Helen McGregor

Interlaboratory study for coral Sr/Ca and other element/Ca ratio measurements

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 09-2013

DOI: 10.1002/GGGE.20230

Global climate changes during the most recent two millennia

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 23-03-2020

DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU2020-13378

Abstract: & & The past two thousand years is a key interval for climate science because this period encompasses both the era of human-induced global warming and a much longer interval when changes in Earth's climate were governed principally by natural drivers. This earlier 'pre-industrial' period is particularly important for two reasons. Firstly, we now have a growing number of well-dated, climate sensitive proxy data with high temporal resolution that spans the full period. Secondly, the pre-industrial climate provides context for present-day climate change, sets real-world targets against which to evaluate the performance of climate models, and allows us to address other questions of Earth sciences that cannot be answered using only a century and a half of observational data.& & & & & Here, we first provide several perspectives on the concept of a 'pre-industrial climate'. Then, we highlight the activities of the PAGES 2k Network, an international collaborative effort focused on global climate change during the past two thousand years. We highlight those aspects of pre-industrial conditions (including both past climate changes and past climate drivers) that are not yet well constrained, and suggest potential areas for research during this period that would be relevant to the evolution of Earth's future climate.& &

Environmental control of the oxygen isotope composition of Porites coral microatolls

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.GCA.2011.04.017

Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-08-2015

DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2510

Rapid 20th-Century Increase in Coastal Upwelling off Northwest Africa

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 02-02-2007

DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.1134839

Abstract: Near-shore waters along the northwest African margin are characterized by coastal upwelling and represent one of the world's major upwelling regions. Sea surface temperature (SST) records from Moroccan sediment cores, extending back 2500 years, reveal anomalous and unprecedented cooling during the 20th century, which is consistent with increased upwelling. Upwelling-driven SSTs also vary out of phase with millennial-scale changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHTAs) and show relatively warm conditions during the Little Ice Age and relatively cool conditions during the Medieval Warm Period. Together, these results suggest that coastal upwelling varies with NHTAs and that upwelling off northwest Africa may continue to intensify as global warming and atmospheric CO 2 levels increase.

Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-08-2016

DOI: 10.1038/NATURE19082

Abstract: The evolution of industrial-era warming across the continents and oceans provides a context for future climate change and is important for determining climate sensitivity and the processes that control regional warming. Here we use post-ad 1500 palaeoclimate records to show that sustained industrial-era warming of the tropical oceans first developed during the mid-nineteenth century and was nearly synchronous with Northern Hemisphere continental warming. The early onset of sustained, significant warming in palaeoclimate records and model simulations suggests that greenhouse forcing of industrial-era warming commenced as early as the mid-nineteenth century and included an enhanced equatorial ocean response mechanism. The development of Southern Hemisphere warming is delayed in reconstructions, but this apparent delay is not reproduced in climate simulations. Our findings imply that instrumental records are too short to comprehensively assess anthropogenic climate change and that, in some regions, about 180 years of industrial-era warming has already caused surface temperatures to emerge above pre-industrial values, even when taking natural variability into account.

Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Niño events in recent decades relative to past centuries

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-05-2019

DOI: 10.1038/S41561-019-0353-3

Mid-Holocene variability in the marine 14C reservoir age for northern coastal Papua New Guinea

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.QUAGEO.2007.11.002

Coral Record of Younger Dryas Chronozone Warmth on the Great Barrier Reef

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1029/2020PA003962

Western Pacific coral delta(18)O records of anomalous Holocene variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 06-2004

DOI: 10.1029/2004GL019972

Mid-Pacific microatolls record sea-level stability over the past 5000 yr

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Date: 10-2012

DOI: 10.1130/G33344.1

High‐resolution hyperspectral imaging of diagenesis and clays in fossil coral reef material: a nondestructive tool for improving environmental and climate reconstructions

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 08-2017

DOI: 10.1002/2017GC006949

Evaluation of PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations of mid-Holocene climate in the Indo-Pacific, Australasian and Southern Ocean regions

