.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2010.11.031
Abstract: This paper examines the potential value of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae) in the dissolution of rock phosphate (RP) and subsequent immobilization of lead (Pb) in both bacterial growth medium and soils. Enterobacter sp. showed resistance to Pb and the bacterium solubilized 17.5% of RP in the growth medium. Enterobacter sp. did not enhance Pb immobilization in solution because of acidification of bacterial medium, thereby inhibiting the formation of P-induced Pb precipitation. However, in the case of soil, Enterobacter sp. increased Pb immobilization by 6.98, 25.6 and 32.0% with the RP level of 200, 800 and 1600 mg P/kg, respectively. The immobilization of Pb in Pb-spiked soils was attributed to pyromorphite formation as indicated by XRD analysis. Inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with RP in soil can be used as an alternative technique to soluble P compounds which can cause eutrophication of surface water.
Effect of Pyroligneous Acid on the Microbial Community Composition and Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in Soils
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SOILSYSTEMS6010010
Abstract: Pyroligneous acid (PA) is often used in agriculture as a plant growth and yield enhancer. However, the influence of PA application on soil microorganisms is not often studied. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of PA (0.01–5% w/w in soil) on the microbial ersity in two different soils. At the end of eight weeks of incubation, soil microbial community dynamics were determined by Illumina-MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene licons. The microbial composition differed between the lower (0.01% and 0.1%) and the higher (1% and 5%) concentration in both PA spiked soils. The lower concentration of PA resulted in higher microbial ersity and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) compared to the un-spiked control and the soil spiked with high PA concentrations. Interestingly, PA-induced plant growth-promoting bacterial (PGPB) genera include Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Herbaspiriluum, Acetobacter, Beijerinckia, and Nitrosomonas at lower concentrations. Additionally, the PICRUSt functional analysis revealed the predominance of metabolism as the functional module’s primary component in both soils spiked with 0.01% and 0.1% PA. Overall, the results elucidated that PA application in soil at lower concentrations promoted soil DHA and microbial enrichment, particularly the PGPB genera, and thus have great implications for improving soil health.
Phytotoxicity of Class B aqueous firefighting formulations, Tridol S 3 and 6% to Lemna minor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Copper phytotoxicity in native and agronomical plant species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2012.08.018
Abstract: Copper (Cu) is a widespread soil contaminant that is known to be highly toxic to soil biota. Limited information is available on the response of wild endemic species to Cu in the literature, which hinders ecological risk assessments and revegetation. In the present study, the phytotoxicity of Cu in nutrient solution was studied in five Australian endemic plant species (Acacia decurrens, Austrodanthonia richardsonii (Wallaby Grass), Bothriochloa macra (Redgrass), Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. camaldulensis (River Red-Gum) and Dichanthium sericeum (Bluegrass) and two vegetable plants species (Lactuca sativa L. 'Great lakes' and Raphanus sativa L.). Vegetable species were grown in a more concentrated nutrient solution. The response of B. macra was also compared between the two nutrient solutions (dilute and concentrated nutrient solution). In the first experiment, D. sericeum and E. camaldulensis were found to be highly sensitive to Cu exposure in nutrient culture. Critical exogenous Cu concentrations (50 percent reduction in roots) for E. camaldulensis, D. sericeum, A. richardsonii, B. macra (dilute), L. sativa, B. macra (concentrated), R. sativa and A. decurrens were, respectively, (μg/L) 16, 35, 83, 88, 97, 105, 128 and 186. Copper tolerance in B. macra was observed to be higher in the more concentrated nutrient solution despite the estimated Cu(2+) concentration being very similar in treatment solutions. Additional short-term rhizo-accumulation studies showed that neither Ca(2+) not K(+) was responsible for reduced uptake at the roots. However, the estimated maximum shoot Cu was reduced from 41 to 24mg/kg in the more concentrated solution.
Sustainable Iron Recovery and Biodiesel Yield by Acid-Adapted Microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, Grown in Synthetic Acid Mine Drainage
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-03-2020
Improving the Efficiency of Lepidopteran Pest Detection and Surveillance: Constraints and Opportunities for Multiple-Species Trapping
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10886-012-0223-6
Abstract: Surveillance using attractants for invasive species can allow early detection of new incursions and provide decision support to response programs. Simultaneous trapping for multiple species, by baiting traps with several lures, is expected to increase the number of species that can be targeted in surveillance programs and improve the cost-effectiveness without affecting surveillance coverage. We tested this hypothesis by choosing four potential forest and urban lepidopteran pest species that are present in Europe but not yet in New Zealand and many other countries. We deployed traps in central and southern Europe with single lures or all possible species combinations (up to four lures per trap). There was only limited interference, apparently due to trap saturation, but no evidence for interspecific repellency among lures for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityoc a, and pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana. To assess what factors may be important in species compatibility/suitability for multiple-species trapping, we combined our results with those of previous studies conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture. For 75 combinations of pheromones, tested singly or in combination, 19 % showed no effect on trap catch for any of the species tested. In the other cases, either one or both species showed a reduction in trap catch. However, few lure combinations caused complete or nearly complete suppression. For most combinations, catches were still sufficiently high for detection purposes. Species from the same superfamily exhibited more interference than more distantly related species. Together, these results suggest that there are opportunities to improve the range of exotic pests under surveillance, at little additional cost, by multiple-species trapping for which compatibility has been demonstrated.
Simultaneous removal of co-contaminants: acid brilliant violet and Cu2+ by functional bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2014
Arsenic mobility and toxicity on soil acid phosphatase activity increased with added phosphorus in contaminated mine soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-02-2023
DOI: 10.1002/SAJ2.20492
Abstract: Soil phosphatase activity is identified as sensitive to arsenic (As) pollution and therefore, often used as an indicator to estimate As toxicity in soil. Nevertheless, the effect of As on soil phosphatase activity after its desorption by P is not adequately studied. This study employed sequential extraction procedure and ecological dose parameters to show As mobility and its toxicity to acid phosphatase (AcP). Results indicated that P application significantly increased As desorption ratio in the As ageing process. In S1 (As 2895 mg kg −1 ) soil, after P addition, the water‐soluble (F WS ) fraction had the highest proportion of As, while for S2 (As 645 mg kg −1 ) and S3 (As 39 mg kg −1 ) it was residual (F RES ) fraction. Additionally, P addition increased the As bioavailability in all soils. Generally, P addition significantly reduced soil AcP activity under all P concentrations and increased in the soil with minimum As content. The variation partitioning analysis indicated that for S1, P concentration was the major factor, for S2 and S3 soils, it was As desorption and ageing time, respectively, that influenced the AcP activity in soils. The calculated ecological dose (ED 50 ) showed that in most cases, As toxicity increased at the end of ageing. Thus, it is essential to control the phosphorus fertilizer applications in silty soils with acid and neutral pH, since it can lead to increased As mobility and toxicity to soil AcP.
Clinical significance of questionnaire-elicited or clinically reported anorectal symptoms for rectal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis amongst men who have sex with men
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/SH07068
Abstract: Background: Although Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) are common infections in men who have sex with men, it is unclear from previous studies whether anorectal symptoms are reliable clinical indicators of infection. Aim: The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical significance of questionnaire-elicited or clinically reported anal symptoms for rectal Ng and Ct. Methods: During 2002 to 2003, men who have sex with men (MSM) screened or tested for Ng or Ct according to the national guidelines were invited to participate in a questionnaire. Results: During the study period, 366 MSM were enrolled into the study (88% recruitment rate), of whom 20 (5%) and 25 (7%) were diagnosed with rectal Ng or Ct, respectively. Overall, ‘any’ anorectal symptoms on a questionnaire were reported equally by those with and without rectal Ng (75 v. 74%, P = 0.69), but heavy anal discharge (P 0.01) and anal pain (P = 0.04) were more common in those with rectal Ng. Symptoms on the questionnaire were not different among those with and without Ct. Any anal symptoms were reported substantially more often via questionnaire than in a clinical consultation (75 v. 16%, P 0.01) and symptoms reported in a clinical consultation were not associated with Ng or Ct detection. Conclusion: The weak or absent association between symptoms and the presence of Ct or Ng highlights the importance of annual sexually transmitted infection screening in MSM regardless of symptoms.
Removal of heavy metals by exopolymeric substances produced by resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria isolated from contaminated shrimp ponds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-07-2011
Pesticides in the urban environment: A potential threat that knocks at the door
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.134612
Abstract: Pesticides play a pivotal role in controlling pests and disease infestations not only in urban agriculture but also in non-agricultural settings. Several pesticides like herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc. are applied unintentionally at higher concentrations even in small urban areas such as lawns, gardens and impermeable surfaces. Consequent to their indiscriminate use, both extensively and intensively, in the urban areas, contamination of pesticides poses a serious threat to the environment, living organisms and food safety. Although the fate and ecological effects of pesticides and their residues have been thoroughly understood in agricultural soils, information available in the literature on the impact of these contaminants in the urban environment is very limited and fragmentary. In fact, the fate and behaviour of pesticide residues in the urban environment are distinct from those in other ecosystems since the soils in urban areas greatly vary in their physico-chemical properties. Development of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches for remediation of even urban soils contaminated with pesticides is therefore greatly warranted. Thus, the present critical review is the first single source that provides updated knowledge on the sources, nature and extent of pesticide pollution in the urban environment, and the ecological and human health effects of pesticides and their residues. The potential of nano-encapsulation of pesticides for their application in urban settings has also been discussed.
Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V as the functional biomaterial used to remove crystal violet and Cu(II)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2014.03.028
Abstract: Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V (B.V. C09V) was used to remove both crystal violet (CV) and Cu(II) because dye effluents often contain dyes and metal ions. Inhibiting the strain׳s growth through the biosorption of Cu(II) on B.V. C09V and promoting its growth by using CV as a carbon source led to the degradation of CV (30mg/L). It fell to 36.9 percent and the amount of Cu(II) (50mg/L) removed rose to 34.9 percent in the presence of both CV and Cu(II). This outcome is comparable to the single presence of CV and Cu(II). EDS analysis showed that Cu(II) was adsorbed onto the strain (the atomic percentage of Cu(II) was 1.9 percent), while kinetic studies indicated that firstly, the decolorization of CV fitted well to the pseudo first-order degradation kinetic model and secondly, the biosorption of Cu(II) fitted well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The degradation rate constants of CV were stable in the 0.101-0.0068/h range and R(2) was both higher than 0.981 when Cu(II) concentrations were present. Furthermore, the biosorption capacity of Cu(II) ranged from 38.8 to 20.3mg/g at the CV concentration of 30mg/L (both R(2)>0.96). This suggests that the strain has the potential to degrade CV and facilitate the biosorption of Cu(II) in dye effluent.
Distribution of soil nutrients and enzyme activities in different aggregates under two sieving methods
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1002/SAJ2.20011
Microplastics generated when opening plastic packaging
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-03-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-61146-4
Abstract: Millions of tonnes of plastics have been released into the environment. Although the risk of plastics to humans is not yet resolved, microplastics, in the range of 1 μm - 5 mm, have entered our bodies, originating either from ingestion via the food chain or from inhalation of air. Generally there are two sources of microplastics, either directly from industry, such as cosmetic exfoliants, or indirectly from physical, chemical and biological fragmentation of large ( mm) plastic residues. We have found that microplastics can be generated by simple tasks in our daily lives such as by scissoring with scissors, tearing with hands, cutting with knives or twisting manually, to open plastics containers/bags/tapes/caps. These processes can generate about 0.46–250 microplastic/cm. This amount is dependent on the conditions such as stiffness, thickness, anisotropy, the density of plastic materials and the size of microplastics.This finding sends an important warning, that we must be careful when opening plastic packaging, if we are concerned about microplastics and care about reducing microplastics contamination.
Bioremediation of mercury: not properly exploited in contaminated soils!
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-016-8079-2
Abstract: Contamination of land and water caused by heavy metal mercury (Hg) poses a serious threat to biota worldwide. The seriousness of toxicity of this neurotoxin is characterized by its ability to augment in food chains and bind to thiol groups in living tissue. Therefore, different remediation approaches have been implemented to rehabilitate Hg-contaminated sites. Bioremediation is considered as cheaper and greener technology than the conventional physico-chemical means. Large-scale use of Hg-volatilizing bacteria are used to clean up Hg-contaminated waters, but there is no such approach to remediate Hg-contaminated soils. This review focuses on recent uses of Hg-resistant bacteria in bioremediation of mercury-contaminated sites, limitation and advantages of this approach, and identifies the gaps in existing research.
Pathways of reductive degradation of crystal violet in wastewater using free-strain Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-014-3037-Y
Abstract: A new strain isolated from activated sludge and identified as Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V was used to biodegrade crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution. To understand the degradation pathways of CV, batch experiments showed that the degradation using B. vietnamiensis C09V significantly depended on conditions such as pH, initial dye concentration and media components, carbon and nitrogen sources. Acceleration in the biodegradation of CV was observed in presence of metal ions such as Cd and Mn. More than 98.86C of CV (30 mg l(-1)) was degraded within 42 h at pH 5 and 30 °C. The biodegradation kinetics of CV corresponded to the pseudo first-order rate model with a rate constant of 0.046 h(-1). UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify degradation metabolites. Which further confirmed by LC-MS analysis, indicating that CV was biodegraded to N,N-dimethylaminophenol and Michler's ketone prior to these intermediates being further degraded. Finally, the ability of B. vietnamiensis C09V to remove CV in wastewater was demonstrated.
Microalgae–microplastics interactions at environmentally relevant concentrations: Implications toward ecology, bioeconomy, and UN SDGs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
An Overview of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Bioavailability of cadmium-organic complexes to soil alga - An exception to the free ion model
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-05-2004
DOI: 10.1021/JF035501T
Abstract: It is generally considered that cadmium bioavailability shows a considerable dependence on chemical speciation of Cd in solution, correlates best with the activity of free metal ion (Cd2+) in solution, and is largely indifferent to soluble metal complexes. The role of soluble organic matter (DOM) and soluble metal-organic complexes in metal bioavailability and toxicity, however, is not clear. Growth studies with a soil alga (Chlorococcum sp.) were conducted on a growth medium and pore water of Cookes Plain soil (Paleuxeralf), spiked with Cd as Cd(NO3)2. Speciation of the Cd in pore water, and in growth medium with and without citrate, was performed using the MINTEQA2 computer model incorporating updated values of the stability constants of Cd-DOM complexes, as well as using anode stripping voltammetry. Analysis of the toxicity data showed that Cd-citrate, as well as the Cd-DOM complexes, is bioavailable and contributes toward the toxicity to alga. These data contradict the long-held notion that Cd-DOM complexes are not bioavailable to soil biota although they may increase the mobility of Cd.
Methodologies for Analysis and Identification of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Global compositional variation among native and non-native regional insect assemblages emphasizes the importance of pathways
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2016
Illicit drugs and the environment - A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.05.086
Abstract: Illicit drugs and their metabolites are the latest group of emerging pollutants. Determination of their concentration in environment (such as water bodies, soil, sediment, air) is an indirect tool to estimate the community level consumption of illicit drug and to evaluate potential ecotoxicological impacts from chronic low level exposure. They enter the wastewater network as unaltered drugs and/or their active metabolites by human excretion after illegal consumption or by accidental or deliberate disposal from clandestine drug laboratories. This article critically reviews the occurrence and concentration levels of illicit drugs and their metabolites in different environmental compartments (e.g., wastewater, surface waters, groundwater, drinking water, and ambient air) and their potential impact on the ecosystem. There is limited published information available on the presence of illicit drugs in the environment, reports are available mainly from European countries, UK, USA, and Canada but there is a lack of information from the remainder of the world. Although the environmental concentrations are not very high, they can potentially impact the human health and ecosystem functioning. Cocaine, morphine, hetamine, and MDMA have potent pharmacological activities and their presence as complex mixtures in water may cause adverse effect on aquatic organisms and human health. However, there is no current regulation demanding the determination of occurrence of these emerging pollutants in treated wastewater, surface water, drinking water, or atmosphere. Thus, critical investigation on distribution pattern of this new group of emerging contaminant and their potential harmful impact on our environment needs immediate attention.
Fate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Environment
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Bioavailability of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Influence of cypermethrin and fenvalerate on a green alga and three cyanobacteria isolated from soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1987
DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(87)90056-X
Abstract: The effects of two pyrethroid insecticides, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, on a green alga (Scenedesmus bijugatus) and three species of cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus, Nostoc linckia, and Phormidium tenue), all isolated from a black cotton soil, were studied using either cell number or chlorophyll a as toxicity criterion. All the four species were either unaffected or stimulated at 5 micrograms ml-1. Of the two insecticides, cypermethrin, at 10 to 50 micrograms ml-1, inhibited S. bijugatus while these concentrations stimulated or only slightly inhibited the growth of S. elongatus. There was a significant inhibition in the growth of S. bijugatus and stimulation in S. elongatus with 10 to 50 micrograms ml-1 fenvalerate. The growth of N. linckia was enhanced by both insecticides while P. tenue was significantly affected.
A multilevel analysis on the relationship between neighbourhood poverty and public hospital utilization: Is the high Indigenous morbidity avoidable?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2011
Use of mixed wastewaters from piggery and winery for nutrient removal and lipid production by Chlorella sp. MM3
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.02.025
Abstract: The larger-scale generation of piggery and winery wastewaters and consequent eutrophication are quite alarming, necessitating the use of a cost-effective treatment. This study attempted to remediate wastewaters from piggery and winery mixed in the ratios of 20:80, 50:50, 80:20, 100:0 and 0:100, in terms of nutrient removal and subsequent lipid accumulation by soil microalga, Chlorella sp. MM3. The per cent removal of total nitrogen and phosphates by the alga from mixed wastewaters within 10-days ranged between 51 and 89 and 26-49, respectively. As determined by FTIR spectroscopy, the lipid accumulation in the microalgal cells grown in wastewater mixtures ranged between 29 and 51%. Our results suggest that Chlorella sp. MM3 could be a potential candidate for bioremediation of wastewaters derived from piggery farm and winery industry, and that mixing of these wastewaters in 20:80 ratio would be an efficient approach for phycoremediation of mineral-rich effluents and subsequent yield of fairly good amounts of biofuel.
Microalgae–bacteria biofilms: a sustainable synergistic approach in remediation of acid mine drainage
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-12-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-017-8693-7
Abstract: Microalgae and bacteria offer a huge potential in delving interest to study and explore various mechanisms under extreme environments. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one such environment which is extremely acidic containing copious amounts of heavy metals and poses a major threat to the ecosystem. Despite its extreme conditions, AMD is the habitat for several microbes and their activities. The use of various chemicals in prevention of AMD formation and conventional treatment in a larger scale is not feasible under different geological conditions. It implies that microbe-mediated approach is a viable and sustainable alternative technology for AMD remediation. Microalgae in biofilms play a pivotal role in such bioremediation as they maintain mutualism with heterotrophic bacteria. Synergistic approach of using microalgae-bacteria biofilms provides supportive metabolites from algal biomass for growth of bacteria and mediates remediation of AMD. However, by virtue of their physiology and capabilities of metal removal, non-acidophilic microalgae can be acclimated for use in AMD remediation. A combination of selective acidophilic and non-acidophilic microalgae together with bacteria, all in the form of biofilms, may be very effective for bioremediation of metal-contaminated waters. The present review critically examines the nature of mutualistic interactions established between microalgae and bacteria in biofilms and their role in removal of metals from AMDs, and consequent biomass production for the yield of biofuel. Integration of microalgal-bacterial consortia in fuel cells would be an attractive emerging approach of microbial biotechnology for AMD remediation.
Case Studies on Remediation of Sites Contaminated with Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Adsorption and desorption characteristics of methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and pseudoephedrine in soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-014-2940-6
Abstract: This work presents, for the first time, information on the adsorption-desorption characteristics of illicit drugs and precursors in soils and an estimation of their potential bioavailability. The experiment was conducted using a batch equilibrium technique for the parent drugs meth hetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymeth hetamine (MDMA) and the precursor pseudoephedrine in three South Australian soils varying in physiochemical properties. The in idual compounds exhibited different adsorption mechanisms in the test soils, and the results fitted better with the Freundlich isotherm model (r (2) ≥ 0.99). The maximum adsorption capacity was recorded for pseudoephedrine (2,000 μg g(-1)). However, pseudoephedrine recorded lower organic carbon normalized adsorption coefficient values (<250 mL g(-1)), lower magnitudes of Gibb's free energy change, and higher percent desorption (73-92 %) compared to meth hetamine and MDMA. The results thus showed pseudoephedrine to be the most mobile compound in the soils under study, to have the highest availability for degradation of the three compounds, and to have the highest susceptibility to biotic degradation in test soils.
Evaluation of Cyto‐genotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) to Allium cepa
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-12-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ETC.4905
Abstract: Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as contaminants of global concern. Among several PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds. We investigated the cyto‐genotoxic potential of PFOS to Allium cepa root meristem cells. The A. cepa root tips were exposed to 6 different concentrations (1–100 mg L −1 ) of PFOS for 48 h. Reduction in mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations was measured as genotoxic endpoints in meristematic root cells. Exposure to PFOS significantly affected cell ision by reducing the miotic index at higher concentrations ( mg L −1 ). The median effect concentration of PFOS to elicit cytotoxicity based on the mitotic index was 43.2 mg L −1 . Exposure to PFOS significantly increased chromosomal aberrations at concentrations mg L −1 . The common aberrations were micronuclei, vagrant cells, and multipolar anaphase. The alkaline comet assay revealed a genotoxic potential of PFOS with increased tail DNA percentage at concentrations mg L −1 . To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the cyto‐genotoxic potential of PFOS in higher plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021 :792–798. © 2020 SETAC
Functional kaolinite supported Fe/Ni nanoparticles for simultaneous catalytic remediation of mixed contaminants (lead and nitrate) from wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2014.04.059
Abstract: Kaolinite supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles (K-Fe/Ni) demonstrated capacity for simultaneous removal of both cationic and anionic contaminants such as Pb (II) and NO3(-). The dispersion of Fe/Ni nanoparticles was improved when kaolinite was used as a stabilizer, and also enhanced the reactivity of K-Fe/Ni. The adsorption of Pb (II) onto the kaolinite and the consequent simultaneous catalytic reduction of Pb (II) and NO3(-) kaolinite were confirmed by SEM, BET, EDS, XRD and batch adsorption-reduction test. Orthogonal method showed that initial concentrations of Pb (II) and NO3(-), as well the dosage of K-Fe/Ni showed the most significant impact on the removal rates, where 86.3% of Pb (II) and 73.6% of NO3(-) was removed at optimized conditions. In addition, K-Fe/Ni could be stored for 15 days in dry air without losing reactivity. Reusability test of K-Fe/Ni indicated that the removal efficiency decreased by 12.5% for Pb (II) and 27.2% for NO3(-) after using 3 times successively. Two electroplating wastewater s les were tested and showed K-Fe/Ni could remove more than 96% of Pb (II) and NO3(-) under the optimized conditions.
From Xenobiotic to Antibiotic, Formation of Protoanemonin from 4-Chlorocatechol by Enzymes of the 3-Oxoadipate Pathway
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1995
Ecological Impacts of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Purification and characterization of a novel fenamiphos hydrolysing enzyme from Microbacterium esteraromaticum MM1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Impact of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Human Health
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Approaches for Remediation of Sites Contaminated with Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Potential of fluorescence imaging techniques to monitor mutagenic PAH uptake by microalga
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-07-2014
DOI: 10.1021/ES500387V
Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their potential for lead immobilization in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.09.095
Abstract: Lead (Pb), a highly toxic heavy metal forms stable compounds with phosphate (P). The potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to immobilize Pb by enhancing solubilization of insoluble P compounds was tested in this research. Eighteen different PSB strains isolated from P amended and Pb contaminated soils were screened for their efficiency in P solubilization. The PSB isolated from P amended soils solubilized 217-479 mg/L of P while the PSB from Pb contaminated soil solubilized 31-293 mg/L of P. Stepwise multiple regression analysis and P solubility kinetics indicated that the major mechanism of P solubilization by PSB is the pH reduction through the release of organic acids. From the isolated bacteria, two PSB were chosen for Pb immobilization and these bacteria were identified as Pantoea sp. and Enterobacter sp., respectively. The PSB significantly increased P solubilization by 25.0% and 49.9% in the case of Pantoea sp., and 63.3% and 88.6% in the case of Enterobacter sp. for 200 and 800 mg/kg of rock phosphate (RP) addition, respectively, thereby enhancing the immobilization of Pb by 8.25-13.7% in the case of Pantoea sp. and 14.7-26.4% in the case of Enterobacter sp. The ability of PSB to solubilize P, promote plant growth, and immobilize Pb can be used for phytostabilization of Pb contaminated soils.
Regulatory Guidelines for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 14-08-2020
Six New Families of Aerobic Arsenate Reducing Bacteria: Leclercia, Raoultella, Kosakonia, Lelliottia, Yokenella, and Kluyvera
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-02-2019
Unresolved complex mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment: An overview of ecological effects and remediation approaches
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-09-2021
On‐line solid‐phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of trace tributyltin and triphenyltin in water samples
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-11-2009
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.4321
Abstract: On-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) for pre-concentration and s le cleanup is one strategy to reduce matrix effects and to simultaneously improve detection sensitivity in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). This paper describes an on-line SPE-LC/MS method for the determination of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) at trace levels in water s les. The direct coupling of an on-line C18 pre-column to LC/MS was used to pre-concentrate TBT and TPhT at trace levels from waters and to remove interfering matrix effects. Pre-concentration was followed by separation of TBT and TPhT on a C18 column using a mobile phase containing 0.1% (v/v) HCOOH/5 mM HCOONH4 and methanol. While both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) can be interfaced with MS for the detection of TBT and TPhT, ESI-MS was preferred for this application. The calibration curve for the targets was linear in the concentration range 0.1-30 microg L(-1). The detection limit (signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio = 3) was 0.02 microg L(-1) when 3.0 mL of s le was enriched on the C18 pre-column. The recoveries of TBT and TPhT in spiked waters were from 81.0 to 101.9%. The reproducibilities for the analysis of the standard mixture (10 microg L(-1)) for TBT and TPhT were 13.1 and 5.0%, respectively. The developed method was an easy and fast way to analyze TBT and TPhT in water s les.
