ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0922-4986
Current Organisations
Victoria University of Manchester
,
Australian National University
,
University of Queensland
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Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1994
DOI: 10.1086/117028
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-2006
DOI: 10.1017/S1743921306006557
Abstract: This paper reviews the star formation history of the Universe, from the first stars to the current day, with emphasis on the critical analysis of the techniques that have been used to determine it, especially considering the role of dust. We consider the first population of stars, the Population III stars, were formed at redshifts ranging as high as z ~ 60, the formation of the Globular Clusters, the main epoch of galaxy formation. In the sub-mm galaxies and high-redshift radio galaxies the collapse of massive galaxies was surprisingly rapid, and that the growth of super-massive black holes at their centers provides the energy input to eject the galactic interstellar medium while at the same time precipitating a final burst of star formation and the ejection of their ISM so that the subsequent evolution of these galaxies is passive.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-06-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2022.02.037
Abstract: Rational design with fine-tuning of the electrocatalyst material is vital for achieving the desired sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for an electrochemical sensor. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical core-shell catalyst was employed as a self-standing, binder-free electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The catalyst was prepared by decorating the shell of NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets (NSs) on the core of Cu nanowires (NWs) grown on a Cu foam support. The optimized 3D core-shell Cu@NiFe LDH sensor demonstrated higher sensitivity (7.88 mA mM
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-02-2022
Abstract: Understanding the evolution of the N/O ratio in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies is essential if we are to complete our picture of the chemical evolution of galaxies at high redshift, since most observational calibrations of O/H implicitly depend upon the intrinsic N/O ratio. The observed N/O ratio, however, shows large scatter at low O/H, and is strongly dependent on galactic environment. We show that several heretofore unexplained features of the N/O distribution at low O/H can be explained by the N seen in metal-poor galaxies being mostly primary nitrogen that is returned to the ISM via pre-supernova winds from rapidly rotating massive stars (M ≳ 10 M⊙, v/vcrit ≳ 0.4). This mechanism naturally produces the observed N/O plateau at low O/H. We show that the large scatter in N/O at low O/H also arises naturally from variations in star-formation efficiency. By contrast, models in which the N and O come primarily from supernovae provide a very poor fit to the observed abundance distribution. We propose that the peculiar abundance patterns we observe at low O/H are a signature that dwarf galaxies retain little of their SN ejecta, leaving them with abundance patterns typical of winds.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-04-2017
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-10-2008
DOI: 10.1086/591547
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-04-2017
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1063/1.1913931
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-02-2019
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 1987
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.1086/176596
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1977
DOI: 10.1007/BF00648128
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1994
DOI: 10.1086/174050
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1063/1.1913939
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1071/AS98144
Abstract: We present the results of a deep and uniform narrow-band H α imaging survey for planetary nebulæ (PNe) in the southern galactic bulge. The goal of this survey was to obtain a s le of bulge tracers which can be used to study the dynamics of the Milky Way bulge (Beaulieu 1996).
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-09-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.541264
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-08-1998
DOI: 10.1086/305969
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-08-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-12-2018
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 27-03-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.24.485705
Abstract: Long-acting and reversible contraceptives (LARC) are the most widely used form of female contraception worldwide, however they have significant side-effects that often result in early removal. Most LARCs are hormonal, but the use of exogenous hormones is not suitable for all women and causes side-effects in many others. The copper IUD (CuIUD) is the only non-hormonal LARC, but a large proportion of users suffer severe side effects. This study proposes the use of zinc as a suitable alternative to the CuIUD. A rat intrauterine device (IUD) model was established to test the efficacy of a zinc IUD (ZnIUD) against a CuIUD, and a control nylon IUD. The IUD was surgically implanted into one uterine horn while the other remained untreated. Both the ZnIUD and CuIUD resulted in significantly fewer implantation sites compared to untreated horns. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated horns in the control nylon IUD group. Histological assessment revealed damage and inflammation in the endometrium of CuIUD treated horns, but only minor epithelial damage in ZnIUD treated horns, closely resembling the normal appearance of the control horns. This suggests ZnIUDs may not share the side-effect profile of the CuIUD. To test the long-term efficacy of the ZnIUD, rats had a ZnIUD surgically implanted into both horns and cohoused with males for 3 months. These rats mated regularly but did not get pregnant, confirming the long-term effectiveness of the ZnIUD. Reversibility of the ZnIUD was also established, as removal of the ZnIUD after 3 months resulted in no significant difference in the number of implantation sites between treated and untreated horns. This study demonstrated the contraceptive efficacy of zinc and its potential as a LARC. The ZnIUD had minimal histological impact on the endometrium compared to the current copper standard, indicating that IUDs containing zinc may offer highly effective contraception while causing fewer side effects.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-04-2009
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-1984
DOI: 10.1086/162185
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1989
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-1984
DOI: 10.1086/162184
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 18-02-2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-06-2017
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.1086/422921
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-05-2016
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-03-2006
DOI: 10.1086/499762
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-12-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1086/431519
Abstract: We wished to characterize the epidemiological and clinical correlates of CXCR4-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ("X4 variants") in a cross-sectional analysis of a large population of antiretroviral-naive in iduals. HIV-1 coreceptor use was determined in the last pretherapy plasma s le for 1191 in iduals initiating triple-combination therapy in British Columbia, Canada. Baseline variables investigated included sociodemographic characteristics, plasma viral load (pVL), CD4 cell count, AIDS diagnosis, HIV-1 V3 loop sequence, and human CCR5 Delta 32 genotype. In iduals harboring X4 variants (n = 178 of 979 phenotyped s les 18.2%) displayed a poorer baseline clinical profile than in iduals harboring exclusively CCR5-using HIV-1 ("R5 variants") (median pVL, 175,000 vs. 120,000 copies of HIV-1 RNA/mL [P = .0006] median CD4 cell count, 110 vs. 290 cells/mm(3) [P < .0001]). In iduals heterozygous for the CCR5 Delta 32 deletion (n = 128 of 967 13.2%) were at 2.5 times higher risk of harboring X4 variants, compared with those without the deletion (multivariate P = .0005). The presence of basic amino acids at codon 11 and/or codon 25 of HIV-1 V3 (n = 109 of 955 11.4%) was associated with a 9.1 times higher risk of harboring X4 variants (multivariate P < .0001), regardless of CCR5 Delta 32 genotype. In multivariate analyses adjusting for baseline parameters, HIV-1 coreceptor use was not found to be a significant predictor of survival or treatment response. Baseline CD4 cell count, pVL, HIV-1 V3 sequence, and CCR5 Delta 32 genotype were the strongest determinants of CXCR4-using HIV-1 in this population. After adjustment for baseline parameters, the presence of X4 variants before initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy was not independently associated with a poorer outcome of therapy.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-01-2010
DOI: 10.1021/CM9034165
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-06-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-11-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 24-08-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-11-1997
DOI: 10.1086/304862
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-09-2015
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1989
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1977
DOI: 10.1086/190435
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1999
DOI: 10.1086/301116
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 21-12-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-01-2019
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STZ201
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-1991
DOI: 10.1086/191536
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 16-01-2008
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1991
DOI: 10.1086/186062
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-07-2000
DOI: 10.1086/309077
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1086/518126
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1997
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-02-2015
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STV081
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1086/318944
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-09-2013
