ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6490-2412
Current Organisations
Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
,
University of Nottingham
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Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 15-05-2015
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1210/EN.2013-1412
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1113/JPHYSIOL.2001.012926
Abstract: In man, epidemiological studies have shown that low birth weight (BW) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. In this study, the long-term consequences of variations in natural BW on basal cardiovascular function were investigated in pigs at 3 months of postnatal age. Low ( 1.52 kg n = 20) BW Large White piglets were selected from a total of 12 litters for study at 3 months of age. Basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded for approximately 30 min using standard recording equipment and basal arterial blood s les were taken for hormone analyses. Concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were also measured in kidney, lung and plasma. Basal MAP, but not HR, in 3-month-old pigs was significantly inversely related to BW and positively related to the ratio of head length to BW. Postnatal growth rate of low BW pigs was slower than that of high BW pigs such that low BW piglets remained significantly smaller at 3 months of age. There were no differences in basal plasma adrenaline or cortisol concentrations between low and high BW pigs. However, basal plasma noradrenaline concentrations were significantly elevated in low BW compared to high BW pigs. Renal and pulmonary ACE levels were significantly reduced in low BW compared to high BW pigs. These data show that basal MAP in 3-month-old pigs is negatively associated with BW and positively correlated to disproportionate size at birth. This effect was associated with an increase in basal plasma noradrenaline concentrations.
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 12-2005
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/RD16102
Abstract: The concept that postnatal health and development can be influenced by events that occur in utero originated from epidemiological studies in humans supported by numerous mechanistic (including epigenetic) studies in a variety of model species. Referred to as the ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ or ‘DOHaD’ hypothesis, the primary focus of large-animal studies until quite recently had been biomedical. Attention has since turned towards traits of commercial importance in farm animals. Herein we review the evidence that prenatal risk factors, including suboptimal parental nutrition, gestational stress, exposure to environmental chemicals and advanced breeding technologies, can determine traits such as postnatal growth, feed efficiency, milk yield, carcass composition, animal welfare and reproductive potential. We consider the role of epigenetic and cytoplasmic mechanisms of inheritance, and discuss implications for livestock production and future research endeavours. We conclude that although the concept is proven for several traits, issues relating to effect size, and hence commercial importance, remain. Studies have also invariably been conducted under controlled experimental conditions, frequently assessing single risk factors, thereby limiting their translational value for livestock production. We propose concerted international research efforts that consider multiple, concurrent stressors to better represent effects of contemporary animal production systems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11365-023-00852-7
Abstract: Technology entrepreneurship and corporate innovation are important for the development of indigenous innovation. In the digital age, founders are subject to fundamental changes in their strategy choices, which in turn affect corporate innovation performance. This paper aims to explore the strategic choices adopted by technical founders of listed companies in China’s STAR market to reap the rewards of innovation in a digital context. Based on the annual reports of 124 listed companies in China’s STAR Market, this paper applies machine learning methods to quantify digital transformation of enterprises, and empirically analyzes the relationship between technical founders and innovation performance by constructing a moderated mediating model. Our results show that companies with technical founders are more likely to adopt digital transformation and thus show better innovation performance. In terms of heterogeneity, the empirical results demonstrate that firms with technical founders show better performance in digital transformation, followed in turn by those with business founders and academic founders. Both the positive relationship between enterprise digital transformation and innovation performance and the mediating effect of digital transformation are positively moderated by venture capital or private equity support. The findings reveal the microscopic mechanism of the role of technology-based founders on corporate innovation performance and hence have practical implications for promoting corporate digital transformation and enhancing firm technological innovation.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 04-12-2007
Abstract: A complex combination of adult health-related disorders can originate from developmental events that occur in utero . The periconceptional period may also be programmable. We report on the effects of restricting the supply of specific B vitamins (i.e., B 12 and folate) and methionine, within normal physiological ranges, from the periconceptional diet of mature female sheep. We hypothesized this would lead to epigenetic modifications to DNA methylation in the preovulatory oocyte and/or preimplantation embryo, with long-term health implications for offspring. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic contributor to maintenance of gene silencing that relies on a dietary supply of methyl groups. We observed no effects on pregnancy establishment or birth weight, but this modest early dietary intervention led to adult offspring that were both heavier and fatter, elicited altered immune responses to antigenic challenge, were insulin-resistant, and had elevated blood pressure–effects that were most obvious in males. The altered methylation status of 4% of 1,400 CpG islands examined by restriction landmark genome scanning in the fetal liver revealed compelling evidence of a widespread epigenetic mechanism associated with this nutritionally programmed effect. Intriguingly, more than half of the affected loci were specific to males. The data provide the first evidence that clinically relevant reductions in specific dietary inputs to the methionine/folate cycles during the periconceptional period can lead to widespread epigenetic alterations to DNA methylation in offspring, and modify adult health-related phenotypes.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for David S Gardner.