ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7867-031X
Current Organisation
University of Melbourne
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience | Palaeoclimatology | Quaternary Environments | Climatology (Incl. Palaeoclimatology) | Geochemistry | Isotope Geochemistry | Geology | Natural Resource Management | Surface Processes | Archaeological Science | Atmospheric Sciences | Archaeological Science | Geochronology And Isotope Geochemistry | Geochronology | Palaeoecology | Inorganic Geochemistry | Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) | Alloy Materials | Sedimentology | Igneous And Metamorphic Petrology | Management And Environment | Climatology (excl. Climate Change Processes) | Groundwater Hydrology | Surfacewater Hydrology | Climate Change Processes | Other Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences | Environmental Impact Assessment | Cellular Interactions (Incl. Adhesion, Matrix, Cell Wall) | Environmental Management | Materials Engineering | Environmental Monitoring | Other Stratigraphy (Incl. Sequence Stratigraphy) | Hydrogeology | Soil Sciences | Soil Chemistry | Applied Hydrology (Drainage, Flooding, Irrigation, Quality, Etc.) | Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution | Water And Sanitary Engineering | Diagnostic Applications | Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy) | Sedimentology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Climate variability | Earth sciences | Climate change | Climate and Climate Change not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Climate Change Models | Land and water management | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Forestry | Field crops | Biological sciences | Estuarine and lagoon areas | Environmental and resource evaluation not elsewhere classified | Concentrating processes of other base metal ores | Land and water management | Physical and chemical conditions | Land and water management | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales | Expanding Knowledge in History and Archaeology | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Climate Change Adaptation Measures | Climate Variability (excl. Social Impacts) | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Energy transformation not elsewhere classified | Water Allocation and Quantification | Land and water management | Global Effects of Climate Change and Variability (excl. Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and the South Pacific) (excl. Social Impacts) |
Related Links
Publications
Paleoclimate studies and natural-resource management in the Murray-Darling Basin II: unravelling human impacts and climate variability
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2013
A MIS 9/MIS 8 speleothem record of hydrological variability from Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Hydroclimate of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern Australia's arid margin interpreted from speleothem records (23-15 ka)
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-06-2017
Abstract: Abstract. Terrestrial data spanning the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and deglaciation from the southern Australian region are sparse and limited to discontinuous sedimentological and geomorphological records with relatively large chronological uncertainties. This dearth of records has hindered a critical assessment of the role of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude westerly winds on the region's climate during this time period. In this study, two precisely dated speleothem records for Mairs Cave, Flinders Ranges, are presented, providing for the first time a detailed terrestrial hydroclimatic record for the southern Australian drylands during 23–15 ka. Recharge to Mairs Cave is interpreted from the speleothem record by the activation of growth, physical flood layering, and δ18O and δ13C minima. Periods of lowered recharge are indicated by 18O and 13C enrichment, primarily affecting δ18O, argued to be driven by evaporation of shallow soil/epikarst water in this water-limited environment. A hydrological driver is supported by calcite fabric changes. These include the presence of laminae, visible organic colloids, and occasional dissolution features, related to recharge, as well as the presence of sediment bands representing cave floor flooding. A shift to slower-growing, more compact calcite and an absence of lamination is interpreted to represent reduced recharge. The Mairs Cave record indicates that the Flinders Ranges were relatively wet during the LGM and early deglaciation, particularly over the interval 18.9–15.8 ka. This wetter phase ended abruptly with a shift to drier conditions at 15.8 ka. These findings are in agreement with the geomorphic archives for this region, as well as the timing of events in records from the broader Australasian region. The recharge phases identified in the Mairs Cave record are correlated with, but antiphase to, the position of the westerly winds interpreted from marine core MD03-2611, located 550 km south of Mairs Cave in the Murray Canyons region. The implication is that the mid-latitude westerlies are located further south during the period of enhanced recharge in the Mairs Cave record (18.9–16 ka) and conversely are located further north when greater aridity is interpreted in the speleothem record. A further comparison with speleothem records from the northern Australasian region reveals that the availability of tropical moisture is the most likely explanation driving enhanced recharge, with further lification of recharge occurring during the early half of Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), possibly influenced by a more southerly displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A rapid transition to aridity at 15.8 ka is consistent with a retraction of this tropical moisture source.
Crystallization pathways, fabrics and the capture of climate proxies in speleothems: Examples from the tropics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Evidence for obliquity forcing of glacial termination II
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 18-09-2009
Abstract: In Milankovich theory, the canonical theory of glaciation and deglaciation, ice sheets wax and wane in response to the amount of summer insolation at a latitude of 65°N, which is consistent with the observed timing of the last deglaciation. The penultimate glaciation behaved quite differently, however. Now, Drysdale et al. (p. 1527 , published online 13 August) offer firmer constraints on the timing of the penultimate deglaciation, by correlating a difficult-to-date marine record of ocean volume to a precisely datable nearby speleothem (terrestrial stalagmite). Ocean volume began to increase about 141,000 years ago, thousands of years before the rise in 65°N summer insolation. Thus, instead of the forcing mechanism proposed by Milankovich, variations in Earth's obliquity may be mostly responsible for the disappearance of ice sheets.
Lateglacial to Holocene trace element record (Ba, Mg, Sr) from Corchia Cave (Apuan Alps, central Italy): Paleoenvironmental implications
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2712
Effects of organic removal techniques prior to carbonate stable isotope analysis of lacustrine marls: A case study from palaeo‐lake Fucino (central Italy)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-02-2020
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.8623
Abstract: The suitability of organic matter (OM) removal pre-treatments in isotopic studies of lacustrine carbonates is currently under debate. Naturally occurring OM seems to have a negligible effect on the bulk isotopic composition of carbonates compared with changes induced by pre-treatments. This study provides further insights into the possible effects induced by commonly used pre-treatments on natural lacustrine carbonates. Sixteen s les from the Fucino F1-F3 lacustrine succession (Abruzzo, central Italy) were characterised for their mineralogical and geochemical composition and each was split into three identical aliquots. One aliquot was left untreated while the remaining two were treated with NaOCl and H The s les had variable proportions of endogenic and detrital components, the detrital portion being more (less) abundant during colder (warmer) climate phases. We observed that neither the NaOCl nor the H Our study highlights s le-specific changes in geochemistry associated with s le pre-treatments however, such changes do not seem to lead to either systematic and/or predictable isotopic shifts. We suggest that the suitability of NaOCl or H
Are current models of tufa sedimentary environments applicable to tropical systems? A case study from the Gregory River
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Stalagmite evidence for the onset of the Last Interglacial in southern Europe at 129 ± 1 ka
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024658
Effects of clove oil on the stress response of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) subjected to transport
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1590/S0044-59672005000200018
Abstract: Fish transport is one of the most stressful procedures in aquaculture facilities. The present work evaluated the stress response of matrinxã to transportation procedures, and the use of clove oil as an alternative to reduce the stress response to transport in matrinxã (Brycon cephalus). Clove oil solutions were tested in concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L during matrinxã transportation in plastic bags, supplied with water and oxygen as the usual field procedures in Brazil. Clove oil reduced some of the physiological stress responses (plasma cortisol, glucose and ions) that we measured. The high energetic cost to matrinxã cope with the transport stress was clear by the decrease of liver glycogen after transport. Our results suggest that clove oil (5 mg/l) can mitigate the stress response in matrinxã subjected to transport.
Australasian monsoon response to Dansgaard-Oeschger event 21 and teleconnections to higher latitudes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Factors controlling the hydrochemistry of Louie Creek, a travertine-depositing stream in the seasonally wet tropics of northern Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/MF00117
Abstract: Relationships among wet-season recharge, hydrochemistry and the distribution of travertines at Louie Creek were investigated from water s les collected during four c aigns between April 1993 and November 1997. pH, temperature and major cation and anion data reveal that the springs feeding the creek rise with high concentrations of CO2 and dissolved calcium carbonate. The pattern of downstream changes in hydrochemistry was similar during each c aign: rapid outgassing of CO2 over the ˜1.3 km of surface flow increases calcite saturation, triggering extensive travertine deposition over ˜1.5 km. At low discharge, the creek sinks then re-emerges at the downstream limit of travertine deposition in a more CO2-rich state. Together with a low stream gradient and high magnesium concentrations, this chemical change arrests the evolution of the waters and inhibits further accumulation of travertine downstream. Significant wet-season recharge dilutes spring water concentrations and retards their downstream evolution, resulting in a downstream shift of the reach of deposition. Following a wet season of low magnitude, the spring waters rise with higher concentrations of dissolved carbonate and evolve to a supersaturated state over a shorter distance. This results in an upstream migration of the travertine reach. These results have significance for the interpretation of fossil Quaternary travertines at Louie Creek.
Regional patterns of hydroclimate variability in southeastern Australia over the past 1200 years
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2019
Environmental variability between the penultimate deglaciation and the mid Eemian: Insights from Tana che Urla (central Italy) speleothem trace element record
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Re-analysis of key evidence in the case for a hemispherically synchronous response to the Younger Dryas climatic event
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2605
Using the 14C Bomb Pulse to Date Young Speleothems
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200056605
Abstract: Three modern speleothems were s led at high resolution for radiocarbon analysis to identify their bomb-pulse signatures and to construct chronologies. Each speleothem exhibited a different 14 C response, presumed to be related to site characteristics such as vegetation, temperature, rainfall, depth below the surface, and water pathway through the aquifer. Peak 14 C activity for WM4 is 134.1 pMC, the highest cited thus far in the literature and suggestive of a lower inertia at this site. Dead carbon fractions for each stalagmite were calculated and found to be relatively similar for the 3 speleothems and lower than those derived from Northern Hemisphere speleothems. An inverse modeling technique based on the work of Genty and Massault (1999) was used to estimate soil carbon residence times. For each speleothem, mean soil 14 C reservoir ages differed greatly between the 3 sites, ranging from 2–6.5 to 32–46 yr.