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 23-01-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 19-10-1995
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF00212241
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 16-04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2007
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-06-2012
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-01-2002
DOI: 10.1086/324281
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-1994
DOI: 10.1086/174390
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2018
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1086/313396
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1982
DOI: 10.1086/183927
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2006
Abstract: We review current evidence for the existence of large emission‐line halos around high redshift radio galaxies. Detailed narrow‐band imaging and spectroscopic studies of these systems may help us understand the early stages of massive forming galaxies and AGN feedback. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-1994
DOI: 10.1086/174389
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1997
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-07-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-02-2015
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STV067
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-12-2009
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1983
DOI: 10.1086/161180
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-10-2012
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-1996
DOI: 10.1086/133825
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-07-2000
DOI: 10.1117/12.394020
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1086/589652
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1986
DOI: 10.1086/114083
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1086/508261
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 1999
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2008
Abstract: We investigated the associations between coreceptor use, V3 loop sequence, and CD4 count in a cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort of chronically HIV-infected, treatment-naive patients. HIV coreceptor usage was determined in the last pretherapy plasma s le for 977 in iduals initiating HAART in British Columbia, Canada using the Monogram Trofile Tropism assay. Relative light unit (RLU) readouts from the Trofile assay, as well as HIV V3 loop sequence data, were examined as a function of baseline CD4 cell count for 953 (97%) s les with both phenotype and genotype data available. Median CCR5 RLUs were high for both R5 and X4-capable s les, while CXCR4 RLUs were orders of magnitude lower for X4 s les (p < 0.001). CCR5 RLUs in R5 s les (N = 799) increased with decreasing CD4 count (p < 0.001), but did not vary with plasma viral load (pVL) (p = 0.74). In X4 s les (N = 178), CCR5 RLUs decreased with decreasing CD4 count (p = 0.046) and decreasing pVL (p = 0.097), while CXCR4 RLUs increased with decreasing pVL (p = 0.0008) but did not vary with CD4 (p = 0.96). RLUs varied with the presence of substitutions at V3 loop positions 11, 25, and 6-8. The prevalence and impact of substitutions at codons 25 and 6-8 were CD4 dependent as was the presence of amino acid mixtures in the V3 substitutions at position 11 were CD4 independent. Assay RLU measures predictably vary with both immunological and virological parameters. The ability to predict X4 virus using genotypic determinants at positions 25 and 6-8 of the V3 loop is CD4 dependent, while position 11 appears to be CD4 independent.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1979
DOI: 10.1086/190594
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00627353
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1997
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1987
DOI: 10.1086/165533
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-06-2018
Publisher: University of Queensland Library
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.14264/D7AD13D
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 15-12-2012
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01998-12
Abstract: HLA class I-associated polymorphisms identified at the population level mark viral sites under immune pressure by in idual HLA alleles. As such, analysis of their distribution, frequency, location, statistical strength, sequence conservation, and other properties offers a unique perspective from which to identify correlates of protective cellular immunity. We analyzed HLA-associated HIV-1 subtype B polymorphisms in 1,888 treatment-naïve, chronically infected in iduals using phylogenetically informed methods and identified characteristics of HLA-associated immune pressures that differentiate protective and nonprotective alleles. Over 2,100 HLA-associated HIV-1 polymorphisms were identified, approximately one-third of which occurred inside or within 3 residues of an optimally defined cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope. Differential CTL escape patterns between closely related HLA alleles were common and increased with greater evolutionary distance between allele group members. Among 9-mer epitopes, mutations at HLA-specific anchor residues represented the most frequently detected escape type: these occurred nearly 2-fold more frequently than expected by chance and were computationally predicted to reduce peptide-HLA binding nearly 10-fold on average. Characteristics associated with protective HLA alleles (defined using hazard ratios for progression to AIDS from natural history cohorts) included the potential to mount broad immune selection pressures across all HIV-1 proteins except Nef, the tendency to drive multisite and/or anchor residue escape mutations within known CTL epitopes, and the ability to strongly select mutations in conserved regions within HIV's structural and functional proteins. Thus, the factors defining protective cellular immune responses may be more complex than simply targeting conserved viral regions. The results provide new information to guide vaccine design and immunogenicity studies.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1997
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 16-03-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1986
DOI: 10.1086/164432
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJIC.2018.01.013
Abstract: Routine hand hygiene effectively removes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) from the ungloved hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) who are caring for patients under contact precautions, when exposure to bodily fluids is not expected. HCWs' ungloved hands were cultured after hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) or soap-and-water wash after routine clinical care of patients known to be colonized or infected with MRSA or VRE. Two hundred forty s les from 40 HCWs were tested and found to be culture negative for either MRSA or VRE after contact with patients when 3 pumps of ABHR (0/80) or plain soap-and-water wash (0/80) were used. No VRE was observed in any of the 120 s les collected. Two plates (2/40) grew 1 colony-forming unit of MRSA after 2 pumps of ABHR. Two HCWs with positive plates were cultured negative on retesting. We showed that appropriate hand hygiene was effective in removing MRSA and VRE even when gloves were not used for routine clinical care, despite contact with patients known to be colonized with MRSA or VRE. A modified approach to glove use for dry contact with patients on contact precautions might improve patient safety within healthcare settings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2007
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1086/375619
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-01-2020
Abstract: We study the physical mechanisms that cause the offset between low-redshift and high-redshift galaxies on the [O iii] λ5007/H β versus [N ii] λ6584/H α ‘Baldwin, Phillips & Terlevich’ (BPT) diagram using a s le of local analogues of high-redshift galaxies. These high-redshift analogue galaxies are selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Located in the same region on the BPT diagram as the ultraviolet selected galaxies at z ∼ 2, these high-redshift analogue galaxies provide an ideal local benchmark to study the offset between the local and high-redshift galaxies on the BPT diagram. We compare the nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio (N/O), the shape of the ionizing radiation field, and ionization parameters between the high-redshift analogues and a s le of local reference galaxies. The higher ionization parameter in the high-redshift analogues is the dominant physical mechanism driving the BPT offset from low- to high-redshift, particularly at high [N ii] λ6584/H α. Furthermore, the N/O ratio enhancement also plays a minor role to cause the BPT offset. However, the shape of the ionizing radiation field is unlikely to cause the BPT offset because the high-redshift analogues have a similar hard ionizing radiation field as local reference galaxies. This hard radiation field cannot be produced by the current standard stellar synthesis models. The stellar rotation and binarity may help solve the discrepancy.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 21-11-2003
DOI: 10.1086/381190
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-01-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1086/116041
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2001
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STW017
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-1990
DOI: 10.1086/168900
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-09-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-07-2009
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1985
DOI: 10.1086/163457
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-1998
DOI: 10.1086/313071
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-12-2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-06-2002
DOI: 10.1086/340429
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-06-2012
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 25-01-2010
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-08-1997
DOI: 10.1086/310804
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1983
DOI: 10.1086/184020
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-2003
DOI: 10.1086/378714
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1995
DOI: 10.1086/176082
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1086/170893
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 30-10-2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1997
DOI: 10.1086/303945
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-04-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1017/PASA.2016.47