Soil enzyme kinetics indicate ecotoxicity of long-term arsenic pollution in the soil at field scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2020.110215
Abstract: Information on the kinetic characteristics of soil enzymes under long-term arsenic (As) pollution in field soils is scarce. We investigated Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties of four soil enzymes including β-glucosidase (BG), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and dehydrogenase (DHA) in field soils contaminated by As resulting from long-term realgar mining activity. The kinetic parameters, namely the maximum reaction velocity (V
Agronomic and remedial benefits and risks of applying biochar to soil: Current knowledge and future research directions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2015.10.018
Abstract: 'Biochar' represents an emerging technology that is increasingly being recognized for its potential role in carbon sequestration, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, renewable energy, soil improvement, crop productivity enhancement and environmental remediation. Published reviews have so far focused mainly on the above listed agronomic and environmental benefits of applying biochar, yet paid little or no attention to its harmful effects on the ecological system. This review highlights a balanced overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the pyrolysis process of biochar production, end-product quality and the benefits versus drawbacks of biochar on: (a) soil geochemistry and albedo, (b) microflora and fauna, (c) agrochemicals, (d) greenhouse gas efflux, (e) nutrients, (f) crop yield, and (g) contaminants (organic and inorganic). Future research should focus more on the unintended long-term consequences of biochar on biological organisms and their processes in the soil.
Acid-tolerant microalgae can withstand higher concentrations of invasive cadmium and produce sustainable biomass and biodiesel at pH 3.5
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.03.001
Abstract: Two acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, originally isolated from non-acidophilic environment, were tested for their ability to withstand higher concentrations of an invasive heavy metal, cadmium (Cd), at an acidic pH of 3.5 and produce biomass rich in biodiesel. The growth analysis, in terms of chlorophyll, revealed that strain MAS1 was tolerant even to 20 mg L
Movement and Fate of 2,4-D in Urban Soils: A Potential Environmental Health Concern
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-05-2020
Rhizodegradation of PAHs differentially altered by C3 and C4 plants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-72844-4
Abstract: Pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was employed to characterize bacterial communities colonizing the rhizosphere of plants with C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways grown in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after 60 and 120 days. The results of this study exhibited a clear difference in bacterial ersity between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere s les and between the rhizospheres of the C3 and C4 plants after 120 days. In both C3 and C4 rhizospheres, an incremental change in PAHs degrading bacterial genera was observed in the 120th day s les compared to the 60th day ones. Among the PAHs degrading bacterial genera, Pseudomonas showed good resistance to PAHs in the 120th day rhizosphere of both C3 and C4 plants. Conversely, the genus Sphingomonas showed sensitivity to PAHs in the 120th day rhizosphere soils of C3 plants only. Also, a significant increase in the PAHs degrading genera was observed at 120th day in the C4 rhizosphere in comparison to the C3 rhizosphere, which was reflected in a reduced PAHs concentration measured in the soil remediated with C4 plants rather than C3 plants. These results suggest that the rhizoremediation of PAHs was primarily governed by the plant photosystems, which led to differences in root secretions that caused the variation in bacterial ersity seen in the rhizospheres. This study is the first report to demonstrate the greater effectiveness of C4 plants in enhancing the PAHs degrading bacterial community than C3 plants.
Antimony speciation, phytochelatin stimulation and toxicity in plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.119305
Abstract: Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid that has been listed as a priority pollutant. The environmental impacts of Sb have recently attracted attention, but its phytotoxicity and biological transformation remain poorly understood. In this study, Sb speciation and transformation in plant roots was quantified by Sb K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the phytotoxicity of antimonate (Sb
Recalcitrance of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2- bis ( p -chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) to Cometabolic Degradation by Pure Cultures of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1997
Abstract: Pure cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria capable of oxidation and reductive dehalogenation of chloroethylenes, and aerobic bacteria involved in biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were screened for their ability to cometabolize the persistent pollutant 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE). Bacterial cultures expressing methane monooxygenase (Methylosinus trichosporium), propane monooxygenase (Mycobacterium vaccae) and biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase enzymes (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhodococcus globerulus), as well as bacteria reductively dechlorinating chloroethylenes (Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium butyricum) could not degrade DDE. Cell-free extracts of M. trichosporium, M. vaccae, P. fluorescens and R. globerulus were also unable to transform DDE, indicating that cell wall and membrane diffusion barriers were not biodegradation limiting. These studies suggest that these bacteria can not degrade DDE, even when provided with cosubstrates that induce chlorophenyl- and dichloroethylene-group transforming enzymes.
Sorption of quaternary ammonium compounds in soils: Implications to the soil microbial activities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.08.055
Abstract: Despite their widespread use in household activities and various industries, information on the toxicity of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) to microbial activities in soil is scant. This study investigated the effect of three commonly used QACs namely hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA), octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ODTMA) and Arquad on dehydrogenase and potential nitrification activities in three different soils. The toxicity of QACs on the dehydrogenase activity and potential nitrification in these soils followed the order: HDTMA>ODTMA>Arquad and Arquad>HDTMA>ODTMA, respectively. HDTMA, ODTMA and Arquad exhibited toxicity to dehydrogenase activity at concentration of 50, 100 and 750 mg kg(-1) soil, respectively, whereas potential nitrification was inhibited by HDTMA and ODTMA even at 50 mg kg(-1) soil. Arquad exhibited toxicity to potential nitrification at comparatively higher concentration of 250 mg kg(-1) soil, with the severity of toxicity very intense at higher concentrations. The nature of QACs and soil properties influenced the toxicity. The toxic effect of QACs on soil microbial activities was more influenced by the relative release of sorbed QACs in soils. This study provides valuable information on the toxicological properties of some widely used QACs on important soil microbial activity parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first report.
Sensitivity of Four Cyanobacterial Isolates from Tropical Freshwaters to Environmentally Realistic Concentrations of Cr6+, Cd2+ and Zn2+
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00128-016-1809-4
Abstract: Sensitivity of four tropical cyanobacteria viz. Coelosphaerium sp., Synechococcus sp., Oscillatoria sp. and Chroococcus sp. to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cr(6+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+)was assessed based on fluorescence change as a proxy for growth reduction. At 24 h exposure, the growth reduction inthe cyanobacteria followed the order: Zn(2+) < Cr(6+) ≤ Cd(2+). Of the four cyanobacteria, Synechococcus was the most sensitive for Cr(6+), where as Chroococcus was the most sensitive for Cd(2+)and Zn(2+). Sensitivity was gradually decreased by 96 h implying the acquisition of tolerance by cyanobacteria to heavy metal ions with prolonged exposure.
Recent advances in the synthesis of inorganic nano/microstructures using microbial biotemplates and their applications
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4RA07903E
Abstract: Microbial biotemplates for synthesizing inorganic nanostructures of defined morphology and size.
Acute toxicity of the insecticide methyl parathion and its hydrolytic product p-nitrophenol to the native Australian cladoceran Daphnia carinata
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-06-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10646-019-02064-8
Abstract: The toxicity of an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, methyl parathion (MP), and its hydrolysis product, p-nitrophenol (PNP), to the native Australian cladoceran species, Daphnia carinata, was assessed. Both MP and PNP were stable in cladoceran water during the test period. D. carinata was sensitive to both MP and PNP however, the parent compound was more toxic than its metabolite. This is the first study that demonstrated the acute toxicity of MP and PNP towards an Australian daphnid species. The present investigation emphasizes the need for including the native taxa as non-target test organisms while evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants.
Reduction and adsorption of Pb2+ in aqueous solution by nano-zero-valent iron - A SEM, TEM and XPS study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Differentiation between Impacted and Unimpacted Microbial Communities of a Nitrogen Contaminated Aquifer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/ENVIRONMENTS9100128
Abstract: Nitrogen contamination is ubiquitous across the globe as a result of this, the need to understand and predict the extent and effects of nitrogen contamination on microbial ecosystems is increasingly important. This paper utilises a dataset that provides a rare opportunity to observe varying contamination conditions in a single aquifer and understand the differences between potential background bores and two different types of contamination spread across the other bores. Using physicochemical and microbiological community analysis, this paper aims to determine the impacts of the two contaminants, nitrate and ammonia, on the microbial communities and the differences between polluted and physicochemical background bores. Total nitrogen (N) varied by a factor of over 2000 between bores, ranging from 0.07 to 155 mg L−1. Nitrate (NO3−) concentrations ranged from 150 to .01 mg L−1 ammonium (NH4+) concentrations ranged from 26 to .1 mg L−1. MANOVA analysis confirmed an overall significant relationship (p = 0.0052) between N variables and the physicochemical data (or status) of the three areas of contamination dubbed ‘contamination zones’. The contamination zones were defined by no known presence of contamination in the uncontaminated bores, the presence of NO3− contamination and the presence of NO3− and NH4+ contamination. PERMANOVA analysis confirmed that there was an overall significant difference in the microbial communities between the three contamination zones (p = 0.0002) however, the presence of NH4+ had a significant effect (p = 0.0012). In general, the nitrate-contaminated bores showed a decrease in the abundance of in idual OTUs. We further confirmed that NH4+ contamination had a significant relationship with an increased percentage of abundance occupied by the Planctomycetota phylum (specifically the Candidatus Brocadia genus). It was found that one of the two background bores (BS-004) was likely also representative of natural microbial background, and another (BS-002) showed characteristics that may be representative of past or intermittent contamination. This paper demonstrates a possible way to determine the microbial background and discusses the potential uses for this information.
Bioremediation potential of natural polyphenol rich green wastes: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Identification of Electrode Respiring, Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacterial Strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MK2 Highlights the Untapped Potential for Environmental Bioremediation
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-12-2016
Environmental monitoring of the role of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of lead in contaminated soils
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1EM10275C
Abstract: Lead is a highly toxic element and forms stable compounds with phosphate, which is commonly used to immobilize Pb in soils. However, few studies have monitored the long-term stability of immobilized Pb, which is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of the in situ stabilization technique. Both soluble and insoluble phosphate compounds were tested for Pb immobilization, and its subsequent mobility and bioavailability in a contaminated soil from a shooting range. Adding tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, rock phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate reduced the concentration of ammonium-nitrate-extractable Pb in the contaminated soil by 78.6%, 48.3%, 40.5% and 80.1%, respectively. Insoluble phosphate amendments significantly reduced leached Pb concentration from the column while soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound increased P and Pb concentrations in the leachate. Rock phosphate reduced Pb accumulation in earthworms by 21.9% compared to earthworms in the control treatment. The long-term stability of immobilized Pb was evaluated after 2 years' incubation of the contaminated soil with rock phosphate or soluble phosphate compounds. Bioavailable Pb concentration as measured by simple bioavailability extraction test (SBET) showed the long-term stability of immobilized Pb by P amendments. Therefore, Pb immobilization using phosphate compounds is an effective remediation technique for Pb-contaminated soils.
Mercury Inhibits Soil Enzyme Activity in a Lower Concentration than the Guideline Value
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00128-015-1664-8
Abstract: Three soil types - neutral, alkaline and acidic were experimentally contaminated with nine different concentrations of inorganic mercury (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg/kg) to derive effective concentrations of mercury that exert toxicity on soil quality. Bioavailability of mercury in terms of water solubility was lower in acidic soil with higher organic carbon. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity and nitrification rate were chosen as indicators to assess soil quality. Inorganic mercury significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) microbial activities in the soils. The critical mercury contents (EC10) were found to be less than the available safe limits for inorganic mercury which demonstrated inadequacy of existing guideline values.
Local applications but global implications: Can pesticides drive microorganisms to develop antimicrobial resistance?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.11.041
Abstract: Pesticides are an important agricultural input, and the introduction of new active ingredients with increased efficiencies drives their higher production and consumption worldwide. Inappropriate application and storage of these chemicals often contaminate plant tissues, air, water, or soil environments. The presence of pesticides can lead to developing tolerance, resistance or persistence and even the capabilities to degrade them by the microbiomes of theses environments. The pesticide-degrading microorganisms gain and employ several mechanisms for attraction (chemotaxis), membrane transport systems, efflux pumps, enzymes and genetical make-up with plasmid and chromosome encoded catabolic genes for degradation. Even the evolution and the mechanisms of inheritance for pesticide-degradation as a functional trait in several microorganisms are beginning to be understood. Because of the commonalities in the microbial responses of sensing and uptake, and adaptation due to the selection pressures of pesticides and antimicrobial substances including antibiotics, the pesticide-degraders have higher chances of possessing antimicrobial resistance as a surplus functional trait. This review critically examines the probabilities of pesticide contamination of soil and foliage, the knowledge gaps in the regulation and storage of pesticide chemicals, and the human implications of pesticide-degrading microorganisms with antimicrobial resistance in the global strategy of 'One Health'.
Transcriptome analysis of Eisenia fetida chronically exposed to benzo(a)pyrene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution using bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2011.07.057
Abstract: Zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles tend to agglomerate, resulting in a significant loss in reactivity. To address this issue, synthesized bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (B-nZVI) was used to remove azo dye methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution. Batch experiments show that various parameters, such as pH, initial concentration of MO, dosage, and temperature, were affected by the removal of MO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that B-nZVI increased their reactivity and a decrease occurred in the aggregation of iron nanoparticles for the presence of bentonite (B). Using B-nZVI, 79.46% of MO was removed, whereas only 40.03% when using nZVI after reacting for 10 min with an initial MO concentration of 100 mg/L (pH=6.5). Furthermore, after B-nZVI reacted to MO, XRD indicated that iron oxides were formed. FTIR showed that no new bands appeared, and UV-vis demonstrated that the absorption peak of MO was degraded. Kinetics studies showed that the degradation of MO fitted well to the pseudo first-order model. A degradation mechanism is proposed, including the following: oxidation of iron, adsorption of MO to B-nZVI, formation of Fe(II)-dye complex, and cleavage of azo bond. Finally, the removal rate of MO from actual wastewater was 99.75% when utilizing B-nZVI.
High-resolution DNA melt-curve analysis for cost-effective mass screening of pairwise species interactions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2013
Abstract: Ecological studies of pairwise interactions are constrained by the methods available for rapid species identification of the interacting organisms. The resolution of data required to characterize species interaction networks at multiple spatio-temporal scales can be intensive, and therefore laborious and costly to collect. We explore the utility of high-resolution DNA melt-curve analysis (HRM) as a rapid species identification method. An approach was developed to identify organisms at the pairwise interaction level, with particular application to cryptic species interactions that are traditionally difficult to study. Here, we selected a challenging application to identify the presence/absence of pathogenic fungi (Sporothrix inflata, Ophiostoma nigrocarpum and Ophiostoma galeiforme) transported by bark beetle vectors (Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda). The technique was able to distinguish between different species of DNA within a single, pooled s le. In test applications, HRM was effective in the mass screening and identification of pathogenic fungal species carried by many in idual bark beetle vectors (n = 455 beetles screened) across large geographic scales. For two of the fungal species, there was no difference in the frequency of association with either of their vectors, but for the third fungal species there was a shift in vector-pathogen associations across locations. This technique allows rapid, mass screening and characterization of species interactions at a fraction of the time and cost of traditional methods. It is anticipated that this method can be readily applied to explore other cryptic species interactions, or other studies requiring rapid generation of large data sets and/or high-throughput efficiency.
Mercury toxicity to Eisenia fetida in three different soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-016-7869-5
Abstract: Three different soils were spiked with 12 different concentrations of inorganic mercury (Hg). Sub-chronic Hg toxicity tests were carried out with Eisenia fetida in spiked soils by exposing the worms for 28 days following standard procedures. The toxicity studies revealed that Hg exerted less lethal effect on earthworms in acidic soil with higher organic carbon (S-3 soil) where water soluble Hg recovery was very low compared to the water soluble Hg fractions in soils with less organic carbon and higher pH (S-1 and S-2 soils). The concentrations of total Hg that caused 50 % lethality to E. fetida (LC
Bioavailability of weathered hydrocarbons in engine oil-contaminated soil: Impact of bioaugmentation mediated by Pseudomonas spp. on bioremediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.04.379
Abstract: Heavier fraction hydrocarbons (C
Screening of metal uptake by plant colonizers growing on abandoned copper mine in Kapunda, South Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-11-2016
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109599
Abstract: Systematic site survey for s le collection and analysis was conducted at a derelict copper (Cu) mine at Kapunda, South Australia. Cu concentrations in the soils at this former mine ranged from 65-10107 mg kg(-1). The pH and EC varied widely in the 3.9-8.4 and 152-7311 µS ranges, respectively. Nine plant species growing over the copper mine site were selected to screen for metal uptake to determine their suitability for phytoremediation. The Australian native tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis indicated enrichment factor (EF) of 2.17, 1.89, and 1.30 for Cu, Zn, and Pb, respectively, suggesting that this species of tree can accumulate these metals to some degree. The stress-resistant exotic olive, Olea europaea exhibited EF of ≤ 0.01 for Cu, Cd, and Pb, and 0.29 for Zn, which is characteristic of an excluder plant. Acacia pycnantha, the Australian pioneer legume species with EF 0.03, 0.80, 0.32, and 0.01 for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, respectively, emerged as another strong metal excluder and consequently as an ideal metal stabilizer.
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by novel bacterial consortia tolerant to diverse physical settings - Assessments in liquid- and slurry-phase systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Effects of atrazine on microbial metabolic limitations in black soils: Evidence from enzyme stoichiometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Phenotypic changes in microalgae at acidic pH mediate their tolerance to higher concentrations of transition metals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Risk based land management requires focus beyond the target contaminants-A case study involving weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Determination and probabilistic health risk assessment of heavy metals in widely consumed market basket fruits from Dhaka city Bangladesh
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-01-2022
Role of 2-mercaptopyridine on control of microbial influenced corrosion of copper CW024A metal in cooling water system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.01.193
Abstract: In this present study, the biocorrosion behaviour of Bacillus thuringiensis EN2 and B. oleronius EN9 on copper metal CW024A (Cu) in cooling water system (1% chloride) were evaluated using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface analysis. In presence of EN2 and EN9, the corrosion rates (CR) were higher, about 0.021 mm/y and 0.032 mm/y than control system (0.004 mm/y). On the other hand, the presence of corrosion inhibitor 2-mercaptopyridine (2-MCP) with bacteria (EN2 and EN9), the biofilm on metal surface was highly inhibited and thus reduces the corrosion rate (CR: 0.004 mm/y). The electrochemical behaviour of CW024A metal was correlated with the adsorbed corrosion inhibitor film and biofilm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the presence of EN2 and EN9 more pits was observed on the metal surface rather than 2-MCP system. EIS confirms the inhibitor act as cathodic type of inhibitor and thus leads to the inhibition of CR. Overall, this work concluded that corrosion inhibitor (2-MCP) inhibits, the bacterial biofilm formation on the metal surface due to the formation of productive layer on metal surface as coordination of NH bond. Which leads to the reduction of bacterial attachment and thus higher corrosion inhibition efficiency (75%) obtained. This is the first work disclosing the role of 2-MCP formulations as potent anti-bacterial and corrosion inhibition efficiency on copper metal in cooling water tower environment.
Influence of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination on microalgae and microbial activities in a long-term contaminated soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2000
Abstract: Petroleum hydrocarbons are widespread environmental pollutants. Although biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons has been the subject of numerous investigations, information on their toxicity to microorganisms in soil is limited, with virtually no work conducted on soil algae. We carried out a screening experiment for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and their toxicity to soil algal populations, microbial biomass, and soil enzymes (dehydrogenase and urease) in a long-term TPH-polluted site with reference to an adjacent unpolluted site. Microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity, and microalgae declined in medium to high-level (5,200-21,430 mg kg(-1) soil) TPH-polluted soils, whereas low-level (<2,120 mg kg(-1) soil) pollution stimulated the algal populations and showed no effect on microbial biomass and enzymes. However, inhibition of all the tested parameters was more severe in soil considered to have medium-level pollution than in soils that were highly polluted. This result could not be explained by chemical analysis alone. Of particular interest was an observed shift in the species composition of algae in polluted soils with elimination of sensitive species in the medium to high polluted soils. Also, an algal growth inhibition test carried out using aqueous eluates prepared from polluted soils supported these results. Given the sensitivity of algae to synthetic pollutants, alteration in the algal species composition can serve as a useful bioindicator of pollution. The results of this experiment suggest that chemical analysis alone is not adequate for toxicological estimations and should be used in conjunction with bioassays. Furthermore, changes in species composition of algae proved to be more sensitive than microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity measurements.
Factors affecting immobilization of heavy metals by purple nonsulfur bacteria isolated from contaminated shrimp ponds
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2010
Novel recalibration methodologies for ion-selective electrode arrays in the multi-ion interference scenario
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-12-2017
DOI: 10.1002/CEM.2870
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induces behavioural, reproductive and developmental toxicological impacts in Caenorhabditis elegans at concentrations relevant to the contaminated areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) partitioning and bioaccessibility in uncontaminated and long-term contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2009.06.124
Abstract: We investigated the pore-water content and speciation of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in a range of uncontaminated and long-term contaminated soils in order to establish their potential bioaccessibility to soil biota, plants and humans. Among the s les, soil pH (0.01 M CaCl(2)) ranged from 4.9 to 8.2. The total metal content of the uncontaminated soils ranged from 3.8 to 93.8 mg Cu kg(-1), 10.3 to 95 mg kg(-1) Zn, 0.1 to 1.8 mg Cd kg(-1) and 5.2 to 183 mg kg(-1) Pb, while metal content in the contaminated soils ranged from 104 to 6841 mg Cu kg(-1), 312 to 39,000 mg kg(-1) Zn, 6 to 302 mg Cd kg(-1) and 609 to 12,000 mg kg(-1) Pb. Our analysis of pore-water found the Cu concentrations to be much higher in contaminated soils than in uncontaminated soils, with the distribution coefficients (K(d)) correlating significantly with the log of dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Despite the high total metal content of the contaminated soil, Zn, Cd and Pb were not generally found at elevated levels in the pore-water with the exception of a single contaminated soil. A long period of ageing and soil weathering may have led to a substantial reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the pore-water of contaminated soils. On the other hand, Pb bioaccessibility was found to be comparatively high in Pb contaminated soils, where it tended to exceed the total Pb values by more than 80%. We conclude that, despite the extensive ageing of some contaminated soils, the bioaccessibility of Pb remains relatively high.
Synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles using oolong tea extract for the degradation of malachite green
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2013.09.054
Abstract: Iron-based nanoparticles (OT-FeNP) were synthesized using oolong tea extracts. Their morphology, structure and size were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Formation of FeNP results in mostly spherical particles with diameters ranging from 40 to 50 nm. Degradation of malachite green (MG) using OT-FeNP demonstrated that kinetics fitted well to the pseudo first-order reaction by removing 75.5% of MG (50 mg/L). This indicated that OT-FeNP has the potential to serve as a green nanomaterial for environmental remediation.
Military Loyalty as a Moral Emotion
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-10-2021
Abstract: Loyalty between soldiers is idealized as an emotion that promotes cohesion and combat effectiveness. However, little empirical work has examined how military personnel understand, feel, and enact loyalty. We use a symbolic interactionalist informed frame to explore the lived experience of 24 retired Australian Defence Force members via in-depth semi-structured interviews. Our analysis revealed three core themes: (1) Loyalty as reciprocity, where there was an expectation that loyalty would be returned no matter what. (2) The importance of emotional connection for cohesion. (3) Loyalty as a prioritizing process, where a soldier’s loyalties gave them a way of choosing between competing demands. Loyalty is a moral emotion that enabled sensemaking. Close interpersonal loyalties tended to trump wider/diffused loyalties. Respondents understood their loyalties to fellow soldiers within wider social constructs of mateship and professionalism. The findings show the risks that come from a reliance on loyalty for combat cohesion.
Assessment of antioxidant activity, minerals, phenols and flavonoid contents of common plant/tree waste extracts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Degradation of fenamiphos in soils collected from different geographical regions: The influence of soil properties and climatic conditions
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1080/03601230801941659
Abstract: The persistence of fenamiphos (nematicide) in five soils collected from different geographical regions such as Australia, Ecuador and India under three temperature regimes (18, 25 and 37 degrees C) simulating typical environmental conditions was studied. The effect of soil properties (soil pH, temperature and microbial biomass) on the degradation of fenamiphos was determined. The rate of degradation increased with increase in temperature. Fenamiphos degradation was higher at 37 degrees C than at 25 and 18 degrees C (except under alkaline pH). The degradation pathway differed in different soils. Fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO) was identified as the major degradation product in all the soils. Fenamiphos sulfone (FSO2), and the corresponding phenols: fenamiphos phenol (FP), fenamiphos sulfoxide phenol (FSOP) and fenamiphos sulfone phenol (FSO2P) were also detected. The degradation of fenamiphos was faster in the alkaline soils, followed by neutral and acidic soils. Under sterile conditions, the dissipation of the pesticide was slower than in the non-sterile soils suggesting microbial role in the pesticide degradation. The generation of new knowledge on fenamiphos degradation patterns under different environmental conditions is important to achieve better pesticide risk management.