The antiquity of Nullarbor speleothems and implications for karst palaeoclimate archives
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-37097-2
Abstract: Speleothems represent important archives of terrestrial climate variation that host a variety of proxy signals and are also highly amenable to radiometric age determination. Although speleothems have been forming on Earth for at least 400 million years, most studies rely upon the U-Th chronometer which extends only to the mid Pleistocene, leaving important questions over their longer-term preservation potential. To date, older records, exploiting the advantages of the U-Pb chronometer, remain fragmentary ‘snapshots in time’. Here we demonstrate the viability of speleothems as deep time climate archives by showing that a vast system of shallow caves beneath the arid Nullarbor plain of southern Australia, the world’s largest exposed karst terrain, formed largely within the Pliocene epoch, with a median age of 4.2 Ma, and that, in these caves, even the most delicate formations date from this time. The long-term preservation of regional-scale cave networks such as this demonstrates that abundant speleothem archives do survive to permit the reconstruction of climates and environments for much older parts of Earth history than the ~600 ka period to which most previous studies have been limited.
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis after surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13632
Abstract: Left vocal cord paralysis (LVCP) is variably reported post ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Our objective was to determine the incidence of LVCP and identify predictive factors and associated morbidities in preterm infants post PDA ligation. This is a retrospective cohort study of infants less than 29 weeks gestational age from 2006 to 2014 who underwent PDA ligation. Infants with laryngeal symptoms underwent flexible fibreoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy to evaluate vocal cord function. We compared short- and long-term morbidities among infants with and without symptomatic LVCP. A total of 35 infants underwent PDA ligation in the study period, of which 11 infants (31%) developed symptomatic LVCP. Dysphonia was the presenting symptom in all neonates with LVCP and stridor was present in 46% (5/11) of them. The median (interquartile range) gestation (25 weeks (24-27) vs. 25 weeks (23-28)), birthweight (810 g (550-1180) vs. 825 g (550-1220)) and age at surgery (19 days (9-27) vs. 20 (5-69)) were similar in infants with and without LVCP, respectively. Infants with LVCP took significantly longer to reach suck feeds (128 vs. 90 days, P = <0.001), stayed longer in hospital (119 vs. 95 days, P = 0.01) and were more likely to go home on oxygen (73 vs. 27% P = 0.024). Neurodevelopmental outcomes were similar in the two groups. LVCP was noted in 31% of infants post PDA ligation and was associated with prolonged hospital stay, a longer time to reach suck feeds and a need for home oxygen. No predictive factors for development of LVCP were identified.
Chronology of heterogeneous deposits in the side entrance of postojna cave, Slovenia,Časovna interpretacija raznovrstnih sedimentov v stranskem vhodnem rovu postojnske jame, Slovenija
Publisher: The Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts / Znanstvenoraziskovalni center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti (ZRC SAZU)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.3986/AGS.7059
Abstract: The development of the tourist trail in the side passage Rov Novih Podpisov of Postojna Cave in 2001 exposed an over four metres thick sedimentary succession characterised by horizontal flowstone layers intercalated between fine-grained fluvial sediments, and gravel deposits that record past environmental changes. The time of the flowstone deposition was determined by radiocarbon and uranium-thorium dating techniques. The results yielded three distinctive age groups of flowstone facies of 33 ka, 103 ka and 153 ka. These results also indicate that flowstone deposition has not been limited solely to periods of warm climate, which suggests that environmental conditions during glacial periods in south-western Slovenia supported flowstone deposition.
Persistent influence of obliquity on ice age terminations since the Middle Pleistocene transition
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 13-03-2020
Abstract: Understanding more exactly how the timing of deglaciations depends on changes in insolation, or the energy received by Earth from the Sun, requires precise and independent records of both environmental change and solar energy input. Bajo et al . strengthened the weak link of that two-member chain, the environmental record, by developing a precise, radiometrically dated chronology of the 11 deglaciations of the past million years derived from speleothems. This allowed them to show more clearly how the initiation and duration of glacial terminations over that period depended on solar obliquity and precession. Science , this issue p. 1235
Multiproxy record for the last 4500 years from Lake Shkodra (Albania/Montenegro)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2563
Comparison of bulk and sequential sampling methodologies on mammoth tooth enamel and their implications in paleoenvironmental reconstructions
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGQSJ-71-227-2022
Abstract: Abstract. Mammoth teeth have been widely investigated using stable-isotopic analysis for paleoenvironmental and paleoecological reconstructions due to their large size and frequent discoveries. Many past investigations s led the tooth enamel with the “bulk” method, which involves drilling one s le from the occlusal surface to the root for each tooth. Some of the more recent studies applied the “sequential” method, with a sequence of s les drilled following the dominant enamel growth direction to produce a time series of isotopic oscillations that reflects high-resolution environmental changes, as well as changes in mammoth dietary behavior. Although both the bulk and mean sequential δ18O values are expected to represent the averaged signal over the time of tooth formation, it is uncertain whether their paleoenvironmental records were formed during similar periods of time. In this study, we applied both s ling methods (sequential drilling first followed by a thin layer of bulk drilling) on the same enamel ridges of multiple mammoth teeth and compared their respective δ18O values. The results indicated that, in most enamel ridges, the bulk s les have more negative δ18O values compared to the average sequential values, and some of the bulk values even fall outside the range of sequential values. The most likely explanation for the differences is the structure and formation stages of enamel that caused uneven distributions of different seasons recorded in the s les. This finding provides insights into current limitations of the two s ling methods and the applicability of cross-method data comparison from past studies.
Micro-erosion meter measurements of travertine deposition rates: A case study from louie creek, Northwest Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199711)22:11<1037::AID-ESP800>3.0.CO;2-X
The 4.2 ka event in the central Mediterranean: new data from a Corchia speleothem (Apuan Alps, central Italy)
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 22-01-2019
Abstract: Abstract. We present new data on the 4.2 ka event in the central Mediterranean from Corchia Cave (Tuscany, central Italy) stalagmite CC27. The stalagmite was analyzed for stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and trace elements (Mg, U, P, Y), with all proxies showing a coherent phase of reduced cave recharge between ca. 4.5 and 4.1 ka BP. Based on the current climatological data on cyclogenesis, the reduction in cave recharge is considered to be associated with the weakening of the cyclone center located in the Gulf of Genoa in response to reduced advection of air masses from the Atlantic during winter. These conditions, which closely resemble a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) type of configuration, are associated with cooler and wetter summers with reduced sea warming, which reduced the western Mediterranean evaporation during autumn–early winter, further reducing precipitation.
Regulation of the ovarian inflammatory response at ovulation by nuclear progesterone receptor
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AJI.12835
Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
The influence of Antarctic subglacial volcanism on the global iron cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS15425
Abstract: Marine sediment records suggest that episodes of major atmospheric CO 2 drawdown during the last glacial period were linked to iron (Fe) fertilization of subantarctic surface waters. The principal source of this Fe is thought to be dust transported from southern mid-latitude deserts. However, uncertainty exists over contributions to CO 2 sequestration from complementary Fe sources, such as the Antarctic ice sheet, due to the difficulty of locating and interrogating suitable archives that have the potential to preserve such information. Here we present petrographic, geochemical and microbial DNA evidence preserved in precisely dated subglacial calcites from close to the East Antarctic Ice-Sheet margin, which together suggest that volcanically-induced drainage of Fe-rich waters during the Last Glacial Maximum could have reached the Southern Ocean. Our results support a significant contribution of Antarctic volcanism to subglacial transport and delivery of nutrients with implications on ocean productivity at peak glacial conditions.
The hydrochemical response of cave drip waters to sub-annual and inter-annual climate variability, Wombeyan Caves, SE Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Enhanced climate instability in the North Atlantic and southern Europe during the Last Interglacial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-10-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-06683-3
Abstract: Considerable ambiguity remains over the extent and nature of millennial/centennial-scale climate instability during the Last Interglacial (LIG). Here we analyse marine and terrestrial proxies from a deep-sea sediment sequence on the Portuguese Margin and combine results with an intensively dated Italian speleothem record and climate-model experiments. The strongest expression of climate variability occurred during the transitions into and out of the LIG. Our records also document a series of multi-centennial intra-interglacial arid events in southern Europe, coherent with cold water-mass expansions in the North Atlantic. The spatial and temporal fingerprints of these changes indicate a reorganization of ocean surface circulation, consistent with low-intensity disruptions of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The litude of this LIG variability is greater than that observed in Holocene records. Episodic Greenland ice melt and runoff as a result of excess warmth may have contributed to AMOC weakening and increased climate instability throughout the LIG.
The 8.2 ka event in northern Spain: timing, structure and climatic impact from a multi-proxy speleothem record
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 17-06-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-2022-386
Abstract: Abstract. The 8.2 ka event is regarded as the most prominent climate anomaly of the Holocene, and is thought to have been triggered by a meltwater release to the North Atlantic that was of sufficient magnitude to disrupt the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). It is most clearly captured in Greenland ice-core records, where it is reported as a cold and dry anomaly lasting ~160 years, from 8.25 ± 0.05 ka BP until 8.09 ± 0.05 ka BP (Thomas et al., 2007). It is also recorded in several archives in the North Atlantic region, however its interpreted timing, evolution and impacts vary significantly. This inconsistency is commonly attributed to poorly constrained chronologies and/or inadequately resolved time series. Here we present a high-resolution speleothem record of early Holocene palaeoclimate from El Soplao Cave in northern Spain, a region pertinent to studying the impacts of AMOC perturbations on south-western Europe. We explore the timing and impact of the 8.2 ka event on a decadal scale by coupling speleothem stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios, trace element ratios (Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca) and growth rate. Throughout the entire speleothem record, δ18O variability is related to changes in effective recharge. This is supported by the pattern of changes in δ13C, Mg / Ca and growth rate. The 8.2 ka event is marked as a centennial-scale negative excursion in El Soplao δ18O, starting at 8.19 ± 0.06 ka BP and lasting until 8.05 ± 0.05 ka BP, suggesting increased recharge at the time. Although this is supported by the other proxies, the litude of the changes is minor and largely within the realm of variability over the preceding 1000 years. Further, the shift to lower δ18O leads the other proxies, which we interpret as the imprint of the change in the isotopic composition of the moisture source, associated with the meltwater flux to the North Atlantic. A comparison with other well-dated records from south-western Europe reveals that the timing of the 8.2 ka event was synchronous, with an error-weighted mean age for the onset of 8.23 ± 0.03 ka BP and 8.10 ± 0.05 ka BP for the end of the event. This compares favourably with the NGRIP record. The comparison also reveals that the El Soplao δ18O is structurally similar to the other archives in south-western Europe, and the NGRIP ice-core record.