Abstract: This paper presents the first major data release and survey description for the ANU WiFeS SuperNovA Programme. ANU WiFeS SuperNovA Programme is an ongoing supernova spectroscopy c aign utilising the Wide Field Spectrograph on the Australian National University 2.3-m telescope. The first and primary data release of this programme (AWSNAP-DR1) releases 357 spectra of 175 unique objects collected over 82 equivalent full nights of observing from 2012 July to 2015 August. These spectra have been made publicly available via the WISEREP supernova spectroscopy repository. We analyse the ANU WiFeS SuperNovA Programme s le of Type Ia supernova spectra, including measurements of narrow sodium absorption features afforded by the high spectral resolution of the Wide Field Spectrograph instrument. In some cases, we were able to use the integral-field nature of the Wide Field Spectrograph instrument to measure the rotation velocity of the SN host galaxy near the SN location in order to obtain precision sodium absorption velocities. We also present an extensive time series of SN 2012dn, including a near-nebular spectrum which both confirms its ‘super-Chandrasekhar’ status and enables measurement of the sub-solar host metallicity at the SN site.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 24-03-2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-02-2000
DOI: 10.1086/308397
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-2000
DOI: 10.1086/309241
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1985
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1995
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-05-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NM.4100
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1989
DOI: 10.1086/167361
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 30-06-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1086/504254
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1981
DOI: 10.1086/158898
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-2002
DOI: 10.1086/342624
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1984
DOI: 10.1086/190952
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1985
DOI: 10.1086/113883
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-02-2012
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1988
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1976
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-04-1999
DOI: 10.1086/307052
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1086/518762
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 15-02-2012
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-2004
DOI: 10.1086/422184
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-05-2013
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STT747
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-07-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-1980
DOI: 10.1086/157772
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-2002
DOI: 10.1086/341326
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 15-07-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-12-2012
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-2003
DOI: 10.1086/376980
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1086/191823
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1990
DOI: 10.1086/169517
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-09-2000
DOI: 10.1086/309343
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1993
DOI: 10.1086/191827
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1981
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 23-04-2007
DOI: 10.1086/516571
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1988
DOI: 10.1086/166367
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-1994
DOI: 10.1117/12.176198
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-1980
DOI: 10.1086/157781
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1977
DOI: 10.1086/155242
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1983
DOI: 10.1086/190854
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1982
DOI: 10.1086/159844
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-11-2005
DOI: 10.1086/491578
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 16-09-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 27-06-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-01-2006
DOI: 10.1086/498092
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1983
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 14-10-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1017/S1743921308020711
Abstract: Throughout cosmic time, the feedback of massive star winds and supernova explosions has been instrumental in determining the phase structure of the interstellar medium, controlling important aspects of both the formation and evolution of galaxies, producing galactic winds and enriching the intergalactic medium with heavy elements. In this paper, I review progress made in our theoretical understanding of how these feedback processes have operated throughout cosmic time from the epoch of the first stars through to the present day.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1086/525280
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-08-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-09-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2012
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 17-08-2010
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 26-06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 28-11-2016
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 31-12-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2009
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE07746
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-1987
DOI: 10.1086/185041
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1986
DOI: 10.1086/164162
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1086/175180
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1086/175181
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1988
DOI: 10.1086/166221
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1988
DOI: 10.1086/166222
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 04-02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2007
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3154085
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 15-06-2012
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.07133-11
Abstract: An attenuation of the HIV-1 replication capacity (RC) has been observed for immune-mediated escape mutations in Gag restricted by protective HLA alleles. However, the extent to which escape mutations affect other viral proteins during natural infection is not well understood. We generated recombinant viruses encoding plasma HIV-1 RNA integrase sequences from antiretroviral-naïve in iduals with early ( n = 88) and chronic ( n = 304) infections and measured the in vitro RC of each. In contrast to data from previous studies of Gag, we observed little evidence that host HLA allele expression was associated with integrase RC. A modest negative correlation was observed between the number of HLA-B-associated integrase polymorphisms and RC in chronic infection ( R = −0.2 P = 0.003) however, this effect was not driven by mutations restricted by protective HLA alleles. Notably, the integrase variants S119R, G163E, and I220L, which represent uncommon polymorphisms associated with HLA-C*05, -A*33, and -B*52, respectively, correlated with lower RC (all q 0.2). We identified a novel C*05-restricted epitope (HTDNGSNF 114–121 ) that likely contributes to the selection of the S119R variant, the polymorphism most significantly associated with lower RC in patient sequences. An NL4-3 mutant encoding the S119R polymorphism displayed a ∼35%-reduced function that was rescued by a single compensatory mutation of A91E. Together, these data indicate that substantial HLA-driven attenuation of integrase is not a general phenomenon during HIV-1 adaptation to host immunity. However, uncommon polymorphisms selected by HLA alleles that are not conventionally regarded to be protective may be associated with impaired protein function. Vulnerable epitopes in integrase might therefore be considered for future vaccine strategies.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-02-2013
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1996
DOI: 10.1086/118031
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1988
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1978
DOI: 10.1086/190521
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-1992
DOI: 10.1086/191732
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1987
DOI: 10.1086/165486
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-02-2018
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1086/169607
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-02-1997
DOI: 10.1086/310507
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 25-03-2013
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 05-04-2013
Abstract: Multiple genome-wide association studies have revealed that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes of the major histocompatibility complex locus have the strongest impact on HIV. In particular, a single-nucleotide polymorphism 35 base pairs upstream of HLA-C shows significant association with viral load and protection against HIV. How HLA-C mediates these effects is unknown. Apps et al. (p. 87 ) now demonstrate that increasing surface expression of HLA-C is associated with reduced viral load and reduced rate of progression to low CD4 + T cell counts in African and European Americans. High HLA-C expression likely promoted improved HIV control through a more effective cytotoxic CD8 + T cell response. In contrast to HIV infection, high HLA-C expression was associated with a higher risk of the inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-07-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-04-2020