Application of neural networks with novel independent component analysis methodologies to a Prussian blue modified glassy carbon electrode array
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2014.08.010
Abstract: Sodium potassium absorption ratio (SPAR) is an important measure of agricultural water quality, wherein four exchangeable cations (K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) should be simultaneously determined. An ISE-array is suitable for this application because its simplicity, rapid response characteristics and lower cost. However, cross-interferences caused by the poor selectivity of ISEs need to be overcome using multivariate chemometric methods. In this paper, a solid contact ISE array, based on a Prussian blue modified glassy carbon electrode (PB-GCE), was applied with a novel chemometric strategy. One of the most popular independent component analysis (ICA) methods, the fast fixed-point algorithm for ICA (fastICA), was implemented by the genetic algorithm (geneticICA) to avoid the local maxima problem commonly observed with fastICA. This geneticICA can be implemented as a data preprocessing method to improve the prediction accuracy of the Back-propagation neural network (BPNN). The ISE array system was validated using 20 real irrigation water s les from South Australia, and acceptable prediction accuracies were obtained.
Multigenerational effects of TiO2 rutile nanoparticles on earthworms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Contribution of attendant anions on cadmium toxicity to soil enzymes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.08.073
Abstract: Sorption and desorption are critical processes to control the mobility and biotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) in soils. It is known that attendant anion species of heavy metals could affect metal adsorption on soils and might further alter their biotoxicity. However, for Cd, the influence of attendant anions on its sorption in soils and subsequent toxicity on soil enzymes are still unknown. In this work, four Cd compounds with different salt anions (SO
Application of high frequency ultrasound in the destruction of DDT in contaminated sand and water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2009.03.024
Abstract: High frequency ultrasound, as an alternative to high cost incineration, has been investigated to remediate DDT from sand and soil slurries. In this study, low power high frequency ultrasound (1.6 MHz 150 W/L), with operating costs much lower than low frequency ultrasound, has been used to remediate DDT in liquid solution and in sand slurries. At 1.6 MHz, the wavelength, cycle time, bubble size and bubble life time are much smaller and the number of bubbles per litre is much larger than at frequencies below 50 kHz. These large differences affect the effective mass transfer to the bubbles and subsequent energy release, hydrolysis of water and degradation mechanism. Based on DDT measurement, using high frequency ultrasound, 90% of 8 mg/L of DDT from liquid solution was destroyed in 90 min. Removal efficiency from 32.6 mg/L of DDT in a 40 wt.% sand slurry was 22% in 90 min. Other slurry and DDT combinations are reported. Incremental chloride measurements indicated that combination of ultrasound and iron powder helps to increase the remediation rate of DDT from sand slurry, e.g. 46% cf. 32% for a 20 wt.% slurry. The results show that high frequency ultrasound is effective in degrading the non-polar pollutant DDT dispersed in water and in sand slurry. In practice, due to intensity limitations in currently available equipment and higher attenuation of energy, high frequency ultrasound has a low volume coverage and would require circulation of the slurry past the sonotrode, multiple sonotrodes, larger sonotrode area and lower slurry densities may still be required.
Finger printing of mixed contaminants from former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site soils: Implications to bioremediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2010.08.017
Abstract: Contaminants in general do not occur as single chemicals but as mixtures at any contaminated site. Gasworks sites are the typical mixed contaminated sites. These sites are not only subjected to PAH contamination but also varying degrees of heavy metal contamination. Bioremediation in these sites is often hindered by the presence of heavy metals. The co-occurrence of PAHs with heavy metals has not been systematically investigated. Metals are reported to inhibit the general soil microbiological processes. The total concentration of soluble metal in the system includes both free metal ion and complexed forms. Within bioavailable fraction, the most toxic form is the free metal species, which was not addressed well so far in gas works site characterisation. This study underpins the science and importance of metal bioavailability and speciation based site characterisation in mixed contaminated sites. In this study a detailed elemental chemistry of the gas works site soils are discussed using different methods. The PAH contamination was contributed by both low and high molecular weight PAHs. The total PAHs concentration ranged from 335 to 8645 mg/kg. Among most toxic metals Pb was found in high concentration ranging from 88 to 671 mg/kg, Cd 8 to 112 mg/kg and Zn varied from 64 to 488 mg/kg. Thermodynamic chemical equilibrium model VMINTEQ (Ver 2.52) was used to calculate the free metal species in gas works site soils. The percentage free metal species showed a different trend compared to total metal concentrations, free Zn species ranged 18-86%, free Cd was 26-87% and Pb showed lowest free metal percentage (0-17%). The bioavailable metal species and its implications to bioremediation have also been discussed.
Toxicity of p-aminophenol and p-nitrophenol to Chlorella vulgaris and two species of Nostoc isolated from soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1991
Biomolecules in grape leaf extract involved in one-step synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4RA08808E
Abstract: Biomolecules in plant extracts are often used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles in a single-step green synthesis process that is environment friendly and sustainable.
Linking human impacts to community processes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-12-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.14153
Abstract: Human impacts such as habitat loss, climate change and biological invasions are radically altering bio ersity, with greater effects projected into the future. Evidence suggests human impacts may differ substantially between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We propose an integrative approach to explain these differences by linking impacts to four fundamental processes that structure communities: dispersal, speciation, species‐level selection and ecological drift. Our goal is to provide process‐based insights into why human impacts, and responses to impacts, may differ across ecosystem types using a mechanistic, eco‐evolutionary comparative framework. To enable these insights, we review and synthesise (i) how the four processes influence ersity and dynamics in terrestrial versus freshwater communities, specifically whether the relative importance of each process differs among ecosystems, and (ii) the pathways by which human impacts can produce ergent responses across ecosystems, due to differences in the strength of processes among ecosystems we identify. Finally, we highlight research gaps and next steps, and discuss how this approach can provide new insights for conservation. By focusing on the processes that shape ersity in communities, we aim to mechanistically link human impacts to ongoing and future changes in ecosystems.
Inoculation of Bacillus megaterium strain A14 alleviates cadmium accumulation in peanut: effects and underlying mechanisms
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-01-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JAM.14983
Microbial degradation and algal toxicity of monocrotophos and quinalphos in flooded soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1988
Integration of a diamine solvent based absorption and coal fly ash based mineralisation for CO2 sequestration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
An Experimental Test of Insect-Mediated Colonisation of Damaged Pinus radiata Trees by Sapstain Fungi
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-02-2013
Influence of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on nitrate removal by Paracoccus sp.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2014.02.045
Abstract: Nitrate contamination in drinking water is a major threat to public health. This study investigated the efficiency of denitrification of aqueous solutions in the co-presence of synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI diameter: 20-80 nm) and a previously isolated Paracoccus sp. strain YF1. Various influencing factors were studied, such as oxygen, pH, temperature, and anaerobic corrosion products (Fe(2+), Fe(3+) and Fe3O4). With slight toxicity to the strain, nZVI promoted denitrification efficiency by providing additional electron sources under aerobic conditions. For ex le, 50 mg L(-1) nZVI increased the nitrate removal efficiency from 66.9% to 85.2%. However, a high concentration of nZVI could lead to increased production of Fe(2+), a toxic ion which could compromise the removal efficiency. Kinetic studies suggest that denitrification by both free cells, and nZVI-amended cells fitted well to the zero-order model. Temperature and pH are the major factors affecting nitrate removal and cell growth, with or without the presence of nZVI. In this study, nitrate removal and cell growth increased in the pH range of 6.5-8.0, and temperature range of 25-35 °C. These conditions favor the growth of the strain, which dominated denitrification in all scenarios involved. As for anaerobic corrosion products, compared with Fe(2+) and Fe(3+), Fe3O4 promoted denitrification by serving as an electron donor. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed attachments of nZVI on the surface of the cell, and the formation of iron oxides. This study indicated that, as an electron donor source with minimal cellular toxicity, nZVI could be used to promote denitrification efficiency under biotic conditions.
Chlorococcum sp. MM11—a novel phyco-nanofactory for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2015
Transcriptional analysis of the laccase-like gene from Burkholderia cepacia BNS and expression in Escherichia coli
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-018-9468-5
Abstract: Bacterial laccases have received considerable attention because of several advantages associated with the higher environmental stability of these enzymes compared with fungal laccases. In this study, a laccase-like gene from Burkholderia cepacia BNS was successfully cloned. This gene was found to encode a mature protein of 279 amino acids that exhibited laccase activity in dimer form. The mature protein was found to contain approximately 4 mol of copper per monomer, and the metal ion-binding sites were predicted. BC_lacL gene transcription levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR to study expression patterns in the presence of different putative inducers (copper ions, guaiacol, veratryl alcohol, vanillin, coniferaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid). Copper ions had a positive effect on both transcription levels and intracellular laccase activity. Interestingly, upon induction with sinapic acid, BC_lacL gene transcription was lower than in the presence of copper ions, but laccase activity was highest under these conditions. The BC_lacL protein expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited a specific activity of 7.81 U/mg with 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as the substrate and 12.3 U/mg with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) as the substrate after purification through Ni-affinity chromatography. The optimal activity and kinetic parameters of the recombinant BC_lacL protein were observed (kcat/Km = 3.96 s
Potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria to improve soil health and agricultural productivity: a critical view
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2VA00158F
Abstract: Microalgae are a source of scientific curiosity and inspiration for their utilization as ‘inoculants’ in agriculture and the commercial production of high-value products.
Biodegradation of TNT using Bacillus mycoides immobilized in PVA-sodium alginate-kaolin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Aging reduces the bioavailability of even a weakly sorbed pesticide (carbaryl) in soil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.1897/03-569
Abstract: We investigated bioavailability and biodegradation of carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) in a soil with a long history of pesticide contamination from a storage facility located at Mamoon Kanjan, Pakistan. Carbaryl is weakly sorbed and generally considered to be easily degradable in soil. Extraction studies revealed that 49% of the total carbaryl in soil (88.0 mg kg(-1)) was not water-extractable and also not bioavailable, as demonstrated by inoculation of the contaminated soil with a carbaryl-degrading, mixed bacterial culture. Inoculation of the contaminated soil with the carbaryl-degrading culture showed that the bacteria were capable of degrading only the available (i.e., water-extractable) fraction of the pesticide. When the soil was pulverized in a ball mill to enhance the release of residue, an additional 19% of the carbaryl became bioavailable. A significant proportion of residue (approximately 33%) remained unavailable. The long (>12 years) contact time between the pesticide and soil (i.e., aging), allowing possible sequestration into soil nanopores and the organic matter matrices, is suggested to have rendered the pesticide unavailable for microbial degradation. High concentration (88.0 mg kg(-1)) in soil facilitated its persistence and sequestration. Results from the present study demonstrate that even a weakly sorbed and easily degradable pesticide, carbaryl, is effectively sequestrated in soil with time, rendering it partly inaccessible to microorganisms and affecting the bioavailability of the compound.
Efficient bioremediation of laboratory wastewater co-contaminated with PAHs and dimethylformamide by a methylotrophic enrichment culture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.116425
Abstract: A methylotrophic enrichment culture, MM34X, has been assessed for its exceptional ability in biodegradation of dimethylformamide (DMF) and bioremediation of laboratory wastewater (LWW) co-contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The culture MM34X tolerated high concentrations of DMF and efficiently degraded 98% of 20,000 mg L
Ecological role of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus GSN3 in natural biofilm formation and its advantages in bioremediation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-04-2019
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1597061
Abstract: This study assessed the role of a new
Orange II adsorption on palygorskites modified with alkyl trimethylammonium and dialkyl dimethylammonium bromide - An isothermal and kinetic study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Soil chemical properties rather than the abundance of active and potentially active microorganisms control soil enzyme kinetics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Degradation of microcystin-LR using functional clay supported bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles based on adsorption and reduction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Sorption of fenamiphos to different soils: The influence of soil properties
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-09-2008
DOI: 10.1080/03601230802234690
Abstract: Fenamiphos (0-ethyl-0(3-methyl-4-methylthiophenyl)-isopropylamido-phosphate) is a widely used nematicide and insecticide in bowling greens and agriculture, but information on its sorption including its metabolites is limited. Hence, the sorption of fenamiphos (nematicide) and its major degradation products fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO) and fenamiphos sulfone (FSO2) were determined in thirteen contrasting soils collected from Australia and Ecuador. The sorption coefficients (Kd) exhibited a wide range of variation from 2.48 to 14.94 L/Kg for fenamiphos from 0 to 7.42 L/Kg for FSO and from 0 to 9.49 L/Kg for FSO2. The sorption affinity of the three compounds for all soils tested was as follows: fenamiphos > fenamiphos sulfone > fenamiphos sulfoxide. The results showed that the sorption of fenamiphos and its metabolites in some soils is very low, and in one case is nonexistant for the metabolites. This is of particular concern as due to its low sorption coefficient, the compound could easily migrate and contaminate water bodies. Fenamiphos and its oxidation products have been reported to be highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates and therefore, the information generated in this study assumes great importance in the risk assessment of fenamiphos and its metabolites in the environment.
The influence of long-term ageing on arsenic ecotoxicity in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Speciation of glyphosate, phosphate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soil extracts by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with an octopole reaction system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-05-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2008.12.052
Abstract: Ion-pairing chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) used for the speciation of phosphorus is limited as the mobile phase containing organic solvents changes in detection sensitivity and the carbon precipitates on torch and cones. To address this issue, anion-exchange chromatography with ICP-MS has been used for the speciation of glyphosate, phosphate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soil extracts. The separation of the targets on a new column was achieved within 5 min using an eluent containing 20 mM NH(4)NO(3) at pH 5.1. Furthermore, since the polyatomic ions such as (14)N(16)O(1)H(+) and (15)N(16)O(+) from a nitrogen-based ion-pairing reagent interfered with ICP-MS detection of (31)P, an octopole reaction system was investigated to determine whether the polyatomic interferences could be reduced. The results show that addition of He to the cell can benefit analyses by reducing such interferences, but at the expense of reduced sensitivity. The detection limits in the range of 1.0-1.5 microg L(-1) (expressed as P) was achieved when 50 microL was injected using He as the collusion gas.
Microplastics as a vector of toxic chemicals in soil: Enhanced uptake of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid by earthworms through sorption and reproductive toxicity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Arsenic contamination in areas surrounding mines and selection of potential As-resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria for use in bioremediation based on their detoxification mechanisms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2016
Evaluation of arsenic pollution in field-contaminated soil at the soil's actual pH
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Toxicity of fenamiphos and its metabolites to the cladoceran Daphnia carinata: The influence of microbial degradation in natural waters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2006.07.027
Abstract: The acute toxicity of an organophosphorous pesticide, fenamiphos and its metabolites, fenamiphos sulfoxide, fenamiphos sulfone, fenamiphos phenol, fenamiphos sulfoxide phenol and fenamiphos sulfone phenol, to a cladoceran, Daphnia carinata was studied in both cladoceran culture medium and natural water collected from a local river. The toxicity followed the order: fenamiphos>fenamiphos sulfone>fenamiphos sulfoxide. The hydrolysis products of fenamiphos, F. sulfoxide (FSO) and F. sulfone (FSO(2)) (F. phenol, FSO phenol and FSO(2) phenol) were not toxic to D. carinata up to 500microgl(-1) water, suggesting hydrolysis reaction leads to detoxification. Also the toxicity was reduced in natural water compared to the cladoceran culture medium due to microbial mediated degradation of toxicants in the natural water. Fenamiphos and its metabolites were stable in both cladoceran water and filter-sterilised natural water while these compounds showed degradation in unfiltered natural water implicating the microbial role in degradation of these compounds. To our knowledge this is the first study on acute toxicity of fenamiphos metabolites to cladoceran and this study suggests that the organophosphate pesticides are highly toxic to fresh water invertebrates and therefore pollution with these compounds may adversely affect the natural ecosystems.
Persistence and effects of fenamiphos on native algal populations and enzymatic activities in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1999
Changes in microbial properties associated with long-term arsenic and DDT contaminated soils at disused cattle dip sites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00092-1
Abstract: This work examined the effect of long-term arsenic (As) and DDT contamination on soil microbial properties at 11 cattle dip sites in northern New South Wales, Australia. Total As in the surface (0-10 cm) soils from these sites ranged from 34 to 2941 mg As kg(-1) soil and hexane-extractable DDT concentrations ranged between 2.9 and 7673 mg DDT kg(-1) soil. The concentrations of water and oxalate-extractable As were positively correlated with total As. Oxalate-extractable As was more strongly correlated (r(2)=0.87) with total As than water-extractable As (r(2)=0.34). A weak positive relationship was observed between the level of nutrient (organic carbon and nitrogen) and microbial biomass C (r(2)=0.61 and 0.45, respectively). There was a highly significant difference between the microbial properties of polluted and unpolluted sites (P<0.001). In comparison to unpolluted soils, fungal counts, microbial biomass C, and respiration were dramatically reduced (P<0.05) in polluted soils. However, the bacterial population between polluted and unpolluted soils were not different (P<0.05). The results of this study suggested that (a) long-term contamination of soils adjacent to former cattle dipping sites by As and DDT adversely affected soil microbial properties with the fungal populations being the most sensitive and (b) there was little regeneration of microbiota despite 25 years of field ageing of the soils.
Influence of ageing on lead bioavailability in soils: a swine study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-014-3577-1
Abstract: Aging is a time-dependent process that causes metal bioavailability to decrease with time. The current study investigated the bioavailability change of Pb in four contrasting soils over a time period until the Pb relative bioavailability (RB) levels achieved a steady state to assess the extent of the following: firstly, bioavailability change in each soil and secondly, correlation of these changes with the soil properties. Relative bioavailability of soils spiked with 1500 mg Pb/kg were measured in swine that were fed these soils, throughout an aging period (56 days) to investigate relationships between soil properties and in vivo bioavailability of Pb. Spiked soils were used to minimize the effect of varying sources of Pb on RB. The RB of Pb in GTA, IWA, and MLA decreased from their initial Pb RB values until a steady state RB of 34, 45, and 59 % was reached, respectively, by the 56th day. In contrast, however, to these RB decreases, NTA soil indicated no change in RB over the whole aging period of the experiment. The lack of change in RB in the NTA soil over time was attributed to it achieving a steady state RB within a very short time due to its comparatively high sorptive capacity (K d = 112).
Soil mineral alters the effect of Cd on the alkaline phosphatase activity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2018.05.069
Abstract: The toxicity of heavy metals (HMs) to soil enzymes is directly influenced by the status of the enzyme (free vs. immobilized on minerals) and the duration of exposure. However, little information is available on the interaction effect of HMs, mineral, and exposure time on soil enzyme activities. We investigated the interaction mechanism of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with minerals (montmorillonite and goethite) and the response of free and immobilized ALP to cadmium (Cd) toxicity under different exposure times. The adsorption isotherms of ALP on both minerals were L-type. The maximum adsorption capacity of goethite for ALP was 3.96 times than montmorillonite, although both had similar adsorption constant (K). Goethite showed a greater inhibitory effect on ALP activity than montmorillonite. The toxicity of Cd to free- and goethite-ALP was enhanced with increasing exposure time, indicating a time-dependent inhibition. However, Cd toxicity to montmorillonite-ALP was not affected by the exposure time. The inhibition of Cd to soil enzyme activity is influenced by the properties of mineral complexes and the duration of exposure. A further understanding of the time pattern of HMs toxicity is helpful for accurately assessing the hazards of HMs to soil enzyme activity.
Impact of Fe and Ni/Fe nanoparticles on biodegradation of phenol by the strain Bacillus fusiformis (BFN) at various pH values
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2013.03.018
Abstract: The Bacillus fusiformis (BFN) strain and its biodegradation of phenol when iron-based nanoparticles such as nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Ni/Fe nanoparticles (Ni/Fe) were present at different pH values (6.0, 8.0, and 3.0) were investigated. The growth of BFN and its biodegradation of phenol accelerated in the presence of nZVI and Ni/Fe both at pH 8.0 and pH 6.0. The H2 generated by the corrosion of iron can be used as an electron donor and source of energy for growing BFN. However, only nZVI improved the biodegradation of phenol at pH 3.0, which is most likely due to the increasing medium pH value resulting from the generation of OH(-) as a result of iron corrosion. The images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) demonstrated that these iron-based nanoparticles adhered to the surface of BFN, but no significant change in the morphology of BFN was observed.
Mixtures of environmental pollutants: Effects on microorganisms and their activities in soils
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8011-3_3
Abstract: Soil is the ultimate sink for most contaminants and rarely has only a single contaminant. More than is generally acknowledge, environmental pollutants exist as mixtures (organic-organic, inorganic-inorganic, and organic-inorganic). It is much more difficult to study chemical mixtures than in idual chemicals, especially in the complex soil environment. Similarly, understanding the toxicity of a chemical mixture on different microbial species is much more complex, time consuming and expensive, because multiple testing designs are needed for an increased array of variables. Therefore, until now, scientific enquiries worldwide have extensively addressed the effects of only in idual pollutants toward nontarget microorganisms. In this review, we emphasize the present status of research on (i) the environmental occurrence of pollutant mixtures (ii) the interactions between pollutant mixtures and ecologically beneficial microorganisms and (iii) the impact of such interactions on environmental quality. We also address the limitations of traditional cultivation based methods for monitoring the effects of pollutant mixtures on microorganisms. Long-term monitoring of the effects of pollutant mixtures on microorganisms, particularly in soil and aquatic ecosystems, has received little attention. Microbial communities that can degrade or can degrade or can develop tolerance to, or are inhibited by chemical mixtures greatly contribute to resilience and resistance in soil environments. We also stress in this review the important emerging trend associated with the employment of molecular methods for establishing the effects of pollutant mixtures on microbial communities. There is currently a lack of sufficient cogent toxicological data on chemical mixtures for making informed decision making in risk assessment by regulators. Therefore, not only more toxicology information on mixtures is needed but also there is an urgent need to generate sufficient, suitable, and long-term modeling data that have higher predictability when assessing pollutant mixture effects on microorganisms. Such data would improve risk assessment at contaminated sites and would help devise more effective bioremediation strategies.
Chapter 3 Bioavailability: Definition, assessment and implications for risk assessment
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Coupling a Diamine-Based Absorption with Fly Ash Triggered Amine Regeneration: An Integrated Carbon Capture and Mineralisation Process with High Efficiency and Low Energy Consumption
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3365719
Drivers of asymmetrical insect invasions between three world regions
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 15-01-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523858
Abstract: The geographical exchange of non-native insects can be highly asymmetrical, with some world regions ‘exporting’ or ‘importing’ more species than others. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain such asymmetries, including differences in propagule pressure, environmental features in recipient regions, or biological traits of invaders. We tested aspects of these hypotheses in the context of the exchange of non-native insects between North America, Europe, and Australasia. Europe was the dominant exporter of non-native insect species between the three regions, with most of this asymmetry arising prior to 1950. The European dominance could not be explained by differences in import value, source species pool sizes, or native plant richness in the recipient regions. We identified that the introduction of non-native plants, driven in part by European colonization, best explains the asymmetrical exchange of non-native insects between our focal regions.
Toxicity of organoclays to microbial processes and earthworm survival in soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2012.11.061
Abstract: Organoclays have wide spread application in environmental remediation and nanocomposites synthesis. Some of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) commonly used to prepare organoclays are toxic to biota. However, information on the toxicity of organoclays is rarely available in the literature. This study assessed the toxicity of three laboratory prepared bentonite organoclays on the soil microbially mediated processes (such as dehydrogenase activity and potential nitrification) and soil inhabiting animals, such as earthworms. Toxicity to both microbial processes and earthworm followed the order: hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite>octadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite>arquad modified bentonite>unmodified bentonite. The organoclays were able to cause slight improvement (up to 25%) in the potential nitrification in some soils when they were added at low application rates up to 5%, but caused reduction (3-86%) in the dehydrogenase activity in all the soils irrespective of loading rates. The organoclays were extremely toxic to the survival and vigour of the earthworms. The average body weight loss of the worms reached as high as 62% in hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite treated soil even at 1% loading. This study holds utmost importance in assessing the toxicity of organoclays to soil microbially mediated processes and earthworms.
Remediation of hexavalent chromium through adsorption by bentonite based Arquad® 2HT-75 organoclays
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.06.110
Abstract: Unlike hydrophobic organic pollutants, the potential of organoclays to adsorb inorganic ionic contaminants is relatively underexplored. The present study attempts to characterise bentonite (QB) based organoclays synthesised from a commercially available, low-cost alkyl ammonium surfactant Arquad® 2HT-75 (Aq) and test their ability to adsorb hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in aqueous solution. XRD, FTIR and TGA characterisation techniques prove successful modification of the bentonite structure and reveal that higher surfactant loadings gives rise to more ordered surfactant conformation in the organoclays. The zeta potential values indicate that higher surfactant loadings also create positive charges on the organoclay surfaces. Detailed isothermal and kinetic studies show that the organoclays effectively remove hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from aqueous solution by both physical and chemical adsorption processes. Higher surfactant loadings provide better adsorption efficiency. The adsorption performance is reasonably efficient under the levels of pH, temperature, electrolyte concentration and natural organic matter concentration that generally prevail in contaminated soil and water. This study shows that organoclay sorbents offer good potential for remediating Cr (VI) under real environmental conditions.
Remediation of metalliferous mines, revegetation challenges and emerging prospects in semi-arid and arid conditions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-016-7372-Z
Abstract: Understanding plant behaviour in polluted soils is critical for the sustainable remediation of metal-polluted sites including abandoned mines. Post-operational and abandoned metal mines particularly in semi-arid and arid zones are one of the major sources of pollution by soil erosion or plant hyperaccumulation bringing ecological impacts. We have selected from the literature 157 species belonging to 50 families to present a global overview of 'plants under action' against heavy metal pollution. Generally, all species of plants that are drought, salt and metal tolerant are candidates of interest to deal with harsh environmental conditions, particularly at semi-arid and arid mine sites. Pioneer metallophytes namely Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex semibaccata, Salsola kali, Phragmites australis and Medicago sativa, representing the taxonomic orders Caryophyllales, Poales and Fabales are evaluated in terms of phytoremediation in this review. Phytoremediation processes, microbial and algal bioremediation, the use and implication of tissue culture and biotechnology are critically examined. Overall, an integration of available remediation plant-based technologies, referred to here as 'integrated remediation technology,' is proposed to be one of the possible ways ahead to effectively address problems of toxic heavy metal pollution. Graphical abstract Integrated remediation technology (IRT) in metal-contaminated semi-arid and arid conditions. The hexagonal red line represents an IRT concept based on remediation decisions by combination of plants and microbial processes.