Hydrology of cave drip waters at varying bedrock depths from a karst system in southeastern Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-03-2007
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.6356
Geoarchaeological finds below Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia): A split-level cave system for Homo floresiensis?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Direct astronomical influence on abrupt climate variability
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2021
U-Pb geochronology of speleothems by MC-ICPMS
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2006
Coeval dry events in the central and eastern Mediterranean basin at 5.2 and 5.6ka recorded in Corchia (Italy) and Soreq caves (Israel) speleothems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
An environmental model of fluvial tufas in the monsoonal tropics, Barkly karst, northern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
Isolating the influence of ontogeny helps predict island-wide variability in fish otolith chemistry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2019
Supplementary material to DQPB: software for calculating disequilibrium U-Pb ages
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 30-09-2022
Synchronous climate change between the Arctic and the Asian and Indo-Australian summer monsoon domains at the Younger Dryas termination
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-12867
Abstract: & & The end of the Younger Dryas (YD) was Earth& #8217 s last major abrupt climate event and is most vividly preserved in the water-isotope (ice & #948 & sup& & /sup& O), calcium (Ca& sup& +& /sup& ) and methane-concentration (CH& sub& & /sub& ) series of Greenland ice cores. Although numerous palaeoclimate records span this transition, surprisingly few have the dating precision necessary to test whether or not abrupt warming in Greenland was accompanied by synchronous climate changes beyond the Arctic. Speleothems, with their exceptional absolute chronologies, are well placed to conduct such a test.& & & & Here we apply a change-point detection algorithm to new and published speleothem & #948 & sup& & /sup& O records of the YD from the Indo-Australian summer monsoon and Asian summer monsoon domains to compare the synchronicity of hydroclimate changes across the YD termination. The algorithm, which identifies the age (and its uncertainty) of a regime shift in a time series, was applied to the 13 - 11 ka interval of each speleothem record. The results yield an error-weighted mean YD-termination age of 11.55 & #177 0.02 ka BP (2& #963 ), supporting the hypothesis of a closely coupled monsoon seesaw. Analysis of the Greenland NGRIP ice-core & #948 & sup& & /sup& O and Ca& sup& +& /sup& records on the GICC05 chronology for the same interval produces a YD-termination age of 11.63 & #177 0.10 ka BP. Although the NGRIP and speleothem ages overlap within uncertainties, this hints at a possible Arctic lead over the tropics. However, if we apply a correction to the GICC05 chronology based on recent ice-core & sup& & /sup& Be and tree-ring & sup& & /sup& C synchronisation, the change-point analysis gives a NGRIP termination age of 11.57 & #177 0.02 ka BP. This revised timing is consistent with the Cariaco Basin greyscale record (11.56 & #177 0.02 ka BP). It also brings the NGRIP and Antarctic WAIS Divide ice-core CH& sub& & /sub& records into perfect alignment across the transition. This assemblage of ages from geographically dispersed regions suggests that hydroclimate changes associated with the YD termination were synchronous, at least to within a couple of decades. It also calls for a revision to the onset age of the Greenlandian Stage (the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary).& &
Isotopic characterization of cave environments at varying altitudes on the eastern Adriatic coast (Croatia) – Implications for future speleothem-based studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
New advances in the dating of speleothems - An introduction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Perturbation of the deep-Earth carbon cycle in response to the Cambrian Explosion.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 04-03-2022
Abstract: Earth's carbon cycle is strongly influenced by subduction of sedimentary material into the mantle. The composition of the sedimentary subduction flux has changed considerably over Earth's history, but the impact of these changes on the mantle carbon cycle is unclear. Here, we show that the carbon isotopes of kimberlite magmas record a fundamental change in their deep-mantle source compositions during the Phanerozoic Eon. The
The final stages of kimberlite petrogenesis: Petrography, mineral chemistry, melt inclusions and Sr-C-O isotope geochemistry of the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Perturbation of the deep-Earth carbon cycle in response to the Cambrian Explosion
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 27-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-3611
Abstract: & & Earth& #8217 s carbon cycle is strongly influenced by subduction of sedimentary material into the mantle. The composition of the sedimentary subduction flux has changed considerably over Earth& #8217 s history, but the impact of these changes on the mantle carbon cycle is unclear. Here we show that the carbon isotopes of kimberlite magmas record a fundamental change in their deep-mantle source compositions during the Phanerozoic Eon. The & sup& & /sup& C/& sup& & /sup& C of kimberlites prior to ~250 Myr preserves typical mantle values, whereas younger kimberlites exhibit lower and more variable ratios & #8211 a switch coincident with a recognised surge in kimberlite magmatism. We attribute these changes to increased deep subduction of organic carbon with low & sup& & /sup& C/& sup& & /sup& C following the Cambrian Explosion when organic carbon deposition in marine sediments increased significantly. These observations demonstrate that biogeochemical processes at Earth& #8217 s surface have a profound influence on the deep mantle, revealing an integral link between the deep and shallow carbon cycles.& &
Larval caddis-fly nets and retreats: A unique biosedimentary paleocurrent indicator for fossil tufa deposits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
The Sedimentological Significance of Hydropsychid Caddis-Fly Larvae (Order: Trichoptera) in a Travertine-Depositing Stream: Louie Creek, Northwest Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Society for Sedimentary Geology
Date: 1999
Factors controlling the chemical evolution of travertine-depositing rivers of the Barkly karst, northern Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-05-2002
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.1078
The holocene climatic evolution of mediterranean Italy: A review of the continental geological data
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-01-2011
Abstract: We present a synthesis of geological, stratigraphic, geomorphological and stable isotope data collected from continental archives to highlight the environmental and climatic differences between the first and second half of the Holocene of central and southern Italy. The beginning of the Holocene is marked by rapid environmental change. In Mediterranean Italy, between c. 9500 cal. BP and c. 6000—5500 cal. BP, average temperatures were probably higher and environmental conditions were generally stable between c. 9000 and 7000 cal. BP, meteoric precipitation was at its highest. The end of the wetter period seems to occur later, at c. 6000—5000 cal. BP. Since c. 6000—5000 cal. BP, rapid climatic excursions are apparent in different palaeoclimate proxies, with both variability in meteoric precipitation and temperature evident. Of particular relevance is the event occurring at c. 4200 cal. BP. This event heralds a period of significant environmental change in the Apennines and, more generally, in central Italy. Following this event, environmental variability appears most pronounced and frequent. Some environmental changes during the early Holocene and after 4200 cal. BP seem to be in phase with IRD events in the North Atlantic, which suggest: (1) teleconnections between North Atlantic and Mediterranean areas and (2) a possible influence of North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in controlling the advection of moisture over the central Mediterranean basin via westerly air masses. The archives used in this review allow us to consider climate evolution as a driver of most of the observed environmental changes.
The 2002-2003 El Niño recorded in Australian cave drip waters: Implications for reconstructing rainfall histories using stalagmites
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 11-2004
DOI: 10.1029/2004GL020859
Stalagmite carbon isotopes and dead carbon proportion (DCP) in a near-closed-system situation: An interplay between sulphuric and carbonic acid dissolution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Kimberlite-related metasomatism recorded in MARID and PIC mantle xenoliths
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2018
Evidence for Holocene changes in Australian–Indonesian monsoon rainfall from stalagmite trace element and stable isotope ratios
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-03-2010
Younger Dryas-Holocene temperature and rainfall history of southern Indonesia from δ18O in speleothem calcite and fluid inclusions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Interstadial conditions over the Southern Alps during the early penultimate glacial (MIS 6): a multiproxy record from Rio Martino Cave (Italy)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Karst morphology and cave sediments as indicators of the uplift history in the Alpi Apuane (Tuscany, Italy)
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2003
13C18O clumping in speleothems: Observations from natural caves and precipitation experiments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Western Pacific hydroclimate linked to global climate variability over the past two millennia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS11719
Abstract: Interdecadal modes of tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere circulation have a strong influence on global temperature, yet the extent to which these phenomena influence global climate on multicentury timescales is still poorly known. Here we present a 2,000-year, multiproxy reconstruction of western Pacific hydroclimate from two speleothem records for southeastern Indonesia. The composite record shows pronounced shifts in monsoon rainfall that are antiphased with precipitation records for East Asia and the central-eastern equatorial Pacific. These meridional and zonal patterns are best explained by a poleward expansion of the Australasian Intertropical Convergence Zone and weakening of the Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) between ∼1000 and 1500 CE Conversely, an equatorward contraction of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and strengthened PWC occurred between ∼1500 and 1900 CE . Our findings, together with climate model simulations, highlight the likelihood that century-scale variations in tropical Pacific climate modes can significantly modulate radiatively forced shifts in global temperature.
