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0000-0003-3533-1101
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Epidemiology | Public Economics- Publically Provided Goods | Mental Health | Criminology | Public Health and Health Services | Health, Clinical And Counselling Psychology | Causes and Prevention of Crime
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Development and Welfare | Families and Family Services | Mental health | Crime Prevention |
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.1042
Abstract: An unusually high comorbidity of eating disorders and alcohol abuse has been found in clinical and community s les of young women. This paper proposes that in idual differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment may influence the propensity of young women to engage in dysfunctional eating and drinking behaviour. The Drive for Thinness scale, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the BIS/BAS scales were administered to 232 high school girls. Heightened sensitivity to reward was the better predictor of alcohol misuse while heightened sensitivity to both reward and punishment was predictive of dysfunctional eating. When categorised by group, alcohol abusing, dysfunctional eating, and comorbid girls reported greater sensitivity to reward than non-disordered girls. Girls with dysfunctional eating with and without comorbid alcohol abuse reported greater sensitivity to punishment than alcohol abusing only girls. These findings suggest that girls who abuse alcohol and have dysfunctional eating may share a vulnerability to heightened sensitivity to reward, yet be differentiated by sensitivity to punishment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.05.001
Abstract: The evidence linking the personality trait of impulsivity and substance misuse is well established. Importantly, impulsivity not only predicts substance misuse problems but has an association with duration in treatment, likelihood of completing treatment and time to relapse. Treatment that focuses on increasing awareness and acceptance of thoughts and emotions may potentially address impulsive behaviour and in this respect improve treatment outcomes for substance misuse. The current paper investigated the relationship between the facet of impulsivity that taps into poor inhibitory control and treatment outcome. In addition, there was a specific focus on ascertaining the impact of an increase in awareness and attentional control measured in 144 adult substance users receiving treatment in a residential therapeutic community. Impulsivity predicted poorer treatment outcome (measured as drug use severity). Increases in awareness and acceptance of emotions and thoughts during treatment were related to better outcome although this was not associated with baseline levels of impulsivity. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2017.02.028
Abstract: We examined the lifetime experience of hallucinations and delusions associated with transient meth hetamine-related psychosis (MAP), persistent MAP and primary psychosis among a cohort of dependent meth hetamine users. Participants were classified as having (a) no current psychotic symptoms, (n=110) (b) psychotic symptoms only when using meth hetamine (transient MAP, n=85) (c) psychotic symptoms both when using meth hetamine and when abstaining from meth hetamine (persistent MAP, n=37), or (d) meeting DSM-IV criteria for lifetime schizophrenia or mania (primary psychosis, n=52). Current psychotic symptoms were classified as a score of 4 or more on any of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale items of suspiciousness, hallucinations or unusual thought content in the past month. Lifetime psychotic diagnoses and symptoms were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Transient MAP was associated with persecutory delusions and tactile hallucinations (compared to the no symptom group). Persistent MAP was additionally associated with delusions of reference, thought interference and complex auditory, visual, olfactory and tactile hallucinations, while primary psychosis was also associated with delusions of thought projection, erotomania and passivity. The presence of non-persecutory delusions and hallucinations across various modalities is a marker for persistent MAP or primary psychosis in people who use meth hetamine.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2008.11.014
Abstract: Meth hetamine (MA) use is associated with hostility, aggression, and positive psychotic symptoms. However, little is known of the processes or mechanisms that underlie this relationship. The present research was designed to investigate putative mediating and moderating variables between MA dependence and hostility in a s le of injecting MA users (N=237). Both positive symptoms of psychosis and higher levels of impulsivity functioned as mediators and moderators of this relationship. This pattern of findings suggests that MA use leads to greater hostility by increasing positive psychotic symptoms that contribute to a perception of the environment as a hostile and threatening place as well as by increasing impulsivity. Those who were high in positive symptoms and high in impulsivity were the most hostile. In idual differences in impulsivity and positive psychotic symptoms should be taken into account in the assessment and management of MA dependence.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-05-2019
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to review drug harms as they occur in Australia using the Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology adopted in earlier studies in other jurisdictions. A facilitated workshop with 25 experts from across Australia, was held to score 22 drugs on 16 criteria: 9 related to harms that a drug produces in the in idual and 7 to harms to others. Participants were guided by facilitators through the methodology and principles of MCDA. In open discussion, each drug was scored on each criterion. The criteria were then weighted using a process of swing weighting. Scoring was captured in MCDA software tool. MCDA modelling showed the most harmful substances to users were fentanyls (part score 50), heroin (part score 45) and crystal meth hetamine (part score 42). The most harmful substances to others were alcohol (part score 41), crystal meth hetamine (part score 24) and cigarettes/tobacco (part score 14). Overall, alcohol was the most harmful drug when harm to users and harm to others was combined. A supplementary analysis took into consideration the prevalence of each substance in Australia. Alcohol was again ranked the most harmful substance overall, followed by cigarettes, crystal meth hetamine, cannabis, heroin and pharmaceutical opioids. The results of this study make an important contribution to the emerging international picture of drug harms. They highlight the persistent and pervasive harms caused by alcohol. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed. Policies to reduce harm from alcohol and meth hetamine should be a priority.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2011.01.011