A pyrosequencing-based analysis of microbial diversity governed by ecological conditions in the Winogradsky column
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11274-015-1861-Y
Abstract: The Winogradsky column is used as a microcosm to mimic both the microbial ersity and the ecological relationships between the organisms in lake sediments. In this study, a pyrosequencing approach was used to obtain a more complete list of the microbial organisms present in such columns and their ratios in different layers of this microcosm. Overall, 27 different phyla in these columns were detected in these columns, most (20 phyla) belonged to bacteria. Based on this study, Proteobacteria (mostly Sphingomonadales), Cyanobacteria (mostly Oscillatoriales) and Bacteroidetes (mostly Flavobacteriales) were the dominant microorganisms in the water, middle, and bottom layers of this column, respectively. Although the majority of organism in the water layer were photoautotrophic organisms, the ratio of the phototrophic organisms decreased in the lower layers, replaced by chemoheterotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, the proportion of aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria was greater in the higher layers of the column in comparison to the bottom. The green and purple sulfur phototrophic bacteria inhabited the bottom and middle of these columns, with none of them found in the water layer. Although the sulfur oxidizing bacteria were the dominant chemolithotrophic bacteria in the water layer, their ratio decreases in lower layers, being replaced with nitrogen oxidizing bacteria in the middle and bottom layers. Overall, the microbial population of these layers changes from a phototrophic and aerobic chemoheterotrophic organisms in the water layer to a mostly anaerobic chemoheterotrophic population of bacteria in the bottom layers.
Anaerobic biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by sulfate-reducing cultures enriched from contaminated freshwater lake sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Biodiversity and ecosystem services: lessons from nature to improve management of planted forests for REDD-plus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2014
Correction to: Degradation of four pesticides in five urban landscape soils: human and environmental health risk assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-06-2023
Atrazine and simazine degradation in Pennisetum rhizosphere
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2004
Multiwall carbon nanotubes increase the microbial community in crude oil contaminated fresh water sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.09.031
Abstract: Since crude oil contamination is one of the biggest environmental concerns, its removal from contaminated sites is of interest for both researchers and industries. In situ bioremediation is a promising technique for decreasing or even eliminating crude oil and hydrocarbon contamination. However, since these compounds are potentially toxic for many microorganisms, high loads of contamination can inhibit the microbial community and therefore reduce the removal rate. Therefore, any strategy with the ability to increase the microbial population in such circumstances can be of promise in improving the remediation process. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes were employed to support microbial growth in sediments contaminated with crude oil. Following spiking of fresh water sediments with different concentrations of crude oil alone and in a mixture with carbon nanotubes for 30days, the microbial profiles in these sediments were obtained using FLX-pyrosequencing. Next, the ratios of each member of the microbial population in these sediments were compared with those values in the untreated control sediment. This study showed that combination of crude oil and carbon nanotubes can increase the ersity of the total microbial population. Furthermore, these treatments could increase the ratios of several microorganisms that are known to be effective in the degradation of hydrocarbons.
Zinc-arsenic interactions in soil: Solubility, toxicity and uptake
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.08.093
Abstract: Arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn) are common co-contaminants in mining impacted soils. Their interaction on solubility and toxicity when present concurrently is not well understood in natural systems. The aim of this study was to observe their interaction in solubility (soil-solution), bioaccumulation (shoot uptake) and toxicity to cucumber (Cucumis sativa L) conducting 4 weeks pot study in 5 different soils spiked with As (0, 2, 4, 8 to 1024 mg kg
Heavy metal impact on bacterial biomass based on DNA analyses and uptake by wild plants in the abandoned copper mine soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2009.02.043
Abstract: The metals contamination in surface soils and their accumulation in wild plants from the abandoned Burra and Kapunda copper mines located in South Australia were assessed, and the predominant bacterial ersity in the contaminated surface soils from these two abandoned copper mine sites were evaluated through polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. The results showed the average concentration of Cu in soils was 3821.59 mg/kg while wild plants accumulated up to 173.44 mg/kg. The concentration of Cu in shoots of spear grass (Stipa uitida) and berry saltbush (Afriplex semibaccata) was higher than that of roots. The concentration of total and extractable As, Cd, Cu and Pb in soils slightly correlated with of these elements in the corresponding wild plants. The toxicity of Cu in heavily contaminated soils impacted on the quantities of specific microbial populations and no significant change in the microbial ersity of highly contaminated soils.
Simultaneous removal of trichloroethylene and hexavalent chromium by green synthesized agarose-Fe nanoparticles hydrogel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Erratum to “Microbial activity and phospholipid fatty acid pattern in long-term tannery waste-contaminated soil”
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2004
Dye removal using iron–polyphenol complex nanoparticles synthesized by plant leaves
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Pore-water carbonate and phosphate as predictors of arsenate toxicity in soil
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-11-2016
Abstract: Phytotoxicity of inorganic contaminants is influenced by the presence of competing ions at the site of uptake. In this study, interaction of soil pore-water constituents with arsenate toxicity was investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L) using 10 contrasting soils. Arsenate phytotoxicity was shown to be related to soluble carbonate and phosphate. The data indicated that dissolved phosphate and carbonate had an antagonistic impact on arsenate toxicity to cucumber. To predict arsenate phytotoxicity in soils with a erse range of soil solution properties, both carbonate and phosphate were required. The relationship between arsenic and pore-water toxicity parameters was established initially using multiple regression. In addition, based on the relationship with carbonate and phosphate we successively applied a terrestrial biotic ligand-like model (BLM) including carbonate and phosphate. Estimated effective concentrations from the BLM-like parametrization were strongly correlated to measured arsenate values in pore-water (R
Effect of insecticides and phenolics on nitrogen fixation byNostoc linckia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF01705442
Abstract: Helix (H)27 of 16S ribosomal (r)RNA from Escherichia coli was dubbed the "switch helix" when mutagenesis suggested that two alternative base pair registers may have distinct functional roles in the bacterial ribosome. Although more recent genetic analyses suggest that H27 conformational switching is not required for translation, previous solution studies demonstrated that the isolated E. coli H27 can dynamically convert between the 885 and 888 conformations. Here, we have solved the nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure of a locked 888 conformation. NOE and residual dipolar coupling restraints reveal an architecture that markedly differs from that of the 885 conformation found in crystal structures of the bacterial ribosome. In place of the loop E motif that characterizes the 885 conformer and that the 888 conformer cannot adopt, we find evidence for an asymmetrical A-rich internal loop stabilized by stacking interactions among the unpaired A's. Comparison of the isolated H27 888 solution structure with the 885 crystal structure within the context of the ribosome suggests a difference in overall length of H27 that presents one plausible reason for the absence of H27 conformational switching within the sterically confining ribosome.
Challenges and complexities in remediation of uranium contaminated soils: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2018.02.018
Abstract: Uranium contamination of soil has been a major concern with respect to its toxicity, accumulation in the food chain and persistence in the environment. Owing to these problems, remediation of uranium-contaminated soils has been investigated by various techniques. This review focuses on the challenges and complexities associated with the remediation of uranium-contaminated soil at field level. Therefore, laboratory studies have been excluded from this review. Challenges faced during remediation of uranium-contaminated soil using various techniques such as microbial hyto/chemical/material based strategies have been discussed with suitable ex les. Various factors that have a major influence on uranium decontamination process in soil such as soil type, uranium speciation, the presence of coexisting ions and organics, etc., have been highlighted. This review brings out the significance of the integrated role of various factors which determine the efficiency of the uranium decontamination process.
Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 18-05-2023
DOI: 10.3897/NEOBIOTA.84.95864
Abstract: Pinus radiata (radiata pine or Monterey pine) is threatened in its native range in California and, at the same time, one of the most widely-planted tree species worldwide, especially in the southern hemisphere. It is affected by a wide range of plant-feeding insects both in its native range and in regions where it is planted as an introduced tree. In addition, there are many invasive insects that have colonised P. radiata , in some cases causing major damage. Here, our objectives were to provide a complete and up-to-date overview of all insect species recorded from P. radiata worldwide, to summarise where these insects are native and which countries or regions they have invaded, to categorise them according to their impacts as damaging species or as vectors of plant pathogens, and to examine border interceptions to determine whether pathways exist that would allow these species to enter and potentially invade additional regions. Our compilation of insects feeding on P. radiata provides a list of 649 species (and an additional 11 species identified at the genus level only). Coleoptera is the most represented order in the list (299 species), followed by Lepidoptera (224 species) and Hemiptera (65 species). We classified 28 species as high-impact, including 12 true bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), eight Lepidoptera, five other Coleoptera, two Hymenoptera and one Hemiptera. These species can cause substantial direct damage or act as vectors of highly-damaging plant pathogens. Other species cause only occasional damage, rarely requiring management (classified as ‘low-medium impact’) or they are generally benign (‘negligible impact’). Hemiptera and Scolytinae have a high proportion of species established outside their native range. The Nearctic and Neotropic regions have been invaded by the most high-impact species, mainly by species native to Europe. Border interceptions of 185 species (29% of those on our list) were recorded during import inspections between 1995–2021, indicating considerable potential for further invasions. The findings of our study can be used to identify potential high-impact invaders and the pathways that may require more phytosanitary attention. Furthermore, our analyses provide useful insights into the insect-plant interactions resulting from the global distribution of a tree species and the native and non-native insects feeding on it.
Multifunctional kaolinite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron used for the adsorption and degradation of crystal violet in aqueous solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.02.020
Abstract: Kaolinite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (K-nZVI) was successfully synthesized as a multifunctional composite and used for the degradation of crystal violet (CV). The presence of kaolinite not only decreased the aggregation of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) with maintenance of reactivity, but also facilitated reaction by increasing the local concentration of CV in the vicinity of nZVI as an adsorbent. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and batch experiments, which showed that 97.23% of CV was removed using K-nZVI, while only 78.72% and 39.22% of CV were removed using nZVI and kaolinite after 30 min, respectively. Different factors impacting on degradation of CV were investigated as well. On the basis of these results, a removal mechanism was proposed including: (i) prompt adsorption of CV to the K-nZVI phase, and (ii) reduction of CV by Fe(0) on K-nZVI. Furthermore, different adsorption and reduction kinetics were employed to examine the removal process of CV, where a better fit with the pseudo-second-order model for adsorption and pseudo-first-order model for reduction process was observed, and reduction was the rate limiting step. In addition, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated for a specific study of the important adsorption step. Finally, the application of K-nZVI to treat wastewater showed the removal efficiency higher than 99.9%.
Ecotoxicity of measured concentrations of soil-applied diesel: Effects on earthworm survival, dehydrogenase, urease and nitrification activities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Metabolomics reveals defensive mechanisms adapted by maize on exposure to high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.09.170
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are an important group of persistent organic pollutants. Using plants to remediate PAHs has been recognized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique. However, the overall impact of PAHs on the regulation of plant metabolism has not yet been explored. In this study, we analyzed the alteration in the maize (Zea mays L.) metabolome on exposure to high molecular weight PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and pyrene (PYR) in a hydroponic medium, in idually and as a mixture (BaP + PYR) using GC-MS. The differences in the metabolites were analyzed using XCMS (an acronym for various forms (X) of chromatography-mass spectrometry), an online-based data analysis tool. A significant variation in metabolites was observed between treatment groups and the unspiked control group. The univariate, multivariate and pathway impact analysis showed there were more significant alterations in metabolic profiles between in idual PAHs and the mixture of BaP and PYR. The marked changes in the metabolites of galactose metabolism and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis in PAHs treated maize leaves exhibit the adaptive defensive mechanisms for in idual and PAHs mixture. Therefore, the metabolomics approach is essential for an understanding of the complex biochemical responses of plants to PAHs contaminants. This knowledge will shed new light in the field of phytoremediation, bio-monitoring, and environmental risk assessment.
Energy requirements and efficiency of energy utilization in growing dairy goats of different sexes
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 2020
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex on the requirements for maintenance and efficiency of energy utilization in growing Saanen goats. A database from 7 comparative slaughter studies that included 238 Saanen goats was gathered to provide information for the development of prediction equations of energy requirements for maintenance and efficiency of energy utilization. The experimental design provided different levels of metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and empty body weight (EBW). The data were analyzed so that sex (e.g., intact males, castrated males, and females n = 98, 80, and 60, respectively) was a fixed effect, and blocks nested in the studies and goat sex were random effects. For the development of linear and nonlinear equations, we used the MIXED and NLMIXED procedures in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Nonlinear regression equations were developed to predict heat production (HP, kcal/kg
Chemicals/materials of emerging concern in farmlands: sources, crop uptake and potential human health risks
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2EM00322H
Abstract: Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from different agricultural inputs enter the farmland soils and tend to get transferred to humans through meat from grazing animals and plant produce, causing serious health concern.
Application of mathematical models and genetic algorithm to simulate the response characteristics of an ion selective electrode array for system recalibration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Bioaccumulation and Tolerance Indices of Cadmium in Wheat Plants Grown in Cadmium-Spiked Soil: Health Risk Assessment
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-12-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FENVS.2021.779588
Abstract: Farmers use wastewater for irrigation in many developing countries, for ex le Bangladesh, India, China, Sri Lanka and Vietnam because they have limited access to clean water. This study explored cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation in two spring wheat cultivars (cv. Mustang and Lancer), which were grown in different concentrations of Cd (0,1, 2, 4, and 8 mg kg −1 ) in agricultural soils. The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values were 4.21 ± 0.29 and 4.02 ± 0.95, respectively, whereas the maximum health risk index (HRI) was 3.85 ± 0.049 and 5.33 ± 0.271, respectively, for Mustang and Lancer. In other words, the malondialdehyde content increased significantly in Mustang (around five-fold) and Lancer (around four-fold) compared with the control treatment. Results revealed that Cd content was well above the acceptable limit (HRI & ) in the two cultivars when exposed to different levels of Cd stress. The tolerant cultivar (Mustang) has potential to chelate Cd in the nonedible parts of plants in variable fractions and can be used efficiently to improve growth and macro- and micro-nutrients content while reducing Cd concentration in plants in Cd-contaminated soil. It can also diminish the HRI, which may help to protect humans from Cd risks. The two cultivars’ nutrient availability and sorption capacity significantly shape their survival and adaptability under Cd stress. Based on what is documented in the current study, we can conclude that Mustang is more tolerant and poses fewer health hazards to people than Lancer because of its capacity to maintain grain macro- and micro-nutrients under Cd stress.
Structural characterisation of Arquad ® 2HT-75 organobentonites: Surface charge characteristics and environmental application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2011.08.016
Abstract: Organoclays are increasingly being used to remediate both contaminated soils and waste water. The present study was attempted to elucidate the structural evolution of bentonite based organoclays prepared from a commercially available, low-cost alkyl ammonium surfactant Arquad(®) 2HT-75. XRD, FTIR, SEM and zeta potential measurement were used to characterise the organoclays. In particular, the relationship between surface charge characteristics of the organoclays and their ability to remediate organic contaminants such as phenol and p-nitrophenol was investigated. The investigation revealed that the arrangement and conformation of surfactant molecules in the bentonite became more regular, ordered and solid-like as of Arquad(®) 2HT-75 loading increased. This also led to the formation of a positive zeta potential on the surface of organobentonites prepared with 3.57:1 and 4.75:1 surfactant-clay (w/w) ratio. The zeta potential values decreased with increasing pH of the suspension. The adsorption data of phenol and p-nitrophenol were best fitted to Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption was controlled by multiple mechanisms of partitioning, physico-sorption and chemisorption. The outcomes of this study are useful for the synthesis of low cost organobentonite adsorbents for the remediation of ionisable organic contaminants such as phenol and p-nitrophenol from waste water.
Toxicity of tri- and penta-valent arsenic, alone and in combination, to the cladoceran Daphnia carinata: The influence of microbial transformation in natural waters
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-008-9239-9
Abstract: The acute toxicity of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) alone and in combination to a cladoceran, Daphnia carinata, was studied in both cladoceran culture medium and natural water collected from a local suburban stream. As(III) was found to be more toxic than As(V) to Daphnia survival. The LC(50) values for As(III), As(V), and As(III) + As(V) were 0.554, 1.499, and 0.692 mg l(-1), respectively. Although various species of As, particularly As(III) and As(V) co-exist together in natural waters, the existing guidelines for water quality are based on in idual As species. The results of this investigation suggest that As(III) and As(V) can interact either synergistically or additively resulting in an increase in the overall toxicity of the mixture compared to in idual As species. Also, indigenous microorganisms in natural water may play a significant role in the transformation of As, thereby influencing the toxicity of As in receiving waters. This study clearly suggests that the joint action of As species should be considered in the development of water quality guidelines. To our knowledge this is the first study on the interactive effect of As(III) and As(V) to a cladoceran. Thus, this study suggests that these two species of As, when present together above 0.1 mg l(-1) concentration, are toxic to fresh water invertebrates therefore, pollution with these compounds may adversely affect natural ecosystems.
A Diamine-Based Integrated Absorption–Mineralization Process for Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Energy Savings, Fast Kinetics, and High Stability
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-10-2018
Abstract: The high energy requirement of amine regeneration and the uncertainty of safe disposal of the captured CO
Relative tolerance of a range of australian native plant species and lettuce to copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00244-010-9481-X
Abstract: The tolerance of wild flora to heavy-metal exposure has received very little research. In this study, the tolerance of four native tree species, four native grass species, and lettuce to copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) was investigated in a root-elongation study using Petri dishes. The results of these studies show a erse range of responses to Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb amongst the tested plant species. Toxicity among metals decreased in the following order: Cd ~ Cu > Pb > Zn. Metal concentrations resulting in a 50% reduction in growth (EC(50)) varied considerably, ranging from (microM) 30 (Dichanthium sericeum) to >2000 (Acacia spp.) for Cu from 260 (Lactuca sativa) to 2000 (Acacia spp.) for Zn from 27 (L. sativa) to 940 (Acacia holosericea) for Cd and from 180 (L. sativa) to >1000 (Acacia spp.) for Pb. Sensitive native plant species identified included D. sericeum, Casuarina cunninghamiana, and Austrodanthonia caespitosa. However, L. sativa (lettuce) was also among the most sensitive to all four metals. Acacia species showed a high tolerance to metal exposure, suggesting that the Acacia genus shows potential for use in contaminated-site revegetation.
A Comprehensive Review of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by Bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12010-015-1603-5
Abstract: Hydrocarbons are relatively recalcitrant compounds and are classified as high-priority pollutants. However, these compounds are slowly degraded by a large variety of microorganisms. Bacteria are able to degrade aliphatic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons via both aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Branched hydrocarbons and cyclic hydrocarbons are also degraded by bacteria. The aerobic bacteria use different types of oxygenases, including monooxygenase, cytochrome-dependent oxygenase and dioxygenase, to insert one or two atoms of oxygen into their targets. Anaerobic bacteria, on the other hand, employ a variety of simple organic and inorganic molecules, including sulphate, nitrate, carbonate and metals, for hydrocarbon oxidation.
Linkages between plant rhizosphere and animal gut environments: Interaction effects of pesticides with their microbiomes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Toxicity of antimony in 18 soils of China evaluated by soil dehydrogenase activity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-04-2022
DOI: 10.1002/SAJ2.20387
Abstract: Antimony (Sb) contamination has attracted global attention due to the elevated Sb entering the environment and threatening human health. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) has been used as a sensitive bioindicator to assess Sb toxicity. However, only total Sb content and a few types of soils were used so far, which ignored the effect of Sb adsorption characteristics and soil heterogeneity in the Sb toxicity assessment. This study used 18 soil s les varying in their properties to explore the Sb adsorption behavior and the subsequent effects on Sb toxicity using DHA as an indicator. The adsorption isotherm parameters of Sb in 18 soils showed that acidic and neutral soils favored Sb adsorption ( n a 2) over alkaline soils (1 n a 2), and the adsorption process tended to be irreversible ( R L close to 0). The solid binding force ( k L ) of Sb to alkaline soils is less than that of acidic and neutral soils therefore, alkaline soils pose a higher risk of secondary pollution. Variation partitioning analysis showed that water‐soluble Sb was the predominant factor responsible for the observed decrease in DHA. Ecological doses (ED 10 ) based on water‐soluble Sb fluctuated from 3.4 to 360 mg kg −1 in soils. Soil properties, such as pH, total phosphorus, amorphous Fe, and clay content, played a crucial role in Sb toxicity to DHA. This study highlighted the importance of water‐soluble Sb while evaluating the Sb toxicity in soils. Thus, the study is useful in risk assessment and remediation of Sb‐contaminated soils.
The Military Scandal: Its Definition, Dynamics, and Significance
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-07-2020
Abstract: Military scandals are disruptive episodes that can have long-lasting organizational consequences for military institutions. Recently, scholars who study military institutions have sought to understand this phenomenon and its significance. However, given their complexity and empirically opaque nature, military scandals are difficult to study, and a general account of this phenomenon has remained elusive. This article addresses this problem by drawing upon the growing field of scandal research to present a definition and account of the military scandal. We argue that military scandals are episodes of mediatized public moral conflict concerning transgressions involving the military institution, its members, and/or associated actors. We employ Ari Adut’s theory of public attention as a core explanation of scandal dynamics and effects and use this to argue that the military scandal phenomenon can be employed to simultaneously examine interactions and relationships between the military, the state, news media organizations, and civil society.
Multifarious activities of cellulose degrading bacteria from Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faeces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-07-2015
Self-assembling of nanocubes and nanoparticles
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 02-2014
Removal of acid red 94 and methylene blue using iron-polyphenol nanomaterials synthesized by various plant leaves: A comparison study
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 02-2014
Decoloration of acid violet red B by bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron: Reactivity, characterization, kinetics and reaction pathway
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Evaluation of nineteen food wastes for essential and toxic elements
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2017
Green synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticle using mango peel extract and surface characterization using XPS and GC-MS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Sonochemical destruction of chloroform by using low frequency ultrasound in batch and flow cell
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-02-2010
DOI: 10.1080/10934520903539390
Abstract: Ultrasound assisted environmental remediation is emerging as a viable technology to remove organic pollutants. In this study, the potential of low frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) to remediate chloroform contaminated waters (demineralised water and groundwater) in batch and flow cell treatment was evaluated. The results show that approx. 8 mg/L of chloroform was completely mineralized within 60 min in batch as well as flow cell treatments in both waters. However, flow cell treatment was superior to the batch mode for demineralised water in contrast to the groundwater for which there was no appreciable difference between batch and flow cell modes during initial 30 min. The presence of dissolved organic carbon, higher total dissolved solid content and any other co-contaminants might have contributed to the slower rate of chloroform destruction in the groundwater compared to the demineralised water. This study demonstrates the potential of low frequency ultrasound for remediation of chloroform contaminated waters.
Green fluorescent protein based whole cell bacterial biosensor for the detection of bioavailable heavy metals in soil environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Assessment of biological and biochemical indicators in soil under transgenic Bt and non-Bt cotton crop in a sub-tropical environment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-08-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-008-0508-Y
Abstract: There is concern that transgenic Bt-crops carry genes that could have undesirable effects on natural and agro-ecosystem functions. We investigated the effect of Bt-cotton (expressing the Cry 1Ac protein) on several microbial and biochemical indicators in a sandy loam soil. Bt-cotton (MRC-6301Bt) and its non-transgenic near-isoline (MRC-6301) were grown in a net-house on a sandy clay loam soil. Soil and root s les were collected 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. Soil from a control (no-crop) treatment was also included. S les were analysed for microbial biomass C, N and P (MBC, MBN, MBP), total organic carbon (TOC), and several soil enzyme activities. The microbial quotient (MQ) was calculated as the ratio of MBC-to-TOC. The average of the three s ling events revealed a significant increase in MBC, MBN, MBP and MQ in the soil under Bt-cotton over the non-Bt isoline. The TOC was similar in Bt and non-Bt systems. Potential N mineralization, nitrification, nitrate reductase, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were all higher in the soil under Bt-cotton. Root dry weights were not different (P > 0.05), but root volume of Bt-cotton was higher on 90 and 120 days than that of non-Bt cotton. The time of s ling strongly affected the above parameters, with most being highest on 90 days after sowing. We concluded from the data that there were some positive or no negative effects of Bt-cotton on the studied indicators, and therefore cultivation of Bt-cotton appears to be no risk to soil ecosystem functions.
Bioaccessibility of arsenic and cadmium assessed for in vitro bioaccessibility in spiked soils and their interaction during the Unified BARGE Method (UBM) extraction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.12.091
Abstract: Recent decades have seen a growing popularity of in vitro bioaccessibility being utilised as a screening tool in human health risk assessment. However the existing bioaccessibility studies only focus on single contaminant. Considering human are likely to ingest multi-contaminants, these contaminants could interact within human gastrointestinal tract which may lead to an increase or decrease in bioaccessibility. In this study, seven different types of soil were spiked with arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd) and aged for one year. The effects of soil properties on the bioaccessibility were examined. Moreover, the interaction between As and Cd in simulated human digestive system was studied by mixing As-spiked soil with Cd-spiked soil of the same type during bioaccessibility test. Results shows the bioaccessibility of As ranged from 40 ± 2.8 to 95 ± 1.3% in the gastric phase and 16 ± 2.0 to 96 ± 0.8% in the intestinal phase whilst a significant difference was observed between Cd gastric bioaccessibility (72 ± 4.3 to 99 ± 0.8%) and intestinal bioaccessibility (6.2 ± 0.3 to 45 ± 2.7%). Organic carbon, iron oxide and aluminium oxide were key parameters influencing the bioaccessibility of As (gastric and intestinal phases) and Cd (intestinal phase). No interactions between As and Cd during bioaccessibility test were observed in any soils, which indicates As and Cd may age independently and did not interact while being solubilised during bioaccessibility test. Thus additive effect may be proposed when estimating the bioaccessibility of mixtures of independently-aged As and Cd in soils.