Abstract: The evolutionary paths taken by massive stars with M ≳ 60 M⊙ remain substantially uncertain. They begin their lives as main-sequence (MS) O stars. Depending on their masses, rotation rates, and metallicities, they can then encounter a wide range of evolutionary states with an equally broad set of possible surface compositions and spectral classifications. We present a new grid of calculations for the evolution of such stars that covers a broad range in mass, M/M⊙ = 60–150, rotation rate, $v/v_{\\rm crit} = 0$–0.6, metallicity, [Fe/H] = −4 to 0, and α-element enhancement, [α/Fe] = 0–0.4. We show that rotating stars undergo rotationally induced dredge-up of nucleosynthetic products, mostly He and N, to their surfaces while still on the MS. Non-rotating metal-rich stars also reveal the products of nucleosynthesis on their surfaces because even modest amounts of mass-loss expose their ‘fossil’ convective cores: regions that are no longer convective, but were part of the convective core at an early stage in the star’s evolution. Thus, surface enhancement of He and N is expected for rotating stars at all metallicities, and for non-rotating stars if they are relatively metal-rich. We calculate a stellar atmosphere for a representative model from our grid, properly accounting for He and N enhancement, and show that the resulting spectrum provides a good match to observed WNL stars, strongly suggesting that the physical mechanisms we have identified are the ultimate cause of the WNL phase.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 25-08-1994
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-03-2021
Abstract: Dusty, neutral outflows and inflows are a common feature of nearby star-forming galaxies. We characterize these flows in eight galaxies – mostly active galactic nuclei (AGN) – selected for their widespread Na i D signatures from the Siding Spring Southern Seyfert Spectroscopic Snapshot Survey (S7). This survey employs deep, wide field-of-view (FOV) integral field spectroscopy at moderate spectral resolution (R = 7000 at Na i D). We significantly expand the s le of sightlines in external galaxies in which the spatially resolved relationship has been studied between cool, neutral gas properties – N(Na i), Weq(Na i D) – and dust – E(B − V) from both stars and gas. Our s le shows strong, significant correlations of total Weq with E(B − V)⋆ and g − i colour within in idual galaxies correlations with E(B − V)gas are present but weaker. Regressions yield slope variations from galaxy to galaxy and intrinsic scatter ∼1 Å. The s le occupies regions in the space of N(Na i) and $W_\mathrm{eq}^\mathrm{abs}$ versus E(B − V)gas that are consistent with extrapolations from other studies to higher colour excess [E(B − V)gas ∼ 1]. For perhaps the first time in external galaxies, we detect inverse P Cygni profiles in the Na i D line, presumably due to inflowing gas. Via Doppler-shifted Na i D absorption and emission lines, we find ubiquitous flows that differ from stellar rotation by $\gtrsim$100 km s−1 or have $|v_{\mathrm{ abs}} - v_{\mathrm{ em}}|\gtrsim 100$ km s−1. Inflows and outflows extend towards the edge of the detected stellar disc/FOV, together subtend 10–40 per cent of the projected disc, and have similar mean N(Na i) and Weq(Na i D). Outflows are consistent with minor axis or jet-driven flows, while inflows tend towards the projected major axis. The inflows may result from non-axisymmetric potentials, tidal motions, or halo infall.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-11-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 18-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-1996
DOI: 10.1086/118189
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1979
DOI: 10.1038/277099A0
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-06-2017
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1007/BFB0034612
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2005
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-07-2016
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1983
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-1990
DOI: 10.1086/168982
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-1998
DOI: 10.1086/306030
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1051/EAS/1148033
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-01-2013
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STS502
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1993
DOI: 10.1086/173099
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-2008
DOI: 10.1086/589807
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 25-04-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-1976
DOI: 10.1086/154472
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-10-2000
DOI: 10.1086/309538
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1982
DOI: 10.1086/159584
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STS031
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 12-09-2006
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1987
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2008
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1086/168182
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2008
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 25-08-2010
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1991
DOI: 10.1086/170377
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1086/375294
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-06-2006
DOI: 10.1086/504409
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 28-03-2018
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 15-09-2008
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01041-08
Abstract: During acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, early host cellular immune responses drive viral evolution. The rates and extent of these mutations, however, remain incompletely characterized. In a cohort of 98 in iduals newly infected with HIV-1 subtype B, we longitudinally characterized the rates and extent of HLA-mediated escape and reversion in Gag, Pol, and Nef using a rational definition of HLA-attributable mutation based on the analysis of a large independent subtype B data set. We demonstrate rapid and dramatic HIV evolution in response to immune pressures that in general reflect established cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response hierarchies in early infection. On a population level, HLA-driven evolution was observed in ∼80% of published CTL epitopes. Five of the 10 most rapidly evolving epitopes were restricted by protective HLA alleles (HLA-B*13/B*51/B*57/B*5801 P = 0.01), supporting the importance of a strong early CTL response in HIV control. Consistent with known fitness costs of escape, B*57-associated mutations in Gag were among the most rapidly reverting positions upon transmission to non-B*57-expressing in iduals, whereas many other HLA-associated polymorphisms displayed slow or negligible reversion. Overall, an estimated minimum of 30% of observed substitutions in Gag/Pol and 60% in Nef were attributable to HLA-associated escape and reversion events. Results underscore the dominant role of immune pressures in driving early within-host HIV evolution. Dramatic differences in escape and reversion rates across codons, genes, and HLA restrictions are observed, highlighting the complexity of viral adaptation to the host immune response.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.1086/423219
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-1981
DOI: 10.1086/159352
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1996
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1986
DOI: 10.1086/164803
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-2004
DOI: 10.1086/422249
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1986
DOI: 10.1086/164800
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-09-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1984
DOI: 10.1086/161653
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-07-2001
DOI: 10.1086/321545
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 22-11-2010
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/955
Abstract: We analyze a comprehensive set of MIR/FIR observations of Stephan's Quintet (SQ), taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope . Our study reveals the presence of a luminous ( L IR ≈ 4.6 × 10 43 erg s -1 ) and extended component of infrared dust emission, not connected with the main bodies of the galaxies, but roughly coincident with the X-ray halo of the group. We fitted the inferred dust emission spectral energy distribution of this extended source and the other main infrared emission components of SQ, including the intergalactic shock, to elucidate the mechanisms powering the dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission, taking into account collisional heating by the plasma and heating through UV and optical photons. Combining the inferred direct and dust-processed UV emission to estimate the star formation rate (SFR) for each source we obtain a total SFR for SQ of 7.5 M ☉ yr -1 , similar to that expected for non-interacting galaxies with stellar mass comparable to the SQ galaxies. Although star formation in SQ is mainly occurring at, or external to the periphery of the galaxies, the relation of SFR per unit physical area to gas column density for the brightest sources is similar to that seen for star formation regions in galactic disks. We also show that available sources of dust in the group halo can provide enough dust to produce up to L IR ≈ 10 42 erg s -1 powered by collisional heating. Though a minority of the total infrared emission (which we infer to trace distributed star-formation), this is several times higher than the X-ray luminosity of the halo, so could indicate an important cooling mechanism for the hot intergalactic medium (IGM) and account for the overall correspondence between FIR and X-ray emission. We investigate two potential modes of star formation in SQ consistent with the data, fueled either by gas from a virialized hot IGM continuously accreting onto the group, whose cooling is enhanced by grains injected from an in situ population of intermediate mass stars, or by interstellar gas stripped from the galaxies. The former mode offers a natural explanation for the observed baryon deficiency in the IGM of SQ as well as for the steep L X – T X relation of groups such as SQ with lower velocity dispersions.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/AS01007
Abstract: The Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) will beAustralia’s first Gemini instrument. NIFS is a near-infrared, imaging spectrograph that will be used with the ALTAIR facility adaptive optics system on Gemini North to perform near-diffraction-limited imaging spectroscopy over a 3·0″ × 3·0″ field of view with 0·1″ wide slitlets and a spectral resolving power of ˜5300. NIFS will operate in the wavelength range from 0·94–2·50 µm where ALTAIR delivers its greatest gains. Its primary purpose is to study moderate-surface-brightness structures around discrete objects that are revealed at high spatial resolution by ALTAIR. NIFS will address a wide range of science from studies of Galactic star formation and the Galactic centre to the nature of disk galaxies at z ˜ 1. Studies of the demographics of massive black holes in galactic nuclei and studies of the excitation conditions in the inner narrow-line regions of Seyfert galaxies have been identified as two core NIFS programs. These and other science drivers for NIFS are discussed.
