Publication
Mapping threatened Thai bovids provides opportunities for improved conservation outcomes in Asia
Publisher:
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date:
27-08-2023
DOI:
10.1101/2023.08.25.554763
Abstract: Wild bovids provide important ecosystem services throughout their native range. In Asia, most are threatened with extinction. Five wild bovids remain in Thailand: gaur ( Bos gaurus ), banteng ( Bos javanicus ), wild water buffalo ( Bubalus arnee ), mainland serow ( Capricornis sumatraensis ) and Chinese goral ( Naemorhedus griseus ). However, their populations and habitats have declined substantially and become fragmented. Here, we identified potentially suitable habitat for these five threatened bovids using ecological niche models, first throughout the species entire distribution and second within Thailand, and quantified how much suitable area remains within protected areas. We combined species occurrence data with 28 environmental variables for modelling and used a spatially-restricted Biotic-Abiotic-Mobility framework for two accessible areas: 1) species-specific accessible areas and 2) a single large accessible area. We applied spatially restricted and weighted average ensembles from eight algorithms when generating maps. For B. gaurus and B. javanicus, the best models predicted suitable habitat was mostly within Southeast Asia, with B. gaurus having predicted large areas in Thailand and India. B. arnee suitable habitat was mostly in India. C. sumatraensis suitable habitat was mostly in Thailand and Myanmar. N. griseus was mainly restricted to China. In Thailand, the highest bovid potential richnesses were in the Northern Forest, Western Forest, Eastern Forest and Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complexes. We identified unprotected hotspots with % of overall suitable habitat located outside protected areas. B. arnee had the smallest proportion of protected habitat (9%). Suitable areas identified in and out protected areas may guide habitat management and conflict mitigation strategies.