Sensitivity and Antioxidant Response of Chlorella sp. MM3 to Used Engine Oil and Its Water Accommodated Fraction
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00128-016-1817-4
Abstract: We exposed the microalgal strain, Chlorella sp. MM3, to unused or used engine oil, or their water accommodated fractions (WAFs) to determine growth inhibition and response of antioxidant enzymes. Oil type and oil concentration greatly affected the microalgal growth. Used oil at 0.04 % (0.4 g L(-1)) resulted in 50 % inhibition in algal growth, measured in terms of chlorophyll-a, while the corresponding concentration of unused oil was nontoxic. Similarly, used oil WAF showed significant toxicity to the algal growth at 10 % level, whereas WAF from unused oil was nontoxic even at 100 % concentration. Peroxidase enzyme in the microalga significantly increased with used oil at concentrations above 0.04 g L(-1) whereas the induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase was apparent only at 0.06 g L(-1). Activities of the antioxidant enzymes increased significantly when the microalga was exposed to 75 and 100 % WAF obtained from used oil. The used oil toxicity on microalga could be due to the presence of toxic soluble mono- and polyaromatic compounds, heavy metals, and other compounds attained by the oil during its use in the motor engines.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine foodstuffs in Australia: Residue levels and contamination status of PBDEs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2011.06.002
Abstract: Edible marine products (n=24) collected from the fish markets in Adelaide, Australia, were analysed for the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The total concentration of 11 PBDE congeners found in the marine products ranged from 1.01 to 45 ng/g fresh weight. Among the s les analysed, imported silver fish and prawns from Vietnam and Thailand respectively, recorded the highest ∑PBDEs concentrations (45.10 and 43.29 ng/g fresh weight) as against 13.08 and 12.57 ng/g fresh weight in Australian king prawns and Gar fish. BDE-209 was the most dominant congener in the marine products followed by BDE-47, 99 and 100. The calculated average daily intakes of ∑PBDEs per day for an adult male and female (19 or more years old) were 1026.8 and 1188.4 ng/kg per day, respectively. This study clearly shows that the dietary exposure to marine foods can contribute to PBDEs accumulation in human body.
Influence of nutrient mixtures on p-nitrophenol degradation by Stenotrophomonas sp. isolated from groundwater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.707861
Abstract: We isolated strain CERAR5, a Stenotrophomonas sp., from an aquifer contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons that utilizes up to 1.0 mM PNP within 62 h in M9 medium as a source of carbon and nitrogen. To assess the potential of this strain for use in bioremediation, we investigated the influence of external sources of carbon and nitrogen on bacterial degradation of PNP following a full factorial design analysis. Glucose, sodium acetate, phenol, sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride were the factors chosen, while per cent removal of PNP, growth of the bacterial strain, and change in pH of the medium were the responses measured. Glucose and acetate had significant positive influence on the removal PNP. In particular, acetate exhibited a significant positive effect on all the three responses measured, clearly suggesting that the addition of acetate greatly contributes to an efficient bioremediation of habitats contaminated with PNP by Stenotrophomonas sp. CERAR5.
Identifying new associations between invasive aphids and Pinaceae trees using plant sentinels in botanic gardens
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2018
Interactive effects of PAHs and heavy metal mixtures on oxidative stress in Chlorella sp. MM3 as determined by artificial neural network and genetic algorithm
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Persistence of the parabens in soil and their potential toxicity to earthworms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Managing long-term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils: a risk-based approach
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-11-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-2270-0
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of contaminants that consist of two or more aromatic rings fused together. Soils contaminated with PAHs pose significant risk to human and ecological health. Over the last 50 years, significant research has been directed towards the cleanup of PAH-contaminated soils to background level. However, this achieved only limited success especially with high molecular weight compounds. Notably, during the last 5-10 years, the approach to remediate PAH-contaminated soils has changed considerably. A risk-based prioritization of remediation interventions has become a valuable step in the management of contaminated sites. The hydrophobicity of PAHs underlines that their phase distribution in soil is strongly influenced by factors such as soil properties and ageing of PAHs within the soil. A risk-based approach recognizes that exposure and environmental effects of PAHs are not directly related to the commonly measured total chemical concentration. Thus, a bioavailability-based assessment using a combination of chemical analysis with toxicological assays and nonexhaustive extraction technique would serve as a valuable tool in risk-based approach for remediation of PAH-contaminated soils. In this paper, the fate and availability of PAHs in contaminated soils and their relevance to risk-based management of long-term contaminated soils are reviewed. This review may serve as guidance for the use of site-specific risk-based management methods.
Environmental application and ecological significance of nano-zero valent iron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2015.07.016
Abstract: Toxicity studies considering both the bare and stabilized forms of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) could be timely, given that ecological risks identified are minimized through modification or with substitution of approaches in the synthesis, development and environmental application of the nanoparticles before succeeding to volume production. This review is focused on the fate, transport and toxicological implications of the bare nZVI and surface modified particles used for environmental applications.
Sorption-desorption of fenamiphos in surfactant-modified clays
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2004
Interaction effects of insecticide combinations on the growth ofScenedesmus bijugatus andSynechococcus elongatus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF02220794
Biodegradation of crystal violet using Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V immobilized on PVA-sodium alginate-kaolin gel beads
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2012.06.017
Abstract: The strain, Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V was immobilized on PVA-alginate-kaolin gel beads as a biomaterial to improve the degradation of crystal violet from aqueous solution. The results show that 98.6% (30 mg L(-1)) crystal violet was removed from aqueous solution using immobilized cells on PVA-alginate-kaolin gel beads, while 94.0% crystal violet was removed by free cells after degradation at the pH 5 and 30°C for 30 h. Kinetics studies show that the pseudo-second-order kinetics well described the adsorption of crystal violet on the PVA-alginate-kaolin beads. Biodegradation of crystal violet on immobilized cells was fitted well by first-order reaction kinetics, indicating that CV was adsorbed onto kaolin and followed their degradation by immobilized cells onto the the PVA-alginate-kaolin beads. Characterization with SEM shows that cells attached well to the surface of PVA-alginate-kaolin beads, leading to improved crystal violet transfer from aqueous solution to immobilized cells. In addition, UV-vis show that the absorption peak at 588 nm was reduced by the degraded N-bond linkages, as well as the formation of degrading products were observed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). These results suggest that crystal violet was biodegraded to N,N-dimethylaminophenol and Michler's Ketone prior to these intermediates being further degraded.
Potential of Melaleuca diosmifolia leaf as a low-cost adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal from contaminated water bodies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Draft genome sequence of microbacterium esteraromaticum MM1, a bacterium that hydrolyzes the organophosphorus pesticide fenamiphos, isolated from golf course soil
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 02-08-2020
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00862-18
Abstract: In this study, we report the first draft genome sequence of Microbacterium esteraromaticum MM1, isolated from golf course soil in South Australia. The genome possesses genes for the hydrolysis of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation.
Isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading, pH tolerant, N-fixing and P-solubilizing novel bacteria from manufactured gas plant (MGP) site soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DDT remediation in contaminated soils: A review of recent studies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10532-012-9575-4
Abstract: Over the past few decades significant progress has been made in research on DDT degradation in the environment. This review is an update of some of the recent studies on the degradation and biodegradation pathways of DDT and its metabolites, particularly in soils. The latest reports on human toxicity shows that DDT intake is still occurring even in countries that banned its use decades ago. Ageing, sequestration and formation of toxic metabolites during the degradation processes pose environmental challenges and result in difficulties in bioremediation of DDT contaminated soils. Degradation enhancement strategies such as the addition of chelators, low molecular organic acids, co-solvent washing and the use of sodium and seaweeds as ameliorant have been studied to accelerate degradation. This review describes and discusses the recent challenges and degradation enhancement strategies for DDT degradation by potentially cost effective procedures based on bioremediation.
Electron transport through electrically conductive nanofilaments in Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain RP2
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA08742B
Abstract: The study demonstrates the physiological induction of electrically conductive nanofilaments from a metabolically versatile, iron( iii ) respiring, photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain RP2.
Simultaneous adsorption of tri- and hexavalent chromium by organoclay mixtures topical collection on remediation of site contamination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2013
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in commercial composts, garden soils, and potting mixes of Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Assessment of bioavailability of heavy metal pollutants using soil isolates of Chlorella sp.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1799-2
Abstract: Biotests conducted with plants are presently used to estimate metal bioavailability in contaminated soils. But when plants are grown in soils, especially the plants with fine roots, root collection is easily biased and tedious. Indeed, at harvest, small amounts of soil can adhere to roots, resulting in overestimation of root metal content, and the finest roots are often discarded from the analysis because of their difficult and almost impossible recovery. This report presents a novel method for assessing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils using microalgae. Two species of green unicellular microalgae were isolated from two highly contaminated soils and identified by phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses as Chlorella sp. RBM and Chlorella sp. RHM. These two cultures were used to determine the metal uptake from metal-contaminated soils of South Australia as a novel, cost-effective, simple and rapid method for assessing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils. The suggested method is an attempt to achieve a realistic estimate of bioavailability which overcomes the inherent drawback of root metal contamination in the bioavailability indices so far reported.
Multivariate relationship among body protein, fat, and macrominerals of male and female Saanen goats using canonical correlation analysis
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 07-10-2028
Advances in the technologies for studying consortia of bacteria and cyanobacteria/microalgae in wastewaters
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-04-2019
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1597828
Abstract: The excessive generation and discharge of wastewaters have been serious concerns worldwide in the recent past. From an environmental friendly perspective, bacteria, cyanobacteria and microalgae, and the consortia have been largely considered for biological treatment of wastewaters. For efficient use of bacteria‒cyanobacteria/microalgae consortia in wastewater treatment, detailed knowledge on their structure, behavior and interaction is essential. In this direction, specific analytical tools and techniques play a significant role in studying these consortia. This review presents a critical perspective on physical, biochemical and molecular techniques such as microscopy, flow cytometry with cell sorting, nanoSIMS and omics approaches used for systematic investigations of the structure and function, particularly nutrient removal potential of bacteria‒cyanobacteria/microalgae consortia. In particular, the use of specific molecular techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics metabolomics and genetic engineering to develop more stable consortia of bacteria and cyanobacteria/microalgae with their improved biotechnological capabilities in wastewater treatment has been highlighted.
Comparison of oral bioavailability of benzo[ a ]pyrene in soils using rat and swine and the implications for human health risk assessment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2016.04.041
Abstract: There are many uncertainties concerning variations in benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) soil guidelines protecting human health based on carcinogenic data obtained in animal studies. Although swine is recognised as being much more representative of the human child in terms of body size, gut physiology and genetic profile the rat/mice model is commonly used in practice. We compare B[a]P bioavailability using a rat model to that estimated in a swine model, to investigate the correlation between these two animal models. This may help reduce uncertainty in applying bioavailability to human health risk assessment. Twelve spiked soil s les and a spiked silica sand (reference material) were dosed to rats in parallel with a swine study. B[a]P bioavailability was estimated by the area under the plasma B[a]P concentration-time curve (AUC) and faecal excretion as well in the rats. Direct comparison between the two animal models was made for: firstly, relative bioavailability (RB) using AUC assay and secondly, the two assays in the rat model. Both AUC and faecal excretion assays showed linear dose-response for the reference material. However, absolute bioavailability was significantly higher when using faecal excretion assay (p<0.001). In aged soils faecal excretion estimated based on solvent extraction was not accurate due to the form of non-extractable fraction through ageing. A significant correlation existed between the two models using RB for soil s les (RBrat=0.26RBswine+17.3, R(2)=0.70, p<0.001), despite the regression slope coefficient revealing that the rat model would underestimate RB by about one quarter compared to using swine. In the comparison employed in this study, an interspecies difference of four in RB using AUC assay was identified between the rat and swine models regarding pharmacokinetic differences, which supported the body weight scaling method recommended by US EPA. Future research should focus on the carcinogenic competency (pharmacodynamics) used in experiment animals and humans.
Passionate projects: practitioner reflections on emotion management
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 10-05-2022
DOI: 10.1108/IJMPB-08-2021-0208
Abstract: The fundamental challenge for project management is dealing with people and their feelings. While there has been sporadic attention to the importance of emotions in project work, project management practices tend to neglect the role of emotions and emotional reflexivity. The authors use a symbolic interaction framework to present an in-depth exploration of emotions and emotional reflexivity in projects. Empirical data was gathered in 19 semi-structured interviews with erse project managers to assess their experience of emotion (15 male, 4 female, early 20s to late 50s, 3–38 years of expertise). Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed using a sociology of emotions informed, grounded theory, interactional framework. The data revealed that emotional states are framed by factors specific to project management, including organisational change, project constraints and dealing with stakeholders. Explicitly managing emotions improved team engagement and project performance by acting as a catalyst for engaging in reflective practice and intuitive decision making. Given the widely held misconceptions of emotion as maladaptive, project management education must focus on empathy in communication and leadership if practitioners are to master valuable soft skills. Techniques for emotional reflection and learning feeling lessons must be incorporated into practice. The authors contribute to the emerging understanding that emotions matter in project management. The authors demonstrate the centrality of emotions in projects and the substantial impact they have on the wellbeing of practitioners and staff. Emotional reflexivity in practice, which is widely acknowledged yet tends to be ignored, is an essential part of the project manager's toolkit.
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of iron in soil microalgae
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2016
Stress responses and specific metal exclusion on mine soils based on germination and growth studies by Australian golden wattle
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Competitive sorption of cadmium and zinc in contrasting soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Predicting sapstain and degrade in fallen trees following storm damage in a Pinus radiata forest
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Toxicity of phenol and three nitrophenols towards growth and metabolic activities ofNostoc linckia, isolated from soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF01183881
Chapter 5 Bioavailability of sorbed pesticides to bacteria: An overview
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) but not perflurorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at ppb concentration induces chronic toxicity in Daphnia carinata
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
The Washback of the TOEFL iBT in Vietnam
Publisher: Edith Cowan University
Date: 07-2016
Dechlorination of p-chlorophenol from aqueous solution using bentonite supported Fe/Pd nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and kinetics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Anaerobic Degradation of Naphthalene and Pyrene by Sulfate-Reducing Cultures Enriched from Former Manufactured Gas Plant Soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00248-022-02042-4
Abstract: Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under completely anaerobic sulfate-reducing conditions is an energetically challenging process. To date, anaerobic degradations of only two-ringed naphthalene and three-ringed phenanthrene by sediment-free and enriched sulfate-reducing bacteria have been reported. In this study, sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures capable of degrading naphthalene and four-ringed PAH, pyrene, were enriched from a contaminated former gas plant site soil. Bacterial community composition analysis revealed that a naphthalene-degrading enrichment culture, MMNap, was dominated (84.90%) by a Gram-positive endospore-forming member of the genus Desulfotomaculum with minor contribution (8.60%) from a member of Clostridium . The pyrene-degrading enrichment, MMPyr, was dominated (97.40%) by a species of Desulfotomaculum . The sequences representing the Desulfotomaculum phylotypes shared 98.80% similarity to each other. After 150 days of incubation, MMNap degraded 195 µM naphthalene with simultaneous reduction of sulfate and accumulation of sulfide. Similarly, MMPyr degraded 114 µM pyrene during 180 days of incubation with nearly stochiometric sulfate consumption and sulfide accumulation. In both cases, the addition of sulfate reduction inhibitor, molybdate (20 mM), resulted in complete cessation of the substrate utilization and sulfate reduction that clearly indicated the major role of the sulfate-reducing Desulfotomaculum in biodegradation of the two PAHs. This study is the first report on anaerobic pyrene degradation by a matrix-free, strictly anaerobic, and sulfate-reducing enrichment culture.
Potential of acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, in heavy metal removal and biodiesel production at acidic pH
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.01.053
Abstract: Metals in traces are vital for microalgae but their occurrence at high concentrations in habitats is a serious ecological concern. We investigated the potential of two acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, isolated from neutral environments, for simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), and production of biodiesel when grown at pH 3.5. Excepting Cu, the selected metals at concentrations of 10-20 mg L
Actively facilitated permeable reactive barrier for remediation of TCE from a low permeability aquifer: Field application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation potential of a new acid tolerant, diazotrophic P-solubilizing and heavy metal resistant bacterium Cupriavidus sp. MTS-7 isolated from long-term mixed contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2016.07.052
Abstract: An isolate of Cupriavidus (strain MTS-7) was identified from a long-term PAHs and heavy metals mixed contaminated soil with the potential to biodegrade both LMW and HMW PAHs with added unique traits of acid and alkali tolerance, heavy metal tolerance, self-nutrient assimilation by N fixation and P solubilization. This strain completely degraded the model 3 (150 mg L(-1) Phe), 4 (150 mg L(-1) Pyr) and 5 (50 mg L(-1) BaP) ring PAHs in 4, 20 and 30 days, respectively. It could mineralize 90-100% of PAHs (200 mg L(-1) of Phe and Pyr) within 15 days across pH ranging from 5 to 8 and even in the presence of toxic metal contaminations. During biodegradation, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 5 (Cu(2+)) and 3 (Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+)) mg L(-1) of the potentially bioavailable metal ions and over 17 mg L(-1) metal levels was lethal for the microbe. Further, it could fix 217-274 μg mL(-1) of N and solubilize 79-135 μg mL(-1) of P while PAHs degradation. MTS-7 as a superior candidate could be thus used in the enhanced bioaugmentation and/or phytoremediation of long-term mixed contaminated sites.
Potentiometric detection of AFFFs based on MIP
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Toxicity and transformation of fenamiphos and its metabolites by two micro algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorococcum sp.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2008.03.022
Abstract: The acute toxicity of an organophosphorous pesticide, fenamiphos and its metabolites, fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO), fenamiphos sulfone (FSO(2)), fenamiphos phenol (FP), fenamiphos sulfoxide phenol (FSOP) and fenamiphos sulfone phenol (FSO(2)P), to the aquatic alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the terrestrial alga Chlorococcum sp. was studied. The toxicity followed the order: fenamiphos phenol>fenamiphos sulfone phenol>fenamiphos sulfoxide phenol>fenamiphos. The oxidation products of fenamiphos, FSO and FSO(2) were not toxic to the algal species up to 100 mg L(-1). Both algae were able to transform fenamiphos, FSO and FSO(2), while the phenols were found to be stable in the incubation media. Bioaccumulation of both fenamiphos and its metabolites was observed in the case of Chlorococcum sp. while only metabolites were accumulated in P. subcapitata. This study demonstrates that (i) the hydrolysis products of fenamiphos, FSOP and FSO(2)P are more toxic to both fresh water and soil algae than their parent chemicals, (ii) further fenamiphos can be transformed and bioconcentrated by these algae. Therefore, contamination of natural environments such as waterbodies with fenamiphos or its metabolites can have adverse impacts on the food chain and associated biota (especially to the primary consumers such as Daphnia) since algae are the primary producers located at the base of the food chain. Further, the finding that the fenamiphos phenols are more toxic to algae highlights the need to consider the transformation products in ecological risk assessment of fenamiphos.
Probing the role of propagule pressure, stochasticity, and Allee effects on invasion success using experimental introductions of a biological control agent
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/EEN.12979
Dispersion of zerovalent iron nanoparticles onto bentonites and use of these catalysts for orange II decolourisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Biodegradation of naphthalene using a functional biomaterial based on immobilized Bacillus fusiformis (BFN)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Sodium application enhances DDT transformation in a long-term contaminated soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2004
Determination of Trace Lead and Cadmium in Water Samples by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Nafion-Ionic Liquid-Coated Bismuth Film Electrode
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-02-2014
Microbial diversity changes with rhizosphere and hydrocarbons in contrasting soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2018.03.006
Abstract: In the ecotoxicological assessment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, microbial community profile is important aspect due to their involvement in soil functions. However, soil physicochemical properties and the inhabiting plants could dictate the microbial composition. A question remains unanswered is, how an integrated approach may be utilized to account for various contrasting soil properties, plant types (reference vs. native) and the nature of the hydrocarbon contamination. In this study, we utilized bacterial DNA profiling techniques to investigate the relationship between soil properties, contaminant and plant species. Results identified that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant bacteria of the 45 phyla identified in the hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. The bulk and rhizosphere microbiome showed that the contaminated soil originally had quite distinct bacterial communities compared to the artificially contaminated soil (mine soil = 95 genera vs. other soils = 2-29 genera). In these cases, not significantly but the native plant slightly increased bacterial ersity and relative abundance in the same soils. Also, within each site, the bacterial community was significantly altered with the hydrocarbon concentration. In this instance, the influence of the contaminant was strong and also with the soil pH and organic matter. These results would significantly contribute to the novel insights on the molecular technique-based hydrocarbon toxicity assessment and the development of the further integrative approach with other microbial community and their metabolic profile in the contaminated sites.
Toxicity of Inorganic Mercury to Native Australian Grass Grown in Three Different Soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00128-017-2096-4
Abstract: In this study, three native Australian grasses namely Iseilema membranaceum (Barcoo), Dichanthium sericeum (Queensland Blue) and Sporobolus africanus (Tussock) were grown in three different soils spiked with different concentrations of inorganic mercury and the root elongation was monitored up to 28 days following the germination. Results showed that mercury at certain concentrations significantly inhibited the root growth of all three tested native grasses grown in three soils, however, the toxicity was less in the soil with high organic carbon content and acidic pH. The calculated EC
Risk-based remediation of polluted sites: A critical perspective
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.08.043
Abstract: Sites contaminated with chemical pollutants represent a growing challenge, and remediation of such lands is of international concern. Risk-based land management (RBLM) is an emerging approach that integrates risk assessment practices with more traditional site-specific investigations and remediation activities. Developing countries are yet to adopt RBLM strategies for remediation. RBLM is considered to be practical, scientifically defensible and cost-efficient. However, it is inherently limited by: firstly, the accuracy of risk assessment models used secondly, ramifications of the fact that they are more likely to leave contamination in place and thirdly, uncertainties involved and having to consider the total concentrations of all contaminants in soils that overestimate the potential risks from exposure to the contaminants. Consideration of contaminant bioavailability as the underlying basis for risk assessment and setting remediation goals of those contaminated lands that pose a risk to environmental and human health may lead to the development of a more sophisticated risk-based approach. However, employing the bioavailability concept in RBLM has not been extensively studied and/or legalized. This review highlights the extent of global land contamination, and the concept of risk-based assessment and management of contaminated sites including its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the concept of bioavailability-based RBLM strategy has been proposed, and the challenges of RBLM and the priority areas for future research are summarized. Thus, the present review may help achieve a better understanding and successful implementation of a sustainable bioavailability-based RBLM strategy.
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) in groundwater aquifers: An overview of environmental fate, toxicity, microbial degradation and risk-based remediation approaches
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Ddt resistance and transformation by different microbial strains isolated from ddt-contaminated soils and compost materials
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2003
Cyto-genotoxicity evaluation of pyroligneous acid using Allium cepa assay
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-08-2022
DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2119741
Abstract: Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a highly oxygenated organic condensate obtained by cooling the gases generated from the pyrolysis process. PA has been used in agriculture for several years with multiple beneficial effects, including plant health and yields, pest resilience, and seed germination. It is generally applied to agricultural soils in the dilution of 1:1000 to 1:100, corresponding to 0.1-1% PA concentration. In this study, the cyto-genotoxic potential of PA to
Release behavior of triazine residues in stabilised contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2004.07.016
Abstract: This paper reports the release behavior of two triazines (atrazine and simazine) in stabilised soils from a pesticide-contaminated site in South Australia. The soils were contaminated with a range of pesticides, especially with triazine herbicides. With multiple extractions of each soil s le with deionised water (eight in total), 15% of atrazine and 4% of simazine residues were recovered, resulting in very high concentrations of the two herbicides in leachate. The presence of small fractions of surfactants was found to further enhance the release of the residues. Methanol content up to 10% did not substantially influence the concentration of simazine and atrazine released. The study demonstrated that while the stabilisation of contaminated soil with particulate activated carbon (5%) and cement mix (15%) was effective in locking the residues of some pesticides, it failed to immobilise triazine herbicides residues completely. Given the higher water solubility of these herbicides than other compounds more effective strategies to immobilise their residues is needed.
Time-course transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanisms of Burkholderia sp. adaptation to high phenol concentrations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-05-2020
Microbial diversity and hydrocarbon degrading gene capacity of a crude oil field soil as determined by metagenomics analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/BTPR.2249
Abstract: Soils contaminated with crude oil are rich sources of enzymes suitable for both degradation of hydrocarbons through bioremediation processes and improvement of crude oil during its refining steps. Due to the long term selection, crude oil fields are unique environments for the identification of microorganisms with the ability to produce these enzymes. In this metagenomic study, based on Hiseq Illumina sequencing of s les obtained from a crude oil field and analysis of data on MG-RAST, Actinomycetales (9.8%) were found to be the dominant microorganisms, followed by Rhizobiales (3.3%). Furthermore, several functional genes were found in this study, mostly belong to Actinobacteria (12.35%), which have a role in the metabolism of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (2.51%), desulfurization (0.03%), element shortage (5.6%), and resistance to heavy metals (1.1%). This information will be useful for assisting in the application of microorganisms in the removal of hydrocarbon contamination and/or for improving the quality of crude oil. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:638-648, 2016.