Abstract: The current study investigated whether negative mood alone, or in conjunction with exposure to food cues, influences the urge to eat. Female participants (N=160) were allocated to either a negative or neutral mood induction procedure followed by exposure to either a preferred food cue or a non-food cue. Participants reported their urge to eat at baseline, following the mood induction procedure, and following the cue exposure, as well as completing measures of restrained and disinhibited eating. Contrary to prediction, urge to eat decreased following the mood induction procedure for those in the negative mood condition. This was not influenced by eating style (i.e., restrained or disinhibited eaters). Urge to eat subsequently increased following exposure to the food, but not the non-food, cue. This effect was moderated by negative mood and eating style with disinhibited eating being positively associated with urge to eat for those women in the negative mood condition. These findings suggest that negative mood plays a role in the tendency to overeat, but only in the context of personally desirable food cues and for a subgroup of women with a history of disinhibited eating.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2013.08.017
Abstract: Personality and cognitive processes are both related to alcohol use and misuse. A recent model of hazardous drinking referred, the 2-CARS model, postulates two major pathways to hazardous drinking. One pathway primarily involves the association between Reward Drive and Positive Outcome Expectancies, the second involves the association between Rash Impulsiveness and Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy. In previous tests of the model, Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy was found to have the most proximal impact on drinking, being directly influenced by Rash Impulsiveness, and indirectly influenced by Reward Drive through Positive Outcome Expectancies. The aim of the current study was to test the 2-CARS model in a larger independent s le. Results found that in iduals with a strong Reward Drive showed higher Positive Outcome Expectancies, while in iduals high in Rash Impulsiveness were more likely to report reduced Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy. The present results also showed a theoretically unexpected pathway with a direct association between Rash Impulsiveness and Positive Outcome Expectancies. However, overall the results support the view that a greater understanding of hazardous drinking can be achieved by investigating the relationship between these personality and cognitive variables.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2202
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2006.05.014
Abstract: Biologically based personality traits such as reward and punishment sensitivity, and family factors, such as maternal dysfunctional eating and parental alcohol abuse, have been linked to hazardous drinking and disordered eating. However, specific relationships between personality and family factors in the development of these disorders are still unclear. A total of 443 women completed measures of reward and punishment sensitivity, family environment, maternal eating and parental drinking. Reward sensitivity was directly associated with both dysfunctional eating and drinking. Punishment sensitivity was associated with dysfunctional eating but not hazardous drinking. Punishment sensitivity mediated a chaotic family environment and daughters' dysfunctional eating. It is suggested that reward and punishment sensitivity are key traits to examine when investigating vulnerability to risky behaviour. Future research into disordered eating is likely to be advanced by an active search for mediators and moderators of family risk.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/AJS4.296
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2018.08.044
Abstract: There is growing interest in the provision of parenting support to substance misusing parents. This pragmatic, multi-center randomized controlled trial compared an intensive one-to-one parenting program (Parents under Pressure, PuP) with Treatment as Usual (TAU) in the UK. Parents were engaged in community-based substance misuse services and were primary caregivers of children less than 2.5 years of age. The primary outcome was child abuse potential, and secondary outcomes included measures of parental emotional regulation assessed at baseline, 6 and 12-months. A prospective economic evaluation was also conducted. Of 127 eligible parents, 115 met the inclusion criteria, and subsequently parents were randomly assigned to receive PuP (n = 48) or TAU (n = 52). Child abuse potential was significantly improved in those receiving the PuP program while those in TAU showed a deterioration across time in both intent-to-treat (p < 0.03) and per-protocol analyses (p < 0.01). There was also significant reliable change (recovery/improvement) in 30.6% of the PuP group compared with 10.3% of the TAU group (p < 0.02), and deterioration in 3% compared with 18% (p < 0.02). The probability that the program is cost-effective was approximately 51.8% if decision-makers are willing to pay £1000 for a unit improvement in the primary outcome, increasing to 98.0% at a £20,000 cost-effectiveness threshold for this measure. Up to one-third of substance dependent parents of children under 3-years of age can be supported to improve their parenting, using a modular, one-to-one parenting program. Further research is needed.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2007
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 08-2006
DOI: 10.1192/BJP.BP.105.014308
Abstract: Cannabis use appears to exacerbate psychotic symptoms and increase risk of psychotic relapse. However, the relative contribution of cannabis use compared with other risk factors is unclear. The influence of psychotic symptoms on cannabis use has received little attention. To examine the influence of cannabis use on psychotic symptom relapse and the influence of psychotic symptom severity on relapse in cannabis use in the 6 months following hospital admission. At baseline, 84 participants with recent-onset psychosis were assessed and 81 were followed up weekly for 6 months, using telephone and face-to-face interviews. A higher frequency of cannabis use was predictive of psychotic relapse, after controlling for medication adherence, other substance use and duration of untreated psychosis. An increase in psychotic symptoms was predictive of relapse to cannabis use, and medication adherence reduced cannabis relapse risk. The relationship between cannabis use and psychosis may be bidirectional, highlighting the need for early intervention programmes to target cannabis use and psychotic symptom severity in this population.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.15579
Abstract: Family‐focused interventions can improve family functioning when parents have substance use problems. However, there has been little focus upon potential predictors of change and analysis of mechanisms of change. This study aims to identify mediators and moderators of change in a pragmatic, multi‐site, randomized controlled trial of the Parents under Pressure (PuP) programme, a family‐focused intervention for parents with substance use and other problems, and treatment‐as‐usual (TAU). Secondary analysis of data: multi‐level modelling was used to investigate moderators of treatment outcome mediation was tested with cross‐lagged models. Community‐based family support services in the United Kingdom. Parents ( n = 100) attending community‐based addiction services with children aged 2.5 years or younger. Predictors of the primary outcome, child abuse potential, were: baseline child age and gender, composite family risk score, parental substance use and parental emotional dysregulation. Mediation was tested across three time‐points with the observed variables parental emotion dysregulation and child abuse potential. Increased child age [ Z = 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01, 0.33] at baseline was associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential for PuP programme participants compared with TAU. Poorer parental emotional regulation ( Z = 2.48, 95% CI = –2.76, −0.32) was associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential for all participants. Parental substance use (either recent use or primary substance of concern) did not alter any treatment effects on child abuse potential. The mediation analysis showed that PuP produced greater improvements in emotional regulation at post‐treatment ( P 0.001) compared with TAU, which predicted lower child abuse potential at 6‐month follow up ( P 0.05). For UK parents enrolled in a family‐focused intervention, baseline measurements of higher child age appear to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6‐month follow‐up in PuP participants compared with treatment as usual (TAU). Poorer parental emotional regulation and, potentially, higher family risk, appears to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6‐month follow‐up in PuP and TAU. Emotional regulation appeared to act as a mediator as improvements in parental emotional regulation post‐treatment appeared to be associated with greater reductions in child abuse potential at 6‐month follow up. Notably, participation in the PuP programme led to better parental emotional regulation compared with TAU.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAT.2010.08.002
Abstract: Relatively little is known about the clinical course of symptoms in patients with a substance-induced psychosis (SIP) compared with those with a primary psychotic disorder (PPD). In this study, symptoms associated with psychosis were monitored across admission in two groups of patients: those with SIP ( hetamines or cannabis n = 47) and those with PPD (n = 51). Sixty-two percent of patients were first admissions, 23% had one previous admission, and a further 14% had had two previous admissions. Symptoms were monitored using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Scores on the positive symptoms scale, negative symptoms scale, manic excitement, and negative mood were reported as was the extent of observed disturbed behavior at admission and then at Days 4/5, 8/9, 15/16, 22/23, 29/30, 36/37, 43/44, and 50/51. Patients with a SIP experienced more severe mania and disturbed behavior at admission than those with a PPD. However, these symptoms abated more rapidly for the SIP group during admission. Although positive symptom scores were equally high at admission for both groups, there was a more rapid abatement of these symptoms in the SIP group. Finally, negative symptoms were lower in the SIP group at admission and at Days 50/51, although the decline in symptoms was comparable in both groups.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-12-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2016.01.018
Abstract: Meth hetamine use can produce symptoms almost indistinguishable from schizophrenia. Distinguishing between the two conditions has been h ered by the lack of a validated symptom profile for meth hetamine-induced psychiatric symptoms. We use data from a longitudinal cohort study to examine the profile of psychiatric symptoms that are acutely exacerbated by meth hetamine use. 164 meth hetamine users, who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime primary psychotic disorder, were followed monthly for one year to assess the relationship between days of meth hetamine use and symptom severity on the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms with meth hetamine use was quantified using random coefficient models. The dimensions of symptom exacerbation were examined using principal axis factoring and a latent profile analysis. Symptoms exacerbated by meth hetamine loaded on three factors: positive psychotic symptoms (suspiciousness, unusual thought content, hallucinations, bizarre behavior) affective symptoms (depression, suicidality, guilt, hostility, somatic concern, self-neglect) and psychomotor symptoms (tension, excitement, distractibility, motor hyperactivity). Meth hetamine use did not significantly increase negative symptoms. Vulnerability to positive psychotic and affective symptom exacerbation was shared by 28% of participants, and this vulnerability aligned with a past year DSM-IV diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis (38% vs. 22%, χ(2)(df1)=3.66, p=0.056). Meth hetamine use produced a symptom profile comprised of positive psychotic and affective symptoms, which aligned with a diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis, with no evidence of a negative syndrome.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-019-00886-5
Abstract: The quality of caregiving is often compromised when mothers have co-occurring difficulties such as substance misuse and problems associated with extreme emotional dysregulation. These, in turn, are associated with poor child outcomes. The aim of the current study was twofold. First, to investigate the potential differences in risk factors associated with poor child outcome by comparing three groups: substance misusing mothers (Substance Misusing Mothers SMM) mothers matched on demographic characteristics (Matched Comparison Mothers MCM) and mothers recruited from the community (Matched Control Comparison MCC). Second, to investigate the underlying mechanisms which are associated with poor child outcome by testing a mediated moderation model to ascertain (i) whether environmental risk and borderline psychopathology was a mediator between maternal childhood trauma and quality of caregiving and (ii) maternal substance misuse status moderated outcome. There were no significant differences found between the SMM and MCM groups on the key variables, but significant differences on all variables for both SMM and MCM compared to CCM. The moderated mediation analysis found that while there was significant mediation of environmental risk and borderline pathology between maternal childhood trauma and child outcome, this was not moderated by maternal substance abuse status. The importance of environmental-risk as a mechanism leading to reduced caregiving quality suggest treatment programs need to consider targeting these factors in high risk families.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1080/09595230802130158
Abstract: Little is known about motives or expectancies for cannabis use in psychotic populations, despite these cognitive factors being a central focus of the treatment for substance misuse in psychosis. This study examined the relationship between cannabis use expectancies, cannabis use and psychotic symptoms among cannabis using psychotic inpatients. A secondary aim was to determine if there were significant differences in the cannabis use expectancies of psychotic patients with and without Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV) cannabis dependence. Participants consisted of 101 in-patients with psychosis who had used cannabis more than five times in the past year. Expectancies were assessed using the Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ). The frequency of cannabis use, severity of cannabis dependence, presence of DSM-IV cannabis dependence and severity of psychotic symptoms were also assessed using standardised measures. Results suggested that cannabis use expectancies were associated with cannabis use but not symptom variables. Expectancies for cannabis use predicted recent cannabis use and the presence and severity of cannabis dependence. Psychotic patients with DSM-IV cannabis dependence had significantly higher expectancies for negative effects from cannabis use. Prospective research examining the influence of motives and expectancies for cannabis use on cannabis use and psychotic symptoms is required to obtain a greater understanding of substance use in psychosis and assist with the development of innovative treatment interventions.