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 21-12-2016

DOI: 10.5194/CP-2016-136

Abstract: Abstract. Paleoclimate proxy reconstruction initiatives, such as the Australian component of the international paleoclimate synthesis effort: INTegration of Ice core, MArine and Terrestrial records (OZ-INTIMATE), are important as they provide evidence of past climatic conditions that are necessary to evaluate global General Circulation Models (GCMs). One of the key outputs from the OZ-INTIMATE project was the production of spatially-coherent, climatic reconstructions over the southern Maritime Continent, Australasia and the Southern Ocean. The OZ-INTIMATE results were presented as regional, "simplified patterns of temperature and effective precipitation" and those regions spanned a large enough area to contain several GCM grid boxes. Therefore, the "upscaling" of in idual reconstructions (through OZ-INTIMATE) to a scale that was resolved by GCMs, presented an ideal opportunity for a direct comparison. This study uses the same "simplified patterns of temperature and effective precipitation" approach from OZ-INTIMATE on data from an ensemble of GCMs. The GCM data are taken from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) mid-Holocene (6000 years before present, 6 ka) and pre-industrial control (c1750 C.E., 0 ka) experiments. The synthesis presented here shows that, on the whole, the models and proxies agree on the differences in climate state for 6 ka relative to 0 ka, when they are insolation driven. The main disagreement between the models and proxies occurs over the Tropical West Pacific warm pool and arises from an intensification of an existing error (the "cold tongue bias"). This study also presents a mechanism whereby the strength of the Southern Hemisphere, mid-latitude westerly wind strength reduces but rainfall increases over the southern temperate zone of Australia. Such a mechanism may be useful for resolving disparities between different regional proxy records, and model simulations. Finally, after assessing the available datasets (model and proxy), opportunities for better model-proxy integrated research are presented.

Response of the Great Barrier Reef to sea-level and environmental changes over the past 30,000 years

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-05-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41561-018-0127-3

Oscillations in the southern extent of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the mid-Holocene

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.QUASCIREV.2009.07.006

Ocean Planet: An ANZIC workshop report focused on future research challenges and opportunities for collaborative international scientific ocean drilling.

Publisher: Australian and New Zealand IODP Consortium, Australian National University

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.25911/5E1C39629AF61

Oxygen isotope fractionation in the CaCO3-DIC-H2O system

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.GCA.2017.06.022

Diagenesis and geochemistry of Porites corals from Papua New Guinea: Implications for paleoclimate reconstruction

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2003

DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01050-5

Internationalization of the curriculum through student-led climate change teaching activity

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-09-2014

DOI: 10.5408/13-033.1

Regional climate goes global

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41561-017-0046-8

Advancing community-led research into the climate of the Common Era

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 04-03-2021

DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-10979

Abstract: & & The past two thousand years is a key interval for climate science. This period encompasses both the era of human-induced global warming and a much longer interval when changes in Earth& #8217 s climate were governed principally by natural drivers and unforced variability. Since 2009, the Past Global Changes (PAGES) 2k Network has brought together hundreds of scientists from around the world to reconstruct and understand the climate of the Common Era using open and collaborative approaches to palaeoclimate science, including virtual meetings. The third phase of the network will end in December 2021. Here we highlight some key outputs of PAGES 2k and present the major themes and scientific questions emerging from recent surveys of the community. We explore how these might boost a new phase of PAGES 2k or a successor project(s). This year we will further reach out to the community through Town Hall consultations, vEGU and other meetings, and a PAGES 2k global webinar series. The aim of these activities is to foster development of post-2021 community-led PAGES initiatives that connect past and present climate.& &

A weak El Niño/Southern Oscillation with delayed seasonal growth around 4,300 years ago

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-09-2013

DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1936

Indonesian Throughflow. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 356

Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program

Date: 26-02-2017

DOI: 10.14379/IODP.PROC.356.2017

Intensification of the meridional temperature gradient in the Great Barrier Reef following the Last Glacial Maximum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-06-2014

DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS5102

Using communities of practice to enhance interdisciplinary teaching: lessons from four Australian institutions

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 24-10-2014

DOI: 10.1080/07294360.2013.832168

The enigma of rare Quaternary oolites in the Indian and Pacific Oceans: A result of global oceanographic physicochemical conditions or a sampling bias?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.QUASCIREV.2018.09.028

Copenhagen, Climate Science and the Emotional Geographies of Climate Change

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 06-2010

DOI: 10.1080/00049181003742286

Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-02-2010

DOI: 10.1002/DVDY.22257

Global climate goes regional, and vice versa: Reflecting on 14 years of the PAGES 2k Network

Publisher: Past Global Changes (PAGES)