Neoproterozoic aragonite-dolomite seas? Widespread marine dolomite precipitation in Cryogenian reef complexes
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1130/G32119.1
Evaporite karst in Italy: A review
Publisher: University of South Florida Libraries
Date: 05-2017
The penultimate deglaciation: protocol for Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4 transient numerical simulations between 140 and 127 ka, version 1.0
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 22-08-2019
Abstract: Abstract. The penultimate deglaciation (PDG, ∼138–128 thousand years before present, hereafter ka) is the transition from the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM) to the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼129–116 ka). The LIG stands out as one of the warmest interglacials of the last 800 000 years (hereafter kyr), with high-latitude temperature warmer than today and global sea level likely higher by at least 6 m. Considering the transient nature of the Earth system, the LIG climate and ice-sheet evolution were certainly influenced by the changes occurring during the penultimate deglaciation. It is thus important to investigate, with coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), the climate and environmental response to the large changes in boundary conditions (i.e. orbital configuration, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, ice-sheet geometry and associated meltwater fluxes) occurring during the penultimate deglaciation. A deglaciation working group has recently been set up as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4, with a protocol to perform transient simulations of the last deglaciation (19–11 ka although the protocol covers 26–0 ka). Similar to the last deglaciation, the disintegration of continental ice sheets during the penultimate deglaciation led to significant changes in the oceanic circulation during Heinrich Stadial 11 (∼136–129 ka). However, the two deglaciations bear significant differences in magnitude and temporal evolution of climate and environmental changes. Here, as part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES)-PMIP working group on Quaternary interglacials (QUIGS), we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation under the auspices of PMIP4. This design includes time-varying changes in orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations, continental ice sheets as well as freshwater input from the disintegration of continental ice sheets. This experiment is designed for AOGCMs to assess the coupled response of the climate system to all forcings. Additional sensitivity experiments are proposed to evaluate the response to each forcing. Finally, a selection of paleo-records representing different parts of the climate system is presented, providing an appropriate benchmark for upcoming model–data comparisons across the penultimate deglaciation.
Early last glacial intra-interstadial climate variability recorded in a Sardinian speleothem
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2031
Stable isotope composition of Helix ligata (Müller, 1774) from Late Pleistocene-Holocene archaeological record from Grotta della Serratura (Southern Italy): Palaeoclimatic implications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Southern Hemisphere subtropical drying as a transient response to warming
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2019
Effect of aragonite to calcite transformation on the geochemistry and dating accuracy of speleothems. An example from Castañar Cave, Spain
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1130/G22103.1
Speleothem U/Th age constraints for the Last Glacial conditions in the Apuan Alps, northwestern Italy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Evidence for global teleconnections in a late Pleistocene speleothem record of water balance and vegetation change at Sudwala Cave, South Africa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Magnesium in subaqueous speleothems as a potential palaeotemperature proxy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-18083-7
Abstract: Few palaeoclimate archives beyond the polar regions preserve continuous and datable palaeotemperature proxy time series over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. This h ers efforts to develop a more coherent picture of global patterns of past temperatures. Here we show that Mg concentrations in a subaqueous speleothem from an Italian cave track regional sea-surface temperatures over the last 350,000 years. The Mg shows higher values during warm climate intervals and converse patterns during cold climate stages. In contrast to previous studies, this implicates temperature, not rainfall, as the principal driver of Mg variability. The depositional setting of the speleothem gives rise to Mg partition coefficients that are more temperature dependent than other calcites, enabling the effect of temperature change on Mg partitioning to greatly exceed the effects of changes in source-water Mg/Ca. Subaqueous speleothems from similar deep-cave environments should be capable of providing palaeotemperature information over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles.
Suspended sediments in karst spring waters near Massa (Tuscany), Italy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2001
A model for the formation of layered soda-straw stalactites
Publisher: University of South Florida Libraries
Date: 05-2013
“Cryptic” diagenesis and its implications for speleothem geochronologies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Synchronous timing of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 20-08-2020
Abstract: Abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period have been detected in a global array of palaeoclimate records, but our understanding of their absolute timing and regional synchrony is incomplete. Our compilation of 63 published, independently dated speleothem records shows that abrupt warmings in Greenland were associated with synchronous climate changes across the Asian Monsoon, South American Monsoon, and European-Mediterranean regions that occurred within decades. Together with the demonstration of bipolar synchrony in atmospheric response, this provides independent evidence of synchronous high-latitude–to-tropical coupling of climate changes during these abrupt warmings. Our results provide a globally coherent framework with which to validate model simulations of abrupt climate change and to constrain ice-core chronologies.
The evolving landscape and climate of western Flores
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHEVOL.2009.01.007
Abstract: The rapidly changing landscape of the eastern Indonesian archipelago has evolved at a pace dictated by its tropical climate and its geological and tectonic history. This has produced accelerated karstification, flights of alluvial terraces, and complex, multi-level cave systems. These cave systems sometimes contain a wealth of archaeological evidence, such as the almost complete skeleton of Homo floresiensis found at the site of Liang Bua in western Flores, but this information can only be understood in the context of the geomorphic history of the cave, and the more general geological, tectonic, and environmental histories of the river valley and region. Thus, a reconstruction of the landscape history of the Wae Racang valley using speleothems, geological structure, tectonic uplift, karst, cave, and terrace development, provides the necessary evidence to determine the formation, age, evolution, and influences on the site. This evidence suggests that Liang Bua was formed as two subterranean chambers approximately 600ka, but could not be occupied until approximately 190ka when the Wae Racang wandered to the southern side of the valley, exposing the chamber and depositing alluvial deposits containing artifacts. During the next approximately 190k.yr., the chambers coalesced and evolved into a multi-level and interconnected cave that was subjected to channel erosion and pooling events by the development of sinkholes. The domed morphology of the front chamber accumulated deep sediments containing well stratified archaeological and faunal remains, but ponded water in the chamber further prevented hominin use of the cave until approximately 100ka. These chambers were periodically influenced by river inundation and volcanic activity, whereas the area outside the cave was greatly influenced by glacial phases, which changed humid forest environments into grassland environments. This combined evidence has important implications for the archaeological interpretation of the site.
Deciphering late Quaternary land snail shell δ18O and δ13C from Franchthi Cave (Argolid, Greece)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.YQRES.2013.03.006
Abstract: This paper investigates the stable isotopic composition from late Pleistocene–Holocene (~ 13 to ~ 10.5 cal ka BP) shells of the land snail Helix figulina , from Franchthi Cave (Greece). It explores the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental implications of the isotope palaeoecology of archaeological shells at the time of human occupation of the cave. Modern shells from around the cave were also analysed and their isotopic signatures compared with those of the archaeological shells. The carbon isotope composition of modern shells depicts the consumption of C 3 vegetation. Shell oxygen isotopic values are consistent with other Mediterranean snail shells from coastal areas. Combining empirical linear regression and an evaporative model, the δ 18 Os suggest that modern snails in the study area are active during periods of higher relative humidity and lower rainfall δ 18 O, probably at night. Late glacial and early Holocene δ 18 Os show lower values compared to modern ones. Early Holocene δ 18 Os values likely track enhanced moisture and isotopic changes in the precipitation source. By contrast, lower late glacial δ 18 O could reflect lower temperatures and δ 18 Op, compared to the present day. Shell carbon isotope values indicate the presence of C 3 vegetation as main source of carbon to late glacial and early Holocene snails.
Early-middle Holocene land snail shell stable isotope record from Grotta di Latronico 3 (southern Italy)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-11-2010
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.1429
Constraining the onset of the Holocene Neoglacial over the central Italy using tephra layers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-06-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.YQRES.2012.05.010
Abstract: A study of six tephra layers discovered in different deposits between 1600 and 2700 m a.s.l. in the Apennine chain in central Italy allowed precise stratigraphic constraints on environmental and climatic changes between ca. 4.5 and 3.8 cal ka BP. Chemical analyses allowed the correlation of these tephra layers with the eruptions of Agnano Mt Spina (AMST) from Phlegrean Field and Avellino (AVT) from Somma–Vesuvius. Major environmental changes in the high mountains of the Central Apennines occurred just after the deposition of the AMST and predate the deposition of the AVT. At this time, renewed growth of the Calderone Glacier occurred, marking the onset of the Apennine “Neoglacial”. The presence of the AMST and AVT enabled us to make a precise, physical correlation with other archives in central Italy. Synchronization of records between sites showed that the period intervening the deposition of the AMST and AVT layers coincided with environmental changes that were not always exactly in phase. This highlights the fact that stratigraphic correlations using only radiocarbon chronologies (the most common method used for dating archives during the Holocene) could produce erroneous correlation of events, giving rise to oversimplified paleoclimatic reconstructions.
A re-evaluation of the palaeoclimatic significance of phosphorus variability in speleothems revealed by high-resolution synchrotron micro XRF mapping
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-12-2012
Abstract: Abstract. Phosphorus (P) is potentially a very important environmental proxy in speleothem palaeoclimate reconstructions. However, the transfer of P to a speleothem seems to vary between cave sites. Therefore, it is important to investigate the source of P and the way it is incorporated into a speleothem on a site-by-site basis before it can be used as a robust palaeoclimate proxy. In this paper, the distribution of P in one modern and two Early Pliocene speleothems formed in coastal caves on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Nullarbor Plain (southern Australia) is investigated using microscopy and ultra-high resolution chemical mapping. Phosphorus has been found to be both incorporated in the lattice and present as erse P-rich phases. Monitoring data from Christmas Island suggest that co-precipitation of P-rich phases occurs when "prior calcite precipitation" decreases following recharge, even if the drip rate decreases. Microbial mediation may also play a role, which complicates a direct climate relationship between P and hydrology. We find that some P-enriched layers contain dissolution features, with possible involvement of microbial mats which colonise pores during reduced drip rates associated with prolonged dry spells. In the two Early Pliocene speleothems the relationship between P and microbial laminae is clearer. Both petrographic and chemical data suggest that phosphorus-rich phases in the microbial laminae mark intervals of reduced drip rates, which may indicate dry intervals during the otherwise wet palaeoclimate of the Early Pliocene. We develop a speleothem distribution coefficient for phosphorus (SKP) rather than the thermodynamic partition coefficient (KP) to account for the presence of crystalline phosphate inclusions. SKP describes P enrichment in speleothems regardless of the process, as similar mechanisms of phosphate co-precipitation may be in operation in biotic and abiotic conditions. The most important implication of our study is that variability in P concentration may be related to erse processes which can be recognized through petrographic observations and chemical mapping. In particular, there may not be a direct relation between an increase in P concentration and seasonal infiltration as has been found in some previous studies, especially if the source of this element is not the labile phosphate released through leaching during seasonal vegetation dieback in temperate climates.
