ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0302-6129
Current Organisations
University of Queensland
,
Edith Cowan University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Public Health and Health Services | Preventive Medicine | Mental Health | Health Promotion | Geology | Composite Materials | Health Promotion | Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified | Structural Geology | Condensed Matter Physics—Structural Properties |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Cement and concrete materials | Behaviour and Health | Health Related to Ageing | Mental health | Health related to ageing | Mental Health | Health education and promotion | Integrated circuits and devices | Machined products
Related Links
Publications
Communicating with older people about physical activity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Abstract: Little is known about how to effectively encourage higher levels of activity among older people. This study tested the effectiveness of a public service advertisement designed according to recommendations for communicating with older audiences and featuring five types of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: tennis, line dancing, cycling, swimming and jogging. A survey administered to 1,200 Australians aged 50+ years assessed effects of the public service advertisement on: motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) perceived believability, relevance, and effectiveness and feelings elicited (e.g. interest, hope, guilt). Open-ended questions enabled respondents to describe aspects of the ad they considered to be most and least effective. Moderate to high scores were obtained on the motivation measures and the ad evaluation criteria of perceived effectiveness, likeability, believability and personal relevance. Mean scores for the feelings measures were generally low, with the exception of the positive feelings of being interested, inspired, hopeful and determined. The results suggest physical activity promotion ads can be motivating across age and socioeconomic subgroups of older people. Implications for public health: Ads aiming to encourage older people to be more physically active may be accepted and effective if they depict everyday older people enjoying a range of relevant activities.
Pre-season body composition has minimal influence on in-season match availability, and match performance in female Australian Football League (AFLW) players
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-10-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FSPOR.2022.963946
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between pre-season body composition, in-season match performance, and match availability in female players competing in the Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) competition. With the outlawing of body composition assessments as part of pre-draft player evaluations in the AFLW, this study seeks to examine whether this is justified. Twenty-two ( n = 22) players had body composition assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the beginning of the 2021 AFLW pre-season (whole-body and regional fat mass and lean soft-tissue mass [LSTM]). In-season match availability and match performance data (Coaches Score [CS], Ch ion Data Player Rank, average disposals, disposal and kicking efficiency) were collected throughout the 2021 competition. Pearson correlations were performed to assess if associations existed between body composition and in-season match performance and availability. A median split was performed to ide players into higher and lower performing groups for match performance variables. Two-s le independent t -tests were then used to assess differences between groups. No body composition characteristics could differentiate between in-season match availability groups (100% availability vs. & % availability) or higher and lower performing groups for all match performance variables. Total leg LSTM asymmetry shared a moderate negative association with CS. Body composition may not be important for determining in-season match availability and performance in female AFLW players. Thus, the repercussions following the removal of pre-draft body composition assessments across the league may not be as significant as is currently perceived. Other physiological, biomechanical, or performance qualities are more variable and may mask the effect of body composition in these players. AFLW practitioners should prioritize the development of other important attributes, such as aerobic fitness, muscular strength and power, and technical skill.
Body weight, fat mass and metabolic complications during androgen deprivation therapy: should urologists recommend exercise and diet to help patients overcome toxicities?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-04-2021
Publisher Correction: Exercise-induced myokines and their effect on prostate cancer (Nature Reviews Urology, (2021), 10.1038/s41585-021-00476-y)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2021
Twelve-Month Training-Induced Changes in Elite International Volleyball Players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2009
Voluntary exercise in mesothelioma: effects on tumour growth and treatment response in a murine model.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13104-020-05284-Y
Abstract: There is substantial evidence that exercise can safely reduce the risk of cancer and improve survival in different human cancer populations. Long latency periods associated with carcinogen–induced cancers like asbestos induced mesothelioma provide an opportunity to implement exercise as an intervention to delay or prevent disease development. However, there are limited studies investigating the ability of exercise to prevent or delay cancer, and exercise as a preventive strategy has never been assessed in models with a known carcinogen. We investigated the potential of voluntary exercise (VE) to delay development of asbestos related disease (ARD) in our well-characterised, asbestos induced MexTAg model of mesothelioma. Asbestos exposed MexTAg mice were given continuous or delayed access to VE and ARD assessed over time. We found that the addition of VE did not affect ARD development in asbestos exposed MexTAg mice. However, non–asbestos exposed, aged matched control mice participated in significantly more VE behaviours, suggesting subclinical development of ARD after asbestos exposure had a greater impact on VE participation than age alone. These data highlight the importance of model choice and the potential limitation that some pre–clinical studies may not accurately represent the clinical paradigm, particularly in the context of prevention studies.
Using exercise and nutrition to alter fat and lean mass in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A narrative review
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13051664
Abstract: Fat mass (FM) gain and lean mass (LM) loss are common side effects for patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Excess FM has been associated with an increased risk of developing obesity-related comorbidities, exacerbating prostate cancer progression, and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. LM is the predominant contributor to resting metabolic rate, with any loss impacting long-term weight management as well as physical function. Therefore, reducing FM and preserving LM may improve patient-reported outcomes, risk of disease progression, and ameliorate comorbidity development. In ADT-treated patients, exercise and nutrition programs can lead to improvements in quality of life and physical function however, effects on body composition have been variable. The aim of this review was to provide a descriptive overview and critical appraisal of exercise and nutrition-based interventions in prostate cancer patients on ADT and their effect on FM and LM. Our findings are that FM gain and LM loss are side effects of ADT that could be reduced, prevented, or even reversed with the implementation of a combined exercise and nutrition program. However, the most effective combination of specific exercise and nutrition prescriptions are yet to be determined, and thus should be a focus for future studies.
Global positioning system activity profile in male para footballers with cerebral palsy
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-11-2021
Resistance training in breast cancer patients undergoing primary treatment: a systematic review and meta-regression of exercise dosage
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2021
Characteristics of titin in strength and power athletes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2003
Resistance Exercise Dosage in Men with Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-09-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002503
Abstract: Resistance exercise improves an array of treatment-related adverse effects in men with prostate cancer however, the minimal dosage required is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (type, duration, volume, and intensity) on body composition, physical function, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen. Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or after treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more than three studies were included. Associations between mean differences and exercise components were tested by univariate and multivariate meta-regression analysis. Twenty-three articles describing 21 trials and involving 1748 prostate cancer patients were included. Exercise improved fat mass (−1% in body fat and −0.6 kg in fat mass), lean mass (~0.5 kg in lean and appendicular lean mass), functional capacity (i.e., chair rise, 400-m test, 6-m fast walk, and stair climb tests), and fitness outcomes (i.e., V̇O 2peak and muscle strength) ( P = 0.040– .001) with no change in body mass index or prostate-specific antigen ( P = 0.440–0.735). Meta-regression indicated no association between exercise type, resistance training duration, weekly volume and intensity, and primary outcomes ( P = 0.075–0.965). There was a significant association between exercise intensity and chest press muscle strength (favoring moderate intensity, P = 0.012), but not in other secondary outcomes. In untrained older men with prostate cancer initiating an exercise program, lower volume at moderate to high intensity is as effective as higher volume resistance training for enhancing body composition, functional capacity, and muscle strength in the short term. A low exercise dosage may help reduce barriers to exercise and enhance adherence.
Weight Loss for Obese Prostate Cancer Patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-10-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002509
Abstract: Excess fat mass (FM) contributes to poor prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis and comorbidity. However, FM gain is a common side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We examined the efficacy of a 12-wk weight loss intervention to reduce FM and maintain lean mass (LM) in ADT-treated obese PCa patients. Fourteen ADT-treated obese PCa patients (72 ± 9 yr, 39.7% ± 5.4% body fat) were recruited for a self-controlled prospective study, with 11 completing the 6-wk control period, followed by a 12-wk intervention comprising 300 min·wk −1 of exercise including supervised resistance training and home-based aerobic exercise, and dietitian consultations advising a daily energy deficit (2100–4200 kJ) and protein supplementation. Body composition was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength (one-repetition maximum), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), and blood biomarkers. There were no significant changes during the control period. Patients attended 89% of supervised exercise sessions and 100% of dietitian consultations. No changes in physical activity or energy intake were observed. During the intervention, patients experienced significant reductions in weight (−2.8 ± 3.2 kg, P = 0.016), FM (−2.8 ± 2.6 kg, P 0.001), and trunk FM (−1.8 ± 1.4 kg, P 0.001), with LM preserved (−0.05 ± 1.6 kg, P = 0.805). Muscle strength (4.6%–24.7%, P 0.010) and maximal oxygen consumption (3.5 ± 4.7 mL·min −1 ·kg −1 , P = 0.041) significantly improved. Leptin significantly decreased (−2.2 (−2.7 to 0.5) ng·mL −1 , P = 0.016) with no other changes in blood biomarkers such as testosterone and lipids ( P = 0.051–0.765) however, C-reactive protein ( r s = −0.670, P = 0.024) and triglycerides ( r = −0.667, P = 0.025) were associated with in idual changes in LM. This study shows preliminary efficacy for an exercise and nutrition weight loss intervention to reduce FM, maintain LM, and improve muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in ADT-treated obese PCa patients. The change in body composition may affect blood biomarkers associated with obesity and PCa progression however, further research is required.
Comparison of the Potentiating Effect of Variable Load Jump Squats on Acute Drop Jump Performance in Rugby Sevens Athletes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 20-01-2022
Timing of exercise for muscle strength and physical function in men initiating ADT for prostate cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-019-0200-Z
Abstract: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) results in adverse effects, including reduced muscle strength and physical function, potentially compromising daily functioning. We examined whether it was more efficacious to commence exercise at the onset of ADT rather than later in treatment to counter declines in strength and physical function. One-hundred-and-four men with PCa (68.3 ± 7.0 years) initiating ADT were randomised to immediate exercise (IMX, n = 54) or delayed exercise (DEL, n = 50) for 12 months. IMX comprised 6 months of supervised resistance/aerobic/impact exercise initiated at the onset of ADT with a 6-month follow-up. DEL comprised 6 months of usual care followed by 6 months of resistance/aerobic/impact exercise. Upper and lower body muscle strength and physical function were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. There was a significant difference for all strength measures at 6 months favouring IMX ( P 0.001), with net differences in leg press, seated row and chest press strength of 19.9 kg (95% CI, 12.3–27.5 kg), 5.6 kg (3.8–7.4 kg) and 4.3 kg (2.7–5.8 kg), respectively. From 7 to 12 months, DEL increased in all strength measures ( P 0.001), with no differences between groups at 12 months. Similarly, physical function improved ( P 0.001) in IMX compared with DEL at 6 months for the 6-m fast walk (−0.2, 95% CI −0.3 to −0.1 s), 400-m walk (−9.7, −14.8 to −4.6 s), stair climb (−0.4, −0.6 to −0.2 s) and chair rise (−1.0, −1.4 to −0.7 s), with no differences between groups by 12 months, except for the 6-m fast walk ( P 0.001). Exercise either at the onset or after 6 months of ADT preserves/enhances muscle strength and physical function. However, to avoid initial treatment-related adverse effects on strength and function, exercise therapy should be implemented with initiation of ADT.
Declaración de consenso de la organización ejercicio y ciencias del deporte – Australia: el ejercicio como medicina en el manejo del cáncer
Publisher: Universidad de Costa Rica
Date: 25-10-2023
An integrated multicomponent care model for men affected by prostate cancer
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5729
Abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of implementing an integrated multicomponent survivorship care model for men affected by prostate cancer. Using a single arm prospective cohort study design, men with prostate cancer were recruited from two regional public hospitals in Australia for a 6‐months program that provided information and decision support, exercise and nutrition management, specialised clinical support, and practical support through localised and central care coordination. Carers of the men were also invited to the program. Data were collected from multiple sources to evaluate: (1) recruitment capability and participant characteristics (2) appropriateness and feasibility of delivering the specific intervention components using an electronic care management tool and (3) suitability of data collection procedures and proposed outcome measures. Of the 105 eligible men, 51 (consent rate 49%) participated in the program. Of the 31 carers nominated by the men, 13 consented (consent rate 42%). All carers and 50 (98%) men completed the program. Most (92%) men were newly diagnosed with localised prostate cancer. All men attended initial screening and assessment for supportive care needs a total of 838 episodes of contact/consultation were made by the intervention team either in person (9%) or remotely (91%). The intervention was implemented as proposed with no adverse events. The proposed outcome measures and evaluation procedures were found to be appropriate. Our results support the feasibility of implementing this integrated multicomponent care model for men affected by prostate cancer.
Effects of Exercise During Radiation Therapy on Physical Function and Treatment-Related Side Effects in Men With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJROBP.2021.06.034
Abstract: Radiation therapy is a commonly used treatment for prostate cancer however, the side effects may negatively affect quality of life and cause patients to be less physically active. Although exercise has been shown to mitigate radiation therapy-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer during radiation therapy, other adverse effects of treatment such as physical deconditioning, urinary symptoms, or sexual dysfunction have not been systematically reviewed in this patient population. Thus, the purpose of this review was to investigate the effect of exercise on physical function and treatment-related side effects in men with prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases in December 2020. Included studies were randomized controlled trials examining the effects of aerobic and/or resistance exercise interventions on measures of physical function and treatment-related side effects in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Meta-analysis was performed on outcomes that were reported in 2 or more studies. Seven publications from 6 randomized controlled trials involving 391 prostate cancer patients were included. Patients had stage I to IV cancer with a Gleason score of ≤6 to 10. Exercise resulted in consistent significant benefits for physical function in terms of cardiovascular fitness (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.83 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-1.36 P < .01) and muscle function (SMD, 1.30 95% CI, 0.53-2.07 P < .01). Furthermore, there was a significant positive effect of exercise on urinary toxicity (SMD, -0.71 95% CI, -1.25 to -0.18 P < .01), but not on intestinal (P = .21) or hormonal toxicity (P = .41), depression (P = .45), or sleep symptoms (P = .88). Based on the current evidence, exercise in men with prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy improves physical function and mitigates urinary toxicity. The effect of exercise on other treatment-related side effects are less clear and require further investigation.
Effect of exercise intensity on bone density, strength, and calcium turnover in older women
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2000
Low-volume circuit versus high-volume periodized resistance training in women
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2001
The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2019.05.003
Abstract: Since Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) first published its position statement on exercise guidelines for people with cancer, there has been exponential growth in research evaluating the role of exercise pre-, during and post-cancer treatment. The purpose of this report is to use the current scientific evidence, alongside clinical experience and exercise science principles to update ESSA's position statement on cancer-specific exercise prescription. Reported in this position statement is a summary of the benefits accrued through exercise following a cancer diagnosis and the strengths and limitations of this evidence-base. An exercise prescription framework is then proposed to enable the application of cancer-specific considerations for in idualisation, specificity, safety, feasibility and progression of exercise for all patients. Additional specific exercise prescription considerations are provided for the presence of haematological, musculoskeletal, systemic, cardiovascular, lymphatic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and neurological disease- and treatment-related concerns, as well as presence of co-morbid chronic disease. Further, we also identify and discuss cancer-specific pragmatic issues and barriers requiring consideration for exercise prescription. While for the majority, multimodal, moderate to high intensity exercise will be appropriate, there is no set prescription and total weekly dosage that would be considered evidence-based for all cancer patients. Targeted exercise prescription, which includes the provision of behaviour change advice and support, is needed to ensure greatest benefit (as defined by the patient) in the short and longer term, with low risk of harm.
Salivary Cortisol, Testosterone, and T/C Ratio Responses during a 36-hole Golf Competition
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 06-2007
Acute hormonal responses to heavy resistance exercise in younger and older men
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1998
Successful feed-forward strategies following ACL injury and reconstruction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JELEKIN.2008.06.001
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the most successful feed-forward strategies responsible for enhancing dynamic restraint following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Ten male ACL deficient (ACLD) subjects (18-35 years) together with 27 matched males who had undergone ACLR (14 using a patella tendon graft and 13 using a combined semitendinosus and gracilis graft) and 22 matched-control subjects were recruited. After their knee functionality (0- to 100-point scale) was rated using the Cincinnati Knee Rating System, each subject performed a maximal, countermovement hop for distance on their involved limb while EMG data were collected from the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Acceleration transients at the proximal tibia were recorded using a uniaxial accelerometer mounted at the level of the tibial tuberosity. Whilst pre-programmed muscle activation strategies and tibial acceleration transients when landing from a single-leg long hop for distance were not contingent upon ACL status, a number of significant correlations were identified between neuromuscular variables and knee functionality of ACLD and ACLR subjects. Increased hamstring preparatory activity together with a greater ability to control tibial motion during dynamic deceleration was associated with higher levels of knee functionality in the ACLD subjects. Successful feed-forward strategies following ACLR were related to graft selection STGT subjects with superior knee function activated their quadriceps earlier and were better able to synchronise peak hamstring muscle activity closer to initial ground contact whilst more functional PT subjects demonstrated enhanced tibial control despite a lack of evidence supporting modified pre-programmed muscular activation patterns. Our conclusion was that more functional in iduals used sensory feedback to build treatment-specific, feed-forward strategies to enhance dynamic restraint when performing a task known to stress the ACL.
Can Exercise Adaptations Be Maintained in Men with Prostate Cancer Following Supervised Programmes? Implications to the COVID-19 Landscape of Urology and Clinical Exercise
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Reliability of an electrophoretic and image processing analysis of human skeletal muscle taken from m. vastus lateralis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1997
Abstract: The relative content of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms IIb, IIa and I in human skeletal muscle taken from the m. vastus lateralis of 30 healthy male subjects was analysed using mini-gel electrophoresis. Repeated electrophoretic gels utilizing the same methods were produced for all subjects and the determination of MHC protein bands was performed using a digital scanner and National Institutes of Health (NIH) Image software and laser densitometry. A comparison between the NIH Image processing technique and laser densitometry revealed differences of 6.47%, 6.35% and 6.84% between these measurement techniques for MHC-IIb, -IIa and -I isoforms, respectively. The percentage technical error of measurement (TEM%) between electrophoretic gels was shown to be 19.1%, 17.8% and 14.2%, with regard to percentage of occurrence of MHC-IIb, -IIa and -I isoforms respectively. The variation in electrophoretic gel analyses was shown to be 5.7%, 7.3% and 5.5%, with regard to the percentage of MHC-IIb, -IIa and -I isoforms respectively. Intra-class correlations comparing NIH Image and laser densitometry produced r values in the range 0.38-0.63. Comparisons between and within gel analyses produced r values in the range 0.59-0.94 and 0.93-0.98, respectively. Analyses of variance revealed no significant differences (P < 0.05) between analysis techniques, between gels or within gels for the measurement of MHC-IIb, -IIa and -I isoforms. The inter-gel error between fibre subgroups was moderate for the two type-II MHC populations and less for type-I MHC the intra-in idual error in the measuring technique used for classifying the MHC-IIb, -IIa and -I protein bands was small. The results obtained in this investigation showed consistent trends which may reflect a false classification of the type-II MHC populations for the inter-gel and intra-in idual analyses. The NIH Image software and digitizing process was shown to be a valid and reliable method for distinguishing between MHC protein bands of human skeletal tissue as separated by mini-gel electrophoretic techniques.
“Charity Begins at Home”: Informal Caring Barriers to Formal Volunteering Among Older People
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2019
The effects of improved strength on obstacle negotiation in community-living older adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00101-7
Abstract: Poor mobility has been associated with age-related deterioration in muscle strength. While previous work has examined the effects of improved strength on level walking, we have quantified the effects of a resistance-training program on obstructed gait tasks using biomechanical-dependent measures. Forty-five community-dwelling participants aged 62 years or older were randomised to either a control (n=16) or experimental group (n=29). The experimental subjects exercised for 24 weeks on a progressive resistance-training program designed to improve lower body strength. Dynamic strength was assessed at weeks 0 and 24 as well as specific laboratory gait kinetics and kinematics during stepping over an obstacle and negotiation of a raised surface set at 10, 20 and 30% of each subject's leg length. Significant strength improvements (P<0.05), ranging between 197 and 285%, were recorded in the experimental group. The strength gains in the experimental group were accompanied by significant increases in obstacle-crossing stride velocity (range 5.5-15.5%) due to increases in stride length and decreases in stride duration for both gait tasks. Significant changes in the peak vertical and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces as well as in kinematic variables associated with a safe obstacle traverse such as vertical obstacle heel clearance, limb flexion at obstacle crossing, horizontal foot placement and vertical landing velocity resulted in an improved crossing strategy in the experimental subjects. These findings provide evidence of significant improvements in obstructed gait function of community-living older adults associated with a systematic resistance-training program.
Moderators of Resistance Training Effects in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 17-08-2022
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002984
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze whether the effects of resistance exercise on whole-body fat and lean mass are moderated by exercise dosage (i.e., duration, volume, and intensity), age, body mass index, baseline values, assessment methods, and prescription of aerobic exercise and caloric restriction in overweight/obese adults. A systematic search was undertaken in 11 databases from inception to December 2020, with an updated search undertaken in April 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on whole-body fat mass and lean mass in adults who were overweight or obese. Meta-analysis was undertaken with a random-effects model. Associations between mean differences and potential moderators were tested by meta-regression models. Sixty-seven articles describing 65 trials ( n = 2537) were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in a significant change of −1.6 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.9 to −1.3 kg, P 0.001) in whole-body fat mass and +0.8 kg (95% CI = 0.6 to 0.9 kg, P 0.001) in lean mass. Male participants experienced greater effects than females ( P 0.001), whereas those presenting with higher levels of fat mass at baseline experienced greater reductions in this outcome ( P = 0.084). For lean mass, younger adults experienced greater improvements compared with older participants ( P = 0.009), whereas programs comprising resistance exercise and caloric restriction resulted in significant reductions in lean mass ( P = 0.035). Resistance exercise dosage or prescription of aerobic exercise was not associated with change in these outcomes. Resistance-based programs improve body composition regardless of the resistance exercise dosage or aerobic component prescribed in adults who are overweight or obese. In addition, subgroups based on demographic characteristics, baseline levels, and presence of caloric restriction may present with more favorable responses in body composition.
Exercise-induced myokines and their effect on prostate cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41585-021-00476-Y
Abstract: Exercise is recognized by clinicians in the field of clinical oncology for its potential role in reducing the risk of certain cancers and in reducing the risk of disease recurrence and progression yet, the underlying mechanisms behind this reduction in risk are not fully understood. Studies applying post-exercise blood serum directly to various types of cancer cell lines provide insight that exercise might have a role in inhibiting cancer growth via altered soluble and cell-free blood contents. Myokines, which are cytokines produced by muscle and secreted into the bloodstream, might offer multiple benefits to cellular metabolism (such as a reduction in insulin resistance, improved glucose uptake and reduced adiposity), and blood myokine levels can be altered with exercise. Alterations in the levels of myokines such as IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, irisin, secreted protein acidic risk in cysteine (SPARC), myostatin, oncostatin M and decorin might exert a direct inhibitory effect on cancer growth via inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis, inducing cell-cycle arrest and inhibiting the epithermal transition to mesenchymal cells. The association of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia with obesity can create a tumour-favourable environment exercise-induced myokines can manipulate this environment by regulating adipose tissue and adipocytes. Exercise-induced myokines also have a critical role in increasing cytotoxicity and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour.
Effect of resistance training on women???s strength/power and occupational performances
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2001
What are the most effective exercise, physical activity and dietary interventions to improve body composition in women diagnosed with or at high‐risk of breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/CNCR.35043
Endogenous opioid peptide responses to opioid and anti-inflammatory medications following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Obesity and prostate cancer: A narrative review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CRITREVONC.2021.103543
Abstract: Overweight and obese men with prostate cancer are at an increased risk of disease recurrence, exacerbated treatment-related adverse effects, development of obesity-related comorbidities, earlier progression and development of metastatic disease, and higher all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality. The physiological mechanisms associating obesity with poor prostate cancer outcomes remain largely unknown however, an increased inflammatory environment and metabolic irregularities associated with excess fat mass are commonly postulated. Although research is limited, fat loss strategies using exercise and nutrition programmes may slow down prostate cancer progression and improve a patient's prognosis. This review is an overview of: 1) the association between obesity and poor prostate cancer prognosis 2) potential physiological mechanisms linking obesity and prostate cancer progression 3) the effect of obesity on treatments for prostate cancer and 4) the potential for weight loss strategies to improve outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
Comparison of ballistic and strength training on swimming turn and dry-land leg extensor characteristics in elite swimmers
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-08-2017
1, 1, 1-Trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-Chlorophenyl)-Ethane (DDT) and Reduced Bone Mineral Density
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2000
DOI: 10.1080/00039890009603403
Abstract: The organochlorine pesticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT), is a well-known and widely dispersed "environmental estrogen" (World Health Organization Criteria no. 9 Geneva, Switzerland [1979]). Kelce et al. (Nature, 1995 375:581-85) recently identified the DDT metabolite, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), has also recently been identified as a potent androgen receptor antagonist. The authors examined the relationship between serum levels of DDE and bone mineral density in 68 sedentary women who reported adequate dietary intake of calcium. Reduced bone mineral density was correlated significantly with age (r = -.36, p = .004), as well as with increases in the log of DDE levels in serum (r = -.27, p = .03). The authors also used multiple-regression analysis to examine the influence of other predictor variables on the relationship between log DDE and bone mineral density. The strongest model (p = .002) included log DDE (p = .018), age (p = .002), and years on hormone replacement therapy (p = .10) as predictor variables, and this model afforded prediction of 21% of bone mineral density variation. These results suggest that past community exposures to DDT may be associated with reduced bone mineral density in women.