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.22498/PAGES.29.1.16

Phase 4 of PAGES 2k: Hydroclimate of the Common Era

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 15-05-2023

DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-8871

Abstract: The climate of the past two thousand years (2k) provides context for current and future changes, and as such is vital for developing our understanding of the modern climate system. Building on previous phases of the PAGES 2k network, Phase 4 of the PAGES 2k Network paves the way for a new level of understanding of the global water cycle, including enhanced science-policy integration.& Previous PAGES 2k network phases emphasised temperature reconstructions, fundamentally improving our understanding of global climate changes over the Common Era. These reconstructions received widespread recognition and were featured in the Summary for Policymakers of the IPCC& #8217 s Sixth Assessment Report. Integration of this data with state-of-the-art Earth systems models, proxy system models and data assimilation yielded a more comprehensive understanding of the associated physical drivers and climate dynamics. & Phase 4 challenges our community to turn its focus towards hydroclimate. Our aim is to reconstruct hydroclimatic variability over the Common Era, from local to global spatial scales, at sub-annual to multi-centennial time scales, developing a process-level understanding of past hydroclimate events and variability. Our multi-faceted approach includes (1) developing new hydroclimate syntheses that are well-suited for data-model comparisons, (2) improving the interoperability and scope of existing data and model products, and (3) facilitating the translation of our science into evidence-based policy outcomes. In this presentation, we report on our activities and progress to date, particularly highlighting the early stages of our data synthesis efforts.

Quantifying K, U, and Th contents of marine sediments using shipboard natural gamma radiation spectra measured on DV JOIDES Resolution

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 03-2017

DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006715

Equatorial Pacific coral geochemical records show recent weakening of the Walker Circulation

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 11-2014

DOI: 10.1002/2014PA002683

Vegetation change, goats, and religion: a 2000-year history of land use in southern Morocco

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.QUASCIREV.2009.02.012

A Euclidean Invariants Based Study of Circular Surfaces With Fixed Radius

Publisher: ASMEDC

Date: 2007

DOI: 10.1115/DETC2007-34466

Abstract: In this paper a complete system of Euclidean invariants is presented to study circular surfaces with fixed radius. The study of circular surfaces is simplified to the study of two curves: the spherical indicatrix of the unit normals of circle planes and the spine curve. After the geometric meanings of these Euclidean invariants are explained, the distribution parameter of a circular surface is defined. If the value of the distribution parameter of a circular surface is 0, the circular surface is a sphere. Then the relationship between the moving frame {E1, E2, E3} and the Frenet frame {t, n, b} of the spine curve is investigated, and the expressions of the curvature and torsion of the spine curve are obtained based on these Euclidean invariants. The fundamental theorem of circular surfaces is first proved. Next the first and second fundamental forms of circular surfaces are computed. The last part of this paper is devoted to constraint circular surfaces. The sufficient and necessary condition for a general circular surface to be one that can be generated by a series-connected C’R, HR, RR, or PR mechanism is proved.

Reply to comment by Karnauskas et al. on “Equatorial Pacific coral geochemical records show recent weakening of the Walker circulation”

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 05-2015

DOI: 10.1002/2015PA002783

Mid-Holocene ENSO: Issues in quantitative model-proxy data comparisons

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 09-07-2008

DOI: 10.1029/2007PA001512

QT prolongation in a child with thyroid storm

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 12-04-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BCR-2013-202595

Images of diagenetic textures in Porites corals from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 10-2008

DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002093

Technical note: Open-paleo-data implementation pilot – the PAGES 2k special issue

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 03-05-2018

DOI: 10.5194/CP-14-593-2018

Abstract: Abstract. Data stewardship is an essential element of the publication process. Knowing how to enact data polices that are described only in general terms can be difficult, however. Ex les are needed to model the implementation of open-data polices in actual studies. Here we explain the procedure used to attain a high and consistent level of data stewardship across a special issue of the journal Climate of the Past. We discuss the challenges related to (1) determining which data are essential for public archival, (2) using data generated by others, and (3) understanding data citations. We anticipate that open-data sharing in paleo sciences will accelerate as the advantages become more evident and as practices that reduce data loss become the accepted convention.

Abstracts from the Spectra 2018 Symposium Part 1: Keynote and Materiality

Publisher: MIT Press - Journals

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1162/LEON_A_01968

Paleoclimate from corals

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_20

Emerging biological archives can reveal ecological and climatic change in Antarctica

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-09-2022

DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16356

Abstract: Anthropogenic climate change is causing observable changes in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean including increased air and ocean temperatures, glacial melt leading to sea‐level rise and a reduction in salinity, and changes to freshwater water availability on land. These changes impact local Antarctic ecosystems and the Earth's climate system. The Antarctic has experienced significant past environmental change, including cycles of glaciation over the Quaternary Period (the past ~2.6 million years). Understanding Antarctica's paleoecosystems, and the corresponding paleoenvironments and climates that have shaped them, provides insight into present day ecosystem change, and importantly, helps constrain model projections of future change. Biological archives such as extant moss beds and peat profiles, biological proxies in lake and marine sediments, vertebrate animal colonies, and extant terrestrial and benthic marine invertebrates, complement other Antarctic paleoclimate archives by recording the nature and rate of past ecological change, the paleoenvironmental drivers of that change, and constrain current ecosystem and climate models. These archives provide invaluable information about terrestrial ice‐free areas, a key location for Antarctic bio ersity, and the continental margin which is important for understanding ice sheet dynamics. Recent significant advances in analytical techniques (e.g., genomics, biogeochemical analyses) have led to new applications and greater power in elucidating the environmental records contained within biological archives. Paleoecological and paleoclimate discoveries derived from biological archives, and integration with existing data from other paleoclimate data sources, will significantly expand our understanding of past, present, and future ecological change, alongside climate change, in a unique, globally significant region.

Climate change and Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-10-2014

DOI: 10.1002/WCC.255

Abstract: Australia has had a variable and mostly arid climate as long as humans have been on the continent. Historically observed trends toward increased warming, with rainfall increases in many tropical areas and rainfall decreases in many temperate areas, are projected to continue. Impacts will be geographically variable but mostly negative for bio ersity, agriculture, and infrastructure. Extreme events such as bushfires and floods will increase in frequency and intensity, concentrated in summer. With an economy heavily dependent on coal for domestic electricity generation and as an export commodity, Australians are high per capita contributors to anthropogenic climate change. A quarter‐century of steps to mitigation led in 2012 to a carbon price that has the long‐term potential to shift the economy toward more renewable energy sources. However as in other parts of the world this change has come too late, and is proceeding too slowly, to avoid significant climate change. A heritage of indigenous adaptation, strong volunteer cultures, and contemporary cultural ersity provide Australia with considerable adaptive capacity for gradual changes, but the nation is underprepared for sudden or step changes. We identify four pressing research and policy needs focused on such changes: (1) systematic attention to processes and impacts of negative transformative change, or worst‐case scenarios, (2) improve forecasts of year‐to‐year rainfall and climate variability, focusing on processes and climate drivers that may change in response to higher greenhouse gases, (3) identification and engagement of erse cross‐cultural resources, and (4) articulation of alternative governance mechanisms that can interact dynamically with strong government. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:175–197. doi: 10.1002/wcc.255 This article is categorized under: Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives National Reviews

Oxygen control on Holocene cold-water coral development in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.DSR.2011.12.013

Remanence acquisition efficiency in biogenic and detrital magnetite and recording of geomagnetic paleointensity

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 04-2017

DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006753

Introduction to the Special Issue on Climate of the Past 2000 Years: Global and Regional Syntheses

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 17-10-2018

DOI: 10.5194/CP-2018-124

Abstract: Abstract. This PAGES (Past Global Changes) 2k (Climate of the past 2000 years Working Group) Special Issue of Climate of the Past brings together the latest understanding of regional change and impacts from PAGES 2k groups across a range of proxies and regions. The Special Issue has emerged from a need to determine the magnitude and rate of change of regional and global climate beyond the timescales accessible within the observational record. This knowledge also plays an important role in attribution studies and is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms and environmental and societal impacts of recent climate change. The scientific studies in the Special Issue reflect the urgent need to better understand regional differences from a truly global view around the PAGES themes of: Climate Variability, Modes and Mechanisms, Methods and Uncertainties and Proxy and Model Understanding.

Effects of environmental ageing on the static and cyclic bending properties of braided carbon fibre/PEEK bone plates

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2008.03.001

Announcing Phase 4 of PAGES 2k: Hydroclimate of the Common Era

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 28-03-2022

DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-6688

Abstract: & & & img src=& quot ileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.d17138223ed164871591461/sdaolpUECMynit/22UGE& app=m& a=0& c=811fe277410d9ff3699ef0224ece3bef& ct=x& n=gnp.elif& d=1& quot alt=& quot & quot width=& quot & quot height=& quot & quot & & & & & Understanding the climate of the past two millennia (2k) remains vital for developing our wider comprehension of the climate system, including the nature and scale of recent and future anthropogenic change. Phase 4 of the PAGES 2k network will build on previous phases and take us to a new level of understanding and science-policy integration.& & & & During previous phases, PAGES 2k members compiled global networks of proxy measurements, extending records beyond the instrumental period by more than an order of magnitude, reconstructing past climate and developing new knowledge of past variability and processes. Through data-model integration with state-of-the-art Earth systems models, proxy system modelling and data assimilation, we took key steps towards a more comprehensive understanding of climate dynamics.& & & & Phase 4 will take us even further, challenging our community to turn its focus primarily towards the hydroclimate of the Common Era: performing new reconstructions and improving the interoperability, extent and scope of our data and model products. In doing so, we also seek to facilitate the translation of our science into evidence-based policy outcomes. Our overarching aim is to reconstruct hydroclimate variability over the Common Era from local to global spatial scales, at sub-annual to multi-centennial time scales. We propose to achieve this through new community-led data curation efforts and the development of new data-driven tools and practices to maximise the interoperability of convenient, efficient and widespread model/data products. We will aim for a process-level understanding of past hydroclimate events and variability by evaluating and constraining Earth system models and through data assimilation.& & & & Our coordination team places a strong emphasis on respect and inclusion, aiming to foster a erse and equitable community. Through a & #8216 hub and spoke& #8217 structure, our team will provide a facilitation, coordination and support role (the hub) for Pages 2k working groups (the spokes). We are actively seeking participation of those engaging in climate policy and climate services. Welcome to Phase 4!& We warmly invite your collaborations and contributions!& & &

Paleoclimate Data–Model Comparison and the Role of Climate Forcings over the Past 1500 Years*

Publisher: American Meteorological Society

Date: 09-09-2013

DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00108.1

Abstract: The past 1500 years provide a valuable opportunity to study the response of the climate system to external forcings. However, the integration of paleoclimate proxies with climate modeling is critical to improving the understanding of climate dynamics. In this paper, a climate system model and proxy records are therefore used to study the role of natural and anthropogenic forcings in driving the global climate. The inverse and forward approaches to paleoclimate data–model comparison are applied, and sources of uncertainty are identified and discussed. In the first of two case studies, the climate model simulations are compared with multiproxy temperature reconstructions. Robust solar and volcanic signals are detected in Southern Hemisphere temperatures, with a possible volcanic signal detected in the Northern Hemisphere. The anthropogenic signal dominates during the industrial period. It is also found that seasonal and geographical biases may cause multiproxy reconstructions to overestimate the magnitude of the long-term preindustrial cooling trend. In the second case study, the model simulations are compared with a coral δ18O record from the central Pacific Ocean. It is found that greenhouse gases, solar irradiance, and volcanic eruptions all influence the mean state of the central Pacific, but there is no evidence that natural or anthropogenic forcings have any systematic impact on El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The proxy climate relationship is found to change over time, challenging the assumption of stationarity that underlies the interpretation of paleoclimate proxies. These case studies demonstrate the value of paleoclimate data–model comparison but also highlight the limitations of current techniques and demonstrate the need to develop alternative approaches.

Palaeoenvironmental change in tropical Australasia over the last 30,000 years - a synthesis by the OZ-INTIMATE group

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.QUASCIREV.2012.11.027

Ostracod calcite records the 18O/16O ratio of the bicarbonate and carbonate ions in water

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.GCA.2017.06.044

Quantifying errors in coral-based ENSO estimates: Toward improved forward modeling ofδ¹⁸O

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 16-10-2013

DOI: 10.1002/PALO.20059

A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-07-2017

DOI: 10.1038/SDATA.2017.88

Abstract: Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850–2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high- and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.

Rapid U-series dating of young fossil corals by laser ablation MC-ICPMS

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.QUAGEO.2010.10.002

Links between tropical Pacific seasonal, interannual and orbital variability during the Holocene

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-12-2016

DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2608

Introduction to the special issue “Climate of the past 2000 years: regional and trans-regional syntheses”

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 29-03-2019

DOI: 10.5194/CP-15-611-2019

Abstract: Abstract. This PAGES (Past Global Changes) 2k (climate of the past 2000 years working group) special issue of Climate of the Past brings together the latest understanding of regional change and impacts from PAGES 2k groups across a range of proxies and regions. The special issue has emerged from a need to determine the magnitude and rate of change of regional and global climate beyond the timescales accessible within the observational record. This knowledge also plays an important role in attribution studies and is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms and environmental and societal impacts of recent climate change. The scientific studies in the special issue reflect the urgent need to better understand regional differences from a truly global view around the PAGES themes of “Climate Variability, Modes and Mechanisms”, “Methods and Uncertainties”, and “Proxy and Model Understanding”.

Dating Quaternary raised coral terraces along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.MARGEO.2016.02.002

Correction: Corrigendum: Intensification of the meridional temperature gradient in the Great Barrier Reef following the Last Glacial Maximum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-06-2016

DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS12006

PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 10-2019

DOI: 10.1029/2019PA003632

Distributed leadership: Building capacity for interdisciplinary climate change teaching at four universities

Publisher: Emerald

Date: 20-12-2014

DOI: 10.1108/IJSHE-10-2012-0091

Abstract: – Interdisciplinary approaches to climate change teaching are well justified and arise from the complexity of climate change challenges and the integrated problem-solving responses they demand. These approaches require academic teachers to collaborate across disciplines. Yet, the fragmentation typical of universities impedes collaborative teaching practice. This paper aims to report on the outcomes of a distributed leadership project in four Australian universities aimed at enhancing interdisciplinary climate change teaching. – Communities of teaching practice were established at four Australian universities with participants drawn from a wide range of disciplines. The establishment and operation of these communities relied on a distributed leadership methodology which facilitates acts of initiative, innovation, vision and courage through group interaction rather than through designated hierarchical roles. – Each community of practice found the distributed leadership approach overcame barriers to interdisciplinary climate change teaching. Cultivating distributed leadership enabled community members to engage in peer-led professional learning, collaborative curriculum and pedagogical development, and to facilitate wider institutional change. The detailed outcomes achieved by each community were tailored to their specific institutional context. They included the transformation of climate change curriculum, professional development in interdisciplinary pedagogy, innovation in student-led learning activities, and participation in institutional decision-making related to curriculum reform. – Collaborative, non-traditional leadership practices have attracted little attention in research about sustainability education in university curricula. This paper demonstrates that the distributed leadership model for sustainability education reported here is effective in building capacity for interdisciplinary climate change teaching within disciplines. The model is flexible enough for a variety of institutional settings.

Phase 4 of the PAGES 2k Network: Hydroclimate of the Common Era

Publisher: Past Global Changes (PAGES)

Date: 04-2022

DOI: 10.22498/PAGES.30.1.52

Systematic ENSO-driven nutrient variability recorded by central equatorial Pacific corals

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 08-08-2013

DOI: 10.1002/GRL.50765

Evaluation of PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations of mid-Holocene climate in the Indo-Pacific, Australasian and Southern Ocean regions

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 24-11-2017

DOI: 10.5194/CP-13-1661-2017

Abstract: Abstract. This study uses the simplified patterns of temperature and effective precipitation approach from the Australian component of the international palaeoclimate synthesis effort (INTegration of Ice core, MArine and TErrestrial records – OZ-INTIMATE) to compare atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations and proxy reconstructions. The approach is used in order to identify important properties (e.g. circulation and precipitation) of past climatic states from the models and proxies, which is a primary objective of the Southern Hemisphere Assessment of PalaeoEnvironment (SHAPE) initiative. The AOGCM data are taken from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) mid-Holocene (ca. 6000 years before present, 6 ka) and pre-industrial control (ca. 1750 CE, 0 ka) experiments. The synthesis presented here shows that the models and proxies agree on the differences in climate state for 6 ka relative to 0 ka, when they are insolation driven. The largest uncertainty between the models and the proxies occurs over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP). The analysis shows that the lower temperatures in the Pacific at around 6 ka in the models may be the result of an enhancement of an existing systematic error. It is therefore difficult to decipher which one of the proxies and/or the models is correct. This study also shows that a reduction in the Equator-to-pole temperature difference in the Southern Hemisphere causes the mid-latitude westerly wind strength to reduce in the models however, the simulated rainfall actually increases over the southern temperate zone of Australia as a result of higher convective precipitation. Such a mechanism (increased convection) may be useful for resolving disparities between different regional proxy records and model simulations. Finally, after assessing the available datasets (model and proxy), opportunities for better model–proxy integrated research are discussed.

Indonesian Throughflow drove Australian climate from humid Pliocene to arid Pleistocene

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Date: 07-07-2017

DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072977

Australian National University

Location: Australia

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University Of Wollongong

Location: Australia

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