Most Earth-surface calcites precipitate out of isotopic equilibrium
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-08336-5
Abstract: Oxygen-isotope thermometry played a critical role in the rise of modern geochemistry and remains extensively used in (bio-)geoscience. Its theoretical foundations rest on the assumption that 18 O/ 16 O partitioning among water and carbonate minerals primarily reflects thermodynamic equilibrium. However, after decades of research, there is no consensus on the true equilibrium 18 O/ 16 O fractionation between calcite and water ( 18 α cc/w ). Here, we constrain the equilibrium relations linking temperature, 18 α cc/w , and clumped isotopes ( Δ 47 ) based on the composition of extremely slow-growing calcites from Devils Hole and Laghetto Basso (Corchia Cave). Equilibrium 18 α cc/w values are systematically ~1.5‰ greater than those in biogenic and synthetic calcite traditionally considered to approach oxygen-isotope equilibrium. We further demonstrate that subtle disequilibria also affect Δ 47 in biogenic calcite. These observations provide evidence that most Earth-surface calcites fail to achieve isotopic equilibrium, highlighting the need to improve our quantitative understanding of non-equilibrium isotope fractionation effects instead of relying on phenomenological calibrations.
Millennial-scale climate variability during the Last Interglacial recorded in a speleothem from south-western France
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
New Chronological Constraints from Hypogean Deposits for Late Pliocene to Recent Morphotectonic History of the Alpi Apuane (NW Tuscany, Italy)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/GEOSCIENCES11020065
Abstract: A sedimentary sequence of fluvial deposits preserved in the Corchia Cave (Alpi Apuane) provides new chronological constraints for the evolution of the cave system and the timing and rate of uplift of this sector of the Alpi Apuane since the late Pliocene. Supported by magnetostratigraphic analysis performed on fine-grained fluvial deposits, and by radiometric dating of speleothems, we suggest that the deposition of fluvial sediments occurred between ~1.6–1.2 Ma. This implies that the host volume of rock was already located close to the local base level, adding key information about the recent tectonic evolution of the Alpi Apuane. A few before ~1 Ma, an erosive phase occurred due to the base-level lowering, followed by continuous speleothem deposition since at least 0.97 Ma. From that time, Monte Corchia uplifted at a maximum rate of ~0.5 mm/year, which is consistent with isostatic uplift mainly driven by erosional unloading. The petrographical study of the fluvial deposits highlights the presence of material derived from the erosion of rocks that today are absent in the cave’s catchment area, suggesting a different surface morphology during the Early Pleistocene. This study highlights the potential of cave sediments as archives for reconstructing the uplift history of mountain ranges.
Hydrological variability over the Apennines during the Early Last Glacial precession minimum, as revealed by a stable isotope record from Sulmona basin, Central Italy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2755
U and Pb variability in older speleothems and strategies for their chronology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Dating recent floodplain sediments in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system, eastern Australia using single-grain quartz OSL
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/BOR.12018
Hydroclimate of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern Australia’s arid margin interpreted from speleothem records (23–15 ka)
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 21-12-2016
DOI: 10.5194/CP-2016-135
Abstract: Abstract. Terrestrial data spanning the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and deglaciation from the southern Australian region are sparse, and limited to discontinuous sedimentological and geomorphological records with relatively large chronological uncertainties. This dearth of records has prevented a critical assessment of the role of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude westerly winds on the region’s climate during this time period. In this study, two precisely-dated speleothem records for Mairs Cave, Flinders Ranges, are presented, providing a detailed terrestrial hydroclimatic record for the southern Australian drylands during 23–15 ka for the first time. Enhanced recharge to Mairs Cave is interpreted from the speleothem record by the activation of growth, physical flood layering and δ18O and δ13C minima. Periods of lowered recharge are indicated by isotopic enrichment, primarily affecting δ18O, argued to be driven by evaporation of shallow soil/epikarst water in this water-limited environment. A hydrological driver is supported by calcite fabric changes. The Mairs Cave record indicates that the Flinders Ranges were relatively wet during the LGM and early deglaciation, particularly over the interval 18.9–16 ka. This wetter phase ended abruptly with a shift to drier conditions at 15.8 ka. These findings are in agreement with the geomorphic archives for this region, as well as the timing of events in records from the broader Australasian region. The recharge phases identified in the Mairs Cave record are correlated with, but antiphase to, the position of the westerly winds interpreted from a marine core in the Great Australian Bight. The implication is that the mid-latitude westerlies are located further south during the period of enhanced recharge in the Mairs Cave record (18.9–16 ka), and conversely are located further north when greater aridity is interpreted in the speleothem record. A comparison with speleothem records from the northern Australasian region reveals that the availability of sub-tropical/tropical moisture is the most likely explanation driving enhanced recharge, with further lification of recharge occurring during the early half of Heinrich Stadial 1, possibly influenced by a more southerly-displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A rapid transition to aridity at 15.8 ka is consistent with a retraction of this tropical moisture source.
Late quaternary speleogenesis and landscape evolution in the northern Apennine evaporite areas
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2017
DOI: 10.1002/ESP.4099
Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS3908
Abstract: Recent studies have proposed that millennial-scale reorganization of the ocean-atmosphere circulation drives increased upwelling in the Southern Ocean, leading to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and ice age terminations. Southward migration of the global monsoon is thought to link the hemispheres during deglaciation, but vital evidence from the southern sector of the vast Australasian monsoon system is yet to emerge. Here we present a 230thorium-dated stalagmite oxygen isotope record of millennial-scale changes in Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall over the last 31,000 years. The record shows that abrupt southward shifts of the Australian-Indonesian monsoon were synchronous with North Atlantic cold intervals 17,600-11,500 years ago. The most prominent southward shift occurred in lock-step with Heinrich Stadial 1 (17,600-14,600 years ago), and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Our findings show that millennial-scale climate change was transmitted rapidly across Australasia and lend support to the idea that the 3,000-year-long Heinrich 1 interval could have been critical in driving the last deglaciation.
Regional climate variability and ecosystem responses to the last deglaciation in the northern hemisphere from stable isotope data and calcite fabrics in two northern Adriatic stalagmites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
The sedimentological significance of hydropsychid caddis-fly larvae (order: trichoptera) in a travertine-depositing stream: Louie creek, northwest Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Society for Sedimentary Geology
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.2110/JSR.69.145
The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 27-03-2019
Abstract: Abstract. The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence is controversial and contradictory, and issues remain regarding timing, progression, and regional articulation of this event. In this paper, we review the evidence from selected proxies (sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and temperature reconstructed from pollen, δ18O on speleothems, and δ18O on lacustrine carbonate) over the Mediterranean Basin to infer possible regional climate patterns during the interval between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. The values and limitations of these proxies are discussed, and their potential for furnishing information on seasonality is also explored. Despite the chronological uncertainties, which are the main limitations for disentangling details of the climatic conditions, the data suggest that winter over the Mediterranean involved drier conditions, in addition to already dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail – where wetter conditions seem to have persisted – suggesting regional heterogeneity in climate patterns. Temperature data, even if sparse, also suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform. The most common paradigm to interpret the precipitation regime in the Mediterranean – a North Atlantic Oscillation-like pattern – is not completely satisfactory to interpret the selected data.