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 07-05-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.7120/09627286.22.1.095
Abstract: Collar-worn deterrents reduce predation by cats while collar-mounted ID enhances return of lost animals. A perception that collars are hazardous limits their use. We defined cases as ‘collar incidents’ (cat snagged its collar or caught a paw), ‘collar injuries’ (veterinary treatment needed for a collar incident), and ‘collar deaths’ (cat died), before integrating data from veterinarians, owners from the general public and owners from a welfare society. Despite biases associated with each of these groups, taken together, the results from these indicated that collar injuries or deaths are rare. Interviews with one hundred and seven veterinarians indicated an average rate of one collar injury observed per 2.3 years of veterinary practice. At one practice, over three years, only 0.33% of 4,460 cat cases were collar injuries, while 180 cat cases at four clinics during August and November 2011 included none. The 63 owners from the general public reported only one collar injury and no deaths in a lifetime of ownership, although 27% experienced collar incidents. In contrast, 22% reported cats needing treatment following road accidents, 53% reported cats needing treatment for fighting injuries and 62% had owned cats killed on the road. Most (62%) of the 55 respondents from a cat welfare society had experienced a collar incident, but only two cats needed treatment. One died. In contrast, 31 and 58% reported cats needing treatment for road accidents and fighting, respectively, and 41% had owned cats killed on the road. Fighting and road accidents are greater hazards to roaming cats than collars, which offer the compensatory benefits of mounting predation deterrents and ID tags.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1972
DOI: 10.1007/BF00645400
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1982
DOI: 10.1086/160329
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 29-09-2017
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1980
DOI: 10.1086/158017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: Polish Society of Microbiologists
Date: 09-2022
Abstract: To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,000 urine s les were examined for the presence of E. coli by selective plating on MacConkey, CLED, and sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Vitek ® 2 Compact (MIC) and the disc diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton agar. Genes encoding virulence factors ( kpsMTII , traT , sat , csgA , vat , and iutA ) were detected by PCR. The overall prevalence of UTI-associated E. coli was low, and a higher prevalence was detected in s les of female origin. Many of the isolates exhibited resistance to norfloxacin, and 60% of the isolates showed resistance to icillin. No resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem was detected. In general, half of the isolates showed multiple resistance patterns. UPEC exhibited a weak ability to form biofilms, where no correlation was observed between multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All uropathogenic E. coli isolates carried the kpsMTII , iutA , traT , and csgA genes, whereas the low number of the isolates harbored the sat and vat genes. The ersity of virulence factors harbored by community-associated UPEC may render them more virulent and further explain the recurrence/relapse cases among community-associated UITs. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first exploration of virulence, biofilm-forming ability, and its association with multidrug resistance among UPEC isolates in Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of community-associated UPEC in Saudi Arabia.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 31-08-2010
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-1997
DOI: 10.1086/312968
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-2003
DOI: 10.1086/377445
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-07-2012
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-1999
DOI: 10.1086/307570
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1987
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1974
DOI: 10.1007/BF00642238
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1974
DOI: 10.1007/BF00642245
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.1086/192062
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 14-01-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-10-2012
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STS010
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-2022
Abstract: There is growing evidence for physical influence between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. We present a case study of the nearby galaxy NGC 7582, for which we find evidence that galactic substructure plays an important role in affecting the collimation of ionized outflows as well as contributing to the heavy active galactic nucleus (AGN) obscuration. This result contrasts with a simple, small-scale AGN torus model, according to which AGN-wind collimation may take place inside the torus itself, at subparsec scales. Using 3D spectroscopy with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument, we probe the kinematics of the stellar and ionized gas components as well as the ionization state of the gas from a combination of emission-line ratios. We report for the first time a kinematically distinct core (KDC) in NGC 7582, on a scale of ∼600 pc. This KDC coincides spatially with dust lanes and starbursting complexes previously observed. We interpret it as a circumnuclear ring of stars and dusty, gas-rich material. We obtain a clear view of the outflowing cones over kiloparsec scales and demonstrate that they are predominantly photoionized by the central engine. We detect the back cone (behind the galaxy) and confirm previous results of a large nuclear obscuration of both the stellar continuum and H ii regions. While we tentatively associate the presence of the KDC with a large-scale bar and/or a minor galaxy merger, we stress the importance of gaining a better understanding of the role of galaxy substructure in controlling the fueling, feedback, and obscuration of AGNs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1999
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-01-2018
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-1998
DOI: 10.1086/305145
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2007
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1990
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-06-2016
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2007
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-1984
DOI: 10.1086/162604
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 1991
Publisher: Pluto Journals
Date: 1990
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-09-2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 13-12-2013
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 28-10-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STV749
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.24894/HWPH.4178
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 27-07-2016
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.1086/528711
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-09-2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-08-2006
DOI: 10.1086/505418
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 25-04-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1988
DOI: 10.1038/331506A0
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1979
DOI: 10.1086/183022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-2004
DOI: 10.1086/421114
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 21-05-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-2004
DOI: 10.1086/421113
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02459-08
Abstract: Elite controllers (EC) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) maintain viremia below the limit of detection without antiretroviral treatment. Virus-specific cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes are believed to play a crucial role in viral containment, but the degree of immune imprinting and compensatory mutations in EC is unclear. We obtained plasma gag , pol , and nef sequences from HLA- erse subjects and found that 30 to 40% of the predefined HLA-associated polymorphic sites show evidence of immune selection pressure in EC, compared to approximately 50% of the sites in chronic progressors. These data indicate ongoing viral replication and escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes are present even in strictly controlled HIV-1 infection.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1086/345414
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2009
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1086/516789
Abstract: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I variation influences the progression of untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease however, it is not known whether HLA class I variation may influence clinical outcomes after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Associations between HLA class I genotypes and pretherapy clinical parameters were investigated in a cohort of 765 antiretroviral-naive adults initiating HAART. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the effects of HLA class I genotypes on time to suppression of the viral load to 100 cells/mm(3) above the baseline count, and time to nonaccidental death over a >5-year period after initiation of HAART. Homozygosity at any HLA class I locus and possession of common HLA alleles were associated with a higher pretherapy viral load (P .05, univariate analysis). HLA class I zygosity-dependent and frequency-dependent effects may influence short-term HAART outcomes, and, thus, they deserve further investigation. No effects of these HLA parameters on survival after initiation of HAART were observed.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-1990
DOI: 10.1086/168493
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/AS02010
Abstract: In this paper we present a new method for obtaining the optical wavelength-dependent reddening function of planetary nebulae (PN), using the nebular and stellar continuum. The data used was a spectrum of NGC 6302 obtained using the Double Beam Spectrograph on the 2.3 m telescope at Siding Springs Observatory over three nights. This resulted in a spectrum covering a wavelength range 3300–8600 Å with a large dynamical range and a mean signal to noise of 2 Å −1 in the nebular continuum. With such a high S/N the continuum can be accurately compared with a theoretical model of nebular plus stellar continuum. The nebular electron temperature and density used in the model are determined using ratios of prominent emission lines. The reddening function can then be obtained from the ratio of the theoretical and the observed continuum. In the case of NGC 6302, it is known that much of the reddening arises from dust within or around the nebula, so that any differences between the measured reddening law and the 'standard' interstellar reddening law will reflect differences in the nebular grain size distribution or composition. We find that for NGC 6302, the visible to IR extinction law is indistinguishable from 'standard' interstellar reddening, but that the UV extinction curve is much steeper than normal, suggesting that more small dust grains had been ejected into the nebula by the PN central star. We have detected the continuum from the central star and determined its Zanstra temperature to be of order 150,000 K. Finally, using the extinction law that we have determined, we present a complete dereddened line list of nearly 600 emission lines, and report on the detection of the He(2–10) and He(2–8) Raman features at λ4331 Å and λ4852 Å, and the detection of Raman scattered O VI features at λ6830 Å and λ7087 Å. We believe this to be the first detection of this process in a PN.
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-07-1997
DOI: 10.1086/304268
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-07-1997
DOI: 10.1086/304265
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-2006
DOI: 10.1086/505526
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1984
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-09-2014
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00518-17
Abstract: In the large majority of cases, HIV infection is established by a single variant, and understanding the characteristics of successfully transmitted variants is relevant to prevention strategies. Few studies have investigated the viral determinants of mother-to-child transmission. To determine the impact of Gag-protease-driven viral replication capacity on mother-to-child transmission, the replication capacities of 148 recombinant viruses encoding plasma-derived Gag-protease from 53 nontransmitter mothers, 48 transmitter mothers, and 47 infected infants were assayed in an HIV-1-inducible green fluorescent protein reporter cell line. All study participants were infected with HIV-1 subtype C. There was no significant difference in replication capacities between the nontransmitter ( n = 53) and transmitter ( n = 44) mothers ( P = 0.48). Infant-derived Gag-protease NL4-3 recombinant viruses ( n = 41) were found to have a significantly lower Gag-protease-driven replication capacity than that of viruses derived from the mothers ( P 0.0001 by a paired t test). High percent similarities to consensus subtype C Gag, p17, p24, and protease sequences were also found in the infants ( n = 28) in comparison to their mothers ( P = 0.07, P = 0.002, P = 0.03, and P = 0.02, respectively, as determined by a paired t test). These data suggest that of the viral quasispecies found in mothers, the HIV mother-to-child transmission bottleneck favors the transmission of consensus-like viruses with lower viral replication capacities. IMPORTANCE Understanding the characteristics of successfully transmitted HIV variants has important implications for preventative interventions. Little is known about the viral determinants of HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We addressed the role of viral replication capacity driven by Gag, a major structural protein that is a significant determinant of overall viral replicative ability and an important target of the host immune response, in the MTCT bottleneck. This study advances our understanding of the genetic bottleneck in MTCT by revealing that viruses transmitted to infants have a lower replicative ability as well as a higher similarity to the population consensus (in this case HIV subtype C) than those of their mothers. Furthermore, the observation that “consensus-like” virus sequences correspond to lower in vitro replication abilities yet appear to be preferentially transmitted suggests that viral characteristics favoring transmission are decoupled from those that enhance replicative capacity.