The Effect of Duration of Resistance Training Interventions in Children Who Are Overweight or Obese
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2009
Heart Rate Variability and Direct Current Measurement Characteristics in Professional Mixed Martial Arts Athletes
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-07-2020
Abstract: This study’s purpose was to examine heart rate variability (HRV) and direct current potential (DC) measures’ sensitivity and correlations between changes in the acute recovery and stress scale (ARSS) and the previous day’s training load. Training load, HRV, DC and ARSS data were collected from fourteen professional mixed martial arts athletes (32.6 ± 5.3 years, 174.8 ± 8.8 cm, 79.2 ± 17.5 kg) the following morning after hard, easy and rest days. Sensitivity was expressed as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, inter-day typical error (TE) or coefficient of variation (%CV) ided by intra-day TE or %CV). Correlations between HRV, DC and ARSS with training load were also examined. The SNRs for the various HRV and DC measures were acceptable to good (1.02–2.85). There was a 23.1% CV average increase between measures taken between different locations versus the same location. Training load changes were not correlated with HRV/DC but were correlated with ARSS stress variables. Practitioners should be aware of HRV/DC variability however the daily training signal was greater than the test-retest error in this investigation. Upon awakening, HRV/DC measures appear superior for standardization and planning. HRV and DC measures were less sensitive to the previous day’s training load than ARSS measures.
Training for Muscular Power
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2000
Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2002
Associations of physical activity and quality of life in parapneumonic effusion patients
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Date: 03-08-2023
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00209-2023
Abstract: Little is known about activity behaviours and quality-of-life (QoL) of patients with parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE) after hospital discharge. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial (dexamethasone versus placebo) for hospitalised patients with PPE. We: (i) described the patients’ activity behaviour patterns and QoL measured at discharge and at 30 days post-discharge and (ii) examined the association between activity behaviours and QoL scores. Activity behaviour (7-day accelerometry Actigraph GT3X+) and QoL (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36) were assessed. Repeated measures analysis of covariance controlling for baseline values and a series of linear regression models were undertaken. Thirty-six out of 53 eligible participants completed accelerometry assessments. Despite modest increases in light physical activity (+7.5%) and some domains of QoL ( points) from discharge to 30 days post-discharge, patients had persistently high levels of sedentary behaviour ( % of waking wear time) and poor QoL (≤50 out of 100 points) irrespective of treatment group (p=0.135–0.903). Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with higher scores on most QoL domains (p=0.006–0.037). Linear regression indicates that a clinically important difference of 5 points in physical composite QoL score can be achieved by reallocating 16.1 min·day −1 of sedentary time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Patients with PPE had low levels of physical activity and QoL at discharge and 30-days post irrespective of treatment. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity participation was associated with higher QoL scores. Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity following discharge from the hospital may be associated with improvements in QoL.
Strength Classification and Diagnosis: Not All Strength Is Created Equal
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 13-09-2023
DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000744
Abstract: Maximal force can be expressed across a range of conditions influenced by the external load and the time available to express force. As a result, several distinct and specific strength qualities exist. Conversely, some expressions of maximal force are similar and can be categorized as a single quality. Therefore, strength assessment systems must be sophisticated enough to isolate and measure each quality while minimizing redundant information. This article presents a contemporary, evidence-based and practical framework that reduces the many strength and speed-strength metrics into 5 distinct qualities. Alongside this, we present case ex les of the application of strength diagnosis.
Testing campaign slogans designed to motivate older people to be more physically active
Publisher: The Sax Institute
Date: 09-2023
DOI: 10.17061/PHRP3332323
The Relationship Between Vertical Jump Power Estimates and Weightlifting Ability: A Field-Test Approach
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1519/R-13213.1
Arousal/Stress Effects of “Overwatch” eSports Game Competition in Collegiate Gamers
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 21-07-2022
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004319
Abstract: Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, Beeler, MK, Emerson, A, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Fogt, JS, Fogt, N, Häkkinen, K, Newton, RU, Lopez, P, Sanchez, BN, and Onate, JA. Arousal/stress effects of “Overwatch” eSports game competition in collegiate gamers. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2671–2675, 2022—To date, no physical response data are available for one of the most popular eSport games, Overwatch . The purpose of this investigation was to describe the stress signaling associated with competitive Overwatch play and to understand how acute hormonal responses may affect performance. Thirty-two male college-aged gamers (age: 21.3 ± 2.7 years estimated time played per week: 18 ± 15 hours) completed the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 6-player team to compete in a tournament-style match. Salivary measures of cortisol and testosterone were collected immediately before (PRE) and after (POST) the first-round game, with the heart rate recorded continuously during the match. The mean characteristics were calculated for each variable and comparisons made by the skill level. Significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. There were no differences in measures of salivary cortisol. A differential response pattern was observed by the skill level for testosterone. The low skill group displayed a significant increase in testosterone with game play (mean ± SD , testosterone PRE: 418.3 ± 89.5 pmol·L −1 , POST: 527.6 ± 132.4 pmol·L −1 , p 0.001), whereas no change was observed in the high skill group. There were no differences in heart rate characteristics between skill groups. Overall, the average heart rate was 107.2 ± 17.8 bpm with an average max heart rate of 133.3 ± 19.1 bpm. This study provides unique physiological evidence that a sedentary Overwatch match modulates endocrine and cardiovascular responses, with the skill level emerging as a potential modulator.
A Comparison of Strength and Power Characteristics Between Power Lifters, Olympic Lifters, and Sprinters
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 1999
Interventions for Improving Body Composition in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 23-12-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002843
Abstract: To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the most effective intervention for improving body composition outcomes in prostate cancer patients during or after treatment. A systematic search was undertaken in multiple databases from inception to December 2020. Randomized clinical trials examining the effects of exercise hysical activity and/or nutrition interventions on body composition and body weight measures in prostate cancer patients were included. The primary endpoints were both whole-body and regional fat mass and lean mass measures, with body weight and BMI as secondary outcomes. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the clustering effect of intervention modalities or control groups on the outcomes of interest. The study protocol is publicly available on PROSPERO (CRD42020202339). Fifty articles describing 47 trials ( n = 3207) were included. Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobic exercise were the most effective interventions to reduce body fat percentage (−0.9% 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.4% to −0.3%) and fat mass (−0.5 kg 95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1 kg), respectively. For whole-body and regional lean mass, combined resistance and aerobic exercise + healthy diet (0.6 kg 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.0 kg) and resistance training alone (0.7 kg, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.0 kg) were the best intervention, respectively. A low-fat diet was the most effective for reducing body weight immediately after or at follow-up, while no intervention promoted significant reductions in BMI. These results indicate that a resistance-based exercise program alone or combined with a general healthy diet are the most effective interventions for improving overall body composition in men with prostate cancer.
Evaluation of a Clinic-based Exercise Program in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Non-Surgical Treatment
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-08-2022
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003019
Abstract: Evidence regarding the role of exercise in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is limited and is derived exclusively under tightly controlled research conditions. This study aimed to quantify adherence, adverse events, and changes in physical and psychological outcomes in any patients with PanCa referred to undertake exercise during nonsurgical treatment. The study involved 22 patients with localized or metastatic PanCa undertaking a clinic-based exercise program during chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The program included supervised aerobic and resistance exercise undertaken twice weekly for 12 wk and a 12-wk follow-up with supervised exercise optional dependent on patient preference and condition. Patients were monitored for adherence and adverse events. Objective and patient-reported outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12 wk, and 24 wk. A total of 251 sessions were attended by 19 patients over the first 12 wk (attendance rate, 55%). Complete case analyses indicated significant ( P 0.05) improvements in functional ability (5.2%–17.2%), muscle strength (16.9%–25.1%), and static balance (6.8%). There were no significant changes in body composition or patient-reported outcomes except for sleep quality, which deteriorated however, at an in idual level, several patients had clinically relevant improvements in cancer-related fatigue and quality of life. Patients who continued with supervised exercise to week 24 largely preserved improvements in functional ability, muscle strength, and static balance. No serious adverse events resulted from the exercise program. In idualized, supervised aerobic and resistance exercise in a clinic-based setting appears to be safe and may improve or maintain physical and psychological health in patients with PanCa undergoing nonsurgical treatment.
Effects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older men
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 09-1999
Adaptations in Upper‐Body Maximal Strength and Power Output Resulting From Long-Term Resistance Training in Experienced Strength-Power Athletes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-16024.1
Effect of Explosive Resistance Training on Titin and Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms in Trained Subjects
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0645:EOERTO>2.0.CO;2
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate changes in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and titin isoforms after using various loads during explosive jump squat training. Twenty-four male athletic subjects were recruited for this study. Two experimental groups performed 8-weeks of jump squats using either 30% (n = 9) or 80% (n = 9) of their previously determined 1 repetition maximum. A third group served as controls (n = 6). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after 8 weeks from vastus lateralis. The analysis of titin within these subjects confirmed that human skeletal muscle contains 2 isoforms of titin. There was no significant group x time interaction for MyHC or titin isoform expression. The data from this investigation indicates that a relatively short period of explosive resistance training results in negligible changes in the expression of MyHC or titin isoforms.
Velocity Specificity of Resistance Training: Actual Movement Velocity Versus Intention to Move Explosively
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
Methods to Increase the Effectiveness of Maximal Power Training for the Upper Body
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2005
Acute Effects of High-intensity Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function
Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Date: 03-05-2021
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of an acute bout of high-intensity resistance exercise on measures of cognitive function. Ten men (Mean ± SD: age = 24.4 ± 3.2 yrs body mass = 85.7 ± 11.8 kg height = 1.78 ± 0.08 m 1 repetition maximum (1RM) = 139.0 ± 24.1 kg) gave informed consent and performed a high-intensity 6 sets of 10 repetitions of barbell back squat exercise at 80% 1RM with 2 minutes rest between sets. The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) was completed to assess various cognitive domains during the familiarization period, immediately before, and immediately after the high-intensity resistance exercise bout. The repeated measures ANOVAs for throughput scores (r·m-1) demonstrated significant mean differences for the Mathematical Processing task (MTH p 0.001, η2p = 0.625) where post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that the post-fatigue throughput (32.0 ± 8.8 r·m-1) was significantly greater than the pre-fatigue (23.8 ± 7.4 r·m-1, p = 0.003, d = 1.01) and the familiarization throughput (26.4 ± 5.3 r·m-1, p = 0.024, d = 0.77). The Coded Substitution-Delay task also demonstrated significant mean differences (CDD p = 0.027, η2p = 0.394) with post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrating that the post-fatigue throughput (49.3 ± 14.4 r·m-1) was significantly less than the pre-fatigue throughput (63.2 ± 9.6 r·m-1, p = 0.011, d = 1.14). The repeated measures ANOVAs for reaction time (ms) demonstrated significant mean differences for MTH (p 0.001, η2p = 0.624) where post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that the post-fatigue reaction time (1885.2 ± 582.8 ms) was significantly less than the pre-fatigue (2518.2 ± 884.8 ms, p = 0.005, d = 0.85) and familiarization (2253.7 ± 567.6 ms, p = 0.009, d = 0.64) reaction times. The Go/No-Go task demonstrated significant mean differences (GNG p = 0.031, η2p = 0.320) with post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrating that the post-fatigue (285.9 ± 16.3 ms) was significantly less than the pre-fatigue (298.5 ± 12.1 ms, p = 0.006, d = 0.88) reaction times. High-intensity resistance exercise may elicit domain-specific influences on cognitive function, characterized by the facilitation of simple cognitive tasks and impairments of complex cognitive tasks.
A Self-management Concept for Men at the Community Level: The `Waist' Disposal Challenge
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-06-2009
Abstract: The Waist Disposal Challenge consisted of a health intervention at the community level to bring about a reduction in body mass index (BMI) and is delivered at three levels: educational presentations on nutrition and exercise monthly monitoring of BMI competition telephone lifestyle coaching with follow-ups. Twenty-three Rotary Clubs participated in Western Australia in 2007—08 (750 Rotarians). The significant to moderate decreases in BMI are an encouraging indication that such community based-projects for men at-risk of developing chronic disease may influence the way health services reorient their community programmes to suit the health psychology of middle-aged to older men.
Effects of Exercise and Alkalosis on Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and IGF-Binding Protein-3
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1139/H00-009
Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation during explosive upper body movements
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-1996
DOI: 10.1123/JAB.12.1.31
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics, kinetics, and neural activation of the traditional bench press movement performed explosively and the explosive bench throw in which the barbell was projected from the hands. Seventeen male subjects completed three trials with a bar weight of 45% of the subject's previously determined 1RM. Performance was significantly higher during the throw movement compared to the press for average velocity, peak velocity, average force, average power, and peak power. Average muscle activity during the concentric phase for pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and biceps brachii was higher for the throw condition. It was concluded that performing traditional press movements rapidly with light loads does not create ideal loading conditions for the neuromuscular system with regard to explosive strength production, especially in the final stages of the movement, because ballistic weight loading conditions where the resistance was accelerated throughout the movement resulted in a greater velocity of movement, force output, and EMG activity.
Increased fascicle length but not patellar tendon stiffness after accentuated eccentric-load strength training in already-trained men
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-020-04462-X
Abstract: This study examined whether additional external load during the eccentric phase of lower limb strength training exercises led to greater adaptations in knee extensor strength, muscle architecture, and patellar tendon properties than traditional concentric–eccentric training in already-trained men. Twenty-eight men accustomed to strength training were randomized to undertake 10 weeks of supervised traditional (TRAD) or accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) or continue their habitual unsupervised (CON) strength training. TRAD and AEL trained 2∙week −1 with a six-repetition maximum (RM) session and a ten-RM session. TRAD used the same external load in both concentric and eccentric phases, while AEL used 40% greater load during the eccentric than concentric phase. Tests were performed at pre- and post-training, including: maximum unilateral isokinetic (30°·s −1 ) concentric, eccentric and isometric torques by isokinetic dynamometry, unilateral isometric r contractions with muscle–tendon ultrasound imaging to measure tendon stiffness and hysteresis, and resting vastus lateralis and medialis fascicle angle and length measured by extended-field-of-view ultrasound. After training, both TRAD and AEL significantly increased maximum concentric and isometric torque ( p 0.05), but only AEL increased eccentric torque (AEL: + 10 ± 9%, TRAD: + 4 ± 9%) and vastus lateralis (AEL: + 14 ± 14%, TRAD: + 1 ± 10%) and medialis (AEL: + 19 ± 8%, TRAD: + 5 ± 11%) fascicle length. Both TRAD and AEL increased maximum knee extensor strength but only AEL increased VL and VM fascicle length. Neither training program promoted changes in fascicle angle or changes in patellar tendon properties in our already-trained men.
The effects of home-based exercise therapy for breast cancer-related fatigue induced by radical radiotherapy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S12282-022-01408-3
Abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) can lead to cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer patients. The purpose of this trial was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based resistance and aerobic exercise intervention for reducing CRF and improving HRQoL in breast cancer patients during RT. Women with breast cancer ( N = 106) commencing RT were randomized to 12 weeks of home-based resistance and aerobic exercise (EX) or usual care/control (CON). The primary endpoint was CRF, with secondary endpoints of HRQoL, sleep duration and quality, and physical activity. Measurements were undertaken prior to RT, at completion of RT (~ 6 weeks), at completion of the intervention (12 weeks), and 6 and 12 months after RT completion, while CRF was also measured weekly during RT. Eighty-nine women completed the study (EX = 43, CON = 46). Over the 12-week intervention, EX completed 1–2 resistance training sessions and accumulated 30–40 min of aerobic exercise weekly. For CRF, EX had a quicker recovery both during and post-RT compared to CON ( p 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference in HRQoL between groups at RT completion, with HRQoL unchanged in CON and higher in EX ( p 0.05). There was no change in sleep duration or quality for either group and there were no exercise-related adverse effects. Home-based resistance and aerobic exercise during RT is safe, feasible, and effective in accelerating CRF recovery and improving HRQoL. Improvements in CRF and HRQoL for these patients can be achieved with smaller exercise dosages than stated in the generic recommendations for breast cancer.
Efficacy and Feasibility of Presurgical Exercise in Bladder Cancer Patients Scheduled for Open Radical Cystectomy
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003137
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the feasibility and potential efficacy of presurgical exercise in patients with bladder cancer scheduled for open radical cystectomy with follow-up postsurgery. Prospective single-group design with assessments at baseline, presurgery, and 3 months postsurgery was used in this study. Multimodal supervised resistance and aerobic exercise was undertaken 2–3 d·wk −1 at moderate intensity for a median of 3.5 wk (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.3–5.6). Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and completion rates, patient safety, program tolerance, adherence, and compliance. Lean and fat mass were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, physical function by a battery of tests (chest press and leg press strength, 6-min walk test [6MWT], timed up-and-go, repeated chair rise), and quality of life (QoL), psychological distress, and body image by questionnaire. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and complications were assessed by medical records. Thirty-seven patients were referred with 20 recruited (67.3 ± 12.2 yr) and a presurgery intervention completion rate of 80% (16 of 20). The in idual median program adherence was 100.0% (IQR = 89.4–100.0) with compliance of 100.0% (IQR = 90.5–100.0) for resistance exercise and 81.8% (IQR = 55.0–99.5) for aerobic exercise. There were no exercise-related adverse events. Body composition did not change presurgery however, there were improvements ( P 0.05) in leg press strength (16%), 6MWT distance (8%), timed up-and-go (12%), chair rise (10%), and multiple QoL domains including mental health. Median LOS was 8.0 d (IQR = 7.0, 15.0). Postsurgery, there were declines in components of QoL and apparent body image dissatisfaction. A preradical cystectomy exercise program is feasible, safe, and well tolerated with improvements in physical function and QoL. Supervised multimodal exercise in bladder cancer patients before cystectomy can enhance physical and mental health potentially buffering the effects of surgery.
Resistance training combined with bench-step aerobics enhances women???s health profile
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2001
Design of a controlled-release ergometer for the measurement of musculotendinous stiffness of the knee flexors
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1519/R-15114.1
Influence of Complex Training Design on Acute Postactivation Performance Enhancement of Jump Squat and Ballistic Bench Throw Performance in Developing Team-Sport Athletes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2023
Hormonal stress responses of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in highly resistance trained women and men
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training on Load-Bearing Performance and the Army Physical Fitness Test
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-2004
Correction to: Implementation barriers to integrating exercise as medicine in oncology: an ecological scoping review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2022
Sports-Science Roundtable: Does Sports-Science Research Influence Practice?
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2006
Australian Association for Exercise and Sport Science position stand: Optimising cancer outcomes through exercise
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2009.03.002
Abstract: Cancer represents a major public health concern in Australia. Causes of cancer are multifactorial with lack of physical activity being considered one of the known risk factors, particularly for breast and colorectal cancers. Participating in exercise has also been associated with benefits during and following treatment for cancer, including improvements in psychosocial and physical outcomes, as well as better compliance with treatment regimens, reduced impact of disease symptoms and treatment-related side-effects, and survival benefits for particular cancers. The general exercise prescription for people undertaking or having completed cancer treatment is of low to moderate intensity, regular frequency (3-5 times/week) for at least 20 min per session, involving aerobic, resistance or mixed exercise types. Future work needs to push the boundaries of this exercise prescription, so that we can better understand what constitutes optimal, desirable and necessary frequency, duration, intensity and type, and how specific characteristics of the in idual (e.g., age, cancer type, treatment, presence of specific symptoms) influence this prescription. What follows is a summary of the cancer and exercise literature, in particular the purpose of exercise following diagnosis of cancer, the potential benefits derived by cancer patients and survivors from participating in exercise programs, and exercise prescription guidelines and contraindications or considerations for exercise prescription with this special population. This report represents the position stand of the Australian Association of Exercise and Sport Science on exercise and cancer recovery and has the purpose of guiding exercise practitioners in their work with cancer patients.
Lower-limb injury in elite Australian football: A narrative review of kinanthropometric and physical risk factors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Resistance Training in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: Effects on Myosin Isoforms, Fiber Type Distribution, and Capillary Supply to Skeletal Muscle
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2001
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a progressive resistance training program on myosin heavy chain isoform expression, fiber type, and capillarization in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Patients were randomized to either a training group (n = 11, mean +/- SD, 70 +/- 6 years, 4 men, 7 women) or a control group (n = 9, 66 +/- 6 years, 5 men, 4 women). The training sessions were completed 3 times/week, using 2 sets of various exercises, each performed for 8-15 repetitions. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after 24 weeks from the medial gastrocnemius. Following the 24-week training program, the training group had significantly decreased the percentage of myosin heavy chain type IIB. The proportion of type IIB/AB fibers as measured by using myosin adenosine triphosphatase histochemistry decreased significantly in the training group. There were significant increases in type I and type II fiber areas, and capillary density also increased significantly in the training group. There were significant increases in 10 repetition maximum leg press and calf press strengths in the trained subjects. There were no significant changes in any of the measurements in the control group. It is concluded that progressive resistance training results in significant increases in muscle strength and alters skeletal muscle composition of subjects with peripheral arterial disease.
Comparison of four different methods to measure power output during the hang power clean and the weighted jump squat
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1519/R-22896.1
Basal concentrations and acute responses of serum hormones andstrength development during heavy resistance training in middle-aged andelderly men and women
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2000
Corrigendum
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2003
Reliability of measures obtained during single and repeated countermovement jumps
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2008
Abstract: To establish the reliability of various measures obtained during single and repeated countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in an elite athlete population. Two studies, each involving 15 elite Australian Rules Football (ARF) players were conducted where subjects performed two days, separated by one week, of AM and PM trials of either a single (CMJ1) or 5 repeated CMJ (CMJ5). Each trial was conducted on a portable force-plate. The intraday, interday, and overall typical error ( TE ) and coefficient of variation ( CV% ) were calculated for numerous variables in each jump type. A number of CMJ1 and CMJ5 variables displayed high intraday, interday, and overall reliability. In the CMJ1 condition, mean force ( CV 1.08%) was the most reliable variable. In the CMJ5, fight time and relative mean force displayed the highest repeatability with CV of 1.88% and 1.57% respectively. CMJ1Mean force was the only variable with an overall TE smallest worthwhile change ( SWC ). Selected variables obtained during CMJ1 and CMJ5 performance can be used to assess the impact of both acute and chronic training and competition. Variables derived from the CMJ5 may respond differently than their CMJ1 counterparts and should provide insights into differential mechanisms of response and adaptation.
Responses of Serum Creatine Kinase Activity to Heavy Resistance Exercise in Endurance and Recreationally Trained Women
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-1995
Reliability of performance measurements derived from ground reaction force data during countermovement jump and the influence of sampling frequency
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2009
Moderators of resistance-based exercise programs' effect on sarcopenia-related measures in men with prostate cancer previously or currently undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: An individual patie
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Variability of a “force signature” during windmill softball pitching and relationship between discrete force variables and pitch velocity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.HUMOV.2016.03.005
Abstract: This study assessed reliability of discrete ground reaction force (GRF) variables over multiple pitching trials, investigated the relationships between discrete GRF variables and pitch velocity (PV) and assessed the variability of the "force signature" or continuous force-time curve during the pitching motion of windmill softball pitchers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for all discrete variables was high (0.86-0.99) while the coefficient of variance (CV) was low (1.4-5.2%). Two discrete variables were significantly correlated to PV second vertical peak force (r(5)=0.81, p=0.03) and time between peak forces (r(5)=-0.79 p=0.03). High ICCs and low CVs support the reliability of discrete GRF and PV variables over multiple trials and significant correlations indicate there is a relationship between the ability to produce force and the timing of this force production with PV. The mean of all pitchers' curve-average standard deviation of their continuous force-time curves demonstrated low variability (CV=4.4%) indicating a repeatable and identifiable "force signature" pattern during this motion. As such, the continuous force-time curve in addition to discrete GRF variables should be examined in future research as a potential method to monitor or explain changes in pitching performance.
The authors respond [2]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
Effects and moderators of coping skills training on symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer: Aggregate data and individual patient data meta-analyses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Eccentric utilization ratio: Effect of sport and phase of training
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-19165.1
An Algorithm for the Automatic Detection and Quantification of Athletes’ Change of Direction Incidents Using IMU Sensor Data
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 15-06-2019
Exercise medicine considerations for pregnancy-associated breast cancer: Characteristics, prognosis and treatment
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1177/17455057231161483
Abstract: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and is the most common cancer diagnosis made during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. When breast cancer is diagnosed either during pregnancy or in the first-year postpartum, it is referred to as pregnancy-associated breast cancer. The aim of this review is to assess existing literature regarding the recommendations and outcomes of participating in exercise for people with pregnancy-associated breast cancer. The occurrence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer is increasing as a growing number of women delay first pregnancies. Women undergoing treatment for pregnancy-associated breast cancer are dealing with both cancer and its treatment as well as a pregnancy or postpartum period, and often encounter symptoms associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment, such as nausea, pain and fatigue while simultaneously navigating a pregnancy or early motherhood. These experiences can be barriers to participating in exercise, despite exercise being associated with numerous benefits for both pregnancy health and breast cancer outcomes. Numerous studies report the benefits of exercising during breast cancer treatment in ameliorating associated symptoms, and some studies report that engaging in exercise can lead to healthier and lower risk pregnancies. However, there is a lack of consensus around appropriate exercise programmes for this specific population. Given the associated benefits of participating in exercise for both breast cancer patients and pregnant ostpartum women as separate groups, research into exercise medicine designed specifically for the pregnancy-associated breast cancer population is needed.