Duration and dynamics of the best orbital analogue to the present interglacial
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1130/G36677.1
An end to the Last Interglacial highstand before 120 ka: Relative sea-level evidence from Infreschi Cave (Southern Italy)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
A compilation of Western European terrestrial records 60–8 ka BP: towards an understanding of latitudinal climatic gradients
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Climatic significance of seasonal trace element and stable isotope variations in a modern freshwater tufa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2003
Coupling of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude climate during the early to mid-Holocene
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 27-10-2017
DOI: 10.1130/G39705.1
Supplementary material to "Hydroclimate of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern Australia’s arid margin interpreted from speleothem records (23–15 ka)"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 21-12-2016
Corrections for initial isotopic disequilibrium in the speleothem U-Pb dating method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
The influence of diurnal temperatures on the hydrochemistry of a tufa-depositing stream
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.1301
Recharge variability in Australia's southeast alpine region derived from cave monitoring and modern stalagmite δ18O records
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Subaqueous speleothems from the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, as palaeohydrological archives for the arid zone
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-16120
Abstract: & & Australia is the driest continent outside of Antarctica yet relatively little is known about its long-term moisture history. Many local palaeoclimate archives suffer preservation problems, particularly in the arid centre of the continent, where weathering and erosion leave behind an incomplete record. In an attempt to redress the paucity of arid-zone palaeoclimate records, we investigate & #8216 endulites& #8217 , subaqueous speleothems that grow episodically according to fluctuations in local groundwater levels. At Mairs Cave (central Flinders Ranges, South Australia), pendulites have formed around stalactites. During the first sustained episode of drowning, the stalactite is veneered by subaqueous calcite, sealing it and preventing further stalactitic growth after water levels fall. Once sealed, the pendulites only record periods of persistent drowning, assumed to correspond to major pluvial episodes.& & & & Age data from two pendulite s les collected from close to the ceiling where the highest water levels have reached reveal two main groundwater & #8216 high-stand& #8217 phases centred on ~67 and ~48 ka, coincident with Southern Hemisphere summer insolation maxima. This suggests that precession-driven southward migration of the ITCZ resulted in regular and persistent incursions of tropical air masses to the central Flinders Ranges. Trace element, stable isotope and growth-rate changes reveal that these orbitally controlled growth intervals are superimposed by regional climate responses to Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events. The results from Mairs Cave shed new light on the moisture history of central Australia, in particular the competing influences of tropical and middle-latitude circulation systems. This provides a precisely dated regional palaeoclimate template for reconstructing ecosystem changes, understanding human migration/dispersal patterns of the first Australians, and the progressive demise of megafauna. We also highlight the utility of subaqueous speleothems more generally as important archives for investigating arid-zone palaeoclimate.& &
Enhanced rainfall in the Western Mediterranean during deposition of sapropel S1: stalagmite evidence from Corchia cave (Central Italy)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2007
The Paleochrono probabilistic model to derive a consistent chronology for several paleoclimatic sites
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 03-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-822
Abstract: & & Past climatic and environmental changes can be reconstructed thanks to paleoclimatic archives such as ice cores, marine sediment cores, lake sediment cores, speleothems, tree rings, corals, etc. The dating of these natural archives is crucial for deciphering the temporal sequence of events during past climate changes. It is also essential to estimate the absolute and relative errors of such estimated chronologies. This task is, however, complex since it involves the combination of different dating approaches on different paleoclimatic sites and often different types of archives. Here we present Paleochrono, a new probabilistic model to derive a common and probalistically optimal chronology for several paleoclimatic sites with potentially different types of archives. Paleochrono is based on the inversion of an archiving model: a varying deposition rate (also named sedimentation or accumulation rate) and also,& for ice cores, a& lock-in-depth of air bubbles (since air is not trapped at surface) and a thinning function (since ice undergoes flow).& The model integrates several types of chronological information: prior knowledge of the archiving process, independently dated horizons, depth intervals of known duration, undated stratigraphic links between records, and, for ice cores, & #916 depth observations (depth differences between synchronous events recorded in the bubbles and ice, respectively). The optimization is formulated as a least-squares problem, assuming that all densities of probabilities are near-Gaussian and that the model is almost linear in the vicinity of the best solution. Paleochrono is the successor of IceChrono, which was dealing only with ice-core records. Paleochrono& erforms better than IceChrono in terms of computational efficiency, ease of use, and accuracy. We demonstrate the ability of Paleochrono in a new AICC2012-Hulu dating experiment, which combines the AICC2012 dating experiment, based on records from five polar ice cores,& with data from two U/Th-dated speleothems from Hulu Cave (China). We analyse the performance of Paleochrono in terms of computing time and memory usage in various dating experiments. Paleochrono is freely available under the MIT open source license.& &
Palaeoclimatic implications of the growth history and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) geochemistry of a Middle to Late Pleistocene stalagmite from central-western Italy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2004
Unlocking seasonal variations in climate and Indigenous foraging practices associated with paleo-ENSO on the Great Barrier Reef: clues from marine gastropod shells
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-3706
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using archaeological marine mollusc shells as a paleoclimate archive by virtue of their ability to preserve high-resolution paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information in multiple biogeochemical proxies. Moreover, valuable information about past environments, human-environmental interactions, and seasonal foraging practices can be obtained via the analysis of marine gastropods from archaeological sites. Rochia nilotica is the most common shell in coral reef ecosystems across the Indo-Pacific Ocean and archaeological shell middens in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) however, its application as a paleoclimate and paleoenvironment archive to reconstruct the Mid-to-Late Holocene ENSO (El Ni& #241 o-Southern Oscillation) has not yet been investigated. In this study, we compare temporally successive oxygen isotope and trace element records (& #948 O, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca) in modern R. nilotica shells with instrumental environmental records to test whether we can quantitively reconstruct past environmental parameters. Preliminary results show that modern R. nilotica reliably records environmental factors (e.g. sea surface temperature and salinity) in equilibrium with the surrounding environment at a seasonal scale. These proxies will ultimately be applied to reconstruct localised Mid-to-Late Holocene ENSO records at sub-seasonal scales in the Great Barrier Reef. Results obtained from this ongoing research can be used to compare with climate model simulations to provide a more robust reconstruction of paleo ENSO behavior and offers an opportunity to decipher the long-term shellfish management strategies of Indigenous peoples in the GBR environment to provide a baseline for future marine resource management in the GBR.
Low-resolution Australasian palaeoclimate records of the last 2000 years
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 26-10-2017
Abstract: Abstract. Non-annually resolved palaeoclimate records in the Australasian region were compiled to facilitate investigations of decadal to centennial climate variability over the past 2000 years. A total of 675 lake and wetland, geomorphic, marine, and speleothem records were identified. The majority of records are located near population centres in southeast Australia, in New Zealand, and across the maritime continent, and there are few records from the arid regions of central and western Australia. Each record was assessed against a set of a priori criteria based on temporal resolution, record length, dating methods, and confidence in the proxy–climate relationship over the Common Era. A subset of 22 records met the criteria and were endorsed for subsequent analyses. Chronological uncertainty was the primary reason why records did not meet the selection criteria. New chronologies based on Bayesian techniques were constructed for the high-quality subset to ensure a consistent approach to age modelling and quantification of age uncertainties. The primary reasons for differences between published and reconstructed age–depth models were the consideration of the non-singular distribution of ages in calibrated 14C dates and the use of estimated autocorrelation between s led depths as a constraint for changes in accumulation rate. Existing proxies and reconstruction techniques that successfully capture climate variability in the region show potential to address spatial gaps and expand the range of climate variables covering the last 2000 years in the Australasian region. Future palaeoclimate research and records in Australasia could be greatly improved through three main actions: (i) greater data availability through the public archiving of published records (ii) thorough characterisation of proxy–climate relationships through site monitoring and climate sensitivity tests and (iii) improvement of chronologies through core-top dating, inclusion of tephra layers where possible, and increased date density during the Common Era.
The tip of the iceberg: U-Pb dating shows that cave systems can be twice as old as their surface expression
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 26-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-506
Abstract: & & Caves are important fossil repositories providing records extending back over million-year timescales. While the physical processes of cave formation are well understood, a more important parameter to studies of palaeontology, palaeoanthropology and archaeology & #8212 that of the timing of initial cave development and opening & #8212 has proved more difficult to constrain. The Naracoorte Cave Complex (NCC) in southern Australia is a World Heritage site with a rich record of Pleistocene vertebrate fossils, including extinct megafauna, and serves as a natural laboratory in which to investigate these fundamental cave processes. Using U-Th-Pb dating of speleothems we show that the NCC is at least 1.32 million years old, extending the current understanding of initial speleothem formation by ~70% and the antiquity of initial cave development at this site by at least ~20%. We use charcoal and pollen trapped in the same speleothems to place robust constraints on the timing and extent of subsequent cave opening. The findings of this study provide an important means for researchers working on the plethora of fossil-rich sites worldwide to assess the potential upper limit of vertebrate fossil records within caves.& &
Speleothem climate records from deep time? Exploring the potential with an example from the Permian
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1130/G30354.1
The impact of urbanization on subsurface flow paths – A paired-catchment isotopic study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
The formation and environmental significance of calcite rafts in tropical tufa-depositing rivers of northern Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2004
Cave opening and fossil accumulation in Naracoorte, Australia, through charcoal and pollen in dated speleothems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S43247-022-00538-Y
Abstract: Caves are important fossil repositories which provide records extending back over million-year timescales. While the physical processes of cave formation are well understood, the timing of initial cave development and opening—a more important parameter to studies of palaeontology, palaeoanthropology and archaeology—has proved more difficult to constrain. Here we investigate speleothems from the Naracoorte Cave Complex in southern Australia, with a rich record of Pleistocene vertebrate fossils (including extinct megafauna) and partly World Heritage-listed, using U-Th-Pb dating and analyses of their charcoal and pollen content. We find that, although speleothem formation began at least 1.34 million years ago, pollen and charcoal only began to be trapped within growing speleothems from 600,000 years ago. We interpret these two ages to represent the timing of initial cave development and the subsequent opening of the caves to the atmosphere respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of U-Th-Pb dating combined with charcoal and pollen as proxies to assess the potential upper age limit of vertebrate fossil records found within caves.
The 8.2 ka event in northern Spain: timing, structure and climatic impact from a multi-proxy speleothem record
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-10-2022
Abstract: Abstract. The 8.2 ka event is regarded as the most prominent climate anomaly of the Holocene and is thought to have been triggered by a meltwater release to the North Atlantic that was of sufficient magnitude to disrupt the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). It is most clearly captured in Greenland ice-core records, where it is reported as a cold and dry anomaly lasting ∼ 160 years, from 8.25 ± 0.05 until 8.09 ± 0.05 ka (Thomas et al., 2007). It is also recorded in several archives in the North Atlantic region however, its interpreted timing, evolution and impacts vary significantly. This inconsistency is commonly attributed to poorly constrained chronologies and/or inadequately resolved time series. Here we present a high-resolution speleothem record of early Holocene palaeoclimate from El Soplao Cave in northern Spain, a region pertinent to studying the impacts of AMOC perturbations on south-western Europe. We explore the timing and impact of the 8.2 ka event on a decadal scale by coupling speleothem stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios, trace element ratios (Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca), and growth rate. Throughout the entire speleothem record, δ18O variability is related to changes in effective recharge. This is supported by the pattern of changes in δ13C, Mg / Ca and growth rate. The 8.2 ka event is marked as a centennial-scale negative excursion in El Soplao δ18O, starting at 8.19 ± 0.06 ka and lasting until 8.05 ± 0.05 ka, suggesting increased recharge at the time. Although this is supported by the other proxies, the litude of the changes is minor and largely within the realm of variability over the preceding 1000 years. Further, the shift to lower δ18O leads the other proxies, which we interpret as the imprint of the change in the isotopic composition of the moisture source, associated with the meltwater flux to the North Atlantic. A comparison with other well-dated records from south-western Europe reveals that the timing of the 8.2 ka event was synchronous, with an error-weighted mean age for the onset of 8.23 ± 0.03 and 8.10 ± 0.05 ka for the end of the event. This compares favourably with the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) record. The comparison also reveals that the El Soplao δ18O is structurally similar to the other archives in south-western Europe and the NGRIP ice-core record.
Frequency and dynamics of millennial-scale variability during Marine Isotope Stage 19: Insights from the Sulmona Basin (central Italy)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
The World Heritage Naracoorte Caves beyond 500 ka: U-Pb dating and charcoal analysis from speleothems with implications for Pleistocene vertebrate fossil deposits
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 03-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-4488
Abstract: & & Under the current rapid global warming, studying how environments responded to past climate change becomes increasingly important to better understand what impact climate variability has on regional flora and fauna. Our new multi-proxy study to the World Heritage Naracoorte Caves in southern Australia provides a unique window into the past climate as they are heavily decorated with speleothems but also contain in-fill deposits rich in Pleistocene vertebrate fossils including the extinct Australian megafauna. Until now, these speleothems have been dated using U-Th series and the fossil-bearing sediments with Optical Stimulated Luminescence and Electro Spin Resonance techniques, but only up to ca. 500 ka. We have U-Pb dated speleothems from the Naracoorte Caves for the first time and extended the record beyond 500 ka. We combined precise chronology with analyses of pollen and charcoal within the speleothems which allows us to better understand how southern Australia& #8217 s climate and its vegetation changed during the Quaternary. It also provides a unique insight into the timing and extent of cave opening with important potential for much older vertebrate fossil deposits than previously thought.& &
Paleoclimate studies and natural-resource management in the Murray-Darling Basin I: past, present and future climates
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2013
Abrupt increase in east Indonesian rainfall from flooding of the Sunda Shelf ~9500years ago
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Strong decoupling between the Asian tropics and the North Atlantic region during Marine Isotope Stage 7
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-09-0030
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-10-1687-2018
Abstract: Abstract. Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide “out-of-s le” evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for in idual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (δ18O, δ13C) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data. The compiled data are available at 0.17864/1947.147.
Climate variability on the Adriatic seaboard during the last glacial inception and MIS 5c from Frasassi Cave stalagmite record
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Pliocene reversal of late Neogene aridification
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 08-02-2016
Abstract: The warm climates of the Pliocene epoch are considered our best analog for a future anthropogenic greenhouse world. However, understanding of the nature of Pliocene climate variability and change on land is currently limited by the poor age control of most existing terrestrial climate archives. We present a radiometrically dated history of the evolution of Southern Hemisphere vegetation and hydroclimate from the latest Miocene to the middle Pliocene. These data reveal a sharp increase in precipitation in the Early Pliocene, which drove complete vegetation turnover. The development of warm, wet early Pliocene climates clearly reversed a long-term Southern Hemisphere trend of late Neogene cooling and aridification, highlighting the question of what initiated this sustained, ∼1.5-My-long interval of warmth.
A near-field sea level record of East Antarctic Ice Sheet instability from 32 to 27 Myr
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 25-01-2013
DOI: 10.1029/2012PA002326
Gypsum caves as indicators of climate-driven river incision and aggradation in a rapidly uplifting region
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1130/G36595.1
Holocene Critical Zone dynamics in an Alpine catchment inferred from a speleothem multiproxy record: disentangling climate and human influences
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-11-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-53583-7
Abstract: Disentangling the effects of climate and human impact on the long-term evolution of the Earth Critical Zone is crucial to understand the array of its potential responses to the ongoing Global Change. This task requires natural archives from which local information about soil and vegetation can be linked directly to climate parameters. Here we present a high-resolution, well-dated, speleothem multiproxy record from the SW Italian Alps, spanning the last ~10,000 years of the present interglacial (Holocene). We correlate magnetic properties and the carbon stable isotope ratio to soil stability and pedogenesis, whereas the oxygen isotope composition is interpreted as primarily related to precipitation amount, modulated at different timescales by changes in precipitation source and seasonality. During the 9.7-2.8 ka period, when anthropic pressure over the catchment was scarce, intervals of enhanced soil erosion are related to climate-driven vegetation contractions and occurred during drier periods. Immediately following the onset of the Iron Age (ca. 2.8 ka), by contrast, periods of enhanced soil erosion coincided with a wetter climate. We propose that the observed changes in the soil response to climate forcing were related to early anthropogenic manipulations of Earth’s surface, which made the ECZ more sensitive to climate oscillations.
High-resolution U-Pb dating of an Early Pleistocene stalagmite from Corchia Cave (central Italy)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Crystallization pathways in stalagmites from the South Pacific: implications for fabrics and Sr uptake 
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 28-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-13200
Abstract: & & Fabrics, trace element partitioning and stable isotope ratio fractionation into speleothem calcite depend on crystallization processes. We documented that in warm and wet tropical climate settings, high supersaturation and pH may shift from layer growth to nanoparticle/nanocrystal attachment. This suggests that both classical and non-classical growth mechanisms may be operating. We have observed that both non-classical amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticle or even nanocrystal attachment and spiral (classical) growth occur in calcite farmed in the caves of Atiu (Cook Island Archipelago).& Depending on localized shifts in SI& sub& cc& /sub& and pH, & #8220 impurities& #8221 may be preferentially incorporated as non-monomer species (non-classical) or monomer (classical) species. This gives rise to & #8220 random& #8221 lateral distribution of some trace elements that would otherwise be expected to follow the classical & #8220 sector zoning& #8221 pattern.& The & #8220 random& #8221 distribution is typical of porous columnar fabric, whilst the sector zoning distribution in Sr characterizes compact columnar calcite. In the porous columnar calcite fabric, the occurrence of non-classical ACC particle attachment also influences the stable oxygen isotope composition of its fluid inclusions, which is more negative than expected from dripwater (Global Meteoric Water Line) values. In the compact columnar fabric, there is not enough fluid inclusion water for measurements.& & & & When applied to Sr incorporation, our findings suggest that its uptake into speleothem calcite is a function of SI& sub& cc& /sub& and pH (which influence non-classical pathways) rather than growth rate, as already hypothesized by Wasylenki et al. (2005). However, by having in mind only a classical crystallization mechanism, SI& sub& cc& /sub& becomes a measure of growth rate. Consequently, the argument of Wasylenki et al. (2005) would not explain why Wassenburg et al. (2021) did not find a relation between Sr uptake and stalagmite growth rate. If SI& sub& cc& /sub& is taken as a measure of the transition from monomer-by-monomer to ACC nanoparticle attachment, then Sr uptake becomes dependent on processes that govern the transformation from ACC to calcite at the site of attachment. The presence of growth inhibitors (inorganic and organic) that may be incorporated as non-monomer species and observed in Atiu& #8217 s speleothems, may explain why Sr uptake may either depend on growth rate or not, as well as its lateral heterogeneous variability. Ultimately, in porous columnar fabric, Sr uptake is dictated by both non-classical pathways and the presence of growth inhibitors incorporated as non-monomers.& & & & References:& & & & Wassenburg, J.A., Scholz, D., Jochum, K.P., Cheng, H., Oster, J., Immenhauser, A., Richter, D.K., Haeger, T., Jamieson, R.A., Baldini, J.U.L. and Hoffmann, D., 2016. Determination of aragonite trace element distribution coefficients from speleothem calcite& #8211 aragonite transitions. & em& Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta& /em& , & em& & /em& , pp.347-367.& & & & Wasylenki, L.E., Dove, P.M. and De Yoreo, J.J., 2005. Effects of temperature and transport conditions on calcite growth in the presence of Mg2+: Implications for paleothermometry. & em& Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta& /em& , & em& & /em& (17), pp.4227-4236.& & & & & & &
Investigating the hydrological significance of stalagmite geochemistry (Mg, Sr) using Sr isotope and particulate element records across the Late Glacial-to-Holocene transition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Geomorphology, Stratigraphy and C-Chronology of Ancient Tufas at Louie Creek, Northwest Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Consortium Erudit
Date: 23-11-1994
DOI: 10.7202/033009AR
Abstract: Louie Creek is a karst spring-fed stream situated in the seasonally humid tropics of northwest Queensland, Australia. It rises as a series of small exsurgences along the eastern edge of the Barkly Tableland. As it enters the lowlands of the Carpentaria plain, the creek deposits tufa which produces a series of cascades. This modern tufa extends discontinuously for about 1.5 km. A series of ancient tufas, in places lying adjacent to sites of modern deposition, extends discontinously for about 8 km downstream. At least two ancient tufa units are preserved at one location, Little lndarri site. The older unit comprises a sequence of well-preserved barrages with an orientation transverse to present-day stream flow. In places, erosion has reduced these barrages to their calcrete substrate. The older tufa is overlain in places by sediment which has become cemented to form a second calcrete unit. This sediment is in turn succeeded by the younger ancient tufa. Subsequent river incision has removed part of the sediment from the older unit and exposed several contact points between the ancient tufa and calcrete units. Radiocarbon dating of the Little lndarri site tufas, as well as other ancient Louie Creek units, yielded apparent ages ranging from ~ 30 to ~ 14 ka BP, suggesting that conditions were sufficiently wet during the period immediately preceding and throughout the Last Glacial Maximum for tufa depostion to occur. However, ancient tufa formation occurred during a phase of net river aggradation. There is geomorphic evidence that such aggradation was a result of an increased sediment supply to the fluvial system, most likely in response to conditions drier than present. Results from studies elsewhere in the region support such a Late Pleistocene trend. Incision of Louie Creek, which postdates the youngest of the dated ancient tufas, is most likely to have resulted from a shift to wetter conditions during the early Holocene,
Palaeoenvironmental change in tropical Australasia over the last 30,000 years - a synthesis by the OZ-INTIMATE group
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Late holocene fluvial change in a tufa-depositing stream: Davys Creek, New South Wales, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2003
Stable isotope composition of Late Pleistocene-Holocene Eobania vermiculata (Müller, 1774) (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) shells from the Central Mediterranean basin: Data from Grotta d'Oriente (Favignana, Sicily)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Supplementary material to The 8.2 ka event in northern Spain: timing, structure and climatic impact from a multi-proxy speleothem record
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 17-06-2022
U-Th and radiocarbon dating of calcite speleothems from gypsum caves (Emilia Romagna, North Italy)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Stalagmite evidence for the precise timing of North Atlantic cold events during the early last glacial
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1130/G23161A.1
Petrographical and geochemical changes in Bosnian stalagmites and their palaeo-environmental significance
Publisher: University of South Florida Libraries
Date: 2017
Erratum to Re-analysis of key evidence in the case for a hemispherically synchronous response to the younger dryas climatic event [Journal of Quaternary Science 28 8-12]
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-02-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2621
Robust chronological reconstruction for young speleothems using radiocarbon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DQPB: software for calculating disequilibrium U-Pb ages
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 30-09-2022
Abstract: Abstract. DQPB is software for calculating U-Pb ages while accounting for the effects of radioactive disequilibrium among intermediate nuclides of the U-series decay chains. The software is written in Python and distributed both as a pure Python package, and a stand-alone GUI application that integrates with standard Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The software implements disequilibrium U-Pb equations to compute ages using various approaches, including concordia-intercept ages on a Tera-Wasserburg diagram, disequilibrium U-Pb isochron ages, Pb/U ages based on single analyses, and modified 207Pb ages. These age calculation approaches are tailored toward young materials that cannot reasonably be assumed to have attained radioactive equilibrium at the time of analysis, although they may also be applied to older materials where disequilibrium is no longer analytically resolvable. The software allows users to implement a variety of regression algorithms using both classical and robust statistics approaches, compute weighted average ages, and construct customisable, publication-ready plots of U-Pb age data. Age uncertainties are propagated using Monte Carlo methods.