Publisher: Bioscientifica
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1530/REP-22-0155
Abstract: The many side effects of current contraceptives leave a large proportion of women without adequate protection. This study shows that zinc, a highly physiologically compatible metal, provides effective long-acting reversible contraception in rats, without requiring the use of hormones. Long-acting and reversible contraceptives (LARC) are the most widely used form of female contraception worldwide however, they have significant side effects that often result in early removal. Most LARCs are hormonal, but the use of exogenous hormones is not suitable for all women and causes side effects in many others. The copper IUD (CuIUD) is the only non-hormonal LARC, but a large proportion of users suffer severe side effects. This study proposes the use of zinc as a suitable alternative to the CuIUD. A rat intrauterine device (IUD) model was established to test the efficacy of a zinc IUD (ZnIUD) against a CuIUD. The IUD was surgically implanted into one uterine horn while the other remained untreated. Both the ZnIUD and CuIUD resulted in zero implantation sites which were significantly fewer compared to non-treated horns. Histological assessment revealed damage and inflammation in the endometrium of CuIUD-treated horns but only minor epithelial changes in ZnIUD-treated horns. This suggests ZnIUDs may not share the side effect profile of the CuIUD. To test the long-term efficacy of the ZnIUD, rats had a ZnIUD surgically implanted into both horns and cohoused with males for 3 months. These rats mated regularly but did not get pregnant, confirming long-term effectiveness. Reversibility of the ZnIUD was also established, as removal of the ZnIUD after 3 months resulted in no significant difference in the number of implantation sites between treated and untreated horns. This study demonstrated the contraceptive efficacy of zinc and its potential as a LARC.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 14-10-2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1086/345448
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 15-11-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJSRH-2022-201664
Abstract: We are in the process of developing a new non-hormonal long-acting reversible method of contraception (LARC) in recognition of the fact that a significant minority of users are unhappy with their current method. Our method has a novel (post-fertilisation) mechanism of action (MOA), but little is known about the value users place on this. Using in-depth interviews, we explored 30 Australian end-users' experiences of contraception, recruited via social media. A thematic approach was taken to examine the influence the MOA has on choice and factors affecting willingness to try current methods and a novel non-hormonal LARC with a post-fertilisation effect. We identified two themes that were the most salient across all interviews: that contraceptive decision-making involves a trade-off of priorities, influenced by contraceptive properties (including MOA) and the context in which contraception is used and views on novel methods of contraception were influenced by willingness to trial new products and interest in non-hormonal options. Side effects, efficacy, and the financial burden of contraceptives were all considered more important than MOA during decision-making. Participants were willing to try a new method if endorsed by trusted sources, including friends and medical practitioners, and were enthusiastic to try a novel LARC with no hormones. This study found that the MOA had minimal impact on participants' choice of contraception. Rather, avoidance of hormones and side effects influenced willingness to try a novel method over any unacceptable aspects of a post-fertilisation MOA.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AS02026
Abstract: In this paper I examine the use of optical and UV spectral diagnostic ratios to distinguish between gas which is locally shock-excited by the interaction with a jet and that which is photoionised by the central engine. In many cases key UV lines remain unobserved except in the case of high redshift radio galaxies. However, in one case, the nearby GPS galaxy NGC1052, UV data was obtained with the FOS. This object shows LINER characteristics at optical wavelengths, but has a rich coronal-line spectrum in the UV. We conclude that jet-driven shocks tend to evolve from shock-excited to photoionised later in their evolution.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1983
DOI: 10.1086/160999
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1086/517867
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-02-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1086/504685
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1017/S1743921314009661
Abstract: Here we present the first results from the Siding Spring Southern Seyfert Spectroscopic Snapshot Survey (S7) which aims to investigate the physics of ∼140 radio-detected southern active Galaxies with z .02 through Integral Field Spectroscopy using the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS). This instrument provides data cubes of the central 38×25 arc sec. of the target galaxies in the waveband 340–710nm with the unusually high resolution of R =7000 in the red (530–710nm), and R =3000 in the blue (340–560nm). These data provide the morphology, kinematics and the excitation structure of the extended narrow-line region, probe relationships with the black hole characteristics and the host galaxy, measures host galaxy abundance gradients and the determination of nuclear abundances from the HII regions. From photoionisation modelling, we may determine the shape of the ionising spectrum of the AGN, discover whether AGN metallicities differ from nuclear abundances determined from HII regions, and probe grain destruction in the vicinity of the AGN. Here we present some preliminary results and modelling of both Seyfert galaxies observed as part of the survey.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-09-2006
DOI: 10.1086/504681
Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
Date: 14-05-2021
DOI: 10.1084/JEM.20201908
Abstract: HIV-specific CD8+ T cells partially control viral replication and delay disease progression, but they rarely provide lasting protection, largely due to immune escape. Here, we show that engrafting mice with memory CD4+ T cells from HIV+ donors uniquely allows for the in vivo evaluation of autologous T cell responses while avoiding graft-versus-host disease and the need for human fetal tissues that limit other models. Treating HIV-infected mice with clinically relevant HIV-specific T cell products resulted in substantial reductions in viremia. In vivo activity was significantly enhanced when T cells were engineered with surface-conjugated nanogels carrying an IL-15 superagonist, but it was ultimately limited by the pervasive selection of a erse array of escape mutations, recapitulating patterns seen in humans. By applying mathematical modeling, we show that the kinetics of the CD8+ T cell response have a profound impact on the emergence and persistence of escape mutations. This “participant-derived xenograft” model of HIV provides a powerful tool for studying HIV-specific immunological responses and facilitating the development of effective cell-based therapies.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1988
DOI: 10.1086/114768
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-06-2016
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-1998
DOI: 10.1086/311202
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-11-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1975
DOI: 10.1007/BF00646751
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-07-2006
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-03-1998
DOI: 10.1086/305336
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-05-1998
DOI: 10.1086/305577
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-06-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-12-2012
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STS466
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-08-2009
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-03-2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1985
DOI: 10.1086/163569
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1992
DOI: 10.1086/171186
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AS03016
Abstract: The radio–far infrared correlation is one of the tightest correlations found in astronomy. Many of the models explaining this correlation rely on the association of global magnetic field strength with gas density. In this letter we put forward that the physical reason for this association lies within the processes of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1991
DOI: 10.1086/191592
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1996
DOI: 10.1086/192320
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-06-2000
DOI: 10.1086/308959
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 29-12-2016
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 22-03-2011
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 15-01-2018
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01128-17
Abstract: HIV circumvents HLA class I-restricted CD8 + T-cell responses through selection of escape mutations that leave characteristic mutational “footprints,” also known as HLA-associated polymorphisms (HAPs), on HIV sequences at the population level. While many HLA footprints are universal across HIV subtypes and human populations, others can be region specific as a result of the unique immunogenetic background of each host population. Using a published probabilistic phylogenetically informed model, we compared HAPs in HIV Gag and Pol (PR-RT) in 1,612 subtype B-infected, antiretroviral treatment-naive in iduals from Mexico and 1,641 in iduals from Canada/United States. A total of 252 HLA class I allele subtypes were represented, including 140 observed in both cohorts, 67 unique to Mexico, and 45 unique to Canada/United States. At the predefined statistical threshold of a q value of .2, 358 HAPs (201 in Gag, 157 in PR-RT) were identified in Mexico, while 905 (534 in Gag and 371 in PR-RT) were identified in Canada/United States. HAPs identified in Mexico included both canonical HLA-associated escape pathways and novel associations, in particular with HLA alleles enriched in Amerindian and mestizo populations. Remarkably, HLA footprints on HIV in Mexico were not only fewer but also, on average, significantly weaker than those in Canada/United States, although some exceptions were noted. Moreover, exploratory analyses suggested that the weaker HLA footprint on HIV in Mexico may be due, at least in part, to weaker and/or less reproducible HLA-mediated immune pressures on HIV in this population. The implications of these differences for natural and vaccine-induced anti-HIV immunity merit further investigation. IMPORTANCE HLA footprints on HIV identify viral regions under intense and consistent pressure by HLA-restricted immune responses and the common mutational pathways that HIV uses to evade them. In particular, HLA footprints can identify novel immunogenic regions and/or epitopes targeted by understudied HLA alleles moreover, comparative analyses across immunogenetically distinct populations can illuminate the extent to which HIV immunogenic regions and escape pathways are shared versus population-specific pathways, information which can in turn inform the design of universal or geographically tailored HIV vaccines. We compared HLA-associated footprints on HIV in two immunogenetically distinct North American populations, those of Mexico and Canada/United States. We identify both shared and population-specific pathways of HIV adaptation but also make the surprising observation that HLA footprints on HIV in Mexico overall are fewer and weaker than those in Canada/United States, raising the possibility that HLA-restricted antiviral immune responses in Mexico are weaker, and/or escape pathways somewhat less consistent, than those in other populations.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1991
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1985
DOI: 10.1086/163555
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1985
DOI: 10.1086/163556
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1976
DOI: 10.1086/154732
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.1086/344487
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-08-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AS02057
Abstract: Amongst our s le of radio-excess IRAS galaxies, we have identified compact steep spectrum radio sources that fall into the classes of CSS or GPS sources, but have not previously been identified as such. The s le includes objects that have radio powers as low as ˜10 22 W Hz −1 . We suggest that these are low-power analogues of CSS and GPS sources, with weaker radio jets. These may be precursors to FR I radio galaxies or may ‘fade’ into radio-quiet galaxies.
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2003
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.456509
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1973
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 27-03-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-02-2014
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STU154
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-07-2007
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-2005
DOI: 10.1086/423948
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-12-2010
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1981
DOI: 10.1086/183635
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1985
DOI: 10.1086/163544
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1986
DOI: 10.1086/184721
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-1996
DOI: 10.1086/176972
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1071/AS97230
Abstract: The Unified Model holds that the aspect-dependent effects primarily determine the nature of the active galactic nucleus that we observe. In this paper, I argue that three parameters aspect, accretion rate into the nuclear regions, and the evolutionary status of the central black hole hold the key to unification. The mystery of why the epoch of quasar formation occurred so early in the evolution of the Universe, why radio-loud QSOs represent only a small fraction of the general population of QSOs, and why ellipticals are invariably the hosts of radio-loud active galaxies could be explained if (a) the most rapid growth of black holes occurred in galactic merger events, and if (b) an excess in the rate of nuclear feeding was able to choke off the radio jets, producing radio quiet QSOs. In this paper, I develop the idea that rate of nuclear feeding plays a dominant role and that feeding at super-Eddington rates into the broad-line region (BLR) during merger events is the means whereby massive black holes are grown. In particular, I develop a toy model for the radio-loud, radio-quiet dichotomy based on the rate of nuclear feeding, suggest an electron scattering model for the ‘big blue bump’ and its relation to the BLR, and emphasise the important diagnostic capabilities offered by analyses of the narrow line regions based on shock excitation models.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1990
DOI: 10.1086/191494
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2005
DOI: 10.1086/427192
Abstract: The objective of this study was to systematically characterize the incidence and determinants of antiretroviral resistance in the HOMER (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [HAART] Observational Medical Evaluation and Research) cohort of 1191 human immunodeficiency virus-infected, antiretroviral-naive adults initiating HAART in British Columbia, Canada. All plasma s les with plasma virus loads (pVLs) >1000 copies/mL collected during the first 30 months of follow-up were genotyped for drug resistance. The primary outcome measure was time to the first detection of major drug-resistance mutation(s). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify factors significantly associated with the detection of drug-resistance mutations. Drug-resistance mutations were detected in 298 subjects (25%). Factors significantly associated with detection of drug-resistance mutations included high baseline pVL (multivariate hazard ratio [HR], 1.59 P<.001) and adherence (estimated using prescription-refill data and/or untimed plasma drug-concentration measurements). When compared with subjects with low (0%-<20%) prescription-refill percentages, subjects at an elevated risk of harboring drug-resistance mutations were those with relatively high but imperfect prescription-refill percentages (80%-<90% multivariate HR, 4.15 P /=95%) refill percentages but with 2 plasma drug concentrations below the steady-state trough concentration minus 1 standard deviation (multivariate HR, 4.57 P<.001). Initial use of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-based HAART was significantly associated with multiclass drug resistance (multivariate HR, 1.84 P=.001). High baseline pVLs and substantial but imperfect levels of adherence were major predictors of antiretroviral resistance.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-2004
DOI: 10.1086/381306
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1993
DOI: 10.1086/173223
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 30-08-2010
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1987
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-01-2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1980
DOI: 10.1086/183406
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S1743921312009374
Abstract: We analysed the Spitzer maps of Stephan's Quintet in order to investigate the nature of the dust emission associated with the X-ray emitting regions of the large scale intergalactic shock and of the group halo. This emission can in principle be powered by dust-gas particle collisions, thus providing efficient cooling of the hot gas. However the results of our analysis suggest that the dust emission from those regions is mostly powered by photons. Nonetheless dust collisional heating could be important in determining the cooling of the IGM gas and the large scale star formation morphology observed in SQ.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-07-2022
Abstract: Before the end of the Epoch of Reionization, the Hydrogen in the Universe was predominantly neutral. This leads to a strong attenuation of Ly α lines of z ≳ 6 galaxies in the intergalactic medium. Nevertheless, Ly α has been detected up to very high redshifts (z ∼ 9) for several especially UV luminous galaxies. Here, we test to what extent the galaxy’s local environment might impact the Ly α transmission of such sources. We present an analysis of dedicated Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging in the CANDELS/EGS field to search for fainter neighbours around three of the most UV luminous and most distant spectroscopically confirmed Ly α emitters: EGS-zs8-1, EGS-zs8-2, and EGSY-z8p7 at zspec = 7.73, 7.48, and 8.68, respectively. We combine the multiwavelength HST imaging with Spitzer data to reliably select z ∼ 7–9 galaxies around the central, UV-luminous sources. In all cases, we find a clear enhancement of neighbouring galaxies compared to the expected number in a blank field (by a factor ∼3–9×). Our analysis thus reveals ubiquitous overdensities around luminous Ly α emitting sources in the heart of the cosmic reionization epoch. We show that our results are in excellent agreement with expectations from the Dragons simulation, confirming the theoretical prediction that the first ionized bubbles preferentially formed in overdense regions. While three UV luminous galaxies already have spectroscopic redshifts, the majority of the remaining fainter, surrounding sources are yet to be confirmed via spectroscopy. JWST follow-up observations of the neighbouring galaxies identified here will thus be needed to confirm their physical association and to map out the ionized regions produced by these sources.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-1978
DOI: 10.1086/155926
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-2002
DOI: 10.1086/338950
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1974
DOI: 10.1038/250397A0
Publisher: International Academy Publishing (IAP)
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 27-05-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STW468
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-06-2019
Abstract: In the optical spectra of galaxies, the separation of line emission from gas ionized by star formation and an active galactic nucleus (AGN), or by star formation and shocks, are very well-understood problems. However, separating line emission between AGN and shocks has proven difficult. With the aid of a new three-dimensional diagnostic diagram, we show the simultaneous separation of line emission from star formation, shocks, and AGN in NGC 1068, and quantify the ratio of star formation, shocks, and AGN in each spaxel. The AGN, shock, and star formation luminosity distributions across the galaxy accurately align with X-ray, radio, and CO(3–2) observations, respectively. Comparisons with previous separation methods show that the shocked emission heavily mixes with the AGN emission. We also show that if the H α flux is to be used as a star formation rate indicator, separating line emission from as many sources as possible should be attempted to ensure accurate results.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1988
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2014
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-1998
DOI: 10.1086/311139
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1982
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEEGID.2019.01.016
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mixed genotype infections can affect treatment outcomes and may have implications for vaccine design and disease progression. Previous studies demonstrate 0-39% of high-risk, HCV-infected in iduals harbor mixed genotypes however standardized, sensitive methods of detection are lacking. This study compared PCR licon, random primer (RP), and probe enrichment (PE)-based deep sequencing methods coupled with a custom sequence analysis pipeline to detect multiple HCV genotypes. Mixed infection cutoff values, based on HCV read depth and coverage, were identified using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The methodology was validated using artificially mixed genotype s les and then applied to two clinical trials of HCV treatment in high-risk in iduals (ACTIVATE, 114 s les from 90 in iduals DARE-C II, 26 s les from 18 in iduals) and a cohort of HIV/HCV co-infected in iduals (Canadian Coinfection Cohort (CCC), 3 s les from 2 in iduals with suspected mixed genotype infections). Amplification bias of genotype (G)1b, G2, G3 and G5 was observed in artificially mixed s les using the PCR method while no genotype bias was observed using RP and PE. RP and PE sequencing of 140 ACTIVATE and DARE-C II s les identified the following primary genotypes: 15% (n = 21) G1a, 76% (n = 106) G3, and 9% (n = 13) G2. Sequencing of ACTIVATE and DARE-C II demonstrated, on average, 2% and 1% of HCV reads mapping to a second genotype using RP and PE, respectively, however none passed the mixed infection cutoff criteria and phylogenetics confirmed no mixed infections. From CCC, one mixed infection was confirmed while the other was determined to be a recombinant genotype. This study underlines the risk for false identification of mixed HCV infections and stresses the need for standardized methods to improve prevalence estimates and to understand the impact of mixed infections for management and elimination of HCV.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1990
DOI: 10.1086/169074
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 05-1985
DOI: 10.1086/191032
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-06-2012
Publisher: AIP Publishing LLC
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4937705
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-12-2007
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 04-1987
DOI: 10.1086/184870
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/CURRONCOL30010054
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate nutritional status, body composition, dietary protein intake, handgrip strength, 6 min or 4 m walk tests, self-reported physical activity, physical function, and quality of life (QoL-EORTC-QLQc30) at commencement of chemotherapy to detect changes over time (from commencement of chemotherapy, and after 3, 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks) in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and to investigate the relationship between nutritional variables. ‘Sarcopenia’ was defined as low muscle mass and strength, ‘myosteatosis’ as muscle fat-infiltration (CT scan). Continuous variables were analysed using paired t-tests between baseline and follow-ups. Fifteen women (54y, 95% CI [46.3 .2]) were recruited. At baseline, malnutrition was present in 3 (20%) participants, sarcopenia in 3 (20%) and myosteatosis in 7 (54%). Thirteen (87%) participants had low protein intake low handgrip strength was observed in 0, and low walk test distance and physical activity in four (27%) participants. Physical function and QoL were low in 10 (67%) and 9 (60%), respectively. QoL between baseline and 52 weeks decreased by 11.7 (95% CI [2.4 .9], p = 0.025). Other variables did not significantly change over time. In this small study s le, myosteatosis, low dietary protein intake, low exercise levels and impaired quality of life and physical function are common.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-12-2009
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-1982
DOI: 10.1086/160246
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 21-08-2013
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-1986
DOI: 10.1086/184636
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-12-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1086/192255
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1993
DOI: 10.1086/173437
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 23-07-2010
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 06-1981
DOI: 10.1086/183553
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1984
DOI: 10.1086/184400
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-1982
DOI: 10.1086/160358
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1985
DOI: 10.1086/184526
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1995
DOI: 10.1016/0167-8140(95)01599-C
Abstract: Dose-response relationships have been studied using an ordinal visual scale and reflectance spectrophotometry data from 123 treatment sites on 110 patients treated with 10 dose fractions over 12-14 days. Dose rates varied between 3 and 240 Gy/h and total doses of between 25 and 41 Gy were given using teletherapy apparatus. We found qualitative scoring of erythematous skin reactions to be subject to considerable inter- and intra-observer variation. Reflectance spectrophotometry provided more reproducible information, some of which was undetectable by naked eye. Baseline erythema readings were significantly higher in male patients and at anatomical sites of previous heavy UV exposure. In addition, a pronounced decline in erythema readings during the second week of therapy and 'reciprocal vicinity' (abscopal) effects adjacent to the field, undetected by the eye, were observed in a subset of patients. Meaningful dose-response relationships could be derived only from reflectance data with peak change from the pretreatment baseline measure providing the best discrimination. Peak erythema measures following treatment were found to depend on the age and gender of the patient as well as the treatment site and its baseline erythema measurement. This was independent of the total dose administered or the instantaneous dose rate at which it was delivered. The rate of erythema development was also dose rate dependent but only weakly dependent on the biological dose intensity (Gy equiv./day) of the treatment course. The data raise the question of whether irradiation-induced erythema is exclusively a secondary phenomenon occurring as a result of basal cell killing. The short repair half time value of 0.06 h obtained by direct analysis is perplexing and may reflect a dose rate-dependent physiological vasodilatory response to irradiation and/or a multi-component cellular repair process.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 02-1999
DOI: 10.1086/306718
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 20-01-2005
DOI: 10.1086/426185
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-03-2014
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STU234
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1993
DOI: 10.1086/116680
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-1999
DOI: 10.1086/301145
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2006
Abstract: Here we show how theoretical pan‐spectral modelling is beginning to decode the physical parameters of the interstellar medium of starburst and high‐redshift galaxies, is revealing the star formation rate, identifying the bolometric contribution due to an embedded AGN and is determining the attenuation of the galaxian light due to foreground dust. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1086/303444
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 13-02-2006
DOI: 10.1086/502646
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-05-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-10-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 11-1986
DOI: 10.1086/184773
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-07-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF00646358
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-1982
DOI: 10.1086/130967
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-12-2018
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 08-1992
DOI: 10.1086/171599
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 10-08-1997
DOI: 10.1086/304400
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Michael Dopita.