Publisher: National Institute for Health and Care Research
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.3310/YOWK7214
Abstract: The impact of parental drug use on children is a major public health problem. However, opioid-dependent fathers have been largely ignored in parenting research. To implement and test the feasibility and acceptability of the Parents under Pressure programme (PuP4Dads) for opioid-dependent fathers and their families, and to determine whether or not a full-scale evaluation could be conducted. A mixed-methods feasibility study. Two non-NHS family support services for parents who use drugs in Scotland. Fathers prescribed opioid substitution therapy ( n = 25), their partners ( n = 17) and children, as well as practitioners, supervisors, service managers and referrers. A home-visiting programme, including an integrated theoretical framework, case formulation, collaborative goal-setting and modules designed to improve parenting, the caregiving environment and child welfare. The programme was delivered flexibly over 6 months by accredited practitioners. Feasibility progression criteria included the recruitment target ( n = 24 fathers), acceptability of PuP4Dads, father engagement in the study (including a minimum of 66% of fathers completing PuP and a minimum of 10 fathers completing baseline and post-treatment research interviews), engagement in qualitative interviews (including a minimum of 10 fathers and 90% practitioner uptake and 80% manager uptake), focus groups (with a minimum of 80% referrer uptake), adequate fidelity and no adverse events. The following researcher-administered validated questionnaires were used: the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale, the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale, the Emotional Availability Scale, the Brief Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Conflict Tactics Scale, Treatment Outcome Profile and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version. Other sources included parent-completed service use (an economic measure), social work child protection data, NHS opioid substitution therapy prescription data and practitioner-reported attendance data. We also conducted interviews with fathers ( n = 23), mothers ( n = 14), practitioners ( n = 8), supervisors ( n = 2) and service managers ( n = 7) conducted focus groups with referrers ( n = 28) and held an ‘expert event’ with stakeholders ( n = 39) . The PuP4Dads was successfully delivered within non-NHS settings and was considered acceptable and suitable for the study population. Referrals ( n = 44) resulted in 38 (86%) eligible fathers, of whom 25 (66%) fathers and 17 partners/mothers consented to participate. Most fathers reported no previous parenting support. A total of 248 sessions was delivered to the 20 fathers and 14 mothers who started the intervention. Fourteen fathers (and 10 mothers) completed ≥ 6 sessions and six fathers (and four mothers) completed ≤ 5 sessions. Father and mother attendance rates were equal (mean 71%). Median length of engagement for fathers was 26 weeks and for mothers it was 30 weeks. Twenty-three fathers completed interviews at baseline, 16 fathers completed interviews at follow-up 1 and 13 fathers completed interviews at follow-up 2. Outcome measures were well tolerated however, the suitability of some measures was dependent on family circumstances. The researcher-administered questionnaires had few missing data. The perceived benefits of PuP4Dads reported by parents, practitioners and managers included the following: the therapeutic focus on fathers improved parental emotion regulation, there was improved understanding and responding to child’s needs, there was better multiagency working and the programme was a good fit with practice ‘ethos’ and policy agenda. Learning highlighted the importance of service-wide adoption and implementation support, strategies to improve recruitment and retention of fathers, managing complex needs of both parents concurrently, understanding contextual factors affecting programme delivery and variables affecting intervention engagement and outcomes. Lack of emotional availability and economic (service use) data. A larger evaluation of PuP4Dads is feasible. Further work is required to demonstrate the effectiveness of PuP4Dads and the cost implications. A better understanding is needed of how the intervention works, for whom, under what circumstances and why. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN43209618. This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research Vol. 10, No. 3. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2016.02.038
Abstract: This study examined correlates of transient versus persistent psychotic symptoms among people dependent on meth hetamine. A longitudinal prospective cohort study of dependent meth hetamine users who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for lifetime schizophrenia or mania. Four non-contiguous one-month observation periods were used to identify participants who had a) no psychotic symptoms, (n=110) (b) psychotic symptoms only when using meth hetamine (transient psychotic symptoms, n=85) and, (c) psychotic symptoms both when using meth hetamine and when abstaining from meth hetamine (persistent psychotic symptoms, n=37). Psychotic symptoms were defined as a score of 4 or greater on any of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale items of suspiciousness, hallucinations or unusual thought content. Relative no psychotic symptoms, both transient and persistent psychotic symptoms were associated with childhood conduct disorder and comorbid anxiety disorders. Earlier onset meth hetamine use and being male were more specifically related to transient psychotic symptoms, while a family history of a primary psychotic disorder and comorbid major depression were specifically related to persistent psychotic symptoms. We conclude that there are overlapping but also distinct clinical correlates of transient versus persistent psychotic symptoms, suggesting potentially heterogeneous etiological pathways underpinning the psychotic phenomena seen amongst people who use meth hetamine.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2014
DOI: 10.1111/CFS.12036
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-07-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.2012.03933.X
Abstract: To evaluate the impact of community-based drug treatment on meth hetamine use using inverse probability of treatment-weighted (IPTW) estimators to derive treatment effects. A longitudinal prospective cohort study with follow-ups at 3 months, 1 year and 3 years. Treatment effects were derived by comparing groups at follow-up. IPTW estimators were used to adjust for pre-treatment differences between groups. Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. Participants were meth hetamine users entering community-based detoxification (n = 112) or residential rehabilitation (n = 248) services and a quasi-control group of meth hetamine users (n = 101) recruited from the community. Frequency of meth hetamine use between interviews (no use, less than weekly, 1-2 days per week, 3+ days per week), continuous abstinence from meth hetamine use, past month meth hetamine use and meth hetamine dependence. Detoxification did not reduce meth hetamine use at any follow-up relative to the quasi-control group. Relative to quasi-control and detoxification groups combined, residential rehabilitation produced large reductions in the frequency of meth hetamine use at 3 months [odds ratio (OR) = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15-0.36, P < 0.001), with a marked attenuation of this effect at 1 year (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.97, P = 0.038) and 3 years (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.42-1.19, P = 0.189). The greatest impact was for abstinence: for every 100 residential rehabilitation clients there was a gain of 33 being continuously abstinent at 3 months, with this falling to 14 at 1 year and 6 at 3 years. Community-based residential rehabilitation may produce a time-limited decrease in meth hetamine use, while detoxification alone does not appear to do so.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2016.06.007