Increasing Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall linked to early Holocene sea-level rise
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2009
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO605
Precise microsampling of poorly laminated speleothems for U-series dating
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Stratigraphic evidence for a pluvial phase between ca 8200-7100 ka from Renella cave (Central Italy)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Broadening the Spatial Applicability of Paleoclimate Information—A Case Study for the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 26-03-2014
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00071.1
Abstract: Recent advances in the collection and analysis of paleoclimate data have provided significant insights into preinstrumental environmental events and processes, enabling a greater understanding of long-term environmental change and associated hydroclimatic risks. Unfortunately, it is often the case that there is a dearth of readily available paleoclimate data from regions where such insights and long-term data are most needed. The Murray–Darling basin (MDB), known as Australia’s “food bowl,” is an ex le of such a region where currently there are very limited in situ paleoclimate data available. While previous studies have utilized paleoclimate proxy records of large-scale climate mechanisms to infer preinstrumental MDB hydroclimatic variability, there is a lack of studies that utilize Australian terrestrial proxy records to garner similar information. Given the immediate need for improved understanding of MDB hydroclimatic variability, this paper identifies key locations in Australia where existing and as yet unrealized paleoclimate records will be most useful in reconstructing such information. To identify these key locations, rainfall relationships between MDB and non-MDB locations were explored through correlations and principal component analysis. An objective analysis using optimal interpolation was then used to pinpoint the most strategic locations to further develop proxy records and gain insights into the benefits of obtaining this additional information. The findings reveal that there is potential for the future assembly of high-resolution paleoclimate records in Australia capable of informing MDB rainfall variability, in particular southeast Australia and central-northern Australia. This study highlights the need for further investment in the development of these potential proxy sources to subsequently enable improved assessments of long-term hydroclimatic risks.
Pleistocene speleothem fracturing in the Western Carpathian orogenic foreland: A case study from transtensional setting at the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif
Publisher: Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute (PGI-NRI)
Date: 25-03-2015
DOI: 10.7306/GQ.1225
Vegetation and Climate Change in Southwestern Australia During the Last Glacial Maximum
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 13-02-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018GL080832
Abstract: The nature and duration of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Australia are poorly understood, with little regional agreement on the timing and direction of LGM climate changes. One reason for this is that Australian Late Pleistocene terrestrial sediments typically are both sparse and inorganic, inhibiting the development of detailed radiocarbon chronologies. To address this problem, we extracted fossil pollen from radiometrically dated stalagmites collected in southwest Western Australia. Our pollen record, supported by 30 U‐Th dates, reveals the vegetation response to Late Pleistocene climates between ~34 and 14 ka, through the body of the LGM. Before ~28 ka, sclerophyll forests were more open than today, but at ~28 ka forest cover was essentially eliminated, and treeless conditions were maintained until progressive reforestation at ~17.5 ka. This ~10‐ka‐long full glacial episode correlates with other mid‐high latitude Southern Hemisphere records, suggesting that LGM environmental changes were closely coordinated across the hemisphere.
Quantifying interglacial climate variability from a ca. 1 million-year speleothem record using a multi-proxy approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Palaeoenvironmental changes recorded by speleothems of the southern Alps (Piani Eterni, Belluno, Italy) during four interglacial to glacial climate transitions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Partitioning of Mg, Sr, Ba and U into a subaqueous calcite speleothem
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
A 10,000 yr record of high-resolution Paleosecular Variation from a flowstone of Rio Martino Cave, Northwestern Alps, Italy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DQPB: software for calculating disequilibrium U–Pb ages
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 20-04-2023
DOI: 10.5194/GCHRON-5-181-2023
Abstract: Abstract. Initial radioactive disequilibrium amongst intermediate nuclides of the U decay chains can have a significant impact on the accuracy of U–Pb ages, especially in young s les. For s les that can reasonably be assumed to have attained radioactive equilibrium at the time of analysis, a relatively straightforward correction may be applied. However, in younger materials where this assumption is unreasonable, it is necessary to replace the familiar U–Pb age equations with more complete expressions that account for growth and decay of intermediate nuclides through time. DQPB is software for calculating U–Pb ages while accounting for the effects of radioactive disequilibrium among intermediate nuclides of the U decay chains. The software is written in Python and distributed as both a pure Python package and a stand-alone graphical user interface (GUI) application that integrates with standard Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The software implements disequilibrium U–Pb equations to compute ages using various approaches, including concordia intercept ages on a Tera–Wasserburg diagram, U–Pb isochron ages, Pb*/U ages based on single aliquots, and 207Pb-corrected ages. While these age-calculation approaches are tailored toward young s les that cannot reasonably be assumed to have attained radioactive equilibrium at the time of analysis, they may also be applied to older materials where disequilibrium is no longer analytically resolvable. The software allows users to implement a variety of regression algorithms based on both classical and robust statistical approaches, compute weighted average ages and construct customisable, publication-ready plots of U–Pb age data. The regression and weighted average algorithms implemented in DQPB may also be applicable to other (i.e. non-U–Pb) geochronological datasets.
A continuous stable isotope record from the penultimate glacial maximum to the Last Interglacial (159-121ka) from Tana Che Urla Cave (Apuan Alps, central Italy)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.YQRES.2014.05.005
Abstract: Relatively few radiometrically dated records are available for the central Mediterranean spanning the marine oxygen isotope stage 6–5 (MIS 6–5) transition and the first part of the Last Interglacial. Two flowstone cores from Tana che Urla Cave (TCU, central Italy), constrained by 19 U/Th ages, preserve an interval of continuous speleothem deposition between ca. 159 and 121 ka. A multiproxy record (δ 18 O, δ 13 C, growth rate and petrographic changes) obtained from this flowstone preserves significant regional-scale hydrological changes through the glacial/interglacial transition and multi-centennial variability (interpreted as alternations between wetter and drier periods) within both glacial and interglacial stages. The glacial stage shows a wetter period between ca. 154 and 152 ka, while the early to middle Last Interglacial period shows several drying events at ca. 129, 126 and 122 ka, which can be placed in the wider context of climatic instability emerging from North Atlantic marine and NW European terrestrial records. The TCU record also provides important insights into the evolution of local environmental conditions (i.e. soil development) in response to regional and global-scale climate events.
Aged Migration to Coastal and Inland Centres in NSW
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1991
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-8470.1991.TB00720.X
Abstract: The household characteristics and migration behavior of elderly migrants in Australia are compared. The results indicate that "inland movers are significantly different [from] coastal movers in socioeconomic and demographic respects, such as age, mobility, the location of the nearest child and previous occupation."
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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Start Date: 2013
End Date: 12-2016
Amount: $890,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0882854
Start Date: 03-2008
End Date: 09-2013
Amount: $6,000,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0989861
Start Date: 2009
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $650,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE110100045
Start Date: 2011
End Date: 01-2012
Amount: $370,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE120100180
Start Date: 01-2012
End Date: 06-2014
Amount: $150,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP220102134
Start Date: 08-2022
End Date: 08-2025
Amount: $475,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0214978
Start Date: 07-2002
End Date: 01-2006
Amount: $67,635.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE100100141
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $420,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP110102185
Start Date: 03-2011
End Date: 02-2014
Amount: $620,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP130100501
Start Date: 06-2014
End Date: 09-2017
Amount: $480,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP160101249
Start Date: 05-2018
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $669,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0989067
Start Date: 2009
End Date: 06-2010
Amount: $950,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity