ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5423-3446
Current Organisations
Universitas Indonesia
,
Tropical Renewable Energy Center
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-05-2022
DOI: 10.1177/23998083221098740
Abstract: Already climate-related hazards are impacting sanitation systems in Indonesia and elsewhere, and climate models indicate these hazards are likely to increase in frequency and intensity. Without due attention, to maintain existing progress on Sustainable Development Goal 6’s target 6.2 and to increase it to meet ambitions for 2030 will be difficult. City governments need new forms of evidence to respond, as well as approaches to enable them to consider sufficient breadth of strategies to adapt effectively. This paper describes a co-production research process which engaged local governments in four cities in Indonesia experiencing different climate hazards. Local government engagement took place across three stages of (i) inception and design, (ii) participation as key informants and (iii) joint analysis and engagement on the findings. We adapted and simplified a risk prioritisation process based on current literature and employed a novel framework of a ‘climate resilient sanitation system’ to prompt articulation of current and proposed climate change adaptation response actions. In contrast to many current framings of climate resilience in sanitation that focus narrowly on technical responses, the results paint a rich picture of efforts needed by city governments across all domains, including planning, institutions, financing, infrastructure and management options, user awareness, water cycle management and monitoring and evaluation. Local government commitment and improved comprehension on the implications of climate change for sanitation service delivery were key outcomes arising from the co-production process. With strengthened policy and capacity building initiatives from national level, this foundation can be supported, and Indonesian city governments will be equipped to move forward with adaptation actions that protect on-going access to sanitation services, public health and the environment.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 13-09-2023
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2021WR031843
Abstract: In urban Indonesia, more than 40 million people rely on groundwater self‐supply, but the extent to which self‐supply delivers safe water and the associated risk factors for fecal contamination remain unclear. This study quantified Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) for 511 self‐supply sources and at point‐of‐use for 173 households in the Indonesian cities of Bekasi and Metro. A structured questionnaire collected information about the household, water sources, and potential contamination sources. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis examined risk factors for fecal contamination. E . coli was detected in 66% of sources, including 55% of boreholes, 64% of protected dug wells, and 82% of unprotected dug wells. Widespread boiling of water meant microbial quality improved significantly between source and point‐of‐use, with E . coli detected in 30% of self‐supply s les at point‐of‐use. Unprotected dug wells were significantly more likely to be contaminated than boreholes. In Bekasi, the analysis found a significant association between presence of E . coli and sanitation systems located within 10 m of the groundwater source. In Metro, poorer households had significantly higher odds of contamination than wealthier households. Other significant factors included shallower borehole depths in Bekasi, use of a rope and bucket, and absence of a concrete platform in Metro. In Bekasi, E . coli concentration at source was significantly associated with water quality at point‐of‐use. Risk of fecal contamination could be reduced by supporting households to invest in improved protection, and by facilitating promotion for safe household water treatment. Support for self‐supply improvements should be weighed against the expansion and improvement of piped water services.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.05.189
Abstract: Wastewater treatment infrastructure is lacking in many developing countries, often resulting in high loads of contaminants discharged to urban rivers. In these countries, targeted pollution mitigation requires an understanding of where, how and when contaminants enter water bodies. Here we report on contamination of the Ciliwung River, a dynamic, tropical system flowing through the Jakarta metropolitan area (Indonesia). We measured a set of isotopic, chemical and microbial tracers in representative water and contamination sources, as well as longitudinally within the river, to assess the spatial and temporal variations in contaminant levels in and pathways to the river. In the dry season, we observed a tight coupling between locally recharged groundwater sources and the river, whereas in the wet season, one single water source originating from the fractured headwaters predominantly contributed to river flow. Yet, the flushing of upstream waters in the wet season did not always lead to the dilution of contaminants downstream. We delineated several contamination hotspots along the river, particularly active during the wet season due to higher hydrological connectivity between sources and the river. These hotspots may originate from septic tank leakage, as supported by metal ratios and dominant microbial communities, although we could not rule out other potential sources such as urban runoff or sediment resuspension. Bayesian source tracking on the whole microbial community proved useful in outlining processes that conventional tracers did not capture, such as the occurrence of a localised domestic contamination in the upper catchment, and the inflow of agricultural runoff all along the river profile during the wet season. Our study emphasises the role of rivers as biogeochemical reactors that constantly process and transform contaminants and microbial communities. We also demonstrate the value of using isotopic, chemical and microbial tools together to trace the movement of water and contaminants through urban rivers.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/776/1/012004
Abstract: On-site sanitation (OSS) is widely known as the preferred system in Indonesia, providing low-cost wastewater treatment. The majority of households use pour-flush latrines coupled with containment in the form of cubluks or septic tanks, but compliance with relevant technical and maintenance standards is low. Poorly designed and unmanaged containment may not treat fecal waste effectively, potentially contaminating the groundwater and the soil and threatening human health. This study aimed to determine the condition and effluent quality of household fecal containment in Bekasi City. A social and technical survey was conducted through questionnaires and observations of 260 households in three poor urban villages of Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga, to obtain data on containment design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Effluent s les were collected from eight households, and laboratory tests were conducted to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, and E. coli levels. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the sanitation facilities in the three villages were categorized as safely managed (0.8%) basic (66%) limited (2.3%) unimproved (29%) and open defecation (1.5%) based on JMP sanitation ladder. On average, the effluent s les exceeded relevant quality standards, except regarding BOD (10.9 ± 4.14 mg/L) and pH (7 ± 0.3). The results of this study can be used as a baseline to improve the conditions of sanitation facilities in poor areas.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 18-10-2022
Abstract: Limited piped water services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are likely to increase the use of multiple water sources, impacting access to safely managed water. The aim of this study was to analyze monthly variations of households' water source preferences in three subdistricts in Bekasi, adjacent to the capital city of Indonesia, through a monthly telephone survey of 87 households during 12 months. Households with 1, 2, and 3–4 drinking water sources formed 70, 27, and 3% of the 755 total responses, respectively. Of the 53 households that completed at least 11 of the 12 monthly surveys, around 32% of households resorted to other water sources as a complement for drinking water and other domestic purposes. Households switched from borehole water to bottled water for their primary drinking water in the wet season but still used borehole water as their complementary source. Unimproved source use as primary drinking water also increased during the wet season from 6 to 8%. Monitoring and risk assessment of water sources need to consider the use of multiple water sources while balancing out the limited resources to protect the population, especially the vulnerable, from unacceptable health risks.
No related grants have been discovered for Cindy Rianti Priadi.