Abstract: The effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol are wide-ranging and pervasive in nature. In response to growing concerns about the lifelong disabilities related to prenatal alcohol exposure, a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnostic clinic was established in 2012. This was the first multi-disciplinary service operating permanently within an Australian health service. The current study aimed to explore the lived experience of the diagnostic process for caregivers of children with FASD. Twelve caregivers were approached and ten participated in audiotaped interviews about caring for a child with FASD. Qualitative analysis was undertaken on transcribed interviews using NVivo 10 for thematic analysis. The major themes that emerged were: a desire for future support for their child although uncertainty about how this support could be accessed an understanding of FASD prior to assessment but a concerted concern that this condition was not recognised as a disability across educational and related settings that a formal assessment process provided validation for caregiver concerns and that caregivers felt respected and understood by the clinical team during this process. These findings highlight the concerns of caregivers, emphasising both the importance of diagnostic services and the need for provision of further support beyond diagnosis for a child with FASD. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD?: This study provides information on the lived experiences of caregivers who attended the first multi-disciplinary FASD assessment and diagnostic service in Australia. This study provides valuable insight into the ongoing difficulties that families are experiencing following diagnosis in the current Australian context.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.MIDW.2014.03.011
Abstract: around 50% of women report symptoms that indicate some aspect of their childbirth experience was 'traumatic', and at least 3.1% meet diagnosis for PTSD six months post partum. Here we aimed to conduct a prospective longitudinal study and examine predictors of birth-related trauma - predictors that included a range of pre-event factors - as a first step in the creation of a screening questionnaire. of the 933 women who completed an assessment in their third trimester, 866 were followed-up at four to six week post partum. Two canonical discriminant function analyses were conducted to ascertain factors associated with experiencing birth as traumatic and, of the women who found the birth traumatic, which factors were associated with those who developed PTSD. a mix of 16 pre-birth predictor variables and event-specific predictor variables distinguished women who reported symptoms consistent with trauma from those who did not. Fourteen predictor variables distinguished women who went on to develop PTSD from those who did not. anxiety sensitivity to possible birthing problems, breached birthing expectations, and severity of any actual birth problem, predicted those who found the birth traumatic. Prior trauma was the single most important predictive factor of PTSD. Evaluating the utility of brief, cost-effective, and accurate screening for women at risk of developing birth-related PTSD is suggested.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2015
DOI: 10.1002/CAR.2371
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-10-2018
DOI: 10.1002/CAR.2491
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12519
Abstract: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a significant public health concern, and growing recognition in Australia led to the establishment of a specialist service for young children. The aim of the current study was to report on the diagnostic profile of a group of children who attended the service, to document the extent to which there were comorbid diagnoses and to provide information on the neurocognitive functioning of the children. This study was a retrospective chart review conducted by the diagnostic service. A pre-formulated tool to extract the diagnostic data from the client files was designed, a chart review was performed, and the required data was extracted. FASD diagnoses were made using the 4-Digit Diagnostic Code. Thirty-one families participated, and the majority of children were diagnosed with static encephalopathy (alcohol exposed) or neurobehavioral disorder (alcohol exposed) (11 children each 36%). Only one child was diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (alcohol exposed), and five children were diagnosed with partial fetal alcohol syndrome (alcohol exposed). Twenty-six children (84%) had a comorbid diagnosis, with 19 (61%) having a comorbid diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. While the majority of children were not found to display growth deficiency or significant facial features, 18 children (58%) had significant central nervous system dysfunction. The current study demonstrates that with the relevant training and expertise, assessment and diagnosis of FASD can be embedded within the existing health services available in Australia. [Reid N, Shelton D,Warner J, O'Callaghan F, Dawe S. Profile of children diagnosed with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A retrospective chart review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017 :000-000].
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAT.2006.10.003
Abstract: High rates of child abuse and neglect occur in many families in which either or both parents abuse illicit drugs. This study reports on the results of a randomized controlled trial with families having a parent on methadone maintenance (N = 64), in which an intensive, home-based intervention, the Parents Under Pressure (PUP) program, was compared to standard care. A second brief intervention control group of families received a two-session parenting education intervention. The PUP intervention draws from the ecological model of child development by targeting multiple domains of family functioning including the psychological functioning of in iduals in the family, parent-child relationships, and social contextual factors. Mindfulness skills were included to address parental affect regulation, a significant problem for this group of parents. At 3- and 6-month follow-up, PUP families showed significant reductions in problems across multiple domains of family functioning, including a reduction in child abuse potential, rigid parenting attitudes, and child behavior problems. Families in the brief intervention group showed a modest reduction in child abuse potential but no other changes in family function. There were no improvements found in the standard care group and some significant worsening was observed. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for improved treatment.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1093/BJSW/BCU150
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1080/09595230412331324545
Abstract: Traditional models of co-occurring substance misuse in psychosis, including the vulnerability and coping (self-medication) hypotheses, have tended to focus on state-specific factors, such as the severity of substance misuse or psychotic symptoms. In contrast, more recent personality models posit that co-morbidity is related to in idual differences in stable trait-specific personality variables that underlie affective outcomes, coping strategies and subsequent risk for substance use. This paper reviews the current evidence base for these three models, and suggests that future research examine the inter-relationships between trait and state-specific personality, affective and behavioural variables on co-morbidity.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-11-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CFS.12108
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2017
Abstract: The quality of caregiving in mothers with substance abuse problems appears to be compromised. However, ergent findings, methodological variability, and s le characteristics point to the need for research synthesis. A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken. Studies were eligible if they (1) compared substance-misusing mothers with non–substance-misusing mothers, (2) involved children from birth to 3 years, and (3) maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness were measured using observational methodology. A global meta-analysis for maternal sensitivity (n = 24 studies) and child responsiveness (n = 16 studies) on 3433 mother-infant dyads yielded significant population effect sizes and significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses found reduced heterogeneity when the meta-analysis was conducted on studies where groups were matched on key demographic characteristics although the effect size was small, it was still significant for maternal sensitivity but not child responsiveness. Compromised quality of caregiving is found in high-risk, substance-misusing mothers, emphasising the importance of early intervention that draws from attachment-based interventions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: SciELO Espana/Repisalud
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1530-0277.2010.01222.X
Abstract: Recent work suggests that 2 biologically based traits convey risk for alcohol misuse: reward sensitivity/drive and (rash) impulsiveness. However, the cognitive mechanisms through which these traits convey risk are unclear. This study tested a model predicting that the risk conveyed by reward sensitivity is mediated by a learning bias for the reinforcing outcomes of alcohol consumption (i.e., positive alcohol expectancy). The model also proposed that the risk conveyed by rash impulsiveness (RI) is mediated by drinkers' perceived ability to resist alcohol (i.e., drinking refusal self-efficacy). Study 1 tested the model in a s le of young adults (n = 342). Study 2 tested the model in a s le of treatment-seeking substance abusers (n = 121). All participants completed a battery of personality, cognitive, and alcohol use questionnaires and models were tested using structural equation modeling. In both studies, the hypothesized model was found to provide a good fit to the data, and a better fit than alternative models. In both young adults and treatment-seeking in iduals, positive alcohol expectancy fully mediated the association between reward sensitivity and hazardous alcohol use. For treatment seekers, drinking refusal self-efficacy fully mediated the association between RI and hazardous drinking. However, there was partial mediation in the young adult s le. Furthermore, neither trait was directly associated with the other cognitive mediator. The hypothesized model was confirmed on a large s le of young adults and replicated on a s le of treatment-seeking substance abusers. Taken together, these findings shed further light on the mechanisms through which an impulsive temperament may convey risk for alcohol misuse.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2017.06.004
Abstract: Growing evidence shows that children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) can benefit from interventions, and specifically interventions focused on improving self-regulation. However, novel ways of improving outcomes for children with FASD need further investigation so that programs target not only the in idual child but also the family context, which includes the parent-child relationship. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an adapted version of the Parents under Pressure (PuP) program that addresses self-regulatory processes, through improving the parent-child relationship and the use of mindfulness-based strategies for both children and parents. This was a mixed methods study. Feasibility was examined by evaluating recruitment, data collection/outcome measures, and intervention procedures. The study used a phenomenological approach to obtain qualitative information from caregivers and a single-case experimental design to evaluate the preliminary participant responses to the intervention. Two out of three families completed treatment. The recruitment and intervention procedures were found to be suitable for and acceptable to the families involved. Some concerns were identified regarding the outcome measures that would need to be addressed in future research. Quantitative and qualitative outcomes were positive. The results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of an adapted version of the PuP program. Thus, offering a potential multi-component option, that aims to improve self-regulatory skills for children with FASD, through focusing on improving the parent-child relationship and incorporating mindfulness-based techniques for both parents and children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.2006.01669.X
Abstract: To determine the reliability and validity of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) for detecting cannabis dependence in a large s le of in-patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Cross-sectional study. Participants were 153 in-patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder in Brisbane, Australia. Participants were administered the SDS for cannabis dependence in the past 12 months. The presence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Version-IV (DSM-IV) cannabis dependence in the previous 12 months was assessed using the Comprehensive International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The SDS had high levels of internal consistency and strong construct and concurrent validity. In iduals with a score of >or = 2 on the SDS were nearly 30 times more likely to have DSM-IV cannabis dependence. The SDS was the strongest predictor of DSM-IV cannabis dependence after controlling for other predictor variables. The SDS is a brief, valid and reliable screen for cannabis dependence among people with psychosis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S12671-022-01982-9
Abstract: Despite a large evaluation literature for interventions aiming to improve the lives of families affected by parent substance misuse, very few studies have examined how families change when engaged with treatment. This study examines the interactive process of change in parent psychopathology and mindful parenting during participation in the Parents under Pressure (PuP) program for parents engaged in community addiction services. Parents ( n = 164) provided baseline, mid- and end-treatment measures of parent psychopathology and mindful parenting. Cross-lagged modelling was used to examine therapeutic process of change. Parent psychopathology decreased, and mindful parenting increased from baseline to end-treatment ( p s .001). Less psychopathology at mid-treatment predicted higher levels of overall mindful parenting upon completion of the PuP program ( p = .005). Examination of the mindful parenting dimensions revealed variation in the therapeutic process of change. While higher levels of Non-Judgemental Acceptance of Parental Functioning (NJAPF) at baseline predicted lower psychopathology at mid-treatment ( p = .03), higher levels of Compassion for Child (CC) at baseline predicted greater psychopathology at mid-treatment ( p = 0.004). Higher levels of NJAPF mid-treatment predicted lower psychopathology upon treatment completion ( p = .023), yet higher levels of Emotional Awareness of Child (EAC) at mid-treatment predicted greater psychopathology upon treatment completion ( p = .023). Lower parent psychopathology at mid-treatment predicted higher levels of LFA, EAC, Self-Regulation in Parenting and NJAPF upon completion of the PuP program ( p s .05). The findings highlight the importance of reducing parent psychopathology as a precursor to more mindful parenting and also provide new evidence regarding the way in which variation in mindful parenting dimensions influences the therapeutic process of change.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.01.002
Abstract: Several impulsivity-related models have been applied to understanding the vulnerability to addiction. While there is a growing consensus that impulsivity is multifaceted, debate continues as to the precise number of facets and, more critically, which are most relevant to explaining the addiction-risk profile. In many ways, the current debate mirrors that which took place in the personality literature in the early 1990s (e.g., Eysenck's 'Big Three' versus Costa and McCrae's 'Big Five'). Indeed, many elements of this debate are relevant to the current discussion of the role of impulsivity in addictive behavior. Specifically, 1) the use of factor analysis as an atheoretical 'truth-grinding machine' 2) whether additional facets add explanatory power over fewer 3) the delineation of specific neurocognitive pathways from each facet to addictive behaviors, and 4) the relative merit of 'top-down' versus 'bottom-up' approaches to the understanding of impulsivity. Ultimately, the utility of any model of impulsivity and addiction lies in its heuristic value and ability to integrate evidence from different levels of analysis. Here, we make the case that theoretically-driven, bottom-up models proposing two factors deliver the optimal balance of explanatory power, parsimony, and integration of evidence.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S10802-008-9275-Z
Abstract: Past research has emphasised the importance of children's appraisals of the threat posed by parent conflict for understanding links between interparental conflict and child outcomes. However, little is known about what it is that children actually find threatening about parent conflict. Children (n = 236) aged 10-16 years were recruited to examine the relative contribution of four specific threat subtypes--fear of parent conflict escalating, fear of being drawn into parent conflict, fear of parent conflict resulting in family breakdown, and fear of parent conflict disrupting parent/child attachment relationships--in explaining links between interparental conflict and child internalising adjustment. Results showed that children's worries about being drawn into parent conflict mediated the relationship between interparental conflict and child internalising adjustment. Fear of interparental conflict disrupting parent/child attachment bonds mediated the relationship between interparental conflict and child internalising problems for girls, but not boys. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering multiple dimensions of threat for advancing understanding of the processes underlying the interparental conflict/child adjustment relationship.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ACER.15012
Abstract: Early diagnosis of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) assists in implementing critical early support. The challenge lies in having a diagnostic process that enables valid and reliable assessment of domains of functioning in young children, with the added complexity that many children will also have co‐occurring exposure to childhood adversity that is likely to impact these domains. The aim of this study was to test a diagnostic assessment of FASD in young children using the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD. Ninety‐four children (aged 3 to 7 years) with confirmed or suspected prenatal alcohol exposure were referred to two specialist FASD clinics for assessment in Queensland, Australia. There was a significant risk profile with 68.1% ( n = 64) children having had contact with child protection services, and most children living in kinship ( n = 22, 27.7%) or foster ( n = 36, 40.4%) care. Forty‐one percent of the children were Indigenous Australians. The majority (64.9%, n = 61) of children met criteria for FASD, 30.9% were classified as “At Risk” for FASD ( n = 29), and 4.3% received no FASD diagnosis ( n = 4). Only 4 (4%) children were rated as severe for the brain domain. Over 60% of children ( n = 58) had two or more comorbid diagnoses. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the removal of comorbid diagnoses in the Attention, Affect Regulation, or Adaptive Functioning domains resulted in a change in 7 of 47 cases (15%) to an “At Risk” designation. These results highlight the complexity of presentation and the extent of impairment in the s le. The use of comorbid diagnoses to substantiate a “severe” designation in specific neurodevelopmental domains raises the question of whether there were false‐positive diagnoses. The complexity of determining causal relationships between exposure to PAE and early life adversity on developmental outcomes continues to be a challenge in this young population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1001/JAMAPSYCHIATRY.2013.283
Abstract: Meth hetamine is associated with psychotic phenomena, but it is not clear to what extent this relationship is due to premorbid psychosis among people who use the drug. To determine the change in the probability of psychotic symptoms occurring during periods of meth hetamine use. Longitudinal prospective cohort study. A fixed-effects analysis of longitudinal panel data, consisting of 4 noncontiguous 1-month observation periods, was used to examine the relationship between changes in meth hetamine use and the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms within in iduals over time. Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. A total of 278 participants 16 years of age or older who met DSM-IV criteria for meth hetamine dependence on entry to the study but who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for lifetime schizophrenia or mania. Clinically significant psychotic symptoms in the past month, defined as a score of 4 or more on any of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale items of suspiciousness, hallucinations, or unusual thought content. The number of days of meth hetamine use in the past month was assessed using the Opiate Treatment Index. There was a 5-fold increase in the likelihood of psychotic symptoms during periods of meth hetamine use relative to periods of no use (odds ratio [OR], 5.3 [95% CI, 3.4-8.3] P < .001), this increase being strongly dose-dependent (1-15 days of meth hetamine use vs abstinence in the past month: OR, 4.0 [95% CI, 2.5-6.5] ≥16 days of meth hetamine use vs abstinence in the past month: OR, 11.2 [95% CI, 5.9-21.1]). Frequent cannabis and/or alcohol use (≥16 days of use in the past month) further increased the odds of psychotic symptoms (cannabis: OR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.1-3.5] alcohol: OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.1-4.2]). There was a large dose-dependent increase in the occurrence of psychotic symptoms during periods of meth hetamine use among users of the drug.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14181
Abstract: To estimate the extent to which specific sexual behaviours (being sexually active, having multiple sex partners, casual sex, condomless casual sex, anal sex and condomless anal sex) change during periods of meth hetamine use. Within-person estimates for the relationship between meth hetamine use and sexual behaviour were derived from longitudinal panel data from the Meth hetamine Treatment Evaluation Study (MATES) cohort (2006-10). Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. Participants (n = 319) were recruited through treatment and other health services, self-identified as heterosexual, were aged 17-51 years, 74% were male and all were dependent on meth hetamine on study entry. Days of meth hetamine use in the past month and sexual behaviour in the past month were both assessed using the Opiate Treatment Index. When using meth hetamine, participants had double the odds of being sexually active compared with when they were not using, after adjustment for demographics and other substance use [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.9, P = 0.010]. When participants were sexually active, they were more likely to have multiple sex partners (aOR = 3.3, P = 0.001), casual sex partners (aOR = 3.9, P < 0.001) and condomless casual sex (aOR = 2.6, P = 0.012) when using meth hetamine than when they were not using. During months when participants had a casual sex partner, there was no significant reduction in their likelihood of condom use when they were using meth hetamine. There was no significant change in the likelihood of having anal sex or condomless anal sex during months of meth hetamine use. Meth hetamine use is associated with an increase in being sexually active, having multiple sex partners and casual sex partners and having condomless sex with casual partners, but it is not associated with a change in condom use per se.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-04-2019
DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2018.1461948
Abstract: To explore the differences in baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) between children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and typically developing children (TDC) and to investigate whether children with FASD have the capacity to engage in a brief mindfulness exercise. Participants were 14 children with FASD and 20 TDC. RSA was measured at baseline, during, and following a mindfulness exercise. A mindfulness compliance checklist was completed to ascertain if children could follow the task instructions. Both groups obtained high scores on the mindfulness compliance checklist. There was a trend for children with FASD to have lower baseline RSA compared to TDC. Children in both groups demonstrated an increase in RSA during the mindfulness task. Children with FASD could engage in a mindfulness task, and both groups showed an increase in RSA. Further research is needed to establish whether prolonged mindfulness practice could be beneficial.
Publisher: Portico
Date: 11-04-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ACER.12903
Abstract: In iduals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) can experience profound impairments and long-term adverse outcomes. This systematic review adopts a life span perspective providing an extensive analysis of the available literature. Studies were identified from PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, ERIC, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature. Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract of each reference, and the methodological rigor of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Project assessment tool. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, of which the vast majority targeted early to middle childhood. Two studies focused on early intervention in the postnatal period, and 6 studies aimed to improve attention and/or self-regulation in childhood. Three of these provided promising evidence on improving self-regulatory difficulties for children with FASDs. Nine studies focused on improving specific areas of dysfunction. Six studies addressed social skills 3 of these used an adaptation of a well-validated social skills program. Three studies provided promising initial evidence that parents and caregivers could benefit from support with child behavior and a further 4 studies provided education and advocacy for parents/caregivers, teachers, or child welfare workers. The final 2 studies were aimed at supporting parents who were themselves affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. There is growing evidence for interventions that improve outcomes for early to middle childhood. However, a lack of research exists outside of this developmental period. This lack of research is concerning given the potential positive impact of early intervention, for in iduals and, financially, for governments. In addition, the lack of interventions for adolescents and adults further highlights the widening developmental gap and the potential influence of secondary disabilities for this at-risk population.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.12474
Abstract: To determine whether violent behaviour increases during periods of meth hetamine use and whether this is due to meth hetamine-induced psychotic symptoms. A fixed-effects (within-subject) analysis of four non-contiguous 1-month observation periods from a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. A total of 278 participants aged 16 years or older who met DSM-IV criteria for meth hetamine dependence on entry to the study but who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for life-time schizophrenia or mania. Violent behaviour was defined as severe hostility in the past month on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (corresponding to assault/damage to property). Days of meth hetamine and other substance use in the past month were assessed using the Opiate Treatment Index. Positive psychotic symptoms in the past month were identified using the BPRS. There was a dose-related increase in violent behaviour when an in idual was using meth hetamine compared with when they were not after adjusting for other substance use and socio-demographics [cf. no use in the past month: 1-15 days of use odds ratio (OR) = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.6-4.9 16+ days of use OR = 9.5, 95% CI = 4.8-19.1]. The odds of violent behaviour were further increased by psychotic symptoms (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1-3.6), which accounted for 22-30% of violent behaviour related to meth hetamine use. Heavy alcohol consumption also increased the risk of violent behaviour (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-7.0) and accounted for 12-18% of the violence risk related to meth hetamine use. There is a dose-related increase in violent behaviour during periods of meth hetamine use that is largely independent of the violence risk associated with psychotic symptoms.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2013.07.003
Abstract: Impulsivity is clearly associated with adolescent substance use. However, contemporary models of impulsivity argue against a unitary construct and propose at least two potential facets of impulsivity: reward drive and disinhibition. This study investigated the mediating role of prosocial risk‐taking in the association between these two facets of impulsivity, family environment, and substance use in Grade 8 students, age 12–14 years ( N = 969). For girls, traits related to disinhibition referred to as rash impulsivity were directly associated with greater substance use and, unexpectedly, reward drive was indirectly associated with greater substance use through participation in physical‐risk activities, which itself predicted greater use. For boys, participation in physical‐risk activities was the only direct predictor of substance use and, as in girls, reward drive conveyed indirect risk through this pathway. Family environment, reward drive, and rash impulsivity were associated with participation in performance‐risk activities, and prosocial behavior more generally, but neither of these hypothesized mediators was related to substance use.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2014.11.077
Abstract: This study investigates the rates of primary psychotic disorders (PPD) and substance-induced psychotic disorders (SIPDs) in meth hetamine (MA) users accessing needle and syringe programs (NSPs). The aim was to determine if there are systematic differences in the characteristics of MA users with PPDs and SIPDs compared to those with no psychotic disorder. Participants were 198 MA users reporting use in the previous month. Diagnosis was determined using the Psychiatric Research Interview for DSM-IV Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV). Current psychiatric symptoms and substance use were also measured. Just over half (n=101) of participants met DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime psychotic disorder, including 81 (80%) with a SIPD and 20 (20%) with a PPD. Those with a younger age of onset of weekly MA use were at increased risk of a lifetime SIPD. A current psychotic disorder was found in 62 (39%), comprising 49 SIPDs (79%) and 13 PPDs (21%). MA users with a current PPD were more likely to have received psychiatric treatment in the past month than those with a current SIPD, despite a similar level of psychotic symptom severity. A high proportion of MA users accessing NSPs have psychotic disorders, the majority of which are substance-induced.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2008.06.003
Abstract: The initial use of illicit drugs and alcohol typically occurs during adolescence. In idual differences in impulsivity and related constructs are consistently identified as key factors in the initiation and later problematic use of substances. Consequently, impulsivity is generally regarded as a negative trait one that conveys only risk. However, what is often overlooked in addiction science is the positive role facets of trait impulsivity can play in everyday life and adaptive functioning. The following review aims to summarize recent advances in the psychobiology of impulsivity, including current perspectives on how it can convey risk for substance misuse. The review will also consider the importance of adolescence as a phase of life characterized by substantial neurodevelopment and natural increases in impulsivity. Uniquely, the review aims to reframe thinking on adolescent impulsivity to include the positive with the negative, and discuss how such thinking can benefit efforts for early intervention and future research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1002/CL2.1009
No related organisations have been discovered for Sharon Dawe.
Start Date: 06-2019
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $427,234.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 06-2005
End Date: 11-2007
Amount: $110,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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