Staphylococcus edaphicus KCB02A11 incorporated with natural adsorbents: first report on its tolerance and removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2023
Application of Ion Selective Electrode array to simultaneously determinate multi-free ions in solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Influence ofParthenium hysterophorus L. on native soil algal flora
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF02370648
Characterization of bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles by grape leaf aqueous extract and identification of active biomolecules involved in the synthesis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.04.060
Abstract: This paper reports the detailed composition and morphology of one-step green synthesized bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) using grape leaf aqueous extract and identification of active biomolecules involved in the synthesis employing various techniques. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that Fe/Pd NPs were polydispersed and quasi-spherical with a diameter ranging from 2 to 20nm. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) provided evidence for the composition of Fe and Pd and for their species existing on the surface of Fe/Pd NPs. In addition, biomolecules in the grape leaf aqueous extract were identified but their functions are still unclear. Biomolecules in the aqueous extract such as methoxy-phenyl-oxime, N-benzoyl-2-cyano-histamine, 2-ethyl-phenol, 1,2-benzenediol, β-hydroxyquebracamine, hydroquinone, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 4-(3-hydroxybutyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen and some polyphenolic compounds were identified as reducing and capping agents, which were studied by Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), XPS and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Our finding suggests a new insight into cost-effective, simple, and environmentally benign production of bimetallic Fe/Pd NPs.
Toxicity ofParthenium hysterophorus extracts toChlorella vulgaris andSynechococcus elongatus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF02370405
Interaction effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals on a soil microalga, Chlorococcum sp. MM11
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1679-9
Abstract: Environmental risk assessment of sites contaminated with chemicals needs to also consider mixtures of chemicals as these toxicants act more differently in a mixture than when they occur alone. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the use of a full factorial design experiment to evaluate the toxicity of a quaternary mixture comprising two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (Phe)) and two heavy metals (cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)) toward a soil microalga, Chlorococcum sp. MM11. Biomass, in terms of cell number, and proline accumulation were used to evaluate toxicity responses. Factorial analysis of the data revealed statistically significant interaction effects between the mixtures of toxicants on 96-h biomass endpoint, while no significant interaction effects were observed on proline accumulation in the microalga. A comparison of the data on the toxicity of in idual chemicals and those of the factorial main effect analysis clearly showed that Cd is more toxic to the alga, followed by BaP, Pb, and Phe. There was a substantial heavy metal accumulation and PAH degradation by the strain MM11 at EC10 and EC50 of the chemical mixtures.
Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2017
Smartphone app-based/portable sensor for the detection of fluoro-surfactant PFOA
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.10.057
Abstract: We developed a smartphone app-based monitoring tool for the detection of anionic surfactants (AS), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Akin to the methylene blue active substances (MBAS), liquid-phase extraction (LPE) is employed to extract the hydrophobic ion-pair of dye (ethyl violet)-AS to an organic phase (ethyl acetate). The colour (RGB) of the organic phase is read using a smartphone camera with the help of a reading kit. The value of RGB is carefully corrected and linked to the concentration of ASs with a standard deviation of <10% in the 10-1000 ppb (part per billion) range. In order to avoid the interference arising from inorganic anions (such as those found in tap water and groundwater), the water s le is pre-treated either by solid-phase extraction (SPE), which takes ∼30 min, or by dual liquid-phase extraction (dual-LPE, developed by us), which takes ∼5 min. In the latter case, the organic phase of the first LPE (equilibrium with water s le) is transferred and subjected to a second LPE (equilibrium with Milli-Q water) to remove any potential background interference. In the meantime, SPE can also pre-concentrate ASs at 100-1000 times (in volume) to benefit the sensitivity. Consequently, our smartphone app can detect PFOA spiked in tap/groundwater with an LOD of 10 ppb (∼12 nM, dual-LPE of ∼5 min), or 0.5 ppb (∼1.2 nM, SPE of ∼3 h), suggesting that it has the potential to succeed as a pre-screening tool for on-site application and in common laboratory tests.
Low molecular weight organic acids enhance the high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation by bacteria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.01.110
Abstract: The biodegradation potential of three bacterial cultures isolated from the rhizosphere of maize (Zea mays) and Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) grown in PAHs contaminated soils to degrade benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and pyrene (PYR) was assessed. Of the three bacterial cultures isolated, two belonged to Gram-positive bacteria of phylum Actinobacteria namely Arthrobacter sp. MAL3 and Microbacterium sp. MAL2. The Gram-negative bacterial culture was Stenotrophomonas sp. MAL1, from the phylum Proteobacteria. The cultures were grown in the presence of BaP and PYR as sole carbon sources and with the addition of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) mixture. After 10-14 days of exposure, all the bacterial isolates exhibited a complete degradation of PYR with the addition of LMWOAs mixture, whereas only 38.7% of BaP was degraded by Stenotrophomonas sp. MAL1 with the addition of LMWOAs mixture. In addition, enhanced PAHs biodegradation by bacterial culture was observed when the PAHs present as mixture (BaP + PYR) with the addition of LMWOAs. Dioxygenase genes were detected in Stenotrophomonas sp. MAL1 (phnAC), and Arthrobacter sp. MAL3 (nidA and PAH-RHDα). Therefore, this study provides new insights on the influence of LMWOAs in enhancing the degradation of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in soil by rhizosphere bacterial cultures.
The potential of mercury resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria as effective biosorbents to remove mercury from contaminated areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOP) to degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
Publisher: Sycamore Global Publications
Date: 2017
Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been recently listed as emerging contaminants (ECs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their human and environmental health concerns. In the last 10 years, their detection and remediation have progressed significantly. Herein, we critically review recent developments in electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) towards their remediation. Particular attentions are paid to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which present the main concerns of PFASs at this time. Due to the persistence of those PFASs, other remediation approaches may experience difficulty in degrading them, whilst EAOP has demonstrated success. The fundamentals of EAOP are highlighted and the scale-up application is discussed regarding the future research directions.
Toxicity of carbofuran to soil isolates of Chlorella vulgaris, Nostoc linckia and N. muscorum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00205068
Genotoxicity assessment of acute exposure of 2, 4-dinitroanisole, its metabolites and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene to Daphnia carinata
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10646-016-1709-8
Abstract: The insensitive munition ingredient, 2, 4-dinitroanisole has emerged as an alternative ingredient to 2, 4, 6-trinitro toluene in melt pourable high explosive formulations mainly due to its improved insensitiveness properties. As a result, production of 2, 4-dinitroanisole has increased and as a consequence 2, 4-dinitroanisole has emerged as a potential ingredient to enter the environment and possibly persist in water and soil ecosystems. The present study showed that 2, 4-dinitroanisole, its metabolites (2-amino 4-nitroanisole and 2,4-dinitroanisole) and 2, 4, 6-trinitro toluene were found to induce DNA damages in a freshwater crustacean Daphnia carinata exposed for 48 h and which was investigated by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) method. The value of LC
How different are the arsenic fractions inhibit alkaline phosphatases on aggregates scale?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Additives of plastics: Entry into the environment and potential risks to human and ecological health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Reduction of polyatomic interferences during ion-chromatographic speciation of metal ions via their EDTA complexes along with ICP-MS detection using an octopole reaction system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2010
Cultivation of Chlorella on brewery wastewater and nano-particle biosynthesis by its biomass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.03.154
Abstract: This study investigated an integrated and sustainable approach for iron nanoparticles synthesis using Chlorella sp. MM3 biomass produced from the remediation of brewery wastewater. The algal growth characteristics, biomass production, nutrient removal, and nanoparticle synthesis including its characterisation were studied to prove the above approach. The growth curve of Chlorella depicted lag and exponential phase characteristics during the first 4days in a brewery wastewater collected from a single batch of brewing process (single water s le) indicating the growth of algae in brewery wastewater. The pollutants such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total organic carbon in single water s le were completely utilised by Chlorella for its growth. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra showed peaks at 706.56eV, 727.02eV, 289.84eV and 535.73eV which corresponded to the zero-valent iron, iron oxides, carbon and oxygen respectively, confirming the formation of iron nanoparticle capped with algal biomolecules. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis confirmed the presence of spherical shaped iron nanoparticles of size ranging from 5 to 50nm. To our knowledge, this is the first report on nanoparticle synthesis using the biomass generated from phycoremediation of brewery wastewater.
Bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms and their activities in soil: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
Influence of rice straw amendment on persistence and algal toxicity of p-nitrophenol in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1993
Parabens generate reactive oxygen species in human spermatozoa
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-05-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ANDR.12499
Abstract: Parabens are used as antimicrobial preservative agent in many commercial products including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Weak oestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities have been attributed to parabens in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, human spermatozoa were exposed to different concentrations of an equimolar paraben mixture containing methyl, ethyl, propyl and butylparaben as well as to methylparaben alone at a concentration that is typical of commercially available vaginal lubricants. The induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage was then assessed at different time points. Our results demonstrate that the paraben mixture was capable of stimulating the generation of mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting sperm motility and viability in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of in idual parabens to activate ROS generation and induce oxidative DNA damage was related to alkyl chain length. At the concentration used clinically, methylparaben inhibited sperm motility after both 2 and 5 h exposure (p < 0.05) and affected cell viability (p < 0.01) while augmenting ROS production and oxidative DNA damage. However, DNA fragmentation was not evident following methylparaben exposure. Based on these results, we conclude that, at the concentrations used in commercially available formulations, parabens may impair sperm motility, enhance the generation of mitochondrial ROS and stimulate the formation of oxidative DNA adducts. Taken together, these data underline the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic impact of such compounds in a clinical setting.
Capture and characterisation of microplastics printed on paper via laser printer's toners
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Soil amendments with ethylene precursor alleviate negative impacts of salinity on soil microbial properties and productivity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-43305-4
Abstract: Some microbes enhance stress tolerance in plants by minimizing plant ethylene levels via degradation of its immediate precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), in the rhizosphere. In return, ACC is used by these microbes as a source of nitrogen. This mutualistic relationship between plants and microbes may be used to promote soil properties in stressful environments. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that amendments of ACC in soils reshape the structure of soil microbiome and alleviate the negative impacts of salinity on soil properties. We treated non-saline and artificially-developed saline soils with ACC in different concentrations for 14 days. The structure of soil microbiome, soil microbial properties and productivity were examined. Our results revealed that microbial composition of bacteria, archaea and fungi in saline soils was affected by ACC amendments whereas community composition in non-saline soils was not affected. The amendments of ACC could not fully counteract the negative effects of salinity on soil microbial activities and productivity, but increased the abundance of ACC deaminase-encoding gene ( acdS ), enhanced soil microbial respiration, enzymatic activity, nitrogen and carbon cycling potentials and Arabidopsis biomass in saline soils. Collectively, our study indicates that ACC amendments in soils could efficiently ameliorate salinity impacts on soil properties and plant biomass production.
Fate of 1-(1',4'-cyclohexadienyl)-2-methylaminopropane (CMP) in soil: Route-specific by-product in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2011.11.023
Abstract: We investigated the fate of 1-(1',4'-cyclohexadienyl)-2-methylaminopropane (CMP) in soil. CMP is the major route-specific byproduct in the clandestine manufacture of meth hetamine (MAP) by the use of excess alkali metal (e.g., lithium) in liquid ammonia, which is commonly referred to as the "Nazi method". This is one of the most common methods used in many countries for the illicit production of MAP. Knowledge on the fate of CMP in the terrestrial environment is essential to combat potential threats arising from illegal dumping of clandestine laboratory wastes. We report on the sorption-desorption, degradation, and metabolism patterns of CMP in three South Australian soils investigated in laboratory scale. CMP sorption in the test soils followed a Freundlich isotherm in the concentration range of 5 to 100μgmL(-1). Degradation studies showed that CMP was fairly unstable in both non-sterile and sterile soils, with half-life values typically less than one week. The role of biotic and abiotic soil processes in the degradation of CMP also varied significantly between the different soils, and with the length of the incubation period. Interestingly, but not surprisingly, the results showed that the CMP was not actually degraded to any simpler compounds but transformed to more persistent MAP. Thus, the main concern with Nazi method is the potential hazard from MAP rather than CMP if wastes are disposed of into the environment.
Chronic PFOS exposure alters the expression of neuronal development-related human homologues in Eisenia fetida
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2014.09.017
Abstract: PFOS is a toxic, persistent environmental pollutant which is widespread worldwide. PFOS contamination has entered the food chain and is interfering with normal development in man and is neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and tumorigenic. The earthworm, Eisenia fetida is one of the organisms which can help to diagnose soil health and contamination at lower levels in the food chain. Studying the chronic effects of sub-lethal PFOS exposure in such an organism is therefore appropriate. As PFOS bioaccumulates and is not easily biodegraded, it is biomagnified up the food chain. Gene expression studies will give us information to develop biomarkers for early diagnosis of soil contamination, well before this contaminant passes up the food chain. We have carried out mRNA sequencing of control and chronically PFOS exposed E. fetida and reconstructed the transcripts in silico and identified the differentially expressed genes. Our findings suggest that PFOS up/down regulates neurodegenerative-related human homologues and can cause neuronal damage in E. fetida. This information will help to understand the links between neurodegenerative disorders and environmental pollutants such as PFOS. Furthermore, these up/down regulated genes can be used as biomarkers to detect a sub-lethal presence of PFOS in soil. Neuronal calcium sensor-2, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, polyadenylate-binding protein-1 and mitochondrial Pyruvate dehydrogenase protein-X component, could be potential biomarkers for sub lethal concentrations of PFOS.
Combined inorganic nitrogen sources influence the release of extracellular compounds that drive mutualistic interactions in microalgal‒bacterial co-cultures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10811-022-02711-4
Abstract: We investigated the role of extracellular metabolites released during mutualistic interactions in co-cultures of a microalga, Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 or Coelastrella sp. IS3, and a bacterium, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, grown with varying levels of NO 3 –N and NH 4 –N. Both NO 3 –N and NH 4 –N were added to modified Bold’s basal medium at 16:0, 12:4, 8:8 4:12 and 0:16 molar ratios by keeping a final N:P ratio of 16:1. Monocultures of microalgae grown with nitrate alone showed enhanced growth ( twofold) than ammonium, while the bacterial strain cultured with ammonium alone exhibited a 1.3-fold increase in growth than nitrate. Co-culturing performed higher growth at combined nitrate and ammonium supply as compared to the single cultures. The same ratio of nitrate and ammonium resulted in superior growth of microalgae ( 1.7-fold) and the bacterium ( 4.1-fold) as compared to the monocultures. Uptake of NO 3 –N, NH 4 –N and PO 4 –P by monocultures or co-cultures depended on the ratio of two inorganic nitrogen sources used. The composition of organic acids, amino acids and simple sugars in exudates from monocultures varied with the ratios of nitrate and ammonium in the medium. Thus, the present novel study demonstrates that the release of exudates is affected both qualitatively and quantitatively during mutualistic interactions in microalgal‒bacterial co-cultures under the impact of inorganic nitrogen sources. Our results suggest that the variables such as inorganic nitrogen sources and extracellular metabolites released need to be considered while using co-cultures for effective bioremediation of wastewaters.
Bioremediation of DDT-contaminated soil: Enhancement by seaweed addition
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2004
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.1032
Arsenic resistance genes of As‐resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria isolated from As‐contaminated sites for bioremediation application
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2017
Abstract: This study aimed to identify arsenic resistant mechanisms in As-resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) by screening them for presence of As-resistance genes and related enzymes. Resistance to As(III) and As(V) of four As-resistant PNSB determined in terms of median inhibition concentration (IC
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on student supervision and education in health care settings: A state‐wide survey of health care workers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-02-2023
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12969
Abstract: To investigate student supervisor experiences of supervising students on clinical placements since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Studies on the impact of COVID‐19 on student clinical placements have focused largely on student reports and have been specific to in idual professions or topic areas. There is a need to investigate student supervisor experiences. This study was conducted in Queensland (Australia) in four regional and rural public health services and four corresponding primary health networks. The anonymous, mixed methods online survey, consisting of 35 questions, was administered to student supervisors from allied health, medicine, nursing and midwifery between May and August 2021. Numerical data were analysed descriptively using chi‐square tests. Free‐text comments were analysed using content analysis. Complete datasets were available for 167 respondents. Overall trends indicated perceived significant disruptions to student learning and support, plus mental health and well‐being concerns for both students and supervisors. Extensive mask wearing was noted to be a barrier to building rapport, learning and teaching. Some positive impacts of the pandemic on student learning were also noted. This study has highlighted the perceived impact of the pandemic on supervisors' mental health, and on the mental health, learning and work readiness of students. This study provides evidence of the pandemic impacts on student clinical placements from a supervisor point of view. Findings can assist in future‐proofing clinical education and ensuring that students continue to receive learning experiences of benefit to them, meeting curriculum requirements, in the event of another pandemic.
Chronic and reproductive toxicity of cadmium, zinc, and lead in binary and tertiary mixtures to the earthworm (Eisenia fetida)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-11-2018
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Current status and research needs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in soils contaminated long-term with PAHs and heavy metals: Implications to bioremediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2016.05.066
Abstract: Diversity, distribution and composition of bacterial community of soils contaminated long-term with both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were explored for the first time following 454 pyrosequencing. Strikingly, the complete picture of the Gram positive (+ve) and Gram negative (-ve) bacterial profile obtained in our study illustrates novel postulates that include: (1) Metal-tolerant and PAH-degrading Gram -ves belonging to the class Alphaproteobacteria persist relatively more in the real contaminated sites compared to Gram +ves, (2) Gram +ves are not always resistant to heavy metal toxicity, (3) Stenotrophomonas followed by Burkholderia and Pseudomonas are the dominant genera of PAH degraders with high metabolic activity in long-term contaminated soils, (4) Actinobacteria is the predominant group among the Gram +ves in soils contaminated with high molecular weight PAHs that co-exist with toxic heavy metals like Pb, Cu and Zn, (5) Microbial communities are nutrient-driven in natural environments and (6) Catabolically potential Gram +/-ves with erse applicability to remediate the real contaminated sites evolve eventually in the historically-polluted soils. Thus, the most promising indigenous Gram +/-ve strains from the long-term contaminated sites with increased catabolic potential, enzymatic activity and metal tolerance need to be harnessed for mixed contaminant cleanups.
Using soil properties to predict in vivo bioavailability of lead in soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.06.073
Abstract: Soil plays a significant role in controlling the potential bioavailability of contaminants in the environment. In this study, eleven soils were used to investigate the relationship between soil properties and relative bioavailability (RB) of lead (Pb). To minimise the effect of source of Pb on in vivo bioavailability, uncontaminated study soils were spiked with 1500 mg Pb/kg soil and aged for 10-12 months prior to investigating the relationships between soil properties and in vivo RB of Pb using swine model. The biological responses to oral administration of Pb in aqueous phase or as spiked soils were compared by applying a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model to blood Pb concentration. The study revealed that RB of Pb from aged soils ranged from 30±9% to 83±7%. The very different RB of Pb in these soils was attributed to variations in the soils' physico-chemical properties. This was established using sorption studies showing: firstly, Freundlich partition coefficients that ranged from 21 to 234 and secondly, a strongly significant (R(2)=0.94, P<0.001) exponential relationship between RB and Freundlich partition coefficient (Kd). This simple exponential model can be used to predict relative bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such model derived using sorption partition coefficient to predict the relative bioavailability of Pb.
Green synthesized iron nanoparticles by green tea and eucalyptus leaves extracts used for removal of nitrate in aqueous solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Toxicity of diesel water accommodated fraction toward microalgae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella sp. MM3
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2017.04.052
Abstract: Diesel is a commonly used fuel and a key pollutant on water surface through leaks and accidental spills, thus creating risk directly to planktons as well as other aquatic organisms. We assessed the toxicty of diesel and its water accommodated fraction (WAF) towards two microalgal species, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella sp. MM3. The toxicity criteria included were: chlorophyll a content as a growth parameter and induction of enzyme activities linked to oxidative stress. Increase in concentrations of diesel or its WAF significantly increased toxicity towards growth, measured in terms of chlorophyll a content in both the algae. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) in response to addition of diesel or diesel WAF to the microalgal cultures were dose-dependent. Diesel WAF was more toxic than diesel itself, suggesting that use of WAF may be more relevant for environmental risk assessment of diesel. The overall response of the antioxidant enzymes to toxicants' stress followed the order: POX≥SOD>CAT. The present study clearly demonstrated the use of SOD, POX and CAT as suitable biomarkers for assessing diesel pollution in aquatic ecosystem.
Fenamiphos and related organophosphorus pesticides: Environmental fate and toxicology
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 25-12-2010
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5623-1_3
Abstract: In this review, we emphasize recent research on the fate, transport, and metabolism of tree selected organophosphorus pesticides (fenamiphos, isofenphos, and coumaphos) in soil an water environments. This review is also concerned with the side effects of these pesticides on nontarget organisms. Despite the fact that fenamiphos is not very mobile, its oxides have been detected in the groundwaters of Western Australia. Most organophosphorus pesticides generally are chemically unstable and underfo microbial degradation in soil and water environments. Enhanced biodegradation of many organophosphorus pesticides upon their repeted applications to soil and water is well established. Myriads of soil microorganisms, bacteria in particular, exhibit an exceptional capacity to transform many organophosphorus pesticides. Fenamiphos can undergo rapid microbially mediated degradation via oxidation to its oxides (sulfoxide and sulfone) and eventually to CO2 and water in soils, or via hydrolysis, in cultures of the soil bacterium, Brevinbacterium sp. There is evidence for enhanced biodegradation of (i) isofenphos in soils with a long history of use and (ii) coumaphos in cattle dip by bacterial cultures to chlorferon and diethylthiophosphoric acid.
Effect of insecticide fenamiphos on soil microbial activities in Australian and Ecuadorean soils
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-12-2009
DOI: 10.1080/03601230802519504
Abstract: The effect of fenamiphos, a widely used organophosphorus pesticide, on important soil microbial activities such as dehydrogenase, urease and potential nitrification in four soils from Australia and Ecuador were studied. The results showed fenamiphos in general was not toxic to dehydrogenase and urease up to 100 mg/Kg soil. However potential nitrification was found to be highly sensitive to fenamiphos with a significant inhibition recorded even at 10 mg/Kg soil. In general, the nitrification activity in soils was decreased with an increase in fenamiphos concentration. The calculated EC(50) values for nitrification in all the tested soils ranged between 19 and 56 mg fenamiphos/kg dry soil. This study suggests that fenamiphos is likely to be detrimental to nitrification at field application rates.
Effects of long-term contamination of DDT on soil microflora with special reference to soil algae and algal transformation of DDT
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00231-6
Abstract: DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) and its principle metabolites, DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) and DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) are widespread environmental contaminants but little information is available concerning their effects on non-target microflora (especially microalgae and cyanobacteria) and their activities in long-term contaminated soils. For this reason a long-term DDT-contaminated soil was screened for DDT residues and toxicity to microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae), microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity. Also, five pure cultures isolated from various sites (two unicellular green algae and three dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria) were tested for their ability to metabolise DDT. Viable counts of bacteria and algae declined with increasing DDT contamination while fungal counts, microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity increased in medium-level contaminated soil (27 mg DDT residues kg(-1) soil). All the tested parameters were greatly inhibited in high-level contaminated soil (34 mg DDT residues kg(-1) soil). Species composition of algae and cyanobacteria was altered in contaminated soils and sensitive species were eliminated in the medium and high contaminated soils suggesting that these organisms could be useful as bioindicators of pollution. Microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity may not serve as good bioindicators of pollution since these parameters were potentially influenced by the increase in fungal (probably DDT resistant) counts. All the tested algal species metabolised DDT to DDE and DDD however, transformation to DDD was more significant in the case of dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
Algalization of acid soils with acid-tolerant strains: Improvement in pH, carbon content, exopolysaccharides, indole acetic acid and dehydrogenase activity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.3849
Abstract: Widespread occurrence of acid soils across the globe is a serious issue in agriculture that has been generally managed with intensive use of chemical amendments. Although green microalgae are the primary colonizers of soils even under extreme acid conditions, only a few investigations focused on their role in health improvement of such soils. In this study we tested the hypothesis: that acid‐tolerant microalgae have the potential for ameliorating soil acidity and enhancing soil health through enrichment of carbon content, exopolysaccharides, indole acetic acid besides stimulating dehydrogenase activity in acid soils. Inoculation of two acid soils collected from Australian fields with acid‐tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, alone or in combination, resulted initially in the development of a soil algal crust as evidenced by significant increase in chlorophyll a in both the soils. Also, there was a significant increase ( %) in the release of exopolysaccharides that facilitated soil aggregate stability. The increase in soil pH was about one unit (from 4.8 to 5.6 in soil A or 4.3–5.3 in soil B) under the influence of in idual or co‐cultures of the microalgal strains after 90 days. Algalized acid soils exhibited a significant increase in carbon content (29–57%), dehydrogenase activity ( %) and production of indole acetic acid (200–500%). Thus, the present study reports for the first time on the great potential of green microalgae in amelioration of acid soils besides improving soil health and fertility.
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Sex effects on net protein and energy requirements for growth of Saanen goats
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 06-2017
Abstract: Requirements for growth in the different sexes remain poorly quantified in goats. The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating net protein (NP
Sorption–desorption of dimethoate in urban soils and potential environmental impacts
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00337A
Abstract: The environmental fate and impact of dimethoate application in the urban environment were assessed in nine selected soils.
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by various tea extracts: Comparative study of the reactivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2014.04.037
Abstract: Iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) are often synthesized using sodium borohydride with aggregation, which is a high cost process and environmentally toxic. To address these issues, Fe NPs were synthesized using green methods based on tea extracts, including green, oolong and black teas. The best method for degrading malachite green (MG) was Fe NPs synthesized by green tea extracts because it contains a high concentration of caffeine olyphenols which act as both reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of Fe NPs. These characteristics were confirmed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-visible (UV-vis) and specific surface area (BET). To understand the formation of Fe NPs using various tea extracts, the synthesized Fe NPs were characterized by SEM, X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). What emerged were different sizes and concentrations of Fe NPs being synthesized by tea extracts, leading to various degradations of MG. Furthermore, kinetics for the degradation of MG using these Fe NPs fitted well to the pseudo first-order reaction kinetics model with more than 20 kJ/mol activation energy, suggesting a chemically diffusion-controlled reaction. The degradation mechanism using these Fe NPs included adsorption of MG to Fe NPs, oxidation of iron, and cleaving the bond that was connected to the benzene ring.
Chapter 11 Bioavailability and toxicity of contaminant mixtures to soil biota
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Acid-adapted microalgae exhibit phenotypic changes for their survival in acid mine drainage samples
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-06-2020
Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation in an organism provides phenotypic changes when exposed to the extreme environmental conditions. The resultant physiological and metabolic changes greatly enhance the organism's potential for its survival in such harsh environments. In the present novel approach, we tested the hypothesis whether acid-adapted microalgae, initially isolated from non-acidophilic environments, can survive and grow in acid-mine-drainage (AMD) s les. Two acid-adapted microalgal strains, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, were tested in idually or in combination (co-culture) for phenotypic changes during their growth in s les collected from AMD. The acid-adapted microalgae in AMD exhibited a two-fold increase in growth when compared with those grown at pH 3.5 in BBM up to 48 h and then declined. Furthermore, oxidative stress triggered several alterations such as increased cell size, granularity, and enhanced lipid accumulation in AMD-grown microalgae. Especially, the apparent limitation of phosphate in AMD inhibited the uptake of copper and iron in the cultures. Interestingly, growth of the acid-adapted microalgae in AMD downregulated amino acid metabolic pathways as a survival mechanism. This study demonstrates for the first time that acid-adapted microalgae can survive under extreme environmental conditions as exist in AMD by effecting significant phenotypic changes.
Confirmation of iron complex formation using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and sample stacking for analysis of iron polycarboxylate speciation by capillary electrophoresis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Creating a new pathway for change in the military using gender as process
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2023
DOI: 10.1111/GWAO.13049
Abstract: Militaries have consistently struggled to integrate women into the profession of arms despite concerted, decades‐long attempts at reform. We argue that this patchy progress is due in part to a conceptualization of gender as “category”, which has limited power to explain gendered inequalities. We propose that gender as process approaches must also be used to understand the current state of gender relations within militaries. A gender as process approach recognizes the dynamic, enduring, and complex set of gendered practices and systems that affect everyday interactions and social relations. Using this frame, militaries can develop an understanding of how these processes operate—particularly, as a form of resistance to gender equality in these “extremely gendered organizations”—and can develop improved strategies for change. We use the Australian Defence Force as our case study to illustrate how gender as category approaches dominate reform attempts and how the gender as process approach offers new insights on how to promote gender equality in the military.
Microbial activity and phospholipid fatty acid pattern in long-term tannery waste-contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00075-1
Abstract: We investigated the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in soil s les from three sites (designated as low, medium, and high based on the level of chromium) in a long-term (25 years after last waste input) tannery waste-contaminated area rich in Cr. Soil s les, collected from different soil depths (0-100 cm), at each site were used in this study. In general, soil s les from all three contaminated sites had elevated pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon (OC), total Cr, and hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)]. The maximum total Cr concentration in surface soils (0-10 cm) at the highly contaminated site was 102 gkg(-1), with 4.6 mgkg(-1) present as the bioavailable water-soluble Cr. More than 50% of soluble Cr was in the form of Cr(VI) (2.7 mgkg(-1)). DHA (normalized to OC) was inhibited to a greater extent in soil s les from the highly contaminated site than in low- and medium-contaminated soil s les. PLFA analyses of surface soils indicated that there was a shift in PLFA patterns. PLFAs specific for bacteria (i15:0, a15:0, 15:0, i16:0, a17:0, and cy17:0) decreased significantly (P<0.01) with an increase in Cr contamination. Among the bacterial PLFAs, 15:0, i16:0 and a17:0 had a significant negative correlation with contamination including bioavailable Cr(VI) in soil solution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of alterations in the PLFA profile in soils due to long-term tannery waste pollution.
Heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of Direct Black G in dye effluent using functional kaolin-supported nanoscale zero iron
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-09-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-2099-6
Abstract: This study investigated kaolin-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/K) as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the adsorption and oxidation of an azo dye, Direct Black G (DBG). New findings suggest that kaolin as a support material not only reduced the aggregation of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) but also improved the adsorption of DBG. It consequently improved Fenton oxidation by increasing the local concentration of DBG in the vicinity of nZVI. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction for the surface morphology of nZVI/K before and after the Fenton-like reaction. Furthermore, nZVI/K proved to be a catalyst for the heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of the DBG process in the neutral pH range. More than 87.22 % of DBG was degraded, and 54.60 % of total organic carbon was removed in the optimal conditions: 0.6 g/L dosage of nZVI/K, 33 mM H2O2, 100 mg/L initial DBG concentration, temperature of 303 K and pH of 7.06. Finally, it was demonstrated that nZVI/K removed DBG from dye wastewater through the processes of adsorption and oxidation.
Linking Climate Suitability, Spread Rates and Host-Impact When Estimating the Potential Costs of Invasive Pests
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-02-2013
Development of a whole cell biosensor for the detection of inorganic mercury
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Bioremediation of soil long-term contaminated with PAHs by algal–bacterial synergy of Chlorella sp. MM3 and Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9 in slurry phase
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.12.453
Abstract: Remediation of soil contaminated with pollutants using biological agents is more a sustainable and greener approach as compared to physico-chemical technologies. We recently confirmed that a microalga, Chlorella sp. MM3, and a bacterium, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9, can degrade high-molecular weight PAHs. In this study, an algal-bacterial system of these two strains was developed by long-term growth on a mixture of phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). In a soil spiked with 50 mg L
Long-lasting effect of mercury contamination on the soil microbiota and its co-selection of antibiotic resistance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Real-Time Depth Estimation for Underwater Inspection Using Dual Laser and Camera
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2013
Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9: An efficient p-nitrophenol degrader with a great potential for bioremediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2017.12.063
Abstract: A Gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9, was isolated from groundwater contaminated with nitrophenolics and trichloroethene following enrichment culture technique. The cells of strain 9 grown on LB broth (uninduced) degraded 720 μM p-nitrophenol (PNP) within 12 h, and utilized as a source of carbon and energy. Orthogonal experimental design analysis to determine optimal conditions for biodegradation of PNP showed that pH had a significant positive effect (P ≤ .05) on bacterial degradation of PNP, while glucose, di- and tri-nitrophenols exhibited significant negative effect. Cell-free extracts obtained from PNP-grown culture that contained 20 μg mL
A critical literature review on biosolids to biochar: an alternative biosolids management option
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2020
Total biodegradation of the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone by a bacterial culture
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-1997
DOI: 10.1046/J.1472-765X.1997.00053.X
Abstract: A mixed culture of bacteria, enriched from soil collected at a coal gasification site, proved capable of removing the potent oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone from culture media. The bacteria grew rapidly when zearalenone was provided as the sole source of carbon and energy. HPLC and ELISA analysis of culture extracts revealed no zearalenone or zearalenone-like products. Fourteen bacterial isolates from the mixed culture were identified and purified. The ability to degrade zearalenone was lost upon purification and recombination of the bacterial members of the mixed culture. A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls was unable to degrade zearalenone. This is the first report of the complete degradation of zearalenone by bacteria. The present study suggests the potential of mixed cultures in the biodegradation of zearalenone.
Ultrasonic enhanced desorption of DDT from contaminated soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2011
Phytoremediation efficacy assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils using garden pea (Pisum sativum)and earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.05.005
Abstract: Endpoint assessment using biological systems in combination with the chemical analysis is important for evaluating the residual effect of contaminants following remediation. In this study, the level of residual toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after 120 days of phytoremediation with five different plant species:- maize (Zea mays), Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense), vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and wallaby grass (Austrodanthonia sp.) has been evaluated by ecotoxicological tests such as root nodulation and leghaemoglobin assay using garden pea (Pisum sativum) and acute, chronic and genotoxicity assays using earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The phytoremediated soil exhibited lesser toxicity supporting improved root nodulation and leghaemoglobin content in P. sativum and reducing DNA damage in E. fetida when compared to contaminated soil before remediation. Also, the results of the ecotoxicological assays with the legume and earthworm performed in this study complemented the results obtained by the chemical analysis of PAHs in phytoremediated soil. Therefore, these findings provide a basis for a framework in which remediation efficacy of PAHs-contaminated sites can be evaluated effectively with simple ecotoxicological bioassays using legumes and earthworms.
Biodegradation of high-molecular weight PAHs by Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9: Overexpression of amidohydrolase induced by pyrene and BaP
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.09.192
Abstract: A Gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9, completely degraded 280 μM of phenanthrene, 40% of 50 μM pyrene or 28% of 40 μM benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), each supplemented in M9 medium, within 7 days. PCR screening with gene-specific primers indicated that the strain 9 harbors genes which code for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (bphC), 4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase component B (npcB) as well as oxygenase component (nphA1), 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (phbH), extradiol dioxygenase (edo), and naphthalene dioxygenase (ndo), all of which are largely implicated in biodegradation of several aromatic hydrocarbons. An orthogonal design experiment revealed that BaP biodegradation was greatly enhanced by surfactants such as Tween 80, Triton X-100 and linoleic acid, suggesting that bioavailability is the major limiting factor in bacterial metabolism of BaP. Both pyrene and BaP induced the overexpression of amidohydrolase, a metallo-dependent hydrolase, possibly involved in their biodegradation by strain 9. The up-regulation of amidohydrolase gene induced by BaP, in particular, was also confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and the large subunit of ndo, but not amidohydrolase, accumulated when the strain 9 was grown on phenanthrene. To our knowledge, this is the first report on overexpression of amidohydrolase and its possible implication in bacterial degradation of high-molecular weight PAHs.
Effect of amphetamine precursors and by-products on soil enzymes of two urban soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2003
Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 05-02-2018
Abstract: Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never before encountered as aliens—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Using a global database of the first regional records of alien species covering the years 1500–2005 we detected a surprisingly high proportion of species in recent records that have never been recorded as alien before. The high proportion of these emerging alien species mainly resulted from the increased accessibility of new source species pools in the native range. Risk assessment approaches that rely less on invasion history will need to be prioritized.
Quantifying the thermal tolerance of wood borers and bark beetles for the development of Joule heating as a novel phytosanitary treatment of pine logs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2018
A Novel Electrophototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris Strain RP2, Exhibits Hydrocarbonoclastic Potential in Anaerobic Environments
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-07-2016
Microbes from mined sites: Harnessing their potential for reclamation of derelict mine sites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2017.06.056
Abstract: Derelict mines pose potential risks to environmental health. Several factors such as soil structure, organic matter, and nutrient content are the greatly affected qualities in mined soils. Soil microbial communities are an important element for successful reclamation because of their major role in nutrient cycling, plant establishment, geochemical transformations, and soil formation. Yet, microorganisms generally remain an undervalued asset in mined sites. The microbial ersity in derelict mine sites consists of erse species belonging to four key phyla: Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The activity of plant symbiotic microorganisms including root-colonizing rhizobacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi of existing vegetation in the mined sites is very high since most of these microbes are extremophiles. This review outlines the importance of microorganisms to soil health and the rehabilitation of derelict mines and how microbial activity and ersity can be exploited to better plan the soil rehabilitation. Besides highlighting the major breakthroughs in the application of microorganisms for mined site reclamation, we provide a critical view on plant-microbiome interactions to improve revegetation at the mined sites. Also, the need has been emphasized for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of adaptation and resistance of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbes in abandoned mine sites, understanding their role in remediation, and subsequent harnessing of their potential to pave the way in future rehabilitation strategies for mined sites.
Copper interactions on arsenic bioavailability and phytotoxicity in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2017.11.025
Abstract: Arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) are co-contaminants in the environment but little is known about their ecological impact as mixtures in soil. In this study, we investigated the combined As-Cu interactions on toxicity and uptake as binary mixtures in 5 contrasting soils. The study included solubility, contaminant uptake and toxicity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as a model plant species. Soils were spiked in idually and as a mixtures at 10 different As levels (2, 4, 8 up to 1024mgkg
Mercury remediation potential of a mercury resistant strain Sphingopyxis sp. SE2 isolated from contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2016.06.032
Abstract: A mercury resistant bacterial strain SE2 was isolated from contaminated soil. The 16s rRNA gene sequencing confirms the strain as Sphingopyxis belongs to the Sphingomonadaceae family of the α-Proteobacteria group. The isolate showed high resistance to mercury with estimated concentrations of Hg that caused 50% reduction in growth (EC
Hydrolysis of fenamiphos and its oxidation products by a soil bacterium in pure culture, soil and water
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2003
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-002-1206-2
Abstract: A bacterium, identified as Brevibacterium sp. MM1, readily hydrolysed fenamiphos, a widely used organophosphorus insecticide and its toxic oxides (fenamiphos sulfoxide, fenamiphos sulfone), which all contain a common P-O-C bond, in a mineral salts medium. The bacterium also hydrolysed fenamiphos and its oxides in soil and groundwater. Interestingly, fenamiphos phenol, fenamiphos sulfoxide phenol and fenamiphos sulfone phenol, formed during bacterial hydrolysis of fenamiphos and its oxides, persisted in the mineral salts medium, but were transitory in soil and groundwater due to their further metabolism by indigenous micro-organisms. The cell-free preparation (crude enzyme) of this bacterium was very effective in hydrolysing fenamiphos. This is the first report on exceptionally rapid hydrolysis of fenamiphos by a bacterium in pure cultures, soil and groundwater.
Bioavailability of barium to plants and invertebrates in soils contaminated by barite
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-04-2013
DOI: 10.1021/ES302053D
Abstract: Barium (Ba) is a nonessential element to terrestrial organisms and is known to be toxic at elevated concentrations. In this study, the bioavailability and toxicity of Ba in barite (BaSO4) contaminated soils was studied using standard test organisms (Lactuca sativa L. "Great Lakes", Eisenia fetida). Contamination resulted from barite mining activities. Barium concentrations in contaminated soils determined by X-ray fluorescence were in the range 0.13-29.2%. Barite contaminated soils were shown to negatively impact both E. fetida and L. sativa relative to control soil. For E. fetida, pore-water concentrations and acid extractable Ba were linearly related to % body weight loss. In L. sativa, pore-water Ba and exchangeable Ba were both strongly related to shoot Ba and shoot biomass production. A negative linear relationship was observed between shoot Ba content and shoot weight (P < 0.0004, R(2) = 0.39), indicating that Ba accumulation is likely to have induced phytotoxicity. Plant weights were correlated to % weight loss in earthworm (r = -0.568, P = 0.028). Barium concentrations in pore-water were lower than predicted from barite solubility estimates but strongly related to exchangeable Ba, indicating an influence of ion exchange on Ba solubility and toxicity to E. fetida and L. sativa.
Extracellular Polymeric Substances Drive Symbiotic Interactions in Bacterial‒Microalgal Consortia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00248-021-01772-1
Abstract: The importance of several factors that drive the symbiotic interactions between bacteria and microalgae in consortia has been well realised. However, the implication of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) released by the partners remains unclear. Therefore, the present study focused on the influence of EPS in developing consortia of a bacterium, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, with a microalga, Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 or Coelastrella sp. IS3, all isolated from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The bacterium increased the specific growth rates of microalgal species significantly in the consortia by enhancing the uptake of nitrate (88‒99%) and phosphate (92‒95%) besides accumulating higher amounts of carbohydrates and proteins. The EPS obtained from exudates, collected from the bacterial or microalgal cultures, contained numerous phytohormones, vitamins, polysaccharides and amino acids that are likely involved in interspecies interactions. The addition of EPS obtained from V. paradoxus IS1 to the culture medium doubled the growth of both the microalgal strains. The EPS collected from T. obliquus IS2 significantly increased the growth of V. paradoxus IS1, but there was no apparent change in bacterial growth when it was cultured in the presence of EPS from Coelastrella sp. IS3. These observations indicate that the interaction between V. paradoxus IS1 and T. obliquus IS2 was mutualism, while commensalism was the interaction between the bacterial strain and Coelastrella sp. IS3. Our present findings thus, for the first time, unveil the EPS-induced symbiotic interactions among the partners involved in bacterial‒microalgal consortia.
Comparison of adsorbents for on-line solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons before liquid chromatography with UV detection
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2002
DOI: 10.1007/BF02490254
Bioremediation of high molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons co-contaminated with metals in liquid and soil slurries by metal tolerant PAHs degrading bacterial consortium
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10532-012-9572-7
Abstract: Bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contaminated soils in the presence of heavy metals have proved to be difficult and often challenging due to the ability of toxic metals to inhibit PAH degradation by bacteria. In this study, a mixed bacterial culture designated as consortium-5 was isolated from a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site. The ability of this consortium to utilise HMW PAHs such as pyrene and BaP as a sole carbon source in the presence of toxic metal Cd was demonstrated. Furthermore, this consortium has proven to be effective in degradation of HMW PAHs even from the real long term contaminated MGP soil. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate the great potential of this consortium for field scale bioremediation of PAHs in long term mix contaminated soils such as MGP sites. To our knowledge this is the first study to isolate and characterize metal tolerant HMW PAH degrading bacterial consortium which shows great potential in bioremediation of mixed contaminated soils such as MGP.
Removal of co-contaminants Cu (II) and nitrate from aqueous solution using kaolin-Fe/Ni nanoparticles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Metal-tolerant PAH-degrading bacteria: development of suitable test medium and effect of cadmium and its availability on PAH biodegradation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1850-3
Abstract: The use of metal-tolerant polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria is viable for mitigating metal inhibition of organic compound biodegradation in the remediation of mixed contaminated sites. Many microbial growth media used for toxicity testing contain high concentrations of metal-binding components such as phosphates that can reduce solution-phase metal concentrations thereby underestimate the real toxicity. In this study, we isolated two PAHs-degrading bacterial consortia from long-term mixed contaminated soils. We have developed a new mineral medium by optimising the concentrations of medium components to allow the bacterial growth and at the same time maintain high bioavailable metal (Cd(2+) as a model metal) in the medium. This medium has more than 60 % Cd as Cd(2+) at pH 6.5 as measured by an ion selective electrode and visual MINTEQ model. The Cd-tolerant patterns of the consortia were tested and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) derived. The consortium-5 had the highest MIC of 5 mg l(-1) Cd followed by consortium-9. Both cultures were able to completely metabolise 200 mg l(-1) phenanthrene in less than 4 days in the presence of 5 mg l(-1) Cd. The isolated metal-tolerant PAH-degrading bacterial cultures have great potential for bioremediation of mixed contaminated soils.
Forest Insect Biosecurity: Processes, Patterns, Predictions, Pitfalls
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 23-01-2023
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ENTO-120220-010854
Abstract: The economic and environmental threats posed by non-native forest insects are ever increasing with the continuing globalization of trade and travel thus, the need for mitigation through effective biosecurity is greater than ever. However, despite decades of research and implementation of preborder, border, and postborder preventative measures, insect invasions continue to occur, with no evidence of saturation, and are even predicted to accelerate. In this article, we review biosecurity measures used to mitigate the arrival, establishment, spread, and impacts of non-native forest insects and possible impediments to the successful implementation of these measures. Biosecurity successes are likely under-recognized because they are difficult to detect and quantify, whereas failures are more evident in the continued establishment of additional non-native species. There are limitations in existing biosecurity systems at global and country scales (for ex le, inspecting all imports is impossible, no phytosanitary measures are perfect, knownunknowns cannot be regulated against, and noncompliance is an ongoing problem). Biosecurity should be a shared responsibility across countries, governments, stakeholders, and in iduals.
The effects of sludge and green manure on hydraulic conductivity and aggregation in pyritic mine tailings materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2001
Reduction in arsenic toxicity and uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by As-resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-018-3568-8
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the potential of Rhodopseudomonas palustris C1 and Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus C31 to ameliorate As toxicity and to reduce As uptake in rice. Strain C1 was superior to strain C31 for siderophore production. The mixed culture (1: 1) was most effective in reducing the toxicity of As species [As(III) and/or As(V), each 30 mg/l] by yielding maximal germination index that related to α- and β-amylase activities in two Thai rice cultivars (HomNil: HN and PathumThani 1: PT). Arsenic toxicity to the seed germination followed the order: mixed As species > As(III) > As(V) and the toxicity was reduced in inoculated sets, particularly with a mixed culture. The mixed culture significantly enhanced rice growth under As stress in both rice cultivars as indicated by an increase in the production of chlorophyll a and b, and also supporting the non-enzymatic (carotenoids, lipid oxidation, and nitric oxide) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) activities. These were concomitant with productions of 5-aminolevulinic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, exopolymeric substances, and siderophores which significantly reduced As accumulation in treated rice. It can be concluded that the mixed culture has great potential to ameliorate rice from As toxicity by preventing As species entry into rice for enhancing rice growth and also for reducing As accumulation to produce safe rice from rice grown in contaminated paddy fields.
Functional clay supported bimetallic nZVI/Pd nanoparticles used for removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.09.028
Abstract: Bentonite supported Fe/Pd nanoparticles (B/nZVI/Pd) were synthesized as composites that exhibit functionalities assisting in the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. The results showed that 91.87% of MO was removed using B/nZVI/Pd, while only 85% and 1.41% of MO were removed using nZVI/Pd and bentonite after 10 min, respectively. The new findings include that the presence of bentonite decreased the aggregation of nZVI/Pd and nZVI in the composite played its role as a reductant, while Pd(0) acted as the catalyst to enhance the degradation of MO, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis analysis and the batch experiments. The increase in B/nZVI/Pd loading led to greater removal efficiency, while decolorization efficiency declined in the presence of anions such as nitrate, sulfite and carbonate, especially nitrate, which decreased the apparent rate constant k(obs) almost 17.06-fold. The kinetics study indicated that the degradation of MO fitted well to the pseudo-first-order model, where the k(obs) was 0.0721 min(-1). Finally, the reactivity of aged B/nZVI/Pd was investigated, and the application of B/nZVI/Pd in wastewater indicated a removal efficiency higher than 93.75%. This provided a new environmental pollution management option for dyes-contaminated sites.
Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized cells of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus bijugatus isolated from soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1992
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation potential, surfactant production, metal resistance and enzymatic activity of two novel cellulose-degrading bacteria isolated from koala faeces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2017
Inevitable human exposure to emissions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: A perspective on potential health risks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Effects of carbofuran and carbaryl on the growth of a green alga and two cyanobacteria isolated from a rice soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1989
Electrochemical switch on-off response of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) upon exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Chronic and transgenerational effects of polyethylene microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations in earthworms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Co-culturing of microalgae and bacteria in real wastewaters alters indigenous bacterial communities enhancing effluent bioremediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Comparison of no gas and He/H2 cell modes used for reduction of isobaric interferences in selenium speciation by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Speciation of iodate and iodide in seawater by non-suppressed ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 31-07-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2007.02.014
Abstract: A non-suppressed ion chromatography (IC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed for simultaneous determination of trace iodate and iodide in seawater. An anion-exchange column (G3154A/101, provided by Agilent) was used for the separation of iodate and iodide with an eluent containing 20mM NH(4)NO(3) at pH 5.6, which reduced the build-up of salts on the s ler and skimmer cones. The influences of competing ion (NO(3)(-)) in the eluent on the retention time and detection sensitivity were investigated to give reasonable resolution and detection limits. Linear plots were obtained in a concentration range of 5.0-500 microg/L and the detection limit was 1.5 microg/L for iodate and 2.0 microg/L for iodide. The proposed method was used to determinate iodate and iodide in seawaters without s le pre-treatment with exception of dilution.
Predicting copper phytotoxicity based on pore-water pCu
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10646-015-1605-7
Abstract: The free ion activity and "biotic ligand" models predict that the free metal ion and other pore-water parameters describe terrestrial phytotoxicity. In this study, pore-water chemistry and measured Cu(2+) was used to describe phytotoxicity of cucumber (Cucumis sativa L) in 10 contrasting soils at different soil Cu loadings. Both soil solution Cu (Cu(pw)) and Cu(2+) successfully described the response variable for all ten soils with R(2) values of 0.73 and 0.66, respectively. Separation of soils as acid and alkaline and fitting separately showed that there was a strongly significant fit for both log Cu(2+) and log Cu(pw) in acidic soils (R(2) = 0.92 and 0.86, respectively) but weakly significant fit for alkaline soils. The pCu EC50 and EC10 values in all acidic soils for cucumber were 5.83 (6.03-5.63) and 7.53 (8.27-7.00), respectively. In our dataset alkaline soils need to be treated in idually. In addition, pCu could be predicted based on pH and total concentration alone. Despite only 12 weeks 'ageing' there was quantitative agreement between pCu model from this study and predicted pCu from Sauvé et al. This agreement from studies performed independently indicates that, at least in the case of Cu(2+), the difference in an ageing period of ≥10 years appears minimal.
Biodegradation of the pesticide fenamiphos by ten different species of green algae and cyanobacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S00284-008-9293-7
Abstract: The degradation of an organophosphorus pesticide, fenamiphos, by different species of five green algae and five cyanobacteria was studied. All the species tested were able to transform fenamiphos to its primary oxidation product, fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO), while the majority of these cultures were able to hydrolyze FSO to fenamiphos sulfoxide phenol (FSOP). Fenamiphos sulfone phenol, FSOP, and FSO were detected in the culture extracts of these algae and cyanobacteria. This is the first report on the biodegradation of a toxic pesticide, fenamiphos, by cyanobacteria. The ability of these algae and cyanobacteria to detoxify fenamiphos can be gainfully used in bioremediation of this pesticide and its toxic metabolites.
Evaluation of relative bioaccessibility leaching procedure for an assessment of lead bioavailability in mixed metal contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Effects of carbaryl and 1-Naphthol on soil population of cyanobacteria and microalgae and select cultures of diazotrophic cyanobacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-06-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00128-011-0347-3
Abstract: Carbaryl application to soil collected from a rice fallow field was relatively less toxic to viable estimates of cyanobacteria and microalgae under nonflooded conditions than under flooded conditions. Application of 1-naphthol, the hydrolysis product of carbaryl, to soil under both the regimes increased the population of both cyanobacteria and microalgae. Soil application of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in combination, up to 1.0 kg ha(-1), was nontoxic to the viable population. The toxicity exerted by carbaryl and 1-naphthol towards growth, measured in terms of chlorophyll a, and nitrogenase activity was more pronounced in Anabaena spp. than in Nostoc spp.
Non-native plantation forests as alternative habitat for native forest beetles in a heavily modified landscape
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2008
Interaction effects of carbaryl and its hydrolysis product, 1-naphthol, towards three isolates of microalgae from rice soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1990
The future of working from home in the public sector: What does the evidence tell us?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-08-2022
Abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic created a working from home experiment for the public sector. This paper examines what might happen next as countries move towards a COVID‐normal environment. Since the academic literature on public sector agencies and working from home since the onset of the pandemic is scant, we focus on the non‐peer‐reviewed literature as our evidence base. This paper identifies the main issues public sector agencies need to consider as new ways of working emerge. The key facets are emerging preferences for hybrid working, productivity and remote working, and impacts of working from home on employees, especially gender equality. We highlight a range of emerging challenges, including how to maintain productivity, the need to redevelop employee value propositions to attract and retain employees in this changing landscape, and the risks of proximity bias. We conclude by identifying questions to be addressed in subsequent research.
One-step green synthesis of bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles used to degrade Orange II
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.10.034
Abstract: To reduce cost and enhance reactivity, bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were firstly synthesized using grape leaf aqueous extract to remove Orange II. Green synthesized bimetallic Fe/Pd NPs (98.0%) demonstrated a far higher ability to remove Orange II in 12h compared to Fe NPs (16.0%). Meanwhile, all precursors, e.g., grape leaf extract, Fe(2+) and Pd(2+), had no obvious effect on removing Orange II since less than 2.0% was removed. Kinetics study revealed that the removal rate fitted well to the pseudo-first-order reduction and pseudo-second-order adsorption model, meaning that removing Orange II via Fe/Pd NPs involved both adsorption and catalytic reduction. The remarkable stability of Fe/Pd NPs showed the potential application for removing azo dyes. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the changes in Fe/Pd NPs before and after reaction with Orange II. High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (HPLC-MS) identified the degraded products in the removal of Orange II, and finally a removal mechanism was proposed. This one-step strategy using grape leaf aqueous extract to synthesize Fe/Pd NPs is simple, cost-effective and environmentally benign, making possible the large-scale production of Fe/Pd NPs for field remediation.
Arsenic exposure from drinking water and rice in the Noakhali district of Bangladesh
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-04-2010
DOI: 10.1201/B10548-75
Abandoned metalliferous mines: ecological impacts and potential approaches for reclamation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2016
Multivariate analysis of mixed contaminants (PAHs and heavy metals) at manufactured gas plant site soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-011-2230-4
Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to provide an overview of the distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site soils. PCA is the powerful multivariate method to identify the patterns in data and expressing their similarities and differences. Ten PAHs (naphthalene, acenapthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene) and four toxic heavy metals - lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) - were detected in the site soils. PAH contamination was contributed equally by both low and high molecular weight PAHs. PCA was performed using the varimax rotation method in SPSS, 17.0. Two principal components accounting for 91.7% of the total variance was retained using scree test. Principle component 1 (PC1) substantially explained the dominance of PAH contamination in the MGP site soils. All PAHs, except anthracene, were positively correlated in PC1. There was a common thread in high molecular weight PAHs loadings, where the loadings were inversely proportional to the hydrophobicity and molecular weight of in idual PAHs. Anthracene, which was less correlated with other in idual PAHs, deviated well from the origin which can be ascribed to its lower toxicity and different origin than its isomer phenanthrene. Among the four major heavy metals studied in MGP sites, Pb, Cd and Cr were negatively correlated in PC1 but showed strong positive correlation in principle component 2 (PC2). Although metals may not have originated directly from gaswork processes, the correlation between PAHs and metals suggests that the materials used in these sites may have contributed to high concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn. Thus, multivariate analysis helped to identify the sources of PAHs, heavy metals and their association in MGP site, and thereby better characterise the site risk, which would not be possible if one uses chemical analysis alone.
Mercury alters the bacterial community structure and diversity in soil even at concentrations lower than the guideline values
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-016-7965-Y
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of inorganic mercury (Hg) on bacterial community and ersity in different soils. Three soils-neutral, alkaline and acidic-were spiked with six different concentrations of Hg ranging from 0 to 200 mg kg
Surface charge characteristics of organo-palygorskites and adsorption of p-nitrophenol in flow-through reactor system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Men in a ‘women only’ sport? Contesting gender relations and sex integration in roller derby
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-08-2016
Catalytic efficiency is a better predictor of arsenic toxicity to soil alkaline phosphatase
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2017.11.040
Abstract: Arsenic (As) is an inhibitor of phosphatase, however, in the complex soil system, the substrate concentration effect and the mechanism of As inhibition of soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its kinetics has not been adequately studied. In this work, we investigated soil ALP activity in response to As pollution at different substrate concentrations in various types of soils and explored the inhibition mechanism using the enzyme kinetics. The results showed that As inhibition of soil ALP activity was substrate concentration-dependent. Increasing substrate concentration decreased inhibition rate, suggesting reduced toxicity. This dependency was due to the competitive inhibition mechanism of As to soil ALP. The kinetic parameters, maximum reaction velocity (V
Effects of DDT and its metabolites on soil algae and enzymatic activity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-1999
Cation doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles enhance strontium adsorption from aqueous system: A comparative study with and without calcination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Raped, beaten and bruised: military institutional abuse, identity wounds and veteran suicide
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-08-2023
Effect of ageing on benzo[a]pyrene extractability in contrasting soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.04.050
Abstract: Changes in benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) extractability over 160 days ageing in four contrasting soils varying in organic matter content and clay mineralogy were investigated using dichloromethane: acetone 1:1 (DCM/Ace), 60 mM hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) solution, 1-butanol (BuOH) and Milli-Q water. The B[a]P extractability by the four methods decreased with ageing and a first-order exponential model could be used to describe the kinetics of release. Correlation of the kinetic rate constant with major soil properties showed a significant effect of clay and sand contents and pore volume fraction (<6 nm) on sequestration of the desorbable fraction (by HPCD) and the water-extractable fraction. Analysis of (14)C-B[a]P in soils after ageing showed a limited loss of B[a]P via degradation. Fractionation of B[a]P pools associated with the soil matrix was analysed according to extractability of B[a]P by the different extraction methods. A summary of the different fractions is proposed for the illustration of the effect of ageing on different B[a]P-bound fractions in soils. This study provides a better understanding of the B[a]P ageing process associated with different fractions and also emphasises the extraction capacity of the different methods employed.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation by fenamiphos degrading Microbacterium esteraromaticum MM1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Consortia of cyanobacteria/microalgae and bacteria in desert soils: an underexplored microbiota
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-018-9192-1
Abstract: Desert ecosystem is generally considered as a lifeless habitat with extreme environmental conditions although it is colonized by extremophilic microorganisms. Cyanobacteria, microalgae, and bacteria in these habitats could tolerate harsh and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions, intense ultraviolet radiation, and lack of water, leading to cell desiccation. They possess valuable metabolites withstanding extreme environmental conditions and make them good candidates for industrial applications. Moreover, most natural microorganisms in these extreme habitats exist as consortia that provide robustness and extensive metabolic capabilities enabling them to establish important relationships in desert environments. Engineering of such consortia of cyanobacteria, microalgae, and bacteria would be functional in the sustainable development of deserts through improving soil fertility, water preservation, primary production, pollutant removal, and maintaining soil stability. Modern tools and techniques would help in constructing highly functional cyanobacterial/microalgal-bacterial consortia that are greatly useful in the establishment of vegetation in deserts as well as in biotechnological applications.
Heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of malachite green by iron-based nanoparticles synthesized by tea extract as a catalyst
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Metal bioavailability to Eisenia fetida through copper mine dwelling animal and plant litter, a new challenge on contaminated environment remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Assessment of metal toxicity and bioavailability in metallophyte leaf litters and metalliferous soils using Eisenia fetida in a microcosm study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2016.03.034
Abstract: The leaf litters of tree species, Acacia pycnantha (Ap) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Ec), predominantly growing at an abandoned copper (Cu) mine and mine soils including controls, were assessed for determining the metal toxicity and bioavailability using earthworm species Eisenia fetida, in a microcosm. Significant reduction in body weight as well as mortality were observed when the worms were introduced into mine soil or its combination with mine Ap litter. Virtually, there were no juveniles when the worms were fed on substratum that contained mine soil or mine leaf litter. The extent of bioaccumulation was dependent on water-soluble fraction of a metal in soil. The accumulation of cadmium, lead and copper in worm tissue was significantly more in treatments that received mine soil with or without mine leaf litter. However, the tissue concentration of zinc did not differ much in earthworms irrespective of its exposure to control or contaminated s les. Mine leaf litter from Ec, a known Cu hyperaccumulator, was more hospitable to earthworm survival and juvenile than that of Ap litter. Validation of the data on bioaccumulation of metals indicated that the mine leaf litter significantly contributed to metal bioavailability. However, it was primarily the metal concentration in mine soil that was responsible for earthworm toxicity and bioavailability. Our data also indicate that detrivores like earthworm is greatly responsible for heavy metal transfer from mines into the ecosystem.
Green mango peel-nanozerovalent iron activated persulfate oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil sludge contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Cocoa-laden cadmium threatens human health and cacao economy: A critical view
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Solar technology‒closed loop synergy facilitates low-carbon circular bioeconomy in microalgal wastewater treatment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41545-023-00256-8
Abstract: The circular bioeconomy framework addresses the global transition toward resource-efficient and low-carbon economies. The use of microalgae in sustainable circular bioeconomy largely suffers from energy consumption and underutilization of residual biomass, leading to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This analysis-based perspective reveals that closed loop microalgal wastewater systems reduce GHG emissions by % and enhance valorization of residual biomass for value-added products compared to open loop approach. Integrating solar technologies in closed loop system further reduces GHG emissions by 99% and aligns with 11 UN sustainable development goals, making it a suitable model for a zero-waste and low-carbon circular bioeconomy.
Emotions, Everyday Life and Sociology
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 11-07-2018
Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1RA09072K
Abstract: Contaminants of emerging concern: sources, soil burden, human exposure, and toxicities.
Response of phosphorus sensitive plants to arsenate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Integrated electrochemical treatment systems for facilitating the bioremediation of oil spill contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.02.079
Abstract: Bioremediation plays an important role in oil spill management and bio-electrochemical treatment systems are supposed to represent a new technology for both effective remediation and energy recovery. Diesel removal rate increased by four times in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) since the electrode served as an electron acceptor, and high power density (29.05 W m
Chemical oxidization of some AFFFs leads to the formation of 6:2FTS and 8:2FTS
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-10-2015
DOI: 10.1002/ETC.3115
Abstract: The present study tested some aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) products for the presence of or the potential to form 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (6:2FTS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (8:2FTS). The results demonstrated the appearance of significant levels of 6:2FTS and 8:2FTS after the oxidization of those AFFFs. The authors concluded that fluorotelomer skeletons exist but are derived from those formulations of AFFFs.
Exposure, Toxicity, Health Impacts, and Bioavailability of Heavy Metal Mixtures
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
An integrated biodegradation and nano-oxidation used for the remediation of naphthalene from aqueous solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.07.050
Abstract: The remediation of toxic persistent organic contaminants in the environment has raised a need for effective cleanup methods. In this study, an integrated remediation technique based on biodegradation of naphthalene using Bacillus fusiformis and Fenton oxidation of their degraded metabolites using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). A 99.0% naphthalene was biodegraded by B. fusiformis in 96h, while only 59.4% chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed, indicating that the degraded metabolites existed in solution. To further degrade the metabolites, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was used as heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton-like oxidation of the metabolites after biodegradation lasting 40h. Results showed that the total the removal COD increased from 36.4% to 91.6% at pH 3.0, 1.0gL(-1) nZVI, 10.0mML(-1) H2O2 and temperature of 35°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the aggregation and corrosion of nZVI. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the existence of Fe(0) and the presence of iron oxide (Fe(II)) and iron oxohydroxide (Fe(III)). A possible degradation pathway was proposed since two naphthalene metabolites (1-Naphthalenol and 1,4-Naphthalenedione) were detected by GC-MS.
Metagenomics analysis identifies nitrogen metabolic pathway in bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Consortia of cyanobacteria/microalgae and bacteria: Biotechnological potential
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOTECHADV.2011.07.009
Abstract: Microbial metabolites are of huge biotechnological potential and their production can be coupled with detoxification of environmental pollutants and wastewater treatment mediated by the versatile microorganisms. The consortia of cyanobacteria/microalgae and bacteria can be efficient in detoxification of organic and inorganic pollutants, and removal of nutrients from wastewaters, compared to the in idual microorganisms. Cyanobacterial/algal photosynthesis provides oxygen, a key electron acceptor to the pollutant-degrading heterotrophic bacteria. In turn, bacteria support photoautotrophic growth of the partners by providing carbon dioxide and other stimulatory means. Competition for resources and cooperation for pollutant abatement between these two guilds of microorganisms will determine the success of consortium engineering while harnessing the biotechnological potential of the partners. Relative to the introduction of gene(s) in a single organism wherein the genes depend on the regulatory- and metabolic network for proper expression, microbial consortium engineering is easier and achievable. The currently available biotechnological tools such as metabolic profiling and functional genomics can aid in the consortium engineering. The present review examines the current status of research on the consortia, and emphasizes the construction of consortia with desired partners to serve a dual mission of pollutant removal and commercial production of microbial metabolites.
Cow manure compost‐based products as alternative rhizobial carrier materials
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-06-2023
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.4808
Abstract: Cow manure compost (CMC) has been used widely as soil amendment to improve soil fertility and health, and to minimize environmental impacts. However, direct use of commercial CMC‐based products as alternative rhizobial carrier materials is rare, it could promote inoculant commercialization. This research aimed to explore the potential of four CMC‐based products (CMC powder, CMC granular, CMC + 50% gypsum, and CMC + 30% biochar) as a rhizobial carrier. Peat was used as a standard (control) material. All the carriers were directly mixed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum CB 1809 strain to prepare four CMC‐based inoculants. Shelf life of inoculants was evaluated up to 120 days of storage and survival rate in soil was determined after 30 days under both optimum moisture (55% WHC—water‐holding capacity) and drought stress (15% WHC) conditions. Results revealed that overall, CMC + 50% gypsum product showed better physicochemical characteristics such as WHC (126.9 ± 6.87%), Ca (134.15 ± 5.78 mg kg −1 ), and S (104.9 ± 6.52 mg kg −1 ) with the best shelf life during storage at 28°C and 35°C temperatures. The difference in shelf life between the CMC + 50% gypsum and other CMC‐based products became more apparent at higher temperature (35°C) and longer‐term storage (120 days). Additionally, when introduced into the soil, the CMC + 50% gypsum carrier outperformed the peat (control), showing the best strain survival rate of 95% (under optimum moisture) and 87% (under drought) after 30 days of storage. The strain population of CMC + 30% biochar as carrier was the lowest with values 8.66 Log 10 CFU g −1 and 7.52 Log 10 CFU g −1 in the shelf‐life test at both storage temperatures 28°C and 35°C, respectively, likely due to its alkaline pH. Multivariate analysis revealed that the carriers' WHC, Ca (involved in nodule formation and stability), and S (essential for nodule metabolism and nitrogenase activity) contents had a strong positive correlation with the long‐term shelf life and the survival rate in soil, confirming the importance of carrier materials' moisture retention and availability of specific elements (Ca, S). Hence, CMC + 50% gypsum showed the highest values of WHC, Ca and S, and optimum pH, reflecting its highest rhizobial population density and survival rate as compared to other carriers. This work has demonstrated the great potential of CMC‐based commercial products as alternative carrier materials, opening an alternative avenue for rapid commercial development of inoculants.
Phycoremediation of dairy and winery wastewater using Diplosphaera sp. MM1
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2016
Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2012.10.007
Abstract: Millions of natural and synthetic organic chemical substances are present in both soil and aquatic environments. Toxicity and/or persistence determine the polluting principle of these substances. The biological responses to these pollutants include accumulation and degradation. The responses of environments with organic pollutants are perceptible from the dwindling degradative abilities of microorganisms. Among different biological members, cyanobacteria and microalgae are highly adaptive through many eons, and can grow autotrophically, heterotrophically or mixotrophically. Mixotrophy in cyanobacteria and microalgae can provide many competitive advantages over bacteria and fungi in degrading organic pollutants. Laboratory culturing of strict phototrophic algae has limited the realization of their potential as bioremediation agents. In the natural assemblages, mixotrophic algae can contribute to sequestration of carbon, which is otherwise emitted as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere under heterotrophic conditions by other organisms. Molecular methods and metabolic and genomic information will help not only in identification and selection of mixotrophic species of cyanobacteria and microalgae with capabilities to degrade organic pollutants but also in monitoring the efficiency of remediation efforts under the field conditions. These organisms are relatively easier for genetic engineering with desirable traits. This review presents a new premise from the literature that mixotrophic algae and cyanobacteria are distinctive bioremediation agents with capabilities to sequester carbon in the environment.
Chapter 1 Chemical bioavailability in terrestrial environments
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Bioaugmentation with Novel Microbial Formula vs. Natural Attenuation of a Long-Term Mixed Contaminated Soil - Treatability Studies in Solid- and Slurry-Phase Microcosms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-12-2016
Metal interaction on arsenic toxicity in both in vivo and in vitro biological systems including human cells
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1201/B20466-159
Kaolin-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removing cationic dye-crystal violet in aqueous solution
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2012
Calcium alginate encapsulated Ni/Fe nanoparticles beads for simultaneous removal of Cu (II) and monochlorobenzene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2015.01.080
Abstract: Calcium alginate encapsulated Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles beads (CA-Ni/Fe beads) were synthesized to simultaneously remove Cu (II) and monochlorobenzene (MCB) from aqueous solution. SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses confirmed that Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were not oxidized and successfully encapsulated by calcium alginate (CA). The experiments showed that the encapsulation process improved the simultaneous removal efficiency of Cu (II) and MCB, from 83.9% to 86.7% for Cu (II) and 94.7% to 99.1% for MCB compared with bare Ni/Fe nanoparticles after 120min treatment. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of Cu (II) and MCB increased with higher temperature, calcium alginate: Ni/Fe ratios and pH. Pseudo-second-order model for adsorption and pseudo-first-order model for the reduction process fitted the simultaneous removal of Cu (II) and MCB using CA-Ni/Fe beads. Based on the above results, it could be concluded that the simultaneous removal was a two-step process: firstly, the adsorption of Cu (II) and MCB on the CA-Ni/Fe beads and secondly, reduction of Cu (II) and dehalogenation of MCB by Ni/Fe in CA-Ni/Fe beads. Finally, the efficiency of regenerated CA-Ni/Fe beads was tested using synthesized wastewater which showed a satisfactory removal efficiency of Cu (II) and MCB maintained at 83.8% and 91.7% after three times' regeneration.
Voltammetric Determination of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) Using a Bismuth Film Electrode Modified with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid towards earthworm and enzymatic activities in soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-016-5416-Y
Abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a widespread persistent organic contaminant in the environment that has recently raised much of regulatory and public concern. Therefore, assessment of its ecological risk is a top priority research. Hence, this study investigated the toxicity of PFOA to beneficial microbial processes in the soil such as activities of dehydrogenase, urease and potential nitrification in addition to earthworm survival, weight loss and PFOA bioaccumulation in two contrasting soils. In general, PFOA caused inhibition of all the measured microbial processes in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibition was higher in Williamtown (WT) soil than Edinburgh (EB) soil. Thus, WT soil being sandy in nature with low clay content showed higher PFOA bioavailability and hence showed higher toxicity. There was no mortality in earthworms exposed up to 100 mg PFOA/kilogram soil in both the soils however, there was a significant weight loss from 25 mg/kg onwards. This study clearly demonstrates that soil contamination of PFOA can lead to adverse effects on soil health.
Arsenate inhibition on kinetic characteristics of alkaline phosphatase as influenced by pH
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Sustainability Evaluation of Immobilized Acid-Adapted Microalgal Technology in Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Following Emergy and Carbon Footprint Analysis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES27031015
Abstract: Sustainability evaluation of wastewater treatment helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as it emphasizes the development of green technologies and optimum resource use rather than the end-of-pipe treatment. The conventional approaches for treating acid mine drainages (AMDs) are efficient however, they need enormous amounts of energy, making them less sustainable and causing greater environmental concern. We recently demonstrated the potential of immobilized acid-adapted microalgal technology for AMD remediation. Here, this novel approach has been evaluated following emergy and carbon footprint analysis for its sustainability in AMD treatment. Our results showed that imported energy inputs contributed significantly ( %) to the overall emergy and were much lower than in passive and active treatment systems. The microalgal treatment required 2–15 times more renewable inputs than the other two treatment systems. Additionally, the emergy indices indicated higher environmental loading ratio and lower per cent renewability, suggesting the need for adequate renewable inputs in the immobilized microalgal system. The emergy yield ratio for biodiesel production from the microalgal biomass after AMD treatment was .0, which indicates a better emergy return on total emergy spent. Based on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint analysis (CFA), was performed using default emission factors, in accordance with the IPCC standards and the National Greenhouse Energy Reporting (NGER) program of Australia. Interestingly, CFA of acid-adapted microalgal technology revealed significant greenhouse gas emissions due to usage of various construction materials as per IPCC, while SCOPE 2 emissions from purchased electricity were evident as per NGER. Our findings indicate that the immobilized microalgal technology is highly sustainable in AMD treatment, and its potential could be realized further by including solar energy into the overall treatment system.
Organometallic Derivatization of the Nematocidal Drug Monepantel Leads to Promising Antiparasitic Drug Candidates
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-10-2016
Abstract: The discovery of novel drugs against animal parasites is in high demand due to drug-resistance problems encountered around the world. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of 27 organic and organometallic derivatives of the recently launched nematocidal drug monepantel (Zolvix
Quercus robur acorn peel as a novel coagulating adsorbent for cationic dye removal from aquatic ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
On-line SPE coupled with LC-APCI-MS for the determination of trace explosives in water
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-02-2011
Reduction of hexavalent chromium by green synthesized nano zero valent iron and process optimization using response surface methodology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Microbial degradation of illicit drugs, their precursors, and manufacturing by-products: Implications for clandestine drug laboratory investigation and environmental assessment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00110-5
Abstract: Chemicals associated with clandestine drug laboratories are often disposed of covertly into soil, sewerage systems, or public waste management facilities. There are two significant issues relating to such dumps of materials they might contain valuable evidence as to drug manufacture, and they might be a source of pollution. This study presents initial findings in relation to the impact microorganisms from environmental sources have upon drugs, their precursors, and manufacturing by-products. The aim of this study was to identify which chemicals associated with clandestine drug laboratories persist in the environment in order to allow forensic drug chemists to link discarded residues with the method of manufacture, and to allow the environmental impact of clandestine drug laboratories to be assessed accurately. When exposed to soil microorganisms, phenyl-2-propanone (P2P) was rapidly metabolized into mixtures of 1-phenyl-2-propanol, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone, 2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-propanone, and the two diastereoisomers of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol. On the other hand, when exposed under the same conditions, methyl hetamine sulphate (MAS) remained virtually unchanged. Implications relating to evidence gathering for forensic purposes and to environmental assessment of clandestine drug laboratories are discussed.
Earthworm Comet Assay for Assessing the Risk of Weathered Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils: Need to Look Further than Target Contaminants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00244-016-0318-0
Abstract: Earthworm toxicity assays contribute to ecological risk assessment and consequently standard toxicological endpoints, such as mortality and reproduction, are regularly estimated. These endpoints are not enough to better understand the mechanism of toxic pollutants. We employed an additional endpoint in the earthworm Eisenia andrei to estimate the pollutant-induced stress. In this study, comet assay was used as an additional endpoint to evaluate the genotoxicity of weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soils containing 520 to 1450 mg hydrocarbons kg
Long-term As contamination alters soil enzyme functional stability in response to additional heat disturbance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.05.055
Abstract: The functional stability of soil enzymes is fundamental to the sustainability of soil biochemical processes and is affected by many environmental stressors. This study focused on the influences of long-term arsenic (As) contamination on soil enzyme functional stability: the resistance (ratio of the disturbed to control) and resilience (integrated recovery rate) of soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase) over 30 days incubation after an experimental heat disturbance (50
Behavioural, developmental and reproductive toxicological impacts of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in Caenorhabditis elegans
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Related Organisations
University Of Liverpool
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of South Australia - Mawson Lakes Campus
Location: Australia
Related Funding Activities
Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR180200015
Start Date: 07-2020
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $589,007.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0455739
Start Date: 07-2005
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $288,080.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivitySpecial Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR180100036
Start Date: 03-2019
End Date: 12-2023
Amount: $650,054.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP220100375
Start Date: 2023
End Date: 12-2026
Amount: $615,060.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivitySpecial Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354787
Start Date: 01-2004
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $10,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity