Publication
Foraging personalities modify effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity
Publisher:
Wiley
Date:
23-09-2022
DOI:
10.1111/OIK.09056
Abstract: Habitat loss undeniably poses a substantial threat to bio ersity, but whether fragmentation per se drives the loss of species is still widely debated. While negative consequences from fragmentation are often anticipated, many empirical studies report positive effects. However, the intrinsic mechanisms governing species' persistence in fragmented landscapes are not yet understood. In this study we investigated consistent personality‐dependent differences in foraging behavior among in iduals as a possible mechanism underlying the discrepancy of reported fragmentation effects. We devised a mechanistic in idual‐based model simulating the home range behavior of a competitive small mammal community based on the availability of a shared resource. Thereby, an in idual's risk‐taking behavior dictates its foraging decisions at risky habitat edges, an inherent property of fragmentation per se. Our simulations show that differences in risk‐taking while foraging are potentially a further mechanism contributing to reconcile the fragmentation debate. The first scenario considering risk‐seeking communities showed a neutral response towards fragmentation, while the second scenario featuring risk‐avoiding communities confirmed the negative effects of fragmentation. Notably, the third scenario, simulating behaviorally erse communities including risk‐avoiding and risk‐seeking in iduals, demonstrated a positive influence of fragmentation on bio ersity. Intraspecific differences in behavior could also enhance the temporal species coexistence (coviability) of communities threatened by an ongoing habitat loss. Our study highlights the importance of recognizing the behavioral composition of populations and communities for estimating fragmentation effects, because differences in risk‐taking can influence the coping abilities of animal communities in light of fragmentation.