Physiological and performance responses to tournament wrestling
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2001
Nationwide Industry-Led Community Exercise Program for Men With Locally Advanced, Relapsed, or Metastatic Prostate Cancer on Androgen-Deprivation Therapy
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1200/OP.21.00745
Abstract: Androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with considerable side effects and secondary comorbidities such as overweight/obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an industry-led, treatment-integrated, community-based exercise program on outcomes of body weight, cardiovascular health, and physical function. PCa patients with locally advanced, relapsed, or metastatic disease receiving leuprorelin acetate were enrolled across multiple sites in Australia and assigned supervised group exercise undertaken weekly or biweekly (ie, 16 exercise sessions in total) for 10-18 weeks, consisting of aerobic and resistance training performed at moderate-to-vigorous intensity. Between 2014 and 2020, 760 participants completed the baseline and follow-up assessment. Participants were age 48-94 years, and most were either overweight (42.1%) or obese (38.1%). Program compliance was high, with 90% of participants completing all 16 exercise sessions. There was a small but significant reduction in waist circumference (–0.9 cm 95% CI [–1.2 to –0.5] P .001) and no change in weight or body mass index. Systolic (–3.7 mmHg 95% CI [–4.8 to –2.6] P .001) and diastolic (–1.7 mmHg 95% CI [–2.3 to –1.0] P .001) blood pressure were significantly lower after the program. Furthermore, significant improvements were seen in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength ( P .001). For most of the investigated outcomes, participants with poorer initial measures had the greatest benefit from participating in the program. The community exercise program was feasible and effective in preventing weight gain, reducing blood pressure, and improving physical function in patients with PCa on androgen-deprivation therapy.
The Impact of Velocity of Movement on Performance Factors in Resistance Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-155552.1
Psychological distress in men with prostate cancer undertaking androgen deprivation therapy: modifying effects of exercise from a year-long randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-021-00327-2
Abstract: To assess the long-term effects of various exercise modes on psychological distress in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). 135 prostate cancer patients aged 43–90 years on ADT were randomized to twice weekly supervised impact loading and resistance exercise (ImpRes), supervised aerobic and resistance exercise (AerRes), and usual care/delayed supervised aerobic exercise (DelAer) for 12 months, and completed measures of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). BSI-18 provides three subscales for anxiety, depression, and somatisation, as well as the global severity index (GSI) where higher scores indicate higher distress. Following the intervention, somatization was not different to baseline, however, there were significant interactions ( p 0.01) for depression, anxiety, and the GSI. In ImpRes, depression was reduced at 12 months compared to baseline and 6 months (0.78 ± 1.39 vs. 1.88 ± 3.24 and 1.48 ± 2.65, p 0.001), as was the GSI (3.67 ± 4.34 vs. 5.94 ± 7.46 and 4.64 ± 4.73, p 0.001) with anxiety reduced compared to baseline (1.08 ± 1.54 vs. 1.98 ± 2.56). Depression and the GSI decreased ( p 0.05) in AerRes at 6 months but increased by 12 months, while in DelAer the GSI was reduced at 12 months compared to 6 months (3.78 ± 3.94 vs. 5.25 ± 4.22, p = 0.031). Men with the highest level of anxiety, depression, somatization, and the GSI improved the most with exercise ( p trend 0.001). Various supervised exercise modes (aerobic, resistance and impact loading) are effective in reducing psychological distress in men with prostate cancer on ADT. Those with the highest level of psychological distress improved the most. Supervised exercise should be prescribed to improve psychological health in prostate cancer patients on ADT.
Correction: Characterising lower-body musculoskeletal morphology and whole-body composition of elite female and male Australian Football players (BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, (2022), 14, 1, (168), 10.1186/s13102-022-00561-8)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2022
Resistance training effectiveness on body composition and body weight outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13428
Abstract: To systematically review and analyze the effects of resistance‐based exercise programs on body composition, regional adiposity, and body weight in in iduals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials were searched in nine electronic databases up to December 2020. Meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects model. One‐hundred sixteen articles describing 114 trials ( n = 4184 participants) were included. Interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction were the most effective for reducing body fat percentage (ES = −3.8%, 95% CI: −4.7 to −2.9%, p 0.001) and whole‐body fat mass (ES = −5.3 kg, 95% CI: −7.2 to −3.5 kg, p 0.001) compared with groups without intervention. Significant results were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise (ES = −2.3% and −1.4 kg, p 0.001) and resistance training alone (ES = −1.6% and −1.0 kg, p 0.001) compared with no training controls. Resistance training alone was the most effective for increasing lean mass compared with no training controls (ES = 0.8 kg, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.0 kg, p 0.001), whereas lean mass was maintained following interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction (ES = ~ − 0.3 kg, p = 0.550–0.727). Results were consistently observed across age and sex groups ( p = 0.001–0.011). Reductions in regional adiposity and body weight measures were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise and programs including caloric restriction ( p 0.001). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that resistance‐based exercise programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program when caloric restriction is utilized in in iduals with overweight or obesity.
Moderators of the effect of psychosocial interventions on fatigue in women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer: Individual patient data meta‐analyses
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-09-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5522
Abstract: Psychosocial interventions can reduce cancer‐related fatigue effectively. However, it is still unclear if intervention effects differ across subgroups of patients. These meta‐analyses aimed at evaluating moderator effects of (a) sociodemographic characteristics, (b) clinical characteristics, (c) baseline levels of fatigue and other symptoms, and (d) intervention‐related characteristics on the effect of psychosocial interventions on cancer‐related fatigue in patients with non‐metastatic breast and prostate cancer. Data were retrieved from the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) consortium. Potential moderators were studied with meta‐analyses of pooled in idual patient data from 14 randomized controlled trials through linear mixed‐effects models with interaction tests. The analyses were conducted separately in patients with breast (n = 1091) and prostate cancer (n = 1008). Statistically significant, small overall effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue were found (breast cancer: β = −0.19 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −0.30 −0.08] prostate cancer: β = −0.11 [95%CI = −0.21 −0.00]). In both patient groups, intervention effects did not differ significantly by sociodemographic or clinical characteristics, nor by baseline levels of fatigue or pain. For intervention‐related moderators (only tested among women with breast cancer), statistically significant larger effects were found for cognitive behavioral therapy as intervention strategy (β = −0.27 [95%CI = −0.40 −0.15]), fatigue‐specific interventions (β = −0.48 [95%CI = −0.79 −0.18]), and interventions that only targeted patients with clinically relevant fatigue (β = −0.85 [95%CI = −1.40 −0.30]). Our findings did not provide evidence that any selected demographic or clinical characteristic, or baseline levels of fatigue or pain, moderated effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue. A specific focus on decreasing fatigue seems beneficial for patients with breast cancer with clinically relevant fatigue.
Body composition and nutritional status in malignant pleural mesothelioma: implications for activity levels and quality of life.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-019-0418-9
Abstract: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an incurable cancer and optimizing daily physical activity and quality of life are key goals of patient management. Little is known about the prevalence of pre-sarcopenia and malnutrition in MPM or their associations with patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pre-sarcopenia and malnutrition in MPM and investigate if activity levels and quality of life differed according to body composition and nutritional status. Patients with a diagnosis of MPM were recruited. Pre-sarcopenia was defined as low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (≤ 7.26 kg/m Sixty-one people participated (79% male, median age 69 [IQR 62-74] years and median BMI 25.8 [IQR 24.3-28.4] kg/m Participants with MPM had high rates of pre-sarcopenia and malnutrition. Pre-sarcopenia was associated with poorer activity levels, whilst malnutrition was associated with poorer quality of life. Interventions that aim to address reduced muscle mass and weight loss, should be tested in MPM to assess their impact on patient outcomes.
Characteristics of goals scored in open play at the 2017 and 2018 Australian national cerebral palsy football championship
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-05-2023
DOI: 10.1177/17479541221095941
Abstract: Despite increasing popularity of cerebral palsy (CP) football (para football) worldwide, there are limited data available describing effective attacking strategies that lead to goals. The purpose of this research was to investigate the most frequent methods of ball repossession, distribution and movement patterns that successfully led to goals scored in open play of CP football. Video footage of all goals (n = 167) during the Australian National CP Football Ch ionships in 2017 and 2018 were analysed using SportsCode software. Most goals (89.8%) were scored from open play, with the most effective mode of ball delivery identified as being direct play, of four or less passes, to create an opportunity to score. More goals were scored during the first half of games (54.9%), with a majority of goals (67.1%) scored from a region that encompasses the entire penalty area (Zone 1). The findings from the research conclude that tactically, coaches could capitalise on restarts by moving the ball quickly in four or less passes into the middle of the penalty area, to increase their chances of scoring goals in CP football.
Effect of alkalosis on plasma epinephrine responses to high intensity cycle exercise in humans
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2002
The Effects of Carbohydrate Loading on Repetitive Jump Squat Power Performance
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-18300.1
Determining the optimal load for jump squats
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2004
The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-1993
The Current State of Subjective Training Load Monitoring: Follow-Up and Future Directions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-022-00433-Y
Abstract: This article addresses several key issues that have been raised related to subjective training load (TL) monitoring. These key issues include how TL is calculated if subjective TL can be used to model sports performance and where subjective TL monitoring fits into an overall decision-making framework for practitioners. Regarding how TL is calculated, there is conjecture over the most appropriate (1) acute and chronic period lengths, (2) smoothing methods for TL data and (3) change in TL measures (e.g., training stress balance (TSB), differential load, acute-to-chronic workload ratio). Variable selection procedures with measures of model-fit, like the Akaike Information Criterion, are suggested as a potential answer to these calculation issues with ex les provided using datasets from two different groups of elite athletes prior to and during competition at the 2016 Olympic Games. Regarding using subjective TL to model sports performance, further ex les using linear mixed models and the previously mentioned datasets are provided to illustrate possible practical interpretations of model results for coaches (e.g., ensuring TSB increases during a taper for improved performance). An overall decision-making framework for determining training interventions is also provided with context given to where subjective TL measures may fit within this framework and the determination if subjective measures are needed with TL monitoring for different sporting situations. Lastly, relevant practical recommendations (e.g., using validated scales and training coaches and athletes in their use) are provided to ensure subjective TL monitoring is used as effectively as possible along with recommendations for future research.
The Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation on Muscular Performance During Resistance Training Overreaching
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0250:TEOAAS>2.0.CO;2
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acid supplementation on muscular strength, power, and high-intensity endurance during short-term resistance training overreaching. Seventeen resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either an amino acid (AA) or placebo (P) group and underwent 4 weeks of total-body resistance training consisting of two 2-week phases of overreaching (phase 1: 3 x 8-12 repetitions maximum [RM], 8 exercises phase 2: 5 x 3-5 RM, 5 exercises). Muscle strength, power, and high-intensity endurance were determined before (T1) and at the end of each training week (T2-T5). One repetition maximum squat and bench press decreased at T2 in P (5.2 and 3.4 kg, respectively) but not in AA, and significant increases in 1 RM squat and bench press were observed at T3-T5 in both groups. A decrease in the ballistic bench press peak power was observed at T3 in P but not AA. The fatigue index during the 20-repetition jump squat assessment did not change in the P group at T3 and T5 (fatigue index = 18.6 and 18.3%, respectively) whereas a trend for reduction was observed in the AA group (p = 0.06) at T3 (12.8%) but not T5 (15.2% p = 0.12). These results indicate that the initial impact of high-volume resistance training overreaching reduces muscle strength and power, and it appears that these reductions are attenuated with amino acid supplementation. In addition, an initial high-volume, moderate-intensity phase of overreaching followed by a higher intensity, moderate-volume phase appears to be very effective for enhancing muscle strength in resistance-trained men.
Changes in body composition in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and the relationship with activity levels and dietary intake
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-01-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-021-01062-6
Abstract: Skeletal muscle loss is common in advanced cancer and is associated with negative outcomes. In malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), no study has reported body composition changes or factors associated with these changes. This study aimed to describe changes in body composition over time and its relationship with activity levels, dietary intake and survival. The study was a secondary analysis of data collected from a longitudinal observational study of patients with MPM. Participants completed 3-month assessments for up to 18 months. Participants with two dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were included. Changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total fat mass were used to categorise participants into phenotypes. Activity levels were measured with an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer and energy and protein intake was measured with a 3-day food record and 24-h recall. Eighteen participants were included (89% men, mean age 68.9 ± 7.1 years). Median time between DXA was 91 [IQR 84–118] days. Compared to participants with ASM maintenance ( n = 9), fewer participants with ASM loss ( n = 9) survived ≥12 months from follow-up ( p = 0.002). Participants with ASM loss increased sedentary time ( p = 0.028) and decreased light activity ( p = 0.028) and step count ( p = 0.008). Activity levels did not change in participants with ASM maintenance ( p 0.05). Energy and protein intake did not change in either group ( p 0.05). Muscle loss was associated with poorer survival and decreased activity levels. Interventions that improve physical activity or muscle mass could benefit patients with MPM.
The Effects of L-Carnitine L-Tartrate Supplementation on Hormonal Responses to Resistance Exercise and Recovery
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0455:TEOLLS>2.0.CO;2
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT) supplementation using a balanced, cross-over, placebo-controlled research design on the anabolic hormone response (i.e., testosterone [T], insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 [IGFBP-3], and immunofunctional and immunoreactive growth hormone [GHif and GHir]) to acute resistance exercise. Ten healthy, recreationally weight-trained men (mean +/- SD age 23.7 +/- 2.3 years, weight 78.7 +/- 8.5 kg, and height 179.2 +/- 4.6 cm) volunteered and were matched, and after 3 weeks of supplementation (2 g LCLT per day), fasting morning blood s les were obtained on six consecutive days (D1-D6). Subjects performed a squat protocol (5 sets of 15-20 repetitions) on D2. During the squat protocol, blood s les were obtained before exercise and 0, 15, 30, 120, and 180 minutes postexercise. After a 1-week washout period, subjects consumed the other supplement for a 3-week period, and the same experimental protocol was repeated using the exact same procedures. Expected exercise-induced increases in all of the hormones were observed for GHir, GHif, IGFBP-3, and T. Over the recovery period, LCLT reduced the amount of exercise-induced muscle tissue damage, which was assessed via magnetic resonance imaging scans of the thigh. LCLT supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased IGFBP-3 concentrations prior to and at 30, 120, and 180 minutes after acute exercise. No other direct effects of LCLT supplementation were observed on the absolute concentrations of the hormones examined, but with more undamaged tissue, a greater number of intact receptors would be available for hormonal interactions. These data support the use of LCLT as a recovery supplement for hypoxic exercise and lend further insights into the hormonal mechanisms that may help to mediate quicker recovery.
Neuromuscular adaptations during bilateral versus unilateral strength training in middle‐aged and elderly men and women
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1996
The Effect of Heavy- Vs. Light-Load Jump Squats on the Development of Strength, Power, and Speed
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2002
Prior workload has moderate effects on high-intensity match performance in elite-level professional football players when controlling for situational and contextual variables
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-06-2020
Use of Session Rating of Perceived Exertion for Monitoring Resistance Exercise in Children Who Are Overweight or Obese
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1123/PES.20.3.333
Training Load, Heart Rate Variability, Direct Current Potential and Elite Long Jump Performance Prior and during the 2016 Olympic Games.
Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Date: 15-06-2021
Abstract: The primary objective of this investigation was to investigate the relationships between training load (TL), heart rate variability (HRV) and direct current potential (DC) with elite long jump performance prior to and during the 2016 Olympics Games. Sessional ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), training duration, HRV and DC were collected from four elite athletes (26.4 ± 1.4 years, height 1.83 ± 0.05 m, weight 68.9 ± 5.0 kg) for a 16-week period in qualification for and competition at the 2016 Olympic Games. Acute and chronic TL, training stress balance and differential load were calculated with three different smoothing methods. These TL measures along with HRV and DC were examined for their relationship to intra-athlete performance using repeated measure correlations and linear mixed models. Successful compared to unsuccessful intra-athlete performances were characterised by a higher chronic TL (p 0.01, f2 = 0.31) but only when TL was exponentially smoothed. There were also negative correlations between HRV and performance (r = -0.55, p 0.01) and HRV was significantly lower for more successful performances (p 0.01, f2 = 0.19). Exponentially smoothed chronic TL was significantly higher and HRV was significantly lower for successful intra-athlete performances prior and during the 2016 Olympics Games in an elite group of long jump athletes. Monitoring sRPE and HRV measures and manipulating TL prior to competition seems worthwhile for elite long jump athletes.
Does exercise impact gut microbiota composition in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer? A single-blinded, two-armed, randomised controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-024872
Abstract: A potential link exists between prostate cancer (PCa) disease and treatment and increased inflammatory levels from gut dysbiosis. This study aims to examine if exercise favourably alters gut microbiota in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for PCa. Specifically, this study will explore whether: (1) exercise improves the composition of gut microbiota and increases the abundance of bacteria associated with health promotion and (2) whether gut health correlates with favourable inflammatory status, bowel function, continence and nausea among patients participating in the exercise intervention. A single-blinded, two-armed, randomised controlled trial will explore the influence of a 3-month exercise programme (3 days/week) for men with high-risk localised PCa receiving ADT. Sixty patients will be randomly assigned to either exercise intervention or usual care. The primary endpoint (gut health and function assessed via feacal s les) and secondary endpoints (self-reported quality of life via standardised questionnaires, blood biomarkers, body composition and physical fitness) will be measured at baseline and following the intervention. A variety of statistical methods will be used to understand the covariance between microbial ersity and metabolomics profile across time and intervention. An intention-to-treat approach will be utilised for the analyses with multiple imputations followed by a secondary sensitivity analysis to ensure data robustness using a complete cases approach. Ethics approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Edith Cowan University (ID: 19827 NEWTON). Findings will be reported in peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences in addition to working with national support groups to translate findings for the broader community. If exercise is shown to result in favourable changes in gut microbial ersity, composition and metabolic profile, and reduce gastrointestinal complications in PCa patients receiving ADT, this study will form the basis of a future phase III trial. ANZCTR12618000280202.
A phase III clinical trial of exercise modalities on treatment side-effects in men receiving therapy for prostate cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2009
Neuromuscular and Endocrine Responses of Elite Players to an Australian Rules Football Match
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-2008
Abstract: To examine the acute and short-term responses of variables obtained during a single countermovement jump (CMJ1) repeated countermovement jump involving 5 consecutive efforts without a pause (CMJ5) and cortisol, testosterone, and testos-terone-to-cortisol ratio (T:C) to an elite Australian Rules Football (ARF) match with a view to determining which variables may be most useful for ongoing monitoring. Twenty-two elite ARF players participating in a preseason cup match performed a CMJ1 and a CMJ5 and provided saliva s les 48 h before the match (48pre), prematch (Pre), postmatch, 24 h post (24post), 72 h post (72post), 96 h post (96post), and 120 h post (120post). The magnitude of change in variables at each time point compared with Pre and 48pre was analyzed using the effect size (ES) statistic. A substantial decrement in the pre- to postmatch comparison occurred in the ratio of CMJ1 Flight time:Contraction time (ES −0.65 ± 0.28). Cortisol (ES 2.34 ± 1.06) and T:C (ES −0.52 ± 0.42) displayed large pre- to postmatch changes. The response of countermovement variables at 24post and beyond compared with pre-match and 48pre was varied, with only CMJ1 Flight time:Contraction time displaying a substantial decrease (ES −0.32 ± 0.26) postmatch compared with 48pre. Cortisol displayed a clear pattern of response with substantial elevations up to 24post compared with Pre and 48pre. CMJ1 Flight time:Contraction time appears to be the most useful variable for monitoring neuromuscular status in elite ARF players due to its substantial change compared with 48pre and prematch. Monitoring cortisol, due to its predictable pattern of response, may provide a useful measure of hormonal status.
Exercise can prevent and even reverse adverse effects of androgen suppression treatment in men with prostate cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2007
Abstract: Side effects accompanying androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), including sarcopenia, loss of bone mass and reduction in muscle strength, can compromise physical function, particularly in older patients. Exercise, specifically resistance training, may be an effective and cost-efficient strategy to limit or even reverse some of these adverse effects during and following therapy. In this review, we discuss common morphological and physiological ADT-related side effects or 'Androgen Deprivation and Sarcopenia-Related Disorders' and the existing clinical trials incorporating physical exercise in prostate cancer patients receiving active therapy. Further, training concepts and guidelines are provided for prescribing resistance exercise programs for this population.
Comparison of weighted jump squat training with and without eccentric braking
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2008
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: still a concern in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKW155
Abstract: The risk of patients with ALL and recipients of an allogeneic HSCT developing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is sufficiently high to warrant guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the disease. In this issue, the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) presents its recommendations in three companion papers.
Physical Fitness Qualities of Professional Rugby League Football Players: Determination of Positional Differences
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2001
The influence of direct supervision of resistance training on strength performance
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2000
Effect of Kinetically Altering a Repetition via the Use of Chain Resistance on Velocity During the Bench Press
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2009
Relative importance of strength, power, and anthropometric measures to jump performance of elite volleyball players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2008
Reducing the risk of injury during plyometric training: The effect of dampeners
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1993
Prehabilitative versus rehabilitative exercise in prostate cancer patients undergoing prostatectomy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2023
Anabolic Responses to Resistance Training in Older Men and Women: A Brief Review
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2005
Changes in Muscle Morphology, Electromyographic Activity, and Force Production Characteristics During Progressive Strength Training in Young and Older Men
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-1998
Usability, Acceptability, and Safety Analysis of a Computer-Tailored Web-Based Exercise Intervention (ExerciseGuide) for Individuals With Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Multi-Methods Laboratory-Based Stu
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 28-07-2021
DOI: 10.2196/28370
Abstract: Digital health interventions such as tailored websites are emerging as valuable tools to provide in idualized exercise and behavioral change information for in iduals diagnosed with cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate and iteratively refine the acceptability and usability of a web-based exercise intervention (ExerciseGuide) for men with metastatic prostate cancer and determine how well in iduals can replicate the video-based exercise prescription. A laboratory-based multi-methods design was used, incorporating questionnaires, think-aloud tests, interviews, and movement screening among 11 men aged 63 to 82 years with metastatic prostate cancer. Overall, 9 participants were undergoing androgen deprivation therapy, and 2 were completing chemotherapy. Data were collected in two waves, with changes made for quality improvement after participant 5. The intervention’s usability score was deemed moderate overall but improved after modifications (from 60, SD 2.9 to 69.6, SD 2.2 out of 100). Overall, the participants found the intervention acceptable, with scores improving from wave 1 (24.2, SD 1.1 out of 30) to wave 2 (26.3, SD 2.1 out of 30). The personalized multimodal exercise prescription and computer-tailored education were seen as valuable. After wave 1, website navigation videos were added, medical terminology was simplified, and a telehealth component was included after expert real-time telehealth support was requested. Wave 2 changes included the added variety for aerobic exercise modes, reduced computer-tailoring question loads, and improved consistency of style and grammar. Finally, the participants could replicate the resistance exercise videos to a satisfactory level as judged by the movement screen however, additional technique cueing within the videos is recommended to address safety concerns. The acceptability and usability of ExerciseGuide were deemed satisfactory. Various problems were identified and resolved. Notably, the participants requested the inclusion of personalized expert support through telehealth. The resistance training algorithms were shown to provide appropriate content safely, and the users could replicate the exercise technique unaided to a satisfactory level. This study has optimized the ExerciseGuide intervention for further investigation in this population. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12618001978257 anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618001978257
We have the program, what now? Development of an implementation plan to bridge the research-practice gap prevalent in exercise oncology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01032-4
Abstract: Exercise has emerged as a promising therapy for people with cancer. Novel programs have been developed to translate research into practice however, implementation barriers have limited their success in part because successful translation of exercise oncology research into practice requires context-specific implementation plans. The aim of this study was to employ the implementation mapping protocol to develop an implementation plan to support programming of a co-located exercise clinic and cancer treatment center. The Implementation Mapping protocol, which consists of five specific iterative tasks, was used. A stakeholder advisory group advised throughout the process. A comprehensive needs assessment was used to identify the organization’s general manager as the program adopter oncologists, center leaders, and various administrative staff as program implementers and the operations manager as the program maintainer. Twenty performance objectives were identified. The theoretical domains framework was used to identify likely determinants of change, which informed the selection of eight in idual implementation strategies across the in idual and organizational levels. Finally, an evaluation plan was developed which will be used to measure the success of the implementation plan in the project’s next phase. The Implementation Mapping protocol provided a roadmap to guide development of a comprehensive implementation plan that considered all ecological domains, was informed by theory, and demonstrated an extensive understanding of the implementation context. Strong research-practitioner partnerships and effective stakeholder engagement were critical to development of the plan.
The effect of heavy resistance exercise on the circadian rhythm of salivary testosterone in men
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-02-2001
Bilateral and Unilateral Neuromuscular Function and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1996
The relationship between lower body strength and obstructed gait in community-dwelling older adults
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1046/J.1532-5415.2002.50112.X
Abstract: To determine the relationship between lower body strength of community-dwelling older adults and the time to negotiate obstructed gait tasks. A correlational study. The Biomechanics Laboratory, Deakin University, Australia. Twenty-nine women and 16 men aged 62 to 88 were recruited using advertisements placed in local newspapers. The participants were independent community dwellers, healthy and functionally mobile. Maximal isometric strength of the knee extensors and dynamic strength of the hip extensors, hip flexors, hip adductors, hip abductors, knee extensors, knee flexors, and ankle plantar flexors were assessed. The times to negotiate four obstructed gait tasks at three progressively challenging levels on an obstacle course and to complete the course were recorded. The relationship between strength and the crossing times was explored using linear regression models. Significant associations between the seven strength measures and the times to negotiate each gait task and to walk the entire course at each level were obtained (r = -0.38 to -0.55 P < .05). In addition, the percentage of the variance explained by strength (R(2)), consistently increased as a function of the progressively challenging level. This increase was particularly marked for the stepping over task (R(2) = 19.3%, 25.0%, and 27.2%, for levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and the raised surface condition (R2 = 17.1%, 21.1%, and 30.8%, for levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The findings of the study showed that strength is a critical requirement for obstructed locomotion. That the magnitude of the association increased as a function of the challenging levels suggests that intervention programs aimed at improving strength would potentially be effective in helping community-dwelling older adults negotiate environmental gait challenges.
Evaluating a multicomponent survivorship programme for men with prostate cancer in Australia: a single cohort study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-049802
Abstract: To evaluate the implementation of a multicomponent survivorship programme for men with prostate cancer and their carers. A single cohort study, guided by the RE-AIM framework. Multiple health services in Australia. Men with prostate cancer and their carers, and health professionals. A 12-month telehealth programme that provided centralised and coordinated decision and information support, exercise and nutrition management, specialised clinical support and practical support to men and their carers. Multiple sources of data including participant-reported health outcomes and experience of care, qualitative interviews, records of the programme were collected at different time points. Reach: Of 394 eligible men at various stages of survivorship, 142 consented (36% consent rate) and 136 (96%) completed the programme. Adoption: All men participated in general care coordination and more than half participated in exercise and/or nutrition management interventions. Participation in the specialised support component (ie, psychosocial and sexual health support, continence management) was low despite the high level of need reported by men. Effectiveness: Overall, the men reported improvements in their experience of care. Implementation: Factors such as addressing service gaps, provision of specialised services, care coordination, adoption of needs-based and telehealth-based approaches were identified as enablers to the successful implementation of the programme. Issues such as insufficient integration with existing services, lack of resources and high caseload of the intervention team, men’s reluctance to discuss needs and lack of confidence with technology were barriers in implementing the programme. Survivorship interventions are relevant to men regardless of the stage of their disease and treatments undertaken. It is possible to provide access to a comprehensive model of survivorship care to promote the health and quality of life for men with prostate cancer. This study was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000174381).
Implementation barriers to integrating exercise as medicine in oncology: an ecological scoping review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11764-021-01080-0
Abstract: While calls have been made for exercise to become standard practice in oncology, barriers to implementation in real-world settings are not well described. This systematic scoping review aimed to comprehensively describe barriers impeding integration of exercise into routine oncology care within healthcare systems. A systematic literature search was conducted across six electronic databases (since 2010) to identify barriers to implementing exercise into real-world settings. An ecological framework was used to classify barriers according to their respective level within the healthcare system. A total of 1,376 results were retrieved 50 articles describing implementation barriers in real-world exercise oncology settings were reviewed. Two hundred and forty-three barriers were identified across all levels of the healthcare system. Nearly 40% of barriers existed at the organizational level (n = 93). Lack of structures to support exercise integration and absence of staff/resources to facilitate its delivery were the most common issues reported. Despite the frequency of barriers at the organizational level, organizational stakeholders were largely absent from the research. Implementing exercise into routine cancer care is hindered by a web of interrelated barriers across all levels of the healthcare system. Organizational barriers are central to most issues. Future work should take an interdisciplinary approach to explore best practices for overcoming implementation barriers, with organizations as a central focus. This blueprint of implementation barriers highlights critical issues that need to be overcome to ensure people with cancer have access to the therapeutic benefits of exercise during treatment and beyond.
Endocrine and immune responses to resistance training in prostate cancer patients
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2008
Abstract: This study examined the effect of 20 weeks resistance training on a range of serum hormones and inflammatory markers at rest, and following acute bouts of exercise in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation. Ten patients exercised twice weekly at high intensity for several upper and lower-body muscle groups. Neither testosterone nor prostate-specific antigen changed at rest or following an acute bout of exercise. However, serum growth hormone (GH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and differential blood leukocyte counts increased (P < 0.05) following acute exercise. Resistance exercise does not appear to compromise testosterone suppression, and acute elevations in serum GH and DHEA may partly underlie improvements observed in physical function.
Preseason Body Composition Is Associated With In-season Player Availability in Elite Male Australian Footballers
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 17-11-2201
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004368
Abstract: McCaskie, CJ, Sim, M, Newton, RU, Heasman, J, Rogalski, B, and Hart, NH. Preseason body composition is associated with in-season player availability in elite male Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1089–1095, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine whether end of preseason body composition characteristics was associated with in-season match availability and injury. Sixty ( n = 60) elite Australian football players had body composition characteristics assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry across 3 seasons (2016, 2018, and 2021). Match availability and injury were recorded throughout each season. Pearson’s correlations were calculated to assess the associations between body composition and in-season match availability and injury. Logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of missing games as a result of injury throughout a season. Regional lean soft tissue mass asymmetry and its relationship to injury and availability was explored. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Body composition characteristics expressed as relative values seemed to be more highly associated with in-season availability and injury than characteristics expressed as absolute values. Players with lower relative fat mass (FM) ( .1% total body FM) were available for 89.7% of in-season matches compared with 80.7% for players with higher relative FM ( .1% total body FM). Subsequently, players with higher relative FM had 3.3–3.5 times greater odds of missing one game to injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–11.14 p ≤ 0.05) and missing 2 or more games to injury (OR = 3.50 95% CI = 1.20–10.20 p ≤ 0.05) throughout a season compared with players with lower relative FM. Higher proportions of fat mass may accelerate the onset of fatigue and place players at a greater risk of injury. Reducing players' FM across the preseason phase should be a key aim for practitioners to reduce the odds of injury throughout the competitive season.
Effect of Exercise Adjunct to Radiation and Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Patient-Reported Treatment Toxicity in Men With Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Responses of IGF-I to endogenous increases in growth hormone after heavy-resistance exercise
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 10-1995
Prostate cancer survivorship essentials framework: guidelines for practitioners
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/BJU.15159
Abstract: To develop contemporary and inclusive prostate cancer survivorship guidelines for the Australian setting. A four‐round iterative policy Delphi was used, with a 47‐member expert panel that included leaders from key Australian and New Zealand clinical and community groups and consumers from erse backgrounds, including LGBTQIA people and those from regional, rural and urban settings. The first three rounds were undertaken using an online survey (94–96% response) followed by a fourth final face‐to‐face panel meeting. Descriptors for men’s current prostate cancer survivorship experience were generated, along with survivorship elements that were assessed for importance and feasibility. From these, survivorship domains were generated for consideration. Six key descriptors for men’s current prostate cancer survivorship experience that emerged were: dealing with side effects challenging medically focused uncoordinated unmet needs and anxious. In all, 26 survivorship elements were identified within six domains: health promotion and advocacy shared management vigilance personal agency care coordination and evidence‐based survivorship interventions. Consensus was high for all domains as being essential. All elements were rated high on importance but consensus was mixed for feasibility. Seven priorities were derived for immediate action. The policy Delphi allowed a uniquely inclusive expert clinical and community group to develop prostate cancer survivorship domains that extend beyond traditional healthcare parameters. These domains provide guidance for policymakers, clinicians, community and consumers on what is essential for step change in prostate cancer survivorship outcomes.
Time to consider the potential role of alternative resistance training methods in cancer management?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
The relationship between dynamic, isokinetic and isometric strength and bone mineral density in a population of 45 to 65 year old women
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1999
Evaluation of a lower-body compression garment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Immediate versus delayed exercise in men initiating androgen deprivation: effects on bone density and soft tissue composition
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/BJU.14505
Long-Term Power Performance of Elite Australian Rules Football Players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0B013E31818753CA
Abstract: Measuring and tracking performance variables such as peak power output is essential for assessing the effects of training and for informing adjustments to optimize program design. The purpose of this study was to track the long-term changes in muscular power, velocity, and jump height of elite Australian Rules Football (ARF) players during a 3-year period. Twelve members of an ARF team were tracked during the study. The physical characteristics of the subjects were age, 25.3 6 2.8 years body mass, 93.0 6 6.8 kg and height, 192 6 6 cm. The subjects performed unweighted and weighted (40 kg) countermovement jumps (CMJ) and static jumps (SJ). Peak power, jump height, and bar velocity were determined using a force plate and position transducer.Measures of peak power output during both the CMJ and SJ indicated significant (p# 0.001) increases of 13% (effect size [ES] = 0.70) and 17% (ES = 1.77), respectively, during the course of the tracking period. There was also a significant 9% (ES = 0.71) increase in CMJ40 peak power. The subjects' CMJ peak velocity improved by 10.7% (ES = 0.34), and SJ peak velocity improved by 12.6% (ES = 0.37). The data from this study show that elite-level ARF players can continue to increase muscular power and velocity. This information is of interest to strength and conditioning coaches who are interested in improving power performance of their athletes for a long-term period.
Acute hormone responses to heavy resistance lower and upper extremity exercise in young versus old men
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1998
Kinetics-Controlled Super-Assembly of Asymmetric Porous and Hollow Carbon Nanoparticles as Light-Sensitive Smart Nanovehicles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-01-2022
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.1C10391
Abstract: The rational design and controllable synthesis of hollow nanoparticles with both a mesoporous shell and an asymmetric architecture are crucially desired yet still significant challenges. In this work, a kinetics-controlled interfacial super-assembly strategy is developed, which is capable of preparing asymmetric porous and hollow carbon (APHC) nanoparticles through the precise regulation of polymerization and assembly rates of two kinds of precursors. In this method, Janus resin and silica hybrid (RSH) nanoparticles are first fabricated through the kinetics-controlled competitive nucleation and assembly of two precursors. Specifically, silica nanoparticles are initially formed, and the resin nanoparticles are subsequently formed on one side of the silica nanoparticles, followed by the co-assembly of silica and resin on the other side of the silica nanoparticles. The APHC nanoparticles are finally obtained via high-temperature carbonization of RSH nanoparticles and elimination of silica. The erratic asymmetrical, hierarchical porous and hollow structure and excellent photothermal performance under 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light endow the APHC nanoparticles with the ability to serve as fuel-free nanomotors with NIR-light-driven propulsion. Upon illumination by NIR light, the photothermal effect of the APHC shell causes both self-thermophoresis and jet driving forces, which propel the APHC nanomotor. Furthermore, with the assistance of phase change materials, such APHC nanoparticles can be employed as smart vehicles that can achieve on-demand release of drugs with a 980 nm NIR laser. As a proof of concept, we apply this APHC-based therapeutic system in cancer treatment, which shows improved anticancer performance due to the synergy of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. In brief, this kinetics-controlled approach may put forward new insight into the design and synthesis of functional materials with unique structures, properties, and applications by adjusting the assembly rates of multiple precursors in a reaction system.
Usability, Acceptability, and Safety Analysis of a Computer-Tailored Web-Based Exercise Intervention (ExerciseGuide) for Individuals With Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Multi-Methods Laboratory-Based Stu
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 07-03-2021
Abstract: igital health interventions such as tailored websites are emerging as valuable tools to provide in idualized exercise and behavioral change information for in iduals diagnosed with cancer. he aim of this study is to investigate and iteratively refine the acceptability and usability of a web-based exercise intervention ( i ExerciseGuide /i ) for men with metastatic prostate cancer and determine how well in iduals can replicate the video-based exercise prescription. laboratory-based multi-methods design was used, incorporating questionnaires, think-aloud tests, interviews, and movement screening among 11 men aged 63 to 82 years with metastatic prostate cancer. Overall, 9 participants were undergoing androgen deprivation therapy, and 2 were completing chemotherapy. Data were collected in two waves, with changes made for quality improvement after participant 5. he intervention’s usability score was deemed moderate overall but improved after modifications (from 60, SD 2.9 to 69.6, SD 2.2 out of 100). Overall, the participants found the intervention acceptable, with scores improving from wave 1 (24.2, SD 1.1 out of 30) to wave 2 (26.3, SD 2.1 out of 30). The personalized multimodal exercise prescription and computer-tailored education were seen as valuable. After wave 1, website navigation videos were added, medical terminology was simplified, and a telehealth component was included after expert real-time telehealth support was requested. Wave 2 changes included the added variety for aerobic exercise modes, reduced computer-tailoring question loads, and improved consistency of style and grammar. Finally, the participants could replicate the resistance exercise videos to a satisfactory level as judged by the movement screen however, additional technique cueing within the videos is recommended to address safety concerns. he acceptability and usability of i ExerciseGuide /i were deemed satisfactory. Various problems were identified and resolved. Notably, the participants requested the inclusion of personalized expert support through telehealth. The resistance training algorithms were shown to provide appropriate content safely, and the users could replicate the exercise technique unaided to a satisfactory level. This study has optimized the i ExerciseGuide /i intervention for further investigation in this population. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12618001978257 anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618001978257
Why exercise has a crucial role in cancer prevention, risk reduction and improved outcomes
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-08-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BMB/LDAB019
Abstract: Exercise is one of several factors known to lower the risk of developing cancer, as well as improve outcomes in patients already diagnosed. People who exercise after cancer have lower rates of cancer complications, treatment toxicities, relapse and improved survival. This review highlights the supportive data and biochemical processes, which explain these potential benefits. PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane libraries were searched for papers which addressed the effects of exercise and physical activity on cancer for this review. The search terms used were physical activity, exercise and cancer up to February 2021. We also referred to the background research required for international exercise intervention study involving men with prostate cancer (INTERVAL-GAP4) and scrutinized references within the robust papers published on this subject to ensure we did not miss any clinically studies. One hundred and eighty eight papers were included. Exercise programmes mitigate many of the complications and risks associated with cancer, particularly thromboembolism, fatigue, weight gain, arthralgia, cognitive impairment and depression. Molecular and biomarker changes, resulting from exercise, suggest that exercise elicits beneficial changes in insulin-related pathways, down-regulates inflammation and serum oestrogen levels, and enhances oxidative, immune and cellular repair pathways. Nonetheless, the evidence remains preliminary. The timing, intensity and challenges of prehabilitation, adjunct and rehabilitation exercise programmes are being increasingly understood but their implementation remains sporadic. More robust clinical trial data are needed to substantiate a causal effect of exercise on overall and cancer-specific survival. These studies are ongoing. Research evaluating the most cost-efficient ways of incorporating prehabilitation, adjunct and rehabilitation programmes into routine practice would be helpful to funding bodies and health care strategists.
Three-dimensional quantification of human standing posture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1994
Changes in Muscle Hypertrophy in Women with Periodized Resistance Training
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2004
Changes in myosin heavy chain composition with heavy resistance training in 60- to 75-year-old men and women
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-02-2001
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in the vastus lateralis muscle from elderly men and women, and to determine whether heavy resistance training influences its expression. Twenty healthy, mildly physically active subjects gave their informed consent to participate in the study. The experimental group consisted of seven men and seven women [mean (SD) age 65.5 (4.1) years] and the control group consisted of three men and three women [mean (SD) age 62.3 (3.6) years]. The 6-month resistance training program was ided into two phases with weeks 1-12 consisting of high-intensity resistance training, and weeks 13-24 involving power training. Muscle biopsy s les were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle at week 0 and week 24 using the needle biopsy technique. The male and female experimental groups both exhibited a significant decrease (P < or = 0.05) in the percentage of MHC IIb, while the experimental female group also demonstrated a significant increase (P < or = 0.05) in the expression of MHC IIa, after 24 weeks of heavy resistance training. There was no change in MHC expression within the control group. The male [130.4 (25.3) kg vs 171.1 (30.5) kg] and female [58.2 (8.3) kg vs 77.9 (11.1) kg] experimental groups exhibited a significant increase (P < or = 0.05) in the maximal strength values for the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat exercise. The control group showed no change in strength for the 1RM squat exercise for either the male [115.8 (35.10 kg vs 123.8 (47.2) kg] or female [57.5 (99.0) kg vs 58.3 (2.9) kg] groups. The results clearly show that elderly subjects undergoing heavy resistance training have the ability to produce a similar shift in the expression of MHC isoforms from MHC IIb to MHC IIa, as has been shown to occur in younger subjects. This highlights the plasticity of human skeletal muscle in response to heavy resistance training, even at older ages.
Review of exercise intervention studies in cancer patients
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 02-2005
Abstract: To present an overview of exercise interventions in cancer patients during and after treatment and evaluate dose-training response considering type, frequency, volume, and intensity of training along with expected physiological outcomes. The review is ided into studies that incorporated cardiovascular training, combination of cardiovascular, resistance, and flexibility training, and resistance training alone during and after cancer management. Criteria for inclusion were based on studies sourced from electronic and nonelectronic databases and that incorporated preintervention and postintervention assessment with statistical analysis of data. Twenty-six published studies were summarized. The majority of the studies demonstrate physiological and psychological benefits. However, most of these studies suffer limitations because they are not randomized controlled trials and/or use small s le sizes. Predominantly, studies have been conducted with breast cancer patients using cardiovascular training rather than resistance exercise as the exercise modality. Recent evidence supports use of resistance exercise or “anabolic exercise” during cancer management as an exercise mode to counteract side effects of the disease and treatment. Evidence underlines the preliminary positive physiological and psychological benefits from exercise when undertaken during or after traditional cancer treatment. As such, other cancer groups, in addition to those with breast cancer, should also be included in clinical trials to address more specifically dose-response training for this population. Contemporary resistance training designs that provide strong anabolic effects for muscle and bone may have an impact on counteracting some of the side effects of cancer management assisting patients to improve physical function and quality of life.
The Aussie-FIT process evaluation: feasibility and acceptability of a weight loss intervention for men, delivered in Australian Football League settings
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-03-2021
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1890730
Abstract: This process evaluation aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Aussie-FIT, a group-based weight loss intervention for men with overweight and obesity in Australia. Process data and data collected from: (1) six-participant focus groups ( We explored the feasibility and acceptability of program setting and context, recruitment strategies, factors impacting implementation and mechanisms of impact. Recruitment via Australian Football League (AFL) clubs was highly effective 426 men expressed interest within 3 days of advertising, 130 men took part. Program attendance was not consistently recorded by coaches. Coach interviews indicated a 'core group of men' participated in each session (typically 10-12 of 15 men). Program delivery proved feasible in the AFL context. Program acceptability and satisfaction were high. Internalisation of autonomous motives was identified as driving behaviour change. Behaviour change to support maintained weight loss was facilitated through habit formation, goal setting and effective management of multiple goals. Aussie-FIT sets a blueprint for future weight loss interventions that utilise behaviour change strategies and principles of self-determined motivation to support men to lose weight. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000515392. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Uncertainty, conflict and consent: revisiting the futility debate in neurotrauma.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-05-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00701-016-2818-0
Abstract: The concept of futility has been debated for many years, and a precise definition remains elusive. This is not entirely unsurprising given the increasingly complex and evolving nature of modern medicine. Progressively more complex decisions are required when considering increasingly sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Allocating resources appropriately amongst a population whose expectations continue to increase raises a number of ethical issues not least of which are the difficulties encountered when consideration is being given to withholding "life-preserving" treatment. In this discussion we have used decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury as a clinical ex le with which to frame an approach to the concept. We have defined those issues that initially lead us to consider futility and thereafter actually provoke a significant discussion. We contend that these issues are uncertainty, conflict and consent. We then examine recent scientific advances in outcome prediction that may address some of the uncertainty and perhaps help achieve consensus amongst stakeholders. Whilst we do not anticipate that this re-framing of the idea of futility is applicable to all medical situations, the approach to specify patient-centred benefit may assist those making such decisions when patients are incompetent to participate.
Detraining Produces Minimal Changes in Physical Performance and Hormonal Variables in Recreationally Strength-Trained Men
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2002
Potential Role of Exercise Induced Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate Cancer Suppression
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-09-2021
Abstract: Physical exercise is increasingly recognized as a valuable treatment strategy in managing prostate cancer, not only enhancing supportive care but potentially influencing disease outcomes. However, there are limited studies investigating mechanisms of the tumor-suppressive effect of exercise. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a therapeutic target for cancer as tumor-derived EVs have the potential to promote metastatic capacity by transferring oncogenic proteins, integrins, and microRNAs to other cells and EVs are also involved in developing drug resistance. Skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine organ, releasing EVs into the circulation, and levels of EV-containing factors have been shown to increase in response to exercise. Moreover, preclinical studies have demonstrated the tumor-suppressive effect of protein and microRNA contents in skeletal muscle-derived EVs in various cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we review current knowledge of the tumor-derived EVs in prostate cancer progression and metastasis, the role of exercise in skeletal muscle-derived EVs circulating levels and the alteration of their contents, and the potential tumor-suppressive effect of skeletal muscle-derived EV contents in prostate cancer. In addition, we review the proposed mechanism of exercise in the uptake of skeletal muscle-derived EVs in prostate cancer.
Feasibility and efficacy of a multicomponent exercise medicine programme in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (the EXPAN trial): study protocol of a dual-centre, two-armed phase I randomised controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJGAST-2021-000642
Abstract: Exercise is emerging as a therapy in oncology for its physical and psychosocial benefits and potential effects on chemotherapy tolerability and efficacy. However, evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) supporting exercise in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (PanCa) undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) are lacking. The EXPAN trial is a dual-centre, two-armed, phase I RCT. Forty patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced PanCa undergoing NAT will be randomised equally to an exercise intervention group (in idualised exercise+standard NAT) or a usual care control group (standard NAT). The exercise intervention will be supervised and consist of moderate to vigorous intensity resistance and aerobic-based training undertaken two times a week for 45–60 min per session for a maximum period of 6 months. The primary outcome is feasibility. Secondary outcomes are patient-related and treatment-related endpoints, objectively measured physical function, body composition, psychological health and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, prior to potential alteration of treatment (~4 months postbaseline), at completion of the intervention (maximum 6 months postbaseline) and 3-month and 6-month postintervention (maximum 9 and 12 months postbaseline). The EXPAN trial has been approved by Edith Cowan University (reference no.: 2020-02011-LUO), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (reference no.: RGS 03956) and St John of God Subiaco Hospital (reference no.: 1726). The study results will be presented at national/international conferences and submitted for publications in peer-reviewed journals. ACTRN12620001081909.
Female Collegiate Windmill Pitchers: Influences to Injury Incidence
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2004
Exercise in prevention and management of cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S11864-008-0065-1
Abstract: Regular and vigorous physical exercise has been scientifically established as providing strong preventative medicine against cancer with the potential to reduce incidence by 40%. The effect is strongest for breast and colorectal cancer however, evidence is accumulating for the protective influence on prostate cancer, although predominantly for more advanced disease and in older men. Following cancer diagnosis, exercise prescription can have very positive benefits for improving surgical outcomes, reducing symptom experience, managing side effects of radiation and chemotherapy, improving psychological health, maintaining physical function, and reducing fat gain and muscle and bone loss. There is now irrefutable evidence from large prospective studies that regular exercise postdiagnosis will actually increase survivorship by 50%-60% with the strongest evidence currently for breast and colorectal cancers. In our work with prostate cancer patients, we have found that exercise can limit or even reverse some of the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) adverse effects by increasing muscle mass, functional performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness without elevating testosterone levels. Hormone therapies for breast and prostate cancer can result in alarmingly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Increasingly, patients are questioning the benefit of some cancer treatments as the risk of morbidity and mortality from other chronic diseases begins to outweigh the initial cancer diagnosis. Over three decades of research in exercise science and many hundreds of RCTs demonstrate the efficacy of appropriate physical activity for preventing and managing these secondary diseases. Based on this evidence it is now clear to us that exercise is a critical adjuvant therapy in the management of many cancers and will greatly enhance the therapeutic effects of traditional radiation and pharmaceutical treatments by increasing tolerance, reducing side effects, and lowering risk of chronic diseases, even those not aggravated by cancer treatment. While patients and their clinicians deal with their cancer, other chronic disease mechanisms continue unabated. Anxiety, depression, poor nutritional choices, and a counterproductive rest strategy will accelerate these processes, while a well-designed exercise program adhered to by the patient and supported by the medical and exercise professionals will effectively control and even reverse these diseases and disabilities. In the wide range of cancer populations that we work with, both young and old and with curative and palliative intent, our overwhelming experience is that exercise is first well tolerated, and benefits the patientpsychologically and physically. While some of our patients are on in idual, home-based programs, we find that small group exercise sessions with close supervision by Exercise Physiologists (EP) provides a more motivating setting and the social interaction is critical for adherence and retention as well as greater psychological benefits such as reduced anxiety and depression and enhanced social connectedness. While managing many hundreds of cancer patients over the last 6 years, our clinic has not experienced any instances of the exercise hindering patient recovery or treatment purpose, nor have any significant injuries occurred. However, it is critical that the exercise prescription and management be tailored to the in idual patient and that they are monitored by appropriately trained and professionally accredited exercise specialists. For those patients at low exercise risk and without significant musculoskeletal issues, community-based physical activity is of excellent benefit where the emphasis should be on adherence, affordability, convenience, and enjoyment.
Effects of Physical Conditioning on Intercollegiate Golfer Performance
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-17725.1
Reliability of traditional and fractal dimension measures of quiet stance center of pressure in young, healthy people
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2005.05.014
Abstract: To assess reliability of traditional and fractal dimension measures of quiet stance center of pressure (COP). Cross-sectional study. University laboratory. Thirty young healthy men (n=20) and women (n=10) (mean age, 23 y). Not applicable. COP was recorded for 3 trials across 4 conditions: eyes open and eyes closed standing on firm and foam surfaces. Traditional COP variables--peak sway velocity and range of sway, both in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, and total excursion area, and fractal dimension of the COP in the AP and ML directions--were calculated. Reliability statistics were calculated. Range of sway (AP) was the most reliable traditional variable (intraclass correlation coefficient model 2,1 [ICC(2,1)] range -.28 to .72.). Peak sway velocity (AP) had poorest reliability (ICC(2,1) range, .05-.29). Only 1 of the traditional variables had excellent reliability total excursion area (firm, eyes closed) (ICC(2,1)=.95). All bar 1 fractal dimension measures had excellent ICCs. Relative technical error of measurement ranged from 4% to 7% for the fractal dimension measures. Coefficients of variation were also very good, ranging from 1.8% to 6.7%. Fractal dimension measures were more reliable than traditional measures of COP. Although traditional measures are used extensively to assess COP, their reliability is questionable. Fractal dimension measures show promise to reliably quantify COP and warrant further investigation.
Acute Floatation-REST Improves Perceived Recovery After a High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Stress in Trained Men
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-04-2022
Feasibility, safety, and acceptability of a remotely monitored exercise pilot CHAMP: A Clinical trial of High‐intensity Aerobic and resistance exercise for Metastatic castrate‐resistant Prostate cance
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-10-2021
DOI: 10.1002/CAM4.4324
Modern Theories of Strength and Power Training for Men and Women
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-02-2021
Skeletal muscle morphology in patients receiving primary versus interval cytoreductive surgery for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 23-05-2023
Abstract: Our primary aim was to compare muscle morphology (skeletal muscle mass and density) between patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery versus interval cytoreductive surgery for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Secondarily, we explored the associations of muscle morphology with survival outcomes. We retrospectively analysed computed tomography (CT) images for 88 ovarian cancer patients (aged 38–89 years) to calculate skeletal muscle index (cm 2 /m 2 ) and skeletal muscle density (Hounsfield units (HU)). A skeletal muscle index of .5 cm 2 /m 2 and skeletal muscle density of .7 HU were classified as low. Analyses included repeated measures analysis of covariance and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. At baseline, 44.3% of patients had low skeletal muscle index and 50.6% had low skeletal muscle density, with interval surgery patients having significantly lower mean skeletal muscle density than primary surgery patients (32.2±8.9 vs 37.3±8.6 HU, p=0.014). Although both groups had similar reductions in skeletal muscle index following treatment (p=0.49), primary surgery patients had a greater reduction in skeletal muscle density compared with interval surgery patients (−2.4 HU, 95% CI −4.3 to −0.5, p=0.016). Patients who experienced skeletal muscle density loss % during treatment (HR 5.16, 95% CI 1.33 to 20.02) and had low skeletal muscle density post-treatment (HR 58.87, 95% CI 3.70 to 935.68) had significantly worse overall survival. Low skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density were prevalent at ovarian cancer diagnosis. While both groups experienced muscle mass loss, greater reductions in skeletal muscle density occurred in patients undergoing primary surgery. In addition, skeletal muscle density loss during treatment and low skeletal muscle density post-treatment were associated with poorer overall survival. Supportive care involving resistance exercise targeting muscle hypertrophic drive, and nutrition counseling during and after ovarian cancer treatment may help preserve/enhance muscle mass and density.
Influence of load and stretch shortening cycle on the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation that occurs during explosive upper-body movements
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1997
Abstract: Although explosive power in lower-body movements has been extensively studied, there is a paucity of research examining such movements in the upper body. This study aimed to investigate the influence of load and the stretch shortening cycle (SSC) on the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation that occurs during maximal effort throws. A total of 17 male subjects performed SSC and concentric only (CO) bench throws using loads of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90% and 100% of their previously determined one repetition maximum bench press. The displacement, velocity, acceleration, force and power output as well as the electromyogram (EMG) from pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and triceps brachii were recorded for each throw. The results were compared using multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures. A criterion alpha level of P < or = 0.05 was used. Similar force velocity power relationships were determined for this multijoint upper-body movement as has been found for isolated muscles, single joint movements, and vertical jumping. The highest power output was produced at the 30% [563 (104) W] and 45% [560 (86) W] loads during the SSC throws. Force output increased as a function of load however, even the lighter loads resulted in considerable force due to the high accelerations produced. Average velocity, average and peak force, and average and peak power output were significantly higher for the SSC throws compared to the CO throws. However, peak velocity and height thrown were not potentiated by performing the pre-stretch because the duration and range of movement allowed the ability of the muscle to generate force at high shortening velocities to dominate the resulting throw. As such, explosive movements involving longer concentric actions than experienced during brief SSC movements may be limited by the ability of the muscle to produce force during fast contraction velocities.
Influence of Compression Garments on Vertical Jump Performance in NCAA Division I Volleyball Players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-1996
Association between Energy Balance-Related Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-09-2022
Abstract: Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence in patients with ovarian cancer at diagnosis and/or during first-line treatment on (i) the association of body weight, body composition, diet, exercise, sedentary behavior, or physical fitness with clinical outcomes and (ii) the effect of exercise and/or dietary interventions. Methods: Risk of bias assessments and best-evidence syntheses were completed. Meta-analyses were performed when ≥3 papers presented point estimates and variability measures of associations or effects. Results: Body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was not significantly associated with survival. Although the following trends were not supported by the best-evidence syntheses, the meta-analyses revealed that a higher BMI was associated with a higher risk of post-surgical complications (n = 5, HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06–2.51, p = 0.030), a higher muscle mass was associated with a better progression-free survival (n = 3, HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–1.91, p = 0.030) and a higher muscle density was associated with a better overall survival (n = 3, HR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.62–2.79, p 0.001). Muscle measures were not significantly associated with surgical or chemotherapy-related outcomes. Conclusions: The prognostic value of baseline BMI for clinical outcomes is limited, but muscle mass and density may have more prognostic potential. High-quality studies with comprehensive reporting of results are required to improve our understanding of the prognostic value of body composition measures for clinical outcomes. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO identifier CRD42020163058.
Weight loss for overweight and obese patients with prostate cancer: a study protocol of a randomised trial comparing clinic-based versus Telehealth delivered EXercise and nutrition intervention (the T
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-058899
Abstract: Obese men with prostate cancer have an increased risk of biochemical recurrence, metastatic disease and mortality. For those undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), substantial increases in fat mass are observed in the first year of treatment. Recently, we showed that a targeted supervised clinic-based exercise and nutrition intervention can result in a substantial reduction in fat mass with muscle mass preserved in ADT-treated patients. However, the intervention needs to be accessible to all patients and not just those who can access a supervised clinic-based programme. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth delivered compared with supervised clinic-based delivered exercise and nutrition intervention in overweight/obese patients with prostate cancer. A single-blinded, two-arm parallel group, non-inferiority randomised trial will be undertaken with 104 overweight/obese men with prostate cancer (body fat percentage ≥25%) randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1 to a telehealth-delivered, virtually supervised exercise and nutrition programme or a clinic-based, face-to-face supervised exercise and nutrition programme. Exercise will consist of supervised resistance and aerobic exercise performed three times a week plus additional self-directed aerobic exercise performed 4 days/week for the first 6 months. Thereafter, for months 7–12, the programmes will be self-managed. The primary endpoint will be fat mass. Secondary endpoints include lean mass and abdominal aortic calcification, anthropometric measures and blood pressure assessment, objective measures of physical function and physical activity levels, patient-reported outcomes and blood markers. Measurements will be undertaken at baseline, 6 months (post intervention), and at 12 months of follow-up. Data will be analysed using intention-to-treat and per protocol approaches. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Edith Cowan University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 2021–02157-GALVAO). Outcomes from the study will be published in academic journals and presented in scientific and consumer meetings. ACTRN12621001312831.
Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in Australian baby boomers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-021-11578-Y
Abstract: Chronic medical conditions accumulate within in iduals with age. However, knowledge concerning the trends, patterns and determinants of multimorbidity remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity using extensive in idual phenotyping in a general population of Australian middle-aged adults. Participants ( n = 5029, 55% female), born between 1946 and 1964 and attending the cross-sectional phase of the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS) between 2010 and 2015, were studied. Prevalence of 21 chronic conditions was estimated using clinical measurement, validated instrument scores and/or self-reported doctor-diagnosis. Non-random patterns of multimorbidity were explored using observed/expected (O/E) prevalence ratios and latent class analysis (LCA). Variables associated with numbers of conditions and class of multimorbidity were investigated. The in idual prevalence of 21 chronic conditions ranged from 2 to 54% and multimorbidity was common with 73% of the cohort having 2 or more chronic conditions. (mean ± SD 2.75 ± 1.84, median = 2.00, range 0–13). The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking and family history of asthma, diabetes, myocardial infarct or cancer. There were 13 pairs and 27 triplets of conditions identified with a prevalence 1.5% and O/E 1.5. Of the triplets, arthritis ( 50%), bowel disease ( 33%) and depression-anxiety ( 33%) were observed most commonly. LCA modelling identified 4 statistically and clinically distinct classes of multimorbidity labelled as: 1) “Healthy” (70%) with average of 1.95 conditions 2) “Respiratory and Atopy” (11%, 3.65 conditions) 3) “Non-cardiometabolic” (14%, 4.77 conditions), and 4) “Cardiometabolic” (5%, 6.32 conditions). Predictors of multimorbidity class membership differed between classes and differed from predictors of number of co-occurring conditions. Multimorbidity is common among middle-aged adults from a general population. Some conditions associated with ageing such as arthritis, bowel disease and depression-anxiety co-occur in clinically distinct patterns and at higher prevalence than expected by chance. These findings may inform further studies into shared biological and environmental causes of co-occurring conditions of ageing. Recognition of distinct patterns of multimorbidity may aid in a holistic approach to care management in in iduals presenting with multiple chronic conditions, while also guiding health resource allocation in ageing populations.
Sport Medicine in the Prevention and Management of Cancer
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2019
Abstract: Physical inactivity is a major concern in cancer patients despite the established preventative and therapeutic effects of regular physical exercise for this patient group. Sport not only plays an important role in supporting the development and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle but also is increasingly used as a health promotion activity in various populations. Nevertheless, the potential of sport as an effective strategy in the prevention and management of cancer has gained little attention. Based on the scant evidence to date, participation of cancer patients in supervised, well-tailored sport programs appears to be safe and feasible and is associated with an array of physical and psychological benefits. We propose that sport participation may serve as an alternative strategy in the prevention of cancer and sport medicine in the management of cancer. As with the traditional exercise modes, benefits derived from sport participation will be dependent on the sport undertaken and the physical hysiological, motor, and cognitive demands required. To this end, further work is required to develop a solid evidence base in this field so that targeted sport participation can be recommended for cancer patients.
Resistance Training Load Effects on Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Gain: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 26-12-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002585
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) performed until volitional failure with low, moderate, and high loads on muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength in healthy adults and to assess the possible participant-, design-, and training-related covariates that may affect the adaptations. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Including only studies that performed sets to volitional failure, the effects of low- ( repetitions maximum (RM)), moderate- (9–15 RM), and high-load (≤8 RM) RTs were examined in healthy adults. Network meta-analysis was undertaken to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between RT loads in overall and subgroup analyses involving studies deemed of high quality. Associations between participant-, design-, and training-related covariates with SMD were assessed by univariate and multivariate network meta-regression analyses. Twenty-eight studies involving 747 healthy adults were included. Although no differences in muscle hypertrophy between RT loads were found in overall ( P = 0.113–0.469) or subgroup analysis ( P = 0.871–0.995), greater effects were observed in untrained participants ( P = 0.033) and participants with some training background who undertook more RT sessions ( P = 0.031–0.045). Muscle strength improvement was superior for both high-load and moderate-load compared with low-load RT in overall and subgroup analysis (SMD, 0.60–0.63 and 0.34–0.35, respectively P 0.001–0.003), with a nonsignificant but superior effect for high compared with moderate load (SMD, 0.26–0.28, P = 0.068). Although muscle hypertrophy improvements seem to be load independent, increases in muscle strength are superior in high-load RT programs. Untrained participants exhibit greater muscle hypertrophy, whereas undertaking more RT sessions provides superior gains in those with previous training experience.
On “The Basics of Training for Muscle Size and Strength”
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2020
An In-Depth Sports Medicine Profile of Women College Tennis Players
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-1995
DOI: 10.1123/JSR.4.2.79
Nutrition care guidelines for men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: do we have enough evidence?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-018-0099-9
Abstract: To review the evidence available to support clinical practice guidelines for dietary interventions aimed at mitigating the side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer, and to identify future research priorities. An analytical model was designed to select and interpret evidence for the effect of dietary interventions on ADT side effects. Key terms identified articles that investigated dietary interventions to mitigate ADT side effects among men treated for prostate cancer. Medline, Embase, Proquest, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, and PubMed were searched from inception through June, 2018. Clinical trial registries were also searched for up-to-date study protocols. Articles were not restricted on design. Methodological quality was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria, each with distinct dietary interventions. Twelve studies used interventions that combined diet with physical activity and/or medication and/or counselling. Four articles examined the effect of diet alone on ADT side effects. Of those, three articles measured changes to participants' dietary intake and influence on ADT side effects. One article showed daily caffeinated beverages improved cancer-related fatigue. Two articles showed no impact of isoflavone supplementation on hot flushes, quality of life, body mass index, or blood lipids. Dietary intake and compliance was poorly reported across all studies limiting knowledge of acceptability and feasibility for dietary interventions. Information on the nutrition care practices and views of clinicians treating men for prostate cancer is limited. No articles measured the impact of diet on long-term ADT side effects. Methodological quality of included papers ranged from weak to strong. Current evidence for dietary interventions to mitigate ADT side effects is limited. Further investigations are warranted to explore the impact of changes in dietary intake on ADT side effects before practice guidelines can be considered.
The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
Aspects of formal volunteering that contribute to favourable psychological outcomes in older adults
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2022
Associations of fat and muscle mass with overall survival in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-021-00442-0
Abstract: To systematically review and analyse the associations between fat and muscle mass measures with overall survival in men with prostate cancer. A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2020, while abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) conferences were searched from 2014 to 2020. Eligible articles examined the association of body composition measures, such as fat mass (e.g., fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures, with overall survival in prostate cancer patients at any treatment stage. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting multivariable or univariable analysis assessing the associations of fat mass measures (i.e., fat mass, VAT, SAT, VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures with overall survival. Sixteen cohort studies that comprised 4807 men with prostate cancer were included. Total adiposity (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75–1.28, p = 0.888) and VAT (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.74–1.43, p = 0.873) were not significantly associated with overall survival, while higher subcutaneous adipose tissue levels were associated with higher survival (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.84, p = 0.001). Greater mortality risk was found in patients with localised (HR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.40–2.62, p 0.001) and advanced disease (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07–1.92, p = 0.020) presenting with low levels of muscle mass compared to those presenting with high levels. These results indicate that although overall adiposity should be cautiously interpreted in regards to survival, high muscle mass and SAT, and low VAT/SAT ratio values are associated with overall survival in men with prostate cancer.
Efficacy of a weight loss program prior to robot assisted radical prostatectomy in overweight and obese men with prostate cancer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Physiological Changes with Periodized Resistance Training in Women Tennis Players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2003
Associations of Physical Activity and Exercise with Health-related Outcomes in Patients with Melanoma During and After Treatment: A Systematic Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/15347354211040757
Abstract: Although exercise medicine is recommended to counter treatment-related side-effects and improve health-related outcomes of patients affected by different cancers, no specific recommendations exist for patients with melanoma. As a result, we systematically examined the current evidence regarding the effects of physical activity and exercise on objectively-measured and patient-reported outcomes among patients with melanoma. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. This review included published data involving physical activity or exercise and objectively-measured or patient-reported outcomes of patients with cutaneous melanoma. The quality of included studies was assessed using the McMaster University Critical Appraisal Tool for Quantitative Studies. Six studies including 882 patients with melanoma were included. Studies presented heterogeneity of design with 2 cross-sectional surveys, 2 retrospective analyses, and 2 non-randomized intervention trials. No statistically significant change in quality of life, fatigue, physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, psychological distress, cognitive function, or treatment-related side-effects were attributable to physical activity or exercise. Importantly, physical activity or exercise during melanoma treatment or into survivorship did not adversely impact patients/survivors. In summary, physical activity or exercise did not adversely impact quality of life, objectively-measured or patient-reported outcomes in patients with melanoma. In addition, there is a paucity of quality studies examining the effects of physical activity or exercise on patients with melanoma throughout the cancer care continuum.
Exercise in advanced prostate cancer elevates myokine levels and suppresses in-vitro cell growth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-022-00504-X
Abstract: Altering the systemic milieu through exercise has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying exercise-driven tumour suppression. It is not yet known whether men with advanced prostate cancer can elicit such adaptations following a program of exercise. The purpose is to examine myokine levels of serum acquired from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients recruited to the INTERVAL-GAP4 trial before and after 6 months of exercise and its tumour-suppressive effect. Twenty-five men with mCRPC (age = 74.7 ± 7.1 yrs) were randomised to supervised multimodal (aerobic and resistance) exercise (EX) or self-directed exercise control group (CON). Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and fasting blood in a rested state was collected at baseline and at 6 months. Serum levels of myokines (SPARC, OSM, decorin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3) were measured. Serum was applied to the prostate cancer cell line DU145, and growth was assessed for 72 h. No significant change in body composition was observed. Adjusted serum OSM ( P = 0.050) and relative OSM ( P = 0.083), serum SPARC ( P = 0.022) and relative SPARC ( P = 0.025) increased in EX compared to CON. The area under curve (AUC) over 72 h showed a significant reduction in DU145 growth after applying post-intervention serum from the EX vs CON ( P = 0.029). Elevated myokine expressions and greater tumour-suppressive effects of serum after 6 months of periodised and autoregulated supervised exercise was observed in men with mCRPC. Exercise-induced systemic changes may slow disease progression in men with advanced prostate cancer.
Device assessed activity behaviours in patients with indwelling pleural catheter: A sub‐study of the Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)‐2 randomized trial
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/RESP.14451
Abstract: Device‐assessed activity behaviours are a novel measure for comparing intervention outcomes in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)‐2 was a multi‐centre clinical trial where participants with MPE treated with an indwelling pleural catheter were randomized to daily (DD) or symptom‐guided (SGD) drainage for 60‐days. Our aim was to describe activity behaviour patterns in MPE patients, explore the impact of drainage regimen on activity behaviours and examine associations between activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL). Following randomization to DD or SGD, participants enrolled at the lead site (Perth) completed accelerometry assessment. This was repeated monthly for 5‐months. Activity behaviour outcomes were calculated as percent of daily waking‐wear time and compared between groups (Mann–Whitney U test Median [IQR]). Correlations between activity behaviour outcomes and QoL were examined. Forty‐one (91%) participants provided ≥1 valid accelerometry assessment (DD n = 20, SGD n = 21). Participants spent a large proportion of waking hours sedentary (72%–74% across timepoints), and very little time in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity ( % across timepoints). Compared to SGD group, DD group had a more favourable sedentary‐to‐light ratio in the week following randomization (2.4 [2.0–3.4] vs. 3.2 [2.4–6.1] p = 0.047) and at 60‐days (2.0 [1.9–2.9] vs. 2.9 [2.8–6.0] p = 0.016). Sedentary‐to‐light ratio was correlated with multiple QoL domains at multiple timepoints. Patients with MPE are largely sedentary. Preliminary results suggest that even modest differences in activity behaviours favouring the DD group could be meaningful for this clinical population. Accelerometry reflects QoL and is a useful outcome measure in MPE populations.
Development of a scale assessing retired older adults’ attitudes to volunteering
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12907
Abstract: Given positive attitudes to volunteering are likely to be associated with support for volunteering and in idual participation, this study aimed to develop and test a 10‐item ‘attitudes to formal volunteering’ scale for retired older adults that could be used to inform intervention efforts. A s le of 801 Australian retirees (62% female mean age: 71.9 years) completed a survey that included the attitude scale, demographic items and questions assessing engagement in volunteering. A principal component analysis identified two factors (general attitude to volunteering and attitude to participating in volunteering) that together accounted for 64% of the variance in attitude scores. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated the two‐factor model was an excellent fit to the data. Cronbach's alphas for both factors were .80, and both were positively associated with volunteering engagement. The proposed scale is a potentially useful instrument for measuring attitudes to volunteering among retired older adults.
Real-time Image-guided Adaptive-predictive Prostate Radiotherapy using Rectal Diameter as a Predictor of Motion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLON.2016.09.019
Abstract: To investigate a relationship between maximum rectal diameter (MRD) on pre-treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intra-fraction prostate motion, in the context of an adaptive image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) method. The MRD was measured on 2125 CBCTs from 55 retrospective patient datasets and related to prostate displacement from intra-fraction imaging. A linear regression model was developed to determine a threshold MRD associated with a high probability of small prostate displacement. Standard and reduced adaptive margin plans were created to compare rectum and bladder normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) with each method. A per-protocol analysis carried out on 1910 fractions from 51 patients showed with 90% confidence that for a MRD≤3 cm, prostate displacement will be ≤5 mm and that for a MRD≤3.5 cm, prostate displacement will be ≤5.5 mm. In the first scenario, if adaptive therapy was used instead of standard therapy, median reductions in NTCP for rectum and bladder were 0.5% (from 9.5% to 9%) and 1.3% (from 6.6% to 5.3%), respectively. In the second scenario, the NTCP for rectum and bladder would have median reductions of 1.1% and 2.6%, respectively. We have identified a potential method for adaptive prostate IGRT based upon predicting small prostate intra-fraction motion by measuring MRD on pre-treatment CBCT.
Dynamic Restraint Capacity of the Hamstring Muscles Has Important Functional Implications After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2008.04.027
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between knee functionality of anterior cruciate ligament deficient (ACLD) and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients and hamstring antagonist torque generated during resisted knee extension. Cross-sectional. Laboratory based. Male ACLD subjects (n=10) (18-35 y) and 27 matched males who had undergone ACLR (14 patella tendon [PT] grafts and 13 combined semitendinosus/gracilis tendon grafts). Not applicable. Knee functionality was rated (0- to 100-point scale) by using the Cincinnati Knee Rating System. Using electromyography data from the semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris muscles, we created a mathematical model to estimate the opposing torque generated by the hamstrings during isokinetic knee extension in 10 degrees intervals from 80 degrees to 10 degrees knee flexion. Pearson product-moment correlations revealed that more functional ACLD subjects generated significantly (P<.05) higher hamstring antagonist torque throughout knee extension. In contrast, more functional PT subjects produced significantly lower hamstring antagonist torque at 80 degrees to 70 degrees knee flexion, whereas no significant associations were found between hamstring antagonist torque and knee functionality for the ST/gracilis tendon subjects. An increased hamstring antagonist torque generated by the more functional ACLD subjects, reflective of increased hamstring contractile force, is thought to represent a protective mechanism to compensate for mechanical instability. The restoration of anterior knee stability through ACLR negates the need for augmented hamstring antagonist torque.
Effects of Increased Eccentric Loading On Bench Press 1RM
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2002
Maximum Strength and Strength Training---A Relationship to Endurance?
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2006
How a 7-Week Food Literacy Cooking Program Affects Cooking Confidence and Mental Health: Findings of a Quasi-Experimental Controlled Intervention Trial
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 17-03-2022
Abstract: Obesity and mental health disorders are rising simultaneously with shifting dietary behavior away from home cooking, toward typically nutrition-poor and energy-dense convenience meals. Food literacy strongly influences nutrition choices. Community-based cooking interventions target barriers to healthy eating and facilitate development of food literacy skills, thereby potentially increasing preparation of home-cooked meals and positively influencing health. This study of 657 healthy Australian adults explored the efficacy of a 7-week cooking program in improving cooking confidence, whether this transferred to behavior surrounding food, and/or affected mental health. Significant post-program improvements in cooking confidence and satisfaction (all p & 0.001, η p 2 1.12 large), ability to change eating habits ( p & 0.001) and overcome lifestyle barriers ( p = 0.005) were observed for the intervention group but not control. Participation also improved mental and general health (all p & 0.05, η p 2 0.02 small). No changes were observed for acquisition and consumption of food, or nutrition knowledge in either group. This 7-week cooking program built cooking confidence and improved general and mental health but did not change dietary behavior. To further improve nutrition related behaviors associated with better mental health, more effort is needed to recruit those with below-average nutrition knowledge and interest in cooking.
Patients and carers' perspectives of participating in a pilot tailored exercise program during chemoradiotherapy for high grade glioma: A qualitative study
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13453
Likeability and perceived effectiveness of messages designed to encourage physical activity participation among older adults
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-02-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.578
Abstract: Older adults are significantly less likely than their younger counterparts to engage in physical activity. Comprehensive policies to support healthy ageing thus need to include components encouraging greater participation in physical activity in later life. This study tested potential messages for use in health communication c aigns aimed at increasing physical activity among older adults. Twelve written messages designed to encourage older adults to increase their levels of physical activity were rated by Australians aged 60‐92 years (n = 369 54% female) on the variables of likeability and perceived effectiveness. Ratings for all the tested messages were high across both outcome variables. The message Move more, live longer scored most favourably, with large majorities of participants liking this message (87%) and considering it effective (81%). Messages featuring rhyming or alliteration were rated significantly higher on both outcomes than messages without these attributes (all P s .001). Results provide insights into the types of messages that are likely to be accepted by older adults. Statements that use the phonological patterns of rhyming or alliteration are likely to be especially well received. Increasing participation in physical activity among older adults is critical to promoting the sustainability of health care systems and enhancing quality of life. The specific messaging attributes identified in the present study as being effective could be used by public health practitioners to inform their approach to physical activity messaging to older adults and incorporated into future health communication c aigns to increase their potential effectiveness with this target group.
Further Evidence to Change the Medical Classification System of the National Wheelchair Basketball Association
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1123/APAQ.21.1.63
Exercise intervention and sexual function in advanced prostate cancer: A randomised controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 16-12-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJSPCARE-2020-002706
Abstract: Treatments for prostate cancer such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), surgery and radiation therapy can adversely affect sexual, urinary and bowel function. Preliminary research has demonstrated the efficacy of exercise to preserve sexual function in men with localised prostate cancer receiving ADT, though this has yet to be investigated in a metastatic setting. We examined the effects of a 12-week exercise programme comprising resistance, aerobic and flexibility training on sexual health and function in men with advanced prostate cancer. Patients with prostate cancer (70.0±8.4 year body mass index 28.7±4.0 kg/m 2 ) with bone metastases (rib/thoracic spine, 66.7% lumbar spine, 43.9% pelvis, 75.4% femur, 40.4% humerus, 24.6% other sites, 70.2%) were randomly assigned to supervised exercise 3 days/week (n=28) or usual care (n=29). Sexual health and function were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite and the EORTC-PR25 at baseline and 12 weeks. Patients attended 89% of planned sessions and there were no adverse events. After adjusting for baseline values, there was no significant difference between groups for any measure of sexual function and activity (p .05). Additionally, there was no significant difference between groups for urinary and bowel function assessed by the EORTC-PR25 (p .05). A short-term programme of supervised exercise does not appear to enhance indices of sexual health and function in men with advanced prostate cancer. Limitations of the intervention included the conservative modular exercise programme, which deliberately avoided loading bone metastatic sites. ACTRN12611001158954.
Cardiovascular and metabolic complications during androgen deprivation: Exercise as a potential countermeasure
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-06-2009
DOI: 10.1038/PCAN.2009.12
Abstract: Apart from the well-established adverse musculoskeletal and sexual health effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), evidence is accumulating of substantial ADT-related cardiovascular and metabolic complications, which may impact quality of life and overall survival. In this brief review we discuss (1) the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic complications during/following ADT from large cohort studies, (2) the increased risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease from cross-sectional and prospective studies and (3) the use of physical exercise as a countermeasure in this new era of ADT-related toxicity. It is clear that exercise has the potential to provide a myriad of benefits to men undergoing ADT that may result in reduced morbidity and mortality, and subsequently improve quality of life.
Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 79 Trials
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-11-2022
Abstract: A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD −0.76, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD −0.74, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be in idualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
The effects of progressive resistance training on obstructed-gait tasks in community-living older adults
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1123/JAPA.11.1.98
Abstract: This study examined the effects of improved strength on an obstacle course (OC) simulating gait tasks commonly encountered by community-living older adults. Forty-five adults (mean age 68.2 ± 1.5 years) were randomly assigned to a control (10 women, 5 men) or an experimental group (EXP 19 women, 10 men) and trained 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Using a 1-repetition-maximum (1-RM) method, 6 leg-strength measures were evaluated pre- and posttest. The times to walk an OC of 4 gait tasks (stepping over and across an obstacle, negotiating a raised surface, and foot targeting) set at 3 progressively challenging levels were also assessed. Significant Group × Time interactions were found on all 1-RM tests, with only EXP recording significant improvements (124–147% p .001). Strength gains in EXP were accompanied by significant improvements in the times to negotiate all gait stations and walk the entire OC (6-15% p = .001–.014). This study showed that improving strength is an effective strategy to improve community locomotion, which might decrease the risks of falls in community-living older adults.
Supervised pelvic floor muscle exercise is more effective than unsupervised pelvic floor muscle exercise at improving urinary incontinence in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy–a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-09-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1937717
Abstract: Urinary incontinence is one of the most clinically relevant side effects in the treatment of prostate cancer patients. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the specific exercise effects of supervised versus unsupervised pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) and exercise volume on urinary incontinence status after radical prostatectomy. A systematic data search was performed for studies published from January 2000 to December 2020 using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, SciSearch, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews and Effects. The review was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A random-effects meta-analysis of urinary incontinence remission was performed. The relation between time since surgery and urinary incontinence remission was analyzed using a non-linear dose-response meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 20 randomized controlled trials involving 2188 men ( There is good evidence that the supervised PFME causes a decrease in short-term urinary incontinence rates. Unsupervised PFME has similar effects as no PFME in postoperative urinary incontinence. PFME programs should be implemented as an early rehabilitative measure to improve postoperative short-term urinary incontinence in patients with prostate cancer.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONProstate cancer, surgery, and urinary incontinenceThe surgical treatment of prostate cancer often leads to urinary incontinence.Pelvic floor training leads to a significant improvement of this situation.Exercise therapy support is very important in this context and is even more effective than unsupported training.
The facilitators and barriers to exercise in the Noongar Aboriginal population in Perth, Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-03-2022
Abstract: Indigenous Standpoint Theory forms the epistemological foundation for this study and methodological choices were made within this theoretical framework to ensure culturally responsive research processes that engaged the Indigenous agenda of self-determination and rights. The objectives of this research were to determine: (i) Indigenous perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to exercise (ii) The potential feasibility and sustainability of an exercise intervention. In this context, Participatory Action Research methods were used to design the data-gathering instrument for the study—a questionnaire, co-designed with the Noongar Aboriginal community of Perth, Western Australia. This self-administered questionnaire, distributed to participants by email, post and manual delivery, sought to elicit the factors that impact uptake and retention of regular exercise activities. Questionnaire data included in idual demographic detail and specific question responses on labelled 5 point Likert Scales. Specific question responses were tabulated by Likert Scale label category and the response distribution for each question was enumerated. Simple descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and variance) were used to characterize the data set and the Chi squared test was used to evaluate frequency differences between males and females. A total of 133 participants (71 females) completed the questionnaire. The results indicated that people valued exercise. The most common barriers indicated by participants were exercising with an injury (63%), changing diet (58%), finding time to exercise every day (55%) and exercising the next day with pain from exercising the day before (54%). A larger proportion of males (34%) than females (24%) reported greater ease in finding time to exercise every day (p & 0.05). Facilitators mainly related to the potential social and community benefits of exercising with other people, preferably in small groups, and the importance of a culturally secure venue. These findings shed light on what a culturally secure exercise programme might involve for the Noongar community. As this may have implications for other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and international First Nations’ Peoples, more focused research is needed on the place of traditional physical activities and the nature of culturally secure exercise programmes and spaces to enable wider application.
Selected Immunoendocrine Measures for Monitoring Responses to Training and Match Load in Professional Association Football: A Review of the Evidence.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2022
Abstract: Biomarkers relating to player "stress balance," immunological (ie, immunoglobulin-A), and hormonal (ie, testosterone and cortisol [T:C]) status are now commonly used in football. This article is our critical review of the scientific literature relating to the response of these measures to player load and their relationships with player health. The commonly reported relationship between immunoglobulin-A and training or match load highlights its sensitivity to changes in psychophysiological stress and the increased risk of compromised mucosal immunity. This is supported by its close relationship with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and its association with perceived fatigue in football players. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations and the testosterone-cortisol ratio are sensitive to changes in player load, but the direction of their response is often inconsistent and is likely influenced by player training status and non-sport-related stressors. Some evidence indicates that sustained periods of high training volume can increase resting testosterone and that sustained periods of low and high training intensity can increase resting cortisol, compromising the testosterone-cortisol ratio. These findings are noteworthy, as recent findings indicate interrelationships between testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone:cortisol and perceived measures of fatigue, sleep quality, and muscle soreness in football players. Variability in in idual responses suggests the need for a multivariate and in idualized approach to player monitoring. Overall, we consider that there is sufficient evidence to support the use of salivary immunoglobulin-A, testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone:cortisol measures as part of a multivariate, in idualized player monitoring system in professional football.
Effects of ballistic training on preseason preparation of elite volleyball players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-1999
A randomized controlled trial of an exercise intervention targeting cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors for prostate cancer patients from the RADAR trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2009
Exercise in preventing falls for men with prostate cancer: a modelled cost-utility analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-06900-2
Abstract: Men who receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) are a vulnerable falls population due to the side effects of treatment. The purpose of this paper is to determine the cost-effectiveness of exercise in preventing falls and fractures for this high-risk population in Australia. A decision analytic model was constructed to evaluate the cost utility of an exercise intervention compared to usual care from a health system perspective. The intervention comprised two 1-h sessions of supervised exercise per week over 1 year for men with non-metastatic PCa receiving curative radiation therapy and ADT. A Markov model simulated the transition between five health states: (1) at risk of falling (2) at recurrent risk of falling (3) fracture (minor or major) (4) non-fracture injury (minor or major) and (5) death. Model inputs including transition probabilities and utility scores were obtained from published meta-analyses, and costs were drawn from Australian data sources (e.g. Medical Benefits Schedule). The model time horizon was 3 years, and costs and effects were discounted at 5% annual rate. Costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were aggregated and compared between the intervention and control to calculate incremental net monetary benefit (iNMB). Uncertainty in the results was explored using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA). At a willingness-to-pay of AU$50,000 per QALY, the exercise intervention dominated, as it was less costly and more effective than usual care. The iNMB was $3010 per patient. The PSA showed a 58% probability the intervention was cost-effective. This is the first modelled economic evaluation of exercise for men with PCa. Our results suggest supervised exercise is cost-effective in reducing the risks of falls and fractures in this population.
Protective effects of physical activity in colon cancer and underlying mechanisms: A review of epidemiological and biological evidence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CRITREVONC.2022.103578
Abstract: Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity has a protective effect against colon cancer development and progression. Further, the relevant biological mechanisms where physical activity or exercise may improve survival have also been initially examined. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiological evidence to date which comprises 16 cohort studies of the effects of physical activity on colon cancer outcomes including cancer recurrence, cancer-specific and overall survival. Moreover, we present four potential mechanisms involving shear pressure, systemic milieu alteration, extracellular vesicles, and immune function by which physical activity and exercise may favorably impact colon cancer. Research currently in progress will provide definitive evidence of survival benefits resulting from exercise and future work will help clarify the role of targeted exercise and the relevant mechanisms involved.
Can exercise increase natural killer cell infiltration of the prostate?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-12-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJU.15904
Maintaining weight loss in obese men with prostate cancer following a supervised exercise and nutrition program—a pilot study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-07-2021
Abstract: Supervised exercise and nutrition programs can mitigate or reverse androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induced fat mass (FM) gain, lean mass (LM) loss, and impaired physical function. It is unclear whether these benefits are retained following transition to self-management. This study examined the effect of a home-based weight maintenance program on body composition and physical function in obese men with prostate cancer (PCa) on ADT following a 12-week supervised weight loss intervention. Eleven obese PCa patients (74 ± 5 years, 40.0 ± 4.9% body fat) on ADT ( months) completed a 12-week self-managed home-based weight maintenance program consisting of 150 min/week of aerobic and resistance training while maintaining a healthy balanced diet. Body composition (DXA), muscle strength (1RM), and cardiorespiratory fitness (400 m walk) were assessed. Significant reductions in weight (−2.8 ± 3.2 kg) and FM (−2.8 ± 2.6 kg), preservation of LM (−0.05 ± 1.6 kg), and improvements in muscle strength and VO2max were achieved across the supervised intervention. Across the home-based program, no significant changes were observed in weight (−0.6 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.508), FM (0.2 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.619), LM (−0.8 ± 1.6 kg, p = 0.146), muscle strength (−0.2 to 4.1%, p = 0.086–0.745), or estimated VO2max (0.3 ± 2.1 mL/min/kg, p = 0.649). Self-managed, home-based exercise and nutrition programs are a viable strategy to promote maintenance of body composition and physical function following a supervised intervention in obese PCa patients on ADT.
Effects of drop jump height and technique on ground reaction force with possible implication for injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2001
Design and Implementation of a Specific Strength Program for Badminton
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2008
The Influence of Mental Fatigue on Sessional Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Elite Open and Closed Skill Sports Athletes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-03-2021
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003980
Abstract: Coyne, JOC, Coutts, AJ, Newton, RU, and Haff, GG. The influence of mental fatigue on sessional ratings of perceived exertion in elite open and closed skill sports athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 963–969, 2021—The main purpose of this investigation was to examine influence of mental fatigue on sessional ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE) over a training week in elite athletes in open skill (OS, i.e., more unpredictable and externally paced sports) and closed skill (CS, i.e., more predictable and internally paced) sports. Visual analogue scales for mental fatigue, sRPE (CR-10 scale), and training duration were collected from an OS group ( n = 27) of basketball and volleyball athletes and a CS group ( n = 28) of weightlifting and track and field athletes during a typical training week 5 months before the 2016 Olympic Games. These variables were then examined using repeated measure correlations and linear mixed models with the level of significance set for the study at p 0.05. There was a small significant correlation between mental fatigue and sRPE in the OS group ( r = 0.23, p 0.01), but not in the CS group ( r = −0.07, p = 0.38). Mental fatigue had trivial influence on sRPE during in idual sessions, but had a moderate effect on total sRPE over a week ( p 0.001, f 2 = 0.265) when accounting for type of sport, training duration, and injury/illness burden. It seems mental fatigue may not significantly influence sRPE in in idual training sessions, but may potentially have a cumulative effect that may affect the sRPE over a training week. This suggests monitoring mental fatigue independently of other training load (TL) measures may be worthwhile for strength and conditioning specialists and sports coaches to manage their athletes and researchers conducting studies into TL and performance.
Acute effect of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on serum myokine levels and resulting tumour-suppressive effect in trained patients with advanced prostate cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-022-00624-4
Abstract: Although skeletal muscle releases cytokines called myokines during exercise, the kinetics of the acute myokine response to exercise (exercise-induced circulatory myokine level alteration) is unknown in patients with advanced prostate cancer. We measured myokine levels in serum obtained from patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) before and after exercise and assessed the growth-suppressive effect of the serum by applying it to a PCa cell line. Nine patients with mCRPC (age = 67.8 ± 10.1 years, time since mCRPC diagnosis 36.2 ± 22.5 months) undertook 34 min of a high-intensity interval exercise session on a cycle ergometer. Blood was collected immediately pre, post and 30 min post. Serum levels of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-15 (IL-15), decorin, irisin, and IGF-1 were determined. Growth of the androgen-independent PCa cell line DU-145 exposed to serum collected at three points was measured. There was a significant elevation of SPARC (19.9%, P = 0.048), OSM (11.5%, P = 0.001), IL-6 (10.2%, P = 0.02) and IL-15 (7.8%, P = 0.023) in serum collected immediately after exercise compared to baseline, returning to baseline after 30 min rest. A significant reduction in DU-145 Cell growth and the Cell Index area under the curve at 72 h incubation was observed with the presence of serum obtained immediately post-exercise (Cell Index at 72 h: 16.9%, P < 0.001 area under the curve: 15.2%, P < 0.001) and with the presence of serum obtained 30 min post-exercise compared to baseline (Cell Index at 72 h: 6.5% area under the curve: 8.8%, P < 0.001). This study provides preliminary evidence for an acute exercise-induced myokine response and tumour growth suppression in serum after a bout of high-intensity interval exercise in patients with advanced PCa.
Does Performance of Hang Power Clean Differentiate Performance of Jumping, Sprinting, and Changing of Direction?
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2008
Body composition, fatigue and exercise in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2018
DOI: 10.1111/BJU.14384
Abstract: To investigate the association between lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) with fatigue and vitality before and after exercise in patients with prostate cancer already undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Cross-sectional associations between LM and FM with fatigue and/or vitality measures were examined in 229 patients (aged 43-90 years). Prospective analysis was undertaken in 129 patients who underwent a supervised 3-6 months exercise programme (predominantly resistance + aerobic). Whole body and appendicular LM, and total and trunk FM were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Fatigue was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-30) and vitality using the Short Form-36. Based on the EORTC QLQ-30, 19% of patients had clinically relevant fatigue. There was no association between LM and fatigue however, total (P = 0.013), trunk (P = 0.015) and percentage (P = 0.008) FM were higher in fatigued than not fatigued patients, with total and trunk FM 5.0 and 2.6 kg higher, respectively. For quartiles of vitality, a similar pattern emerged for FM with those in the lowest quartile of vitality having the highest FM values (P = 0.014-0.034). In contrast, following supervised exercise, change in fatigue and vitality were associated with change in total LM (r = -0.182, P = 0.042 and r = 0.309, P = 0.001, respectively) but not FM. Patients fatigued at baseline but not fatigued following the exercise programme gained a median (interquartile range) of 2.1 (0.7-3.2) kg LM. In patients with prostate cancer treated with ADT, body composition is associated with fatigue, with higher total and trunk FM in those with clinically relevant fatigue. However, following exercise those no longer fatigued had an accompanying substantial increase in LM. Modifying body composition, both LM and FM, in patients with prostate cancer may favourably alter cancer-related fatigue levels and should be a target of exercise medicine in this population.
A gender-sensitised weight-loss and healthy living program for men with overweight and obesity in Australian Football League settings (Aussie-FIT): A pilot randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-08-2020
Primary stroke prevention worldwide: translating evidence into action
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
The effects of short-term resistance training on endocrine function in men and women
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1998
Resistance Training for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2001
Neuromuscular adaptation during prolonged strength training, detraining and re-strength-training in middle-aged and elderly people
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2000
Adverse Events Reporting of Clinical Trials in Exercise Oncology Research (ADVANCE): Protocol for a Scoping Review.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-02-2022
Abstract: Adequate, transparent, and consistent reporting of adverse events (AEs) in exercise oncology trials is critical to assess the safety of exercise interventions for people following a cancer diagnosis. However, there is little understanding of how AEs are reported in exercise oncology trials. Thus, we propose to conduct a scoping review to summarise and evaluate current practice of reporting of AEs in published exercise oncology trials with further exploration of factors associated with inadequate reporting of AEs. The study findings will serve to inform the need for future research on standardisation of the definition, collection, and reporting of AEs for exercise oncology research. The ADVANCE (ADverse eVents reporting of clinicAl trials iN exerCise oncology rEsearch) study will be conducted and reported following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guideline. Any type of clinical trial involving an exercise intervention in people living with and beyond cancer with a full-text report in English will be included. Six electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL Plus) will be searched for studies. Two independent review authors will assess eligibility of identified studies, chart data using pre-established extraction forms, and evaluate adequacy of reporting of AEs-related data against a 20-item scoring checklist derived from the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) harms extension. We will summarise results using descriptive and inferential analysis methods. No ethics approval will be required to conduct the ADVANCE study owing to inclusion of only published data. The study results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and internationa conferences. Open Science Framework: osf.io/NXEJD/ (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/NXEJD).
The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-06-2022
Changes in electromyographic activity, muscle fibre and force production characteristics during heavy resistance/power strength training in middle‐aged and older men and women
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
Building the plane while it’s flying: implementation lessons from integrating a co-located exercise clinic into oncology care
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-022-08607-W
Abstract: Despite its therapeutic role during cancer treatment, exercise is not routinely integrated into care and implementation efforts are largely absent from the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate a strategy to integrate the workflow of a co-located exercise clinic into routine care within a private oncology setting in two clinics in the metropolitan region of Western Australia. This prospective evaluation utilised a mixed methods approach to summarise lessons learned during the implementation of an integrated exercise workflow and supporting implementation plan. Data collection was informed by the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. Reports detailing utilisation of the exercise service and its referral pathways, as well as patient surveys and meeting minutes documenting the implementation process informed the evaluation. The co-located exercise service achieved integration into routine care within the clinical oncology setting. Patient utilisation was near capacity (reach) and 100% of clinicians referred to the service during the 13-month evaluation period (adoption). Moreover, ongoing adaptations were made to improve the program (implementation) and workflows were integrated into standard operating practices at the clinic (maintenance). The workflow performed as intended for ~70% of exercise participants (effectiveness) however, gaps were identified in utilisation of the workflow by both patients and clinicians. Integration of exercise into standard oncology care is possible, but it requires the ongoing commitment of multiple stakeholders across an organisation. The integrated workflow and supporting implementation plan greatly improved utilisation of the co-located exercise service, demonstrating the importance of targeted implementation planning. However, challenges regarding workflow fidelity within and across sites limited its success highlighting the complexities inherent in integrating exercise into clinical oncology care in a real-world setting.
The role of exercise in the management of adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a rapid review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2020
Keeping Patients With Cancer Exercising in the Age of COVID-19
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1200/OP.20.00210
Abstract: The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health emergency. To date, physical distancing and good personal hygiene have been the only effective measures to limit spread. The pandemic has altered routine cancer care, including allied health and supportive care interventions. Clinicians must adapt and find ways to continue to deliver optimal patient care at this time. The prescription of exercise to people with cancer has been demonstrated to have meaningful benefits for both physical and mental health and quality of life, and may even enhance survival. Such exercise interventions provide the largest benefit to patients when delivered in a supervised, group, clinic-based setting. In the age of COVID-19, group-based exercise in communal facilities presents risks for both aerosol and surface transmission of the virus among people exercising, necessitating a pivot from the usual methods of exercise delivery to home-based exercise programs. In this article, we discuss the challenges that need to be overcome in moving to a home-based program for patients with cancer while maintaining the benefits of targeted and high-fidelity exercise medicine. We provide practical recommendations for how home-based exercise can be supported and nurtured by qualified exercise professionals who treat people living with cancer, as well as pointing to resources that are available online to assist practitioners. Despite the challenges faced during this pandemic, we believe that it is important for people to continue to benefit from exercise in a safe environment with the support of exercise specialists.
Weightlifting Exercises Enhance Athletic Performance That Requires High-Load Speed Strength
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2005
The Effects of a 10-Kilometer Run on Muscle Strength and Power
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2002
Change in Power Output Across a High-Repetition Set of Bench Throws and Jump Squats in Highly Trained Athletes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1519/R-22376.1
A randomized controlled trial and pragmatic analysis of the effects of volunteering on the health and well-being of older people
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S40520-019-01241-3
Abstract: Volunteering among older people has the potential to deliver health benefits to the in idual, along with economic and social benefits to society. However, it is not clear whether healthier people are more likely to engage in volunteering, whether volunteering improves health, or the extent to which the relationship may be reciprocal. There is an identified need for longitudinal work, especially in the form of randomized controlled trials, to establish causality. To assess the effects of commencing volunteering among older non-volunteers utilizing a randomized controlled trial approach involving per-protocol and pragmatic analyses. Of the 445 Australians aged 60 + years who participated in the study, 201 were assigned to an intervention arm that required them to participate in a minimum of 1 h/week of formal volunteering in a position of their choice. The remaining participants were assigned to a control condition and asked to continue their lives as usual, but were not discouraged from commencing volunteering. Across the assessed physical, psychological, and social variables, a significant difference in sit-to-stand scores was found in both the per-protocol and pragmatic analyses, and a further significant difference in the fast pace walk was identified in the pragmatic analyses. The results provide some support for policies and programs designed to encourage older people to engage in volunteering to maintain or improve their health. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000091505.
The potential therapeutic effects of creatine supplementation on body composition and muscle function in cancer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CRITREVONC.2018.11.003
Abstract: Low muscle mass in in iduals with cancer has a profound impact on quality of life and independence and is associated with greater treatment toxicity and poorer prognosis. Exercise interventions are regularly being investigated as a means to ameliorate treatment-related adverse effects, and nutritional/supplementation strategies to augment adaptations to exercise are highly valuable. Creatine (Cr) is a naturally-occurring substance in the human body that plays a critical role in energy provision during muscle contraction. Given the beneficial effects of Cr supplementation on lean body mass, strength, and physical function in a variety of clinical populations, there is therapeutic potential in in iduals with cancer at heightened risk for muscle loss. Here, we provide an overview of Cr physiology, summarize the evidence on the use of Cr supplementation in various aging/clinical populations, explore mechanisms of action, and provide perspectives on the potential therapeutic role of Cr in the exercise oncology setting.
Preoperative Aerobic Exercise Therapy Prior to Abdominal Surgery: What Is the Evidence? What Dose?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2021
Strength and Power Training of Australian Olympic Swimmers
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2002
Compression Garments
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-1998
Baseball Throwing Speed and Base Running Speed
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-1998
Application of Strength Diagnosis
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2002
Training-Specific Muscle Architecture Adaptation after 5-wk Training in Athletes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2003
Four Weeks of Optimal Load Ballistic Resistance Training at the End of Season Attenuates Declining Jump Performance of Women Volleyball Players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-5050502X.1
Demonstrating the value of early economic evaluation alongside clinical trials: Exercise medicine for men with metastatic prostate cancer
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 21-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13479
Exercise Mediates Myokine Release and Tumor Suppression in Prostate Cancer Independent of Androgen Signaling
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-06-2023
Salivary Immunoendocrine and Self-report Monitoring Profiles across an Elite-Level Professional Football Season
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 24-12-2020
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002553
Abstract: This investigation examined the longitudinal changes and interrelationships of salivary and self-report monitoring measures across a professional football season. Measures were collected biweekly from 18 senior professional male players across a 6-wk preseason and eight 5-wk in-season mesocycles and analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. Analysis identified a small ( P = 0.003) cross-season suppression of salivary immunoglobulin A, small reductions to salivary α-amylase ( P = 0.047) and salivary cortisol ( P = 0.007), and trivial changes to salivary testosterone ( P 0.05). The testosterone/cortisol ratio typically responded inversely to changes in player workload. Self-report measures of fatigue ( P = 0.030), sleep quality ( P = 0.003), and muscle soreness ( P = 0.005) improved (ES = small) across the first half of the season. Fatigue and sleep measures were most consistently related to hormonal measures ( R 2 = 0.43–0.45). For these relationships, increases in cortisol were associated with compromised self-report responses, whereas increases in testosterone/cortisol were associated with improved responses. Nonlinear relationships were identified for fatigue with immunoglobulin A ( P = 0.017 ES = trivial) and testosterone ( P = 0.012 ES = trivial), for sleep quality with testosterone ( P 0.001 ES = trivial), for muscle soreness with testosterone ( P = 0.012 ES = trivial), and for the self-report inventory sum with testosterone ( P = 0.027 ES = trivial). For these relationships, self-report responses were optimal at mean immunoglobulin A and testosterone levels, and very low levels (−2 SD) exerted the most compromising effects. Players can experience a chronic cross-season suppression of mucosal immunity. Salivary immunoglobulin A, testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol measures relate to self-report measures of fatigue, sleep quality, and muscle soreness. In-season reductions in testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol or increases in cortisol among elite football players could be used to indicate the need for reduced workload, which might lead to improved well-being.
Exercise effects on muscle quality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-00600-3
Abstract: To systematically review and analyse the effects of exercise on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MQ) outcomes in older adults and assess a range of possible moderators that may affect the impact of exercise on MQ outcomes. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomised controlled trials were searched in CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, MedNar, OpenGrey and OpenThesis databases. Eligible trials examined the effects of exercise interventions on morphological and neuromuscular MQ in older adults (≥ 60 years). Twenty-one trials (n = 973 participants) were included. Exercise significantly improved morphological MQ (effect size (ES) = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.51, P 0.001) with significant results maintained for studies assessing muscle density and intermuscular adipose tissue (ES = 0.45–0.52, P 0.05). For neuromuscular MQ, exercise provided significant positive effects (ES = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.69, P 0.001) but only maintained for physically healthy participants (ES = 0.43, P 0.001), resistance exercise interventions (ES = 0.64, P 0.001), or studies assessing 1-RM or knee extensor isokinetic muscle strength relative to leg lean mass (ES = 0.48–0.62, P = 0.001). Associations between exercise duration and changes in MQ measures were not observed (P 0.05). Supervised exercise interventions significantly improved different measures of MQ regardless of exercise duration, although these effects were small-to-moderate and not supported across all population-, exercise-, and methods-related features.
Comparison of Different Methods of Determining Power Output in Weightlifting Exercises
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2006
Effects and moderators of exercise medicine on cardiometabolic outcomes in men with prostate cancer previously or currently undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: An individual patient data meta-ana
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Examining the Priorities, Needs and Preferences of Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Designing a Personalised eHealth Exercise Intervention
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-020-09932-2
Abstract: Few in iduals with metastatic prostate cancer have access to prostate cancer-specific exercise support, despite demonstrated benefits. eHealth tools, such as websites, may be viable options for increasing access. To be effective and acceptable, future eHealth websites need to consider end-users' perspectives, capacity and needs. We aim to provide insight into these factors by exploring daily priorities, activities and health literacy of in iduals with metastatic prostate cancer and their perspectives towards exercise and exercise-based web-based eHealth interventions. Semi-structured interviews explored participant's experiences and understanding of their disease, exercise levels, advice received from health care providers, as well as acceptability of and suggested content for an eHealth tool. A thematic analysis was undertaken. Interviews were conducted with eighteen Australians (55-83 years M = 71.5, SD = 8.9) living with metastatic prostate cancer. Needing to perform daily responsibilities was a key priority. Participants had limited understanding of the benefits of prostate cancer-specific exercise, and less than half discussed exercise with their health team. Fourteen men felt they could report metastases location, but only four could provide detailed information, which has clinical implications for exercise prescription. A potential web-based intervention was considered acceptable by seventeen men for reasons such as affordability, accessibility and convenience. User-friendly design and practitioner support were important. Results identified key aspects useful for person-centred design of exercise programs. Participants were positive towards the proposed web-based tool and expressed the need for in idualised, user-friendly and reliable information with support from a professional embedded. Lastly, not all participants could accurately report metastasis locations.
Exercise Performance, Functional Status, and Hemodynamic Assessment of Elderly Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1123/JAPA.10.1.28
Effects of Vicoprofen® and Ibuprofen on Anaerobic Performance after Muscle Damage
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-2002
DOI: 10.1123/JSR.11.2.104
The Effects of Ten Weeks of Resistance and Combined Plyometric/Sprint Training With the Meridian Elyte Athletic Shoe on Muscular Performance in Women
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1519/R-50512.1
Correlation of Eccentric Strength, Reactive Strength, and Leg Stiffness With Running Economy in Well-Trained Distance Runners
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-12-2019
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003446
Abstract: Li, F, Newton, RU, Shi, Y, Sutton, D, and Ding, H. Correlation of eccentric strength, reactive strength, and leg stiffness with running economy in well-trained distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1491–1499, 2021—Neuromuscular characteristics play a critical role in distance running performance however, their relationship with running economy (RE) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength, eccentric strength, reactive strength, leg stiffness, and RE at 12–16 km·h −1 among well-trained male runners. Twenty-eight male collegiate distance runners participated in test sessions on 3 separate days. In the first session, their 1RM squat strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), and drop jump performances were measured. In the second session, the leg press (LP) eccentric and concentric peak force, and leg stiffness (K leg ) were evaluated. In the final session, 12, 14, and 16 km·h −1 RE, blood lactate concentration, and maximum oxygen uptake were measured. There were significant relationships between the LP eccentric peak force, eccentric:concentric peak force ratios (E fl :C ex ), RE at speeds of 12, 14, and 16 km·h −1 ( r = −0.527 to −0.630 p 0.01), reactive strength index ( r = −0.419 to −0.572 p 0.05), and Kleg ( r = −0.686 to −0.761 p 0.001) were significantly correlated with RE at 12, 14, and 16 km·h −1 . No significant association was found between LP concentric peak force, 1RM squat strength, CMJ, and RE at any speed ( p 0.05). Superior RE among distance runners may be related to greater eccentric strength, elastic energy utilization, and stiffer lower limbs during running but not to maximal muscle strength per se. Coaches should focus on these neuromuscular characteristics to improve running performance.
Supervised resistance exercise for women with ovarian cancer who have completed first-line treatment: a pragmatic study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-023-07754-Y
Abstract: In ovarian cancer (OC), suboptimal muscle morphology (i.e., low muscle mass and density) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, yet little is known about the effect of interventions aimed at improving these measures. We investigated the effect of resistance exercise after first-line treatment on muscle mass and density, muscle strength and physical function, health-related quality of life (QoL), and pelvic-floor function in advanced-stage OC survivors. Fifteen OC survivors participated in supervised resistance exercise twice weekly for 12 weeks (in-clinic or by telehealth). Assessments included muscle mass and density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum [1RM] chest press, 5RM leg press, handgrip strength), physical function (400-m walk, timed up-and-go [TUG]), QoL (QLQ-C30 questionnaire), and self-reported pelvic floor function (Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire). The median age was 64 (range 33–72) years, 10 women underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and five underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. All participants completed the intervention (median attendance = 92% range 79–100%). Post-intervention improvements were observed for whole-body lean mass (1.0 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.015), appendicular lean mass (0.6 ± 0.9 kg, p = 0.013), muscle density ( p = 0.011), upper and lower body strength ( p ≤ 0.001), 400-m walk ( p = 0.001), TUG ( p = 0.005), and social and cognitive QoL domains ( p = 0.002 and 0.007), with no change to pelvic floor symptoms ( p 0.05). In this study, supervised resistance exercise effectively improved muscle mass and density, muscle strength, and physical functioning without deleterious effects on the pelvic floor. Considering the prognostic value of these outcomes, larger studies are needed to confirm the benefits of resistance exercise in OC supportive care.
Moderators of exercise effects on self-reported cognitive functioning in cancer survivors: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-05-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11764-023-01392-3
Abstract: This in idual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) assesses exercise effects on self-reported cognitive functioning (CF) and investigates whether effects differ by patient-, intervention-, and exercise-related characteristics. IPD from 16 exercise RCTs, including 1987 patients across multiple types of non-metastatic cancer, was pooled. A one-stage IPD-MA using linear mixed-effect models was performed to assess exercise effects on self-reported CF ( z -score) and to identify whether the effect was moderated by sociodemographic, clinical, intervention- and exercise-related characteristics, or fatigue, depression, anxiety, and self-reported CF levels at start of the intervention (i.e., baseline). Models were adjusted for baseline CF and included a random intercept at study level to account for clustering of patients within studies. A sensitivity analysis was performed in patients who reported cognitive problems at baseline. Minimal significant beneficial exercise effects on self-reported CF (β=−0.09 [−0.16 −0.02]) were observed, with slightly larger effects when the intervention was delivered post-treatment ( n =745, β=−0.13 [−0.24 −0.02]), and no significant effect during cancer treatment ( n =1,162, β=−0.08 [−0.18 0.02]). Larger effects were observed in interventions of 12 weeks or shorter (β=−0.14 [−0.25 −0.04]) or 24 weeks or longer (β=−0.18 [−0.32 −0.02]), whereas no effects were observed in interventions of 12–24 weeks (β=0.01 [−0.13 0.15]). Exercise interventions were most beneficial when provided to patients without anxiety symptoms (β=−0.10 [−0.19 −0.02]) or after completion of treatment in patients with cognitive problems (β=−0.19 [−0.31 −0.06]). No other significant moderators were identified. This cross-cancer IPD meta-analysis observed small beneficial exercise effects on self-reported CF when the intervention was delivered post-treatment, especially in patients who reported cognitive problems at baseline. This study provides some evidence to support the prescription of exercise to improve cognitive functioning. Sufficiently powered trials are warranted to make more definitive recommendations and include these in the exercise guidelines for cancer survivors.
Physical Activity and Self-Reported Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in the Aboriginal Population in Perth, Australia, Measured Using an Adaptation of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-06-2021
Abstract: Background: Complex, ongoing social factors have led to a context where metabolic syndrome (MetS) is disproportionately high in Aboriginal Australians. MetS is characterised by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood-sugar and low HDL-C. This descriptive study aimed to document physical activity levels, including domains and intensity and sedentary behaviour, and MetS risk factors in the Perth Aboriginal (predominately Noongar) community. Methods: The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), together with a questionnaire on self-reported MetS risk factors, was circulated to community members for completion during 2014 (n = 129). Results: Data were analysed using chi-squared tests. The average (SD) age was 37.8 years (14) and BMI of 31.4 (8.2) kg/m2. Occupational, transport-related and leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary intensities were reported across age categories. The median (interquartile range) daily sedentary time was 200 (78, 435), 240 (120, 420) and 180 (60, 300) minutes for the 18–25, 26–44 and 45+ year-olds, respectively (p = 0.973). Conclusions: An in-depth understanding of the types, frequencies and intensities of PA reported for the Perth Aboriginal community is important to implementing targeted strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic disease in this context. Future efforts collaborating with community should aim to reduce the risk factors associated with MetS and improve quality of life.
Differences in the neuromuscular capacity and lean muscle tissue in old and older community-dwelling adults
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2001
Abstract: This study investigated whether there was a worsening of the neuromuscular capacity of older adults after the seventh decade of life. Fifteen healthy community-dwelling old ( or = 70 years of age) were assessed for maximal isometric strength (MVC) and force production characteristics, a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) performance, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and bone-free lean tissue (BFLT) mass of the lower extremity. The isometric MVC, 1-RM, and BFLT mass values in the old group were significantly greater than in the older group. In addition, the in idual BFLT mass values correlated significantly with the isometric MVC values (r = .85) and the 1-RM scores of the thigh muscle groups (r = .54-.80). The old group generated significantly greater isometric maximal rate of torque development than the older group and performed significantly better at all intervals of the absolute and relative force-time curves. The voluntary muscle activation of the knee extensors of the old group produced significantly higher integrated EMG (iEMG) activity at each epoch in the early iEMG-time curve compared with the old group. The results suggest that the age-related deterioration in maximal strength measures and rapid force production characteristics in older adults could be related to a reduction in the mass and neural activation of the thigh muscles. The deterioration of the neuromuscular system of community-dwelling older adults may contribute to an increased difficulty in performing daily activities and may increase their risks of tripping and falling.
The Effect of a Braking Device in Reducing the Ground Impact Forces Inherent in Plyometric Training
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 02-1995
Abstract: As a consequence of performing plyometric type exercises, such as depth jumps, impact forces placed on the musculoskeletal system during landing can lead to a potential for injury. A reduction of impact forces upon landing could therefore contribute to reduce the risk of injury. Twenty subjects performed a series of loaded jumps for maximal height, with and without a brake mechanism designed to reduce impact force during landing. The braked jumps were performed on the Plyometric Power System (PPS) with its braking mechanism set at 75% of body weight during the downward phase. The non-braked condition involved jumps with no braking. Vertical ground reaction force data, s led for 5.5 s at 550 Hz from a Kistler forceplate, were collected for each jump condition. The following parameters were then calculated: peak vertical force, time to peak force, passive impact impulse and maximum concentric force. The brake served to significantly (p < 0.01) reduce peak impact force by 155% and passive impact impulse by 200%. No significant differences were found for peak concentric force production. The braking mechanism of the PPS significantly reduced ground impact forces without impeding concentric force production. The reduction in eccentric loading, using the braking mechanism, may reduce the incidence of injury associated with landings from high intensity plyometric exercises.
Muscle CSA, Force Production, and Activation of Leg Extensors during Isometric and Dynamic Actions in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-1998
DOI: 10.1123/JAPA.6.3.232
What is the minimal dose for resistance exercise effectiveness in prostate cancer patients? Systematic review and meta-analysis on patient-reported outcomes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-020-00301-4
Abstract: Active treatments for prostate cancer are well known to result in several adverse effects such as fatigue, depression and anxiety symptoms, impacting the overall quality of life (QoL) and wellbeing of a considerable proportion of patients. Resistance-based exercise interventions have shown positive effects to reduce or mitigate these treatment-related side effects. However, the minimal dosage required to derive these benefits is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (mode, duration, volume and intensity) on fatigue, QoL, depression and anxiety. Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomised controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or following treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more than three studies were included. Associations between resistance exercise components and its effects were tested by meta-regression analysis. Eighteen trials involving 1112 men with prostate cancer were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in significant effects on fatigue (effect size = −0.3, 95% CI: −0.4 to −0.2, P 0.001) and QoL (effect size = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.0 to 0.4, P = 0.018), with significant effects in specific questionnaires and domains of these outcomes. Resistance-based exercise effects on depression (effect size = −0.3, 95% CI: −0.7 to 0.0) and anxiety symptoms (effect size = −0.3, 95% CI: −0.5 to 0.0) were positive but not significant ( P = 0.071 to 0.077). Meta-regression indicated no significant association between resistance exercise components with fatigue and QoL outcomes ( P = 0.186–0.689). Low volume resistance exercise undertaken at a moderate-to-high intensity is sufficient to achieve significant fatigue and QoL benefits for men with prostate cancer and also mitigate depression and anxiety symptoms. A lower resistance exercise dosage than usually prescribed may help enhance adherence by reducing exercise barriers.
Have we underestimated the kinematic and kinetic benefits of non-ballistic motion?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2008
Myokine Expression and Tumor-suppressive Effect of Serum following 12 Weeks of Exercise in Prostate Cancer Patients on ADT
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 22-09-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002783
Abstract: Although several mechanisms have been proposed for the tumor-suppressive effect of exercise, little attention has been given to myokines, even though skeletal muscle is heavily recruited during exercise resulting in myokine surges. We measured resting serum myokine levels before and after an exercise-based intervention and the effect of this serum on prostate cancer cell growth. Ten prostate cancer patients undertaking androgen deprivation therapy (age, 73.3 ± 5.6 yr) undertook a 12-wk exercise-based intervention including supervised resistance training, self-directed aerobic exercise, and protein supplementation. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength by the one-repetition maximum method. Fasting blood was collected at baseline and postintervention, and serum levels of myokines—secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, oncostatin M (OSM), decorin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3)—were measured. The growth of the prostate cancer cell line DU145 with baseline and postintervention serum was measured. Body weight ( P = 0.011), fat mass ( P = 0.012), and percent body fat ( P = 0.033) were reduced, whereas percent lean mass ( P = 0.001) increased, as did strength (leg press, P = 0.006 chest press, P = 0.020) across the intervention. Serum OSM levels ( P = 0.020) and relative serum OSM levels ( P = 0.020) increased compared with baseline. A significant reduction in DU145 Cell Index ( P = 0.012) and growth rate ( P = 0.012) was observed after applying postintervention serum compared with baseline serum. This study provides evidence for enhanced myokine expression and tumor-suppressive effects of serum from chronically exercise-trained prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy.
Reduced muscle strength and functional performance in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen suppression: A comprehensive cross-sectional investigation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2009
DOI: 10.1038/PCAN.2008.51
Abstract: This study examined the effects of androgen suppression therapy (AST) on upper and lower body muscle strength and a range of direct measures of physical performance using a cross-sectional design with 118 men (48 men undertaking AST for prostate cancer and 70 healthy aged-matched controls) from a single tertiary center. Primary end points included muscle strength for the upper- and lower-body functional performance--repeated chair rise, usual and fast 6-m walk, 6-m backwards walk and 400-m walk time and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment--whole body, regional soft tissue composition and bone mineral density (BMD). Men on AST had significantly reduced muscle strength for the upper- and lower-body and impaired functional performance compared to controls (P<0.05). As expected, AST patients had significantly lower whole-body and hip BMD and higher percent of body fat than controls (P<0.05), and tended to have lower whole-body lean mass (-2.3 kg, P=0.077). Appendicular skeletal muscle was positively associated with upper-body (r=0.400-0.606, P<0.001) and lower-body (r=0.549-0.588, P<0.001) muscle strength, and strength was related to functional performance. Men undertaking AST were consistently impaired across a broad range of physical and functional musculoskeletal performance assessments compared with their age-matched normal controls. These findings are relevant for those patients considering AST for subclinical disease management, but whose physical reserve is marginal. Strategies to counter these adverse effects of AST need to be initiated so that independent living and quality of life can be maintained.
An Exploratory Study of the Relative Effects of Various Protective Factors on Depressive Symptoms Among Older People
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-11-2020
Safety, Effectiveness, and Uptake of Exercise Medicine Integrated Within a Cancer Care Center
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Eight Weeks of Resistance Training Can Significantly Alter Body Composition in Children Who Are Overweight or Obese
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0B013E3181876A56
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week resistance training program on children who were overweight or obese. Forty-eight children (n = 26 girls and 22 boys mean age = 9.7 years) participated in an 8-week undulating periodized resistance training program for 3 d x wk-1. Measures of body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry, strength, and power were made before and after the training intervention. There was a significant decrease in absolute percent body fat of 2.6%(p = 0.003) and a significant increase in lean body mass of 5.3% (p = 0.07). There were no significant changes in height, weight, body mass index, total fat mass, or bone mineral content. There were significant increases in 1-repetition maximum squat (74%), number of push-ups (85%), countermovement jump height (8%), static jump height (4%), and power (16%). These results demonstrate that the resistance training program implemented produces significant changes in body composition and strength and power measures, as well as being well tolerated by the participants. An undulating periodized program provides variation and significantly increases lean body mass, decreases percent body fat, and increases strength and power in children who are overweight and obese.
Effects of Heavy Resistance/Power Training on Maximal Strength, Muscle Morphology, and Hormonal Response Patterns in 60-75-Year-Old Men and Women
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 06-2002
DOI: 10.1139/H02-013
Physical Activity and Exercise Guidelines for People With Cancer: Why Are They Needed, Who Should Use Them, and When?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Influence of Exercise Order in a Resistance‐Training Exercise Session
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-18185.1
Validity and Reliability of Methods to Determine Barbell Displacement in Heavy Back Squats: Implications for Velocity-Based Training
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002803
Abstract: Appleby, BB, Banyard, H, Cormack, SJ, and Newton, RU. Validity and reliability of methods to determine barbell displacement in heavy back squats: Implications for velocity-based training. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3118–3123, 2020—The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of methods for determining barbell displacement during heavy back squats. Twelve well-trained rugby union players (mean ± SD 1 repetition maximum [1RM] 90° squat = 196.3 ± 29.2 kg) completed 2 sets of 2 repetitions at 70, 80, and 90% of 1RM squats. Barbell displacement was derived from 3 methods across 4 load categories (120–129, 140–149, 160–169, and 180–189 kg) including: a (a) linear position transducer (LPT) attached 65 cm left of barbell center, (b) 3D motion analysis tracking of markers attached to either end of a barbell, and (c) cervical marker (C7) (criterion measurement). Validity was calculated using the typical error of the estimate as a coefficient of variation (CV%) ±90% confidence interval (CI), mean bias as a percentage, and the Pearson product moment correlation ( r ). Intraday reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the typical error expressed as a percentage of CV% ±90% (CI). Mean displacement for C7, LPT, and the barbell ends was 520, 529, and 550–564 mm, respectively. Validity of the LPT compared with the criterion was acceptable (CV% = 2.1–3.0 bias = 0.9–1.5% r = 0.96–0.98), whereas that of the barbell ends was less (CV% = 2.7–7.5 bias = 4.9–11.2% r = 0.71–0.97). The CV% reliability of the C7 marker across the load categories was 6.6%, the LPT 6.6%, and the barbell ends between 5.9 and 7.2%. Despite reliable measures, overestimation of displacement occurs as the tracking location moves to the barbell ends in weighted back squats. The LPT demonstrated high validity to the criterion and high trial-to-trial reliability.
Neuromechanical strategies employed to increase jump height during the initiation of the squat jump
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
An evaluation of a new test of reactive agility and its relationship to sprint speed and change of direction speed
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2006.05.019
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a new test of agility, the reactive agility test (RAT), which included anticipation and decision-making components in response to the movements of a tester. Thirty-eight Australian football players took part in the study, categorized into either a higher performance group (HPG) (n=24) or lower performance group (LPG) (n=14) based on playing level from the previous season. All participants undertook testing of a 10m straight sprint (10mSS), a 8-9m change of direction speed test (CODST), and the RAT. Test-retest and inter-tester reliability testing measures were conducted with the LPG. The intra-class correlation (ICC) of the RAT was 0.870, with no significant (p<0.05) difference between the test results obtained on the first and second test sessions using a t-test. A dependent s les t-test revealed no significant (p<0.05) difference between the test results of two different testers with the same population. The HPG were significantly (p=0.001) superior to those of the LPG on the RAT, with no differences observed on any other variable. The RAT is an acceptably reliable test when considering both test-retest reliability, as well as inter-rater reliability. In addition, the test was valid in distinguishing between players of differing performance level in Australian football, while the 10mSS and CODST were not. This result suggests that traditional closed skill sprint and sprint with direction change tests may not adequately distinguish between players of different levels of competition in Australian football.
The study protocol for a pseudo-randomised pre-post designed controlled intervention trial to study the effects of a 7-week cooking program on self-efficacy and biomarkers of health: The ECU lifestyle and biomarkers get connected study (ECULABJMOF) including the Jamie's Ministry of Food WA participant experience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-020-09124-3
Abstract: Australia, like other nations, has experienced a shift in dietary patterns away from home cooking of nutritious foods, towards a reliance on pre-prepared convenience meals. These are typically energy-dense, nutrient-poor and contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity and chronic disease burden. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether a community-based cooking program instigated a change to participants’ skills, attitudes, knowledge, enjoyment and satisfaction of cooking and cooking confidence (self-efficacy). The pseudo-random, pre-post study design consisted of an intervention and a control group. Participant recruitment and group allocation was based on their program start dates. Intervention participants were surveyed three times (baseline, 7 weeks and 6 months) and the control group were surveyed at baseline and 5 weeks. All participants were registered via an online website and were 18 years or over. Upon consent, participants were offered four levels of commitment, defined by different assessments. The minimum participation level included an online survey and levels 2, 3 and 4 involved attendance at a clinic with increasing functional, anthropometric and biomarker measurements. Primary endpoints were participants’ cooking confidence as a proxy for self-efficacy. Secondary endpoints were dietary intake, physical activity levels, body composition, anthropometry, blood, urine and faecal biomarkers of systemic, physical and mental health. The community cooking program provided participants with information and advice on food sourcing, preparation and nutrition to improve home cooking skills. The study was designed to explore whether food literacy programs are efficacious in improving participant physical health and well-being in order to combat the rise in obesity and diet-related disease . It will support future use of public health cooking program initiatives aimed at improving food literacy, self-efficacy and physical and mental health. The extensive data collected will inform future research into the relationship between diet, the gut-microbiota and human health. Retrospectively registered on 16.08.2019 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). ACTRN12619001144101 . Protocol version 4.
Changes in muscle, fat and bone mass after 36 weeks of maximal androgen blockade for prostate cancer
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2008
Exercise Recommendation for People With Bone Metastases: Expert Consensus for Health Care Providers and Exercise Professionals
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1200/OP.21.00454
Abstract: Exercise has been underutilized in people with advanced or incurable cancer despite the potential to improve physical function and reduce psychosocial morbidity, especially for people with bone metastases because of concerns over skeletal complications. The International Bone Metastases Exercise Working Group (IBMEWG) was formed to develop best practice recommendations for exercise programming for people with bone metastases on the basis of published research, clinical experience, and expert opinion. The IBMEWG undertook sequential steps to inform the recommendations: (1) modified Delphi survey, (2) systematic review, (3) cross-sectional survey to physicians and nurse practitioners, (4) in-person meeting of IBMEWG to review evidence from steps 1-3 to develop draft recommendations, and (5) stakeholder engagement. Recommendations emerged from the contributing evidence and IBMEWG discussion for pre-exercise screening, exercise testing, exercise prescription, and monitoring of exercise response. Identification of in iduals who are potentially at higher risk of exercise-related skeletal complication is a complex interplay of these factors: (1) lesion-related, (2) cancer and cancer treatment–related, and (3) the person-related. Exercise assessment and prescription requires consideration of the location and presentation of bone lesion(s) and should be delivered by qualified exercise professionals with oncology education and exercise prescription experience. Emphasis on postural alignment, controlled movement, and proper technique is essential. Ultimately, the perceived risk of skeletal complications should be weighed against potential health benefits on the basis of consultation between the person, health care team, and exercise professionals. These recommendations provide an initial framework to improve the integration of exercise programming into clinical care for people with bone metastases.
An Analysis of the Ratio and Relationship Between Upper Body Pressing and Pulling Strength
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1519/R-12382.1
Reliability and Validity of Two Isometric Squat Tests
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2002
Effects of Upper Body Eccentric versus Concentric Strength Training and Detraining on Maximal Force, Muscle Activation, Hypertrophy and Serum Hormones in Women
Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Date: 04-04-2022
Resistance training and reduction of treatment side effects in prostate cancer
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2006
A feasibility, safety, and efficacy evaluation of supervised aerobic and resistance exercise for patients with glioblastoma undertaking adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-02-2023
DOI: 10.1093/NOP/NPAD006
Abstract: While therapeutically effective, chemoradiotherapy treatment for high-grade glioma (glioblastoma) is often accompanied by side effects. Exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate the adverse effects of such treatments in other cancers. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of supervised exercise incorporating autoregulation. Thirty glioblastoma patients were recruited, five declined exercise and 25 were provided with a multimodal exercise intervention for the duration of their chemoradiotherapy treatment. Patient recruitment, retention, adherence to training sessions and safety were evaluated throughout the study. Physical function, body composition, fatigue, sleep quality, and quality of life were evaluated before and after the exercise intervention. Eight of the 25 participants commencing exercise withdrew prior to completion of the study (32%). Seventeen patients (68%) demonstrated low to high adherence (33%–100%) and exercise dosage compliance (24%–83%). There were no reported adverse events. Significant improvements were observed for all trained exercises and lower limb muscle strength and function with no significant changes observed for any other physical function, body composition, fatigue, sleep, or quality of life outcomes. Only half of glioblastoma patients recruited were willing or able to commence, complete or meet minimum dose compliance for the exercise intervention during chemoradiotherapy indicating the intervention evaluated may not be feasible for part of this patient cohort. For those who were able to complete the exercise program, supervised, autoregulated, multimodal exercise was safe and significantly improved strength and function and may have prevented deterioration in body composition and quality of life.
Comparison of Lower Body Strength, Power, Acceleration, Speed, Agility, and Sprint Momentum to Describe and Compare Playing Rank among Professional Rugby League Players
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2008
Performance, biochemical, and endocrine changes during a competitive football game
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2002
If you build it, will they come? Evaluation of a co-located exercise clinic and cancer treatment centre using the RE-AIM framework
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 03-06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13251
Periodized Training Programmes for Athletes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2000
Neuromuscular and endocrine responses of elite players during an Australian rules football season
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2008
Abstract: To examine variations in neuromuscular and hormonal status and their relationship to performance throughout a season of elite Australian Rules Football (ARF). Fifteen elite ARF players performed a single jump (CMJ1) and 5 repeated countermovement jumps (CMJ5), and provided saliva s les for the analysis of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) before the season commenced (Pre) and during the 22-match season. Magnitudes of effects were reported with the effect size (ES) statistic. Correlations were performed to analyze relationships between assessment variables and match time, training load, and performance. CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time was substantially reduced on 60% of measurement occasions. Magnitudes of change compared with Pre ranged from 1.0 ± 7.4% (ES 0.04 ± 0.29) to −17.1 ± 21.8% (ES −0.77 ± 0.81). Cortisol was substantially lower (up to −40 ± 14.1%, ES of −2.17 ± 0.56) than Pre in all but one comparison. Testosterone response was varied, whereas T:C increased substantially on 70% of occasions, with increases to 92.7 ± 27.8% (ES 2.03 ± 0.76). CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time ( r = .24 ± 0.13) and C displayed ( r = −0.16 ± 0.1) small correlations with performance. The response of CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time suggests periods of neuromuscular fatigue. Change in T:C indicates subjects were unlikely to have been in a catabolic state during the season. Increase in C compared with Pre had a small negative correlation with performance. Both CMJ1Flight time:Contraction time and C may be useful variables for monitoring responses to training and competition in elite ARF athletes.
Relationships Between Internal Training Load in a Taper With Elite Weightlifting Performance Calculated Using Different Moving Average Methods
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2021
Mixed-methods resistance training increases power and strength of young and older men
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2002
A Brief History of Strength Training and Basic Principles and Concepts
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2000
Exercise medicine for cancer cachexia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00432-022-03927-0
Abstract: Cancer-induced muscle wasting (i.e., cancer cachexia, CC) is a common and devastating syndrome that results in the death of more than 1 in 5 patients. Although primarily a result of elevated inflammation, there are multiple mechanisms that complement and lify one another. Research on the use of exercise to manage CC is still limited, while exercise for CC management has been recently discouraged. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding that exercise is not a single medicine, but mode, type, dosage, and timing (exercise prescription) have distinct health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of these modes and subtypes to identify the most optimal form and dosage of exercise therapy specific to each underlying mechanism of CC. The relevant literatures from MEDLINE and Scopus databases were examined. Exercise can counteract the most prominent mechanisms and signs of CC including muscle wasting, increased protein turnover, systemic inflammation, reduced appetite and anorexia, increased energy expenditure and fat wasting, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, hypogonadism, impaired oxidative capacity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cancer treatments side-effects. There are different modes of exercise, and each mode has different sub-types that induce vastly erse changes when performed over multiple sessions. Choosing suboptimal exercise modes, types, or dosages can be counterproductive and could further contribute to the mechanisms of CC without impacting muscle growth. Available evidence shows that patients with CC can safely undertake higher-intensity resistance exercise programs, and benefit from increases in body mass and muscle mass.
Reporting Attendance and Resistance Exercise Compliance in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 21-10-2023
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003069
Abstract: Resistance exercise is a well-established intervention to counteract musculoskeletal and metabolic toxicities from prostate cancer treatment. In this study, we reported resistance exercise attendance and compliance, and examined if these variables can influence changes in outcomes of interest in men with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. A total of 83 prostate cancer patients (age, 68.2 ± 7.0 yr body mass index, 27.7 ± 3.8 kg·m −2 ) who had undergone 6 months of resistance-based exercise and had data available on exercise training from logbook records were examined. Attendance outcomes such as missed sessions, interruptions and permanent discontinuation, and metrics such as dosage completed (sessions × number of exercises × sets × repetitions × external load), compliance, tolerance, reductions, and escalations were assessed. Outcomes assessed were body composition, physical function, and muscle strength. Median resistance exercise attendance was 80.6%, with a median resistance exercise compliance of 88.5% (interquartile range [IQR], 61.1%–107.1%) per participant. A median of 11 (IQR, 1–26) and 0 (IQR, 0–2) sessions were escalated or reduced, respectively. Significant improvements were observed in whole-body lean mass, 400-m walk, repeated chair rise, leg press, and chest press strength after 6 months of intervention ( P 0.05) regardless of resistance exercise compliance ( P trend = 0.199–0.950). Participants with higher levels of resistance exercise compliance presented greater improvements in trunk fat mass ( P trend = 0.026) and appendicular lean mass ( P trend = 0.047). A higher resistance exercise compliance led to greater improvements in regional fat and lean mass, whereas physical function and muscle strength improvements were achieved with lower compliance. In addition, patients experienced a high number of dose escalations during the intervention. These findings are important to improve the reproducibility recision of exercise medicine prescription.
ASSESSING THE FORCE-VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEG EXTENSORS IN WELL-TRAINED ATHLETES: THE INCREMENTAL LOAD POWER PROFILE
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2008
Feasibility of supervised telehealth exercise for patients with advanced melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/CAM4.6091
Abstract: To determine the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of a telehealth supervised exercise programme in patients with advanced melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A 8‐week non‐randomised feasibility pilot trial utilising a telehealth delivered multimodal exercise programme undertaken thrice weekly with assessments at baseline and post‐intervention. The study was considered feasible if there were no severe or life‐threatening adverse events as a result of exercise, and three or more of the following criteria were met: the recruitment rate was %, completion rate was %, median programme attendance was %, median exercise compliance %, and average tolerance was %. Preliminary efficacy was assessed for objective measures of physical function (2‐min step test, repeated chair stand test, 30‐s push‐up test, and a modified static balance test) and quality of life (QoL), fatigue and other patient‐reported outcomes were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. Eleven patients (32–80 years) were included in the study (6 female, 5 male). The recruitment rate was 48%, completion rate 91%, programme attendance 88%, median exercise compliance 82.1% and 84.9% for resistance and aerobic exercise, respectively, and tolerance 88%, with no severe or life‐threatening adverse events as a result of exercise. In terms of preliminary efficacy, physical function significantly improved while QoL was maintained following the intervention. An 8‐week telehealth exercise intervention is feasible and safe for patients with advanced melanoma and appears to improve physical function while preserving QoL during checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Can exercise ameliorate the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes associated with ADT?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-04-2008
DOI: 10.1038/NCPURO1104
Changes in agonist-antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 04-1998
Relationship Between the Number of Repetitions and Selected Percentages of One Repetition Maximum in Free Weight Exercises in Trained and Untrained Men
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-18195.1
Acute Effect on Power Output of Alternating an Agonist and Antagonist Muscle Exercise During Complex Training
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2005
Factors associated with formal volunteering among retirees
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2020
Changes in muscle, fat and bone mass after 36 weeks of maximal androgen blockade for prostate cancer (BJU International (2008) 102, (44-47))
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-07-2008
Longitudinal associations between formal volunteering and well-being among retired older people: follow-up results from a randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-02-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1884845
Abstract: Volunteering has been identified as a potential mechanism for improving the psychosocial health of older adults. Utilizing a randomized controlled trial approach, the present study assessed the extent to which commencing volunteering can improve psychosocial health outcomes for older people. Fully retired Australian adults aged 60+ years (
Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-020-0245-Z
Abstract: An increasing number of studies indicate that exercise plays an important role in the overall care of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before, during and after treatment. Historically, research has focused on exercise as a modulator of physical function, psychosocial well-being as well as a countermeasure to cancer- and treatment-related adverse effects. However, recent studies reveal that exercise may also directly influence tumour physiology that could beneficially affect the response to radiotherapy. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of tumour vascular characteristics that limit the effect of radiation and establish a rationale for exercise as adjunct therapy during PCa radiotherapy. Further, we summarise the existing literature on exercise as a modulator of tumour perfusion and hypoxia and outline potential future research directions. Preclinical research has shown that exercise can reduce intratumoral hypoxia—a major limiting factor in radiotherapy—by improving tumour perfusion and vascularisation. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests that exercise training can improve radiotherapy treatment outcomes by increasing natural killer cell infiltration in a murine PCa model. Exercise is a potentially promising adjunct therapy for men with PCa undergoing radiotherapy that may increase its effectiveness. However, exercise-induced tumour radiosensitisation remains to be confirmed in preclinical and clinical trials, as does the optimal exercise prescription to elicit such effects.
A comparison of the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity between pneumatic and free weight resistance
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2008
Neuromuscular responses to explosive and heavy resistance loading
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2000
Balancing Injury Risk and Power Development by Weighted Jump Squat Through Controlling Eccentric Loading
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-09-2021
Characterising lower-body musculoskeletal morphology and whole-body composition of elite female and male Australian Football players
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S13102-022-00561-8
Abstract: Physical demands and injury rates differ between elite female and male Australian Football (AF) players. To improve understanding of contributing physical factors to these differences, the purpose of this study was to investigate lower-body morphology and whole-body composition of elite footballers competing in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Australian Football League Women’s (AFLW). Lower-body morphology and whole-body composition of 23 AFL players and 23 AFLW players were assessed using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry at the beginning of pre-season. Differences between cohorts, with sub-analyses of kicking vs. support limbs, and experienced vs. inexperienced player status were assessed using two-s le independent t-tests. Magnitude of differences were assessed using Cohen’s d effect sizes. AFL players had greater absolute ( p 0.001 ES = 3.28) and relative ( p 0.001 ES = 2.29) whole body lean soft-tissue mass, with less absolute ( p = 0.004 ES = 0.91) and relative ( p 0.001 ES = 2.29) fat mass than AFLW players. For AFLW players, no significant differences existed between kicking and support limbs with few differences observed between experienced and inexperienced players. Greater emphasis on physical development in AFLW players may be required to enable increases in muscle mass and skeletal robustness, to ensure they can tolerate the loads of elite competition.
Summated training and match load predictors of salivary immunoglobulin-A, alpha-amylase, testosterone, cortisol and T:C profile changes in elite-level professional football players: A longitudinal ana
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-07-2021
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1949638
Abstract: We examined how summated training and match load measures relate to salivary immunological and hormonal profile changes in professional football players. Data were collected from 18 elite-level professional male football players from one English Ch ionship team across a complete 40 wk competitive season. Daily training (micro-technology) and match (computerised tracking) measures of total, high-speed and high-metabolic load running distance and sprint, acceleration, deceleration and sRPE load were converted into exponentially weighted moving average "acute" (7d), "chronic" (28d) and acute:chronic composite load measures. Bi-weekly morning saliva s les were analysed for immunoglobulin-A, alpha-amylase, testosterone, cortisol and testosterone:cortisol. A two-stage data reduction technique using partial least squares modelling and a backward stepwise selection procedure determined the most parsimonious model for each salivary variable. Testosterone had non-linear relationships with chronic total (
Discriminative Analyses of Various Upper Body Tests in Professional Rugby-League Players
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2006
Multimodal Exercise in Older Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing First-Line Chemotherapy: A Case Series Examining Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 26-05-2023
DOI: 10.1155/2023/1179848
Abstract: Purpose. Exercise is emerging as an adjunct therapy to cancer treatment however, its role in older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy is unclear. The aim of this study was to primarily provide evidence on feasibility with an exploratory examination of the initial efficacy of exercise in this clinical setting. Materials and Methods. Six patients aged 60–75 years with de novo or recurrent advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy consented to participate in twice-weekly exercise that included resistance and aerobic training and boxing-related activities for up to 12 weeks. Patients were monitored for attendance, adherence, and adverse events. Body composition, muscle strength, functional ability, patient-reported outcome measures, and patient-reported experience measures were assessed at baseline and/or postintervention. Results. Of the 6 patients, 1 withdrew after baseline testing and 5 attended 42%–95% of planned sessions and adhered to 28%–83% of the prescribed exercise. There were no serious exercise-emergent adverse events. All 5 patients increased or maintained lean mass (0.1%–4.4%) and 4 reduced fat mass (−0.4%–−8.6%). Improvements were observed in 4 or all 5 patients for muscle strength (7.1%–75%), 5 times sit-to-stand (1.3%–21.4%), 6-m backward walk (16.5%–35.8%), and patient-reported outcomes. Furthermore, all patients perceived exercise as very helpful in managing their cancer and expressed a strong willingness to continue exercise in the future. Conclusion. A multimodal exercise program appears feasible with potential physical and psychological benefits for older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy. Further research including a larger s le size is warranted.
Relationships Between Different Internal and External Training Load Variables and Elite International Women's Basketball Performance.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2021
Abstract: Purpose : To investigate the relationships between internal and external training load (TL) metrics with elite international women’s basketball performance. Methods : Sessional ratings of perceived exertion, PlayerLoad ™ /minute, and training duration were collected from 13 elite international-level female basketball athletes (age 29.0 [3.7] y, stature 186.0 [9.8] cm, body mass 77.9 [11.6] kg) during the 18 weeks prior to the International Basketball Federation Olympic qualifying event for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Training stress balance, differential load, and the training efficiency index were calculated with 3 different smoothing methods. These TL metrics and their change in the last 21 days prior to competition were examined for their relationship to competition performance as coach ratings of performance. Results : For a number of TL variables, there were consistent significant small to moderate correlations with performance and significant small to large differences between successful and unsuccessful performances. However, these differences were only evident for external TL when using exponentially weighted moving averages to calculate TL. The variable that seemed most sensitive to performance was the change in training efficiency index in the last 21 days prior to competition (performance r = .47–.56, P .001 and difference between successful and unsuccessful performance P .001, f 2 = 0.305–0.431). Conclusions : Internal and external TL variables were correlated with performance and distinguished between successful and unsuccessful performances among the same players during international women’s basketball games. Manipulating TL in the last 3 weeks prior to competition may be worthwhile for basketball players’ performance, especially in internal TL.
Determination of Functional Strength Imbalance of the Lower Extremities
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1519/R-5050501X.1
Improving Physical and Mental Health in Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Exercise Medicine in the Management of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001753
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the health-related effects of exercise in patients with pancreatic cancer (PanCa) through a systematic review of current evidence. Studies were obtained through searching PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library databases with additional hand searches. All intervention-based studies were included if it involved (1) adult patients with PanCa, (2) exercise training, and (3) findings in quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, psychological distress, and physical function. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020154684. Seven trials described in 9 publications were included consisting of 201 patients with early-stage and advanced PanCa. Participants were required to perform supervised and/or home-based, low- to moderate-intensity resistance and/or aerobic exercise for 12 to 35 weeks or duration of neoadjuvant therapy. There were no exercise-related adverse events with a reported retention rate of 71% to 90% and exercise attendance of 64% to 96%. The programs were consistently associated with improvements in cancer-related fatigue, psychological distress, and physical function, with mixed effects on quality of life. Exercise training seems to be safe and feasible and may have a beneficial effect on various physical and psychological outcomes in patients with PanCa. Further work with rigorous study designs is required to consolidate and advance current findings.
In Reply to Carpenter et al.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Exercise for people with bone metastases
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2022
The outcome of a multi-centre feasibility study of online adaptive radiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer TROG 10.01 BOLART
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.RADONC.2014.02.015
Abstract: To assess whether online adaptive radiotherapy for bladder cancer is feasible across multiple Radiation Oncology departments using different imaging, delivery and recording technology. A multi-centre feasibility study of online adaptive radiotherapy, using a choice of three "plan of the day", was conducted at 12 departments. Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer were included. Departments were activated if part of the pilot study or after a site-credentialing visit. There was real time review of the first two cases from each department. 54 patients were recruited, with 50 proceeding to radiotherapy. There were 43 males and 7 females with a mean age of 78 years. The tumour stages treated included T1 (1 patient), T2 (35), T3 (10) and T4 (4). One patient died of an unrelated cause during radiotherapy. The three adaptive plans were created before the 10th fraction in all cases. In 8 (16%) of the patients, a conventional plan using a 'standard' CTV to PTV margin of 1.5cm was used for one or more fractions where the pre-treatment bladder CTV was larger than any of the three adaptive plans. The bladder CTV extended beyond the PTV on post treatment imaging in 9 (18%) of the 49 patients. From a technical perspective an online adaptive radiotherapy technique can be instituted in a multi-centre setting. However, without further bladder filling control or imaging, a CTV to PTV margin of 7mm is insufficient.
Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of starters and non-starters and playing positions in elite Australian Rules football
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2005
Retirement and Physical Activity: The Opportunity of a Lifetime or the Beginning of the End?
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2020
Abstract: Retirement has been identified as a life transition that is important in determining older adults’ physical activity levels. The present study examined the factors associated with retirement that affect physical activity participation among older adults. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 425 retired Australians aged 60 years and older. Physical activity was assessed objectively, using accelerometers. Two categories of factors affecting physical activity participation following retirement were identified: the various physical and psychological changes in later life that can encourage or discourage physical activity and the adaptation processes undertaken by older people in response to these changes. The adoption of either a gain or loss approach to retirement and aging appeared to be the most influential adaptation factor affecting physical activity participation. The results suggest that intervention approaches should aim to foster more positive attitudes to aging and retirement and promote physical activity at all stages in life.
Muscle fiber characteristics in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2001
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200112000-00007
Abstract: There have been conflicting reports of muscle fiber type changes in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The purpose of this study was to examine the myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression as well as histochemical changes in the gastrocnemius muscle in patients with symptomatic PAD. Needle biopsy specimens were obtained from the medial gastrocnemius of 14 subjects with PAD (mean age (+/- SD), 69.7 +/- 4.8 yr) and eight activity-matched control subjects (mean age, 65.1 +/- 6.6 yr). Ankle-brachial index was assessed using Doppler ultrasound to determine the hemodynamic status of the patients, and maximal walking performance was determined during a graded treadmill test. Expression of MHC isoforms was determined by SDS-PAGE. The proportion of MHC I was significantly smaller in PAD than in the controls (45.6 +/- 9.1% vs 58.8 +/- 15.0%). The proportion of MHC IIx was also larger in the subjects with PAD compared with the controls (22.9 +/- 9.1% vs 16.0 +/- 11.3%). In addition, there was a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the type I and type IIA fibers in the subjects with PAD as well as enhanced capillary density. This study showed a significant modification in the expression of MHC isoforms and muscle fiber type in the gastrocnemius in patients with symptomatic PAD. These results suggest that muscle ischemia resulting from PAD is an important factor in causing the adaptations in the contractile apparatus of the muscle.
Quality of life for men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer participating in an aerobic and resistance exercise pilot intervention
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Evaluating a web- and telephone-based personalised exercise intervention for individuals living with metastatic prostate cancer (ExerciseGuide): protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-01-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40814-020-00763-2
Abstract: Preliminary research has shown the effectiveness of supervised exercise-based interventions in alleviating sequela resulting from metastatic prostate cancer. Despite this, many in iduals do not engage in sufficient exercise to gain the benefits. There are many barriers, which limit the uptake of face-to-face exercise in this population including lack of suitable facilities, remoteness, and access to experts, significant fatigue, urinary incontinence and motivation. Technology-enabled interventions offer a distance-based alternative. This protocol describes a pilot two-armed randomised controlled study that will investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an online exercise and behavioural change tool (ExerciseGuide) amongst in iduals with metastatic prostate cancer. Sixty-six participants with histologically diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer will be randomised into either the 8-week intervention or a wait-list control. The intervention arm will have access to a tailored website, remote supervision, and tele-coaching sessions to enhance support and adherence. Algorithms will in idually prescribe resistance and aerobic exercise based upon factors such as metastasis location, pain, fatigue, confidence and current exercise levels. Behavioural change strategies and education on exercise benefits, safety and lifestyle are also tailored through the website. The primary outcome will be intervention feasibility (safety, usability, acceptability, and adherence). Secondary exploratory outcomes include changes in physical activity, quality of life, sleep, and physical function. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and week 9. The study aims to determine the potential feasibility of an online remotely monitored exercise intervention developed for in iduals with metastatic prostate cancer. If feasible, this pilot intervention will inform the design and implementation of further distance-based interventions. ANZCTR, ACTRN12614001268639 . Registered 10 December 2018, anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12618001979246.aspx
Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of a Web- and Telephone-Based Personalised Exercise Intervention for Individuals with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: The ExerciseGuide Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-11-2021
Abstract: Preliminary research has shown the effectiveness of supervised exercise-based interventions in alleviating sequela resulting from metastatic prostate cancer. However, many in iduals encounter barriers that limit the uptake of face-to-face exercise. Technology-enabled interventions offer a distance-based alternative. This pilot study aimed to explore the acceptability, safety and preliminary efficacy of a web-based exercise intervention (ExerciseGuide) in in iduals with metastatic prostate cancer. Forty participants (70.2 ± 8.5 years) with metastatic prostate cancer were randomised into the 8-week intervention (N = 20) or a wait-list control (N = 20). The intervention arm had access to a computer-tailored website, personalised exercise prescription and remote supervision. ExerciseGuide was deemed acceptable with a score ≥20 on the client satisfaction questionnaire however, the usability score was just below the pre-specified score of ≥68 on the software usability scale. There were no serious adverse events reported. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels between baseline and follow-ups were significantly higher (10.0 min per day 95% CI = (1.3–18.6) p = 0.01) in the intervention group compared to wait-list control. There were also greater improvements in step count (1332 95% CI = (159–2505) p = 0.02) and identified motivation (0.4, 95% CI = (0.0, 0.7) p = 0.04). Our findings provide preliminary evidence that ExerciseGuide is acceptable, safe and efficacious among in iduals with metastatic prostate cancer.
Compatibility of high-intensity strength and endurance training on hormonal and skeletal muscle adaptations
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 03-1995
Feasibility, tolerance and effects of adding impact loading exercise to pulmonary rehabilitation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40814-021-00893-1
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder linked with a multitude of extra pulmonary manifestations (also known as treatable traits), including low bone mineral density (BMD). To date, no specific guidelines exist for the management of BMD in this population. Impact loading exercise has been identified as an intervention that improves or maintains BMD in other populations. However, the feasibility of and tolerance to impact loading exercise has not been tested in people with COPD. The aim of the proposed study will be to investigate the feasibility and tolerance of adding impact loading exercise to a standard pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP) in people with COPD and report its effects on bone health, balance and falls risk. This is a protocol for a pilot feasibility and tolerance randomised controlled trial (RCT). Fifty-eight people with COPD will be randomly allocated, on a 1:1 ratio, to either the experimental or control group. Initially, participants in both groups will complete a standard 8-week (twice-weekly) PRP followed by a 32-week period of maintenance exercises. Over the initial 8-week period, participants allocated to the experimental group will also undertake targeted lower limb resistance exercises and commence a programme of impact loading exercises (e.g. bounding and drop jumps). On completion of the initial 8-week PRP, in addition to the standard maintenance exercises, participants in the experimental group will continue with home-based impact loading exercises, four times a week, for the extra 32 weeks. The primary outcome of this study is feasibility of and tolerance to impact loading exercises. Feasibility will be measured using data collected pertaining to recruitment, withdrawal and completion. Adherence to the exercises will be collected using exercise logs. Tolerance to the exercises will be determined using outcomes to assess pain, recording any adverse effects such as a fall and feedback from the participants in semi-structured interviews on completing of the trial. The effects of the 40-week experimental intervention on bone health, balance and falls risk will be reported. This pilot RCT will test the feasibility and tolerance of an intervention that has never been trialed in people with COPD. It will also provide initial information regarding the size of the effect this intervention has on outcomes such as BMD, balance and falls risk. These data will be critical when designing a definitive RCT to advance this area of research. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): 12620001085965 (20/10/2020)
Testosterone Responses after Resistance Exercise in Women: Influence of Regional Fat Distribution
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2001
Isometric assessment of muscular function: The effect of joint angle
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-1995
DOI: 10.1123/JAB.11.2.205
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between isometric measures of muscular function at two different joint angles and dynamic performance. Thirteen experienced weight trainers performed two isometric tests in a bench press position, at elbow angles of 90 and 120°. Performance was assessed by a one repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press and a series of upper body bench press throws at loads of 15, 30, and 60% of the 1-RM load. The results clearly show that changing the joint angle from 120 to 90° improved the relationship between most of the tests and performance by more than 100%, possibly due to differences in motor unit recruitment patterns and differing muscle mechanics (e.g., length-tension), at varying joint angles. It was suggested that the best angle at which to assess isometric function may be the joint angle at which peak force is developed in the performance of interest.
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View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0775553
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