ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5113-8830
Current Organisations
Bogor Agricultural University
,
University of Queensland
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Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-12-2018
Publisher: Institute of Research and Community Services Diponegoro University (LPPM UNDIP)
Date: 15-02-2015
Abstract: Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis Forst.) is one of sources for ethanol production, which has high starch content (89%). Ethanol production from breadfruit starch was conducted by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) technology using microbes consortium. The aim of the research was to examine a method to produce ethanol by SSF technology using microbes consortium at high yield and efficiency. The main research consisted of two treatments, namely normal SSF and enginereed SSF. The results showed that normal SSF using aeration and agitation during cultivation could produce ethanol at 11.15 ± 0.18 g/L, with the yield of product (Yp/s) 0.34 g ethanol/g substrate and yield of biomass (Yx/s) 0.29 g cell/g substrate, respectively. A better result was obtained using engineered SSF in which aeration was stopped after biomass condition has reached the end of the exponential phase. The ethanol produced was 12.75 ± 0.04 g/L, with the yields of product (Yp/s) 0.41 g ethanol/g substrate, and the yield of cell (Yx/s) 0.09 g cell/g substrate.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 29-10-2019
Abstract: The potential use of sago pith waste, bamboo, and water hyacinth based on the characteristics of raw materials to make liner paper were studied. The analysis conducted covered the analysis of physical characteristics, chemical components, morphology (SEM), functional groups (FTIR), and crystallinity (XRD). The pulp from the three kinds of fiber was molded into paper with a certain formulation. The parameters of pulp and paper observed covered the alkaline consumption, Kappa number, pulp yield, and paper physical characteristics (grammage, bursting strength, Ring Crush Test/RCT, water content, and water absorption). The chosen paper was the paper whose characteristics resembled the quality parameter of liner paper used by the paper industry and the standard in accordance with the Indonesia’s National Standard (SNI) 14-0095-1996. The microscope images showed that the three said raw materials have long fibers: sago pith waste and water hyacinth has fibers measuring respectively 1.89±0.90 and 2.07±0.39 mm, resembling hard wood, whereas bamboos have longer fibers measuring 4.61±0.72 mm, resembling soft wood. Bamboos have the best fiber composition and characteristics for pulp and liner paper. The two paper formulas that meet the criteria for liner paper are bamboo and bamboo+water hyacinth.
Publisher: Science Alert
Date: 15-06-2015
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/935/1/012043
Abstract: The potential use of sago pith waste to produce activated carbon were studied. This study examined the effect of KOH or KMnO4 as activating agent on producing ball milled sago pith waste-based activated carbon. Activation was done using KOH or KMnO 4 at 2.5% and 5% concentration, heated in a reactor to reach 800°C for 1 hour, and then continue steamed for 1 hour. S le size was reduced to nm using high-energy ball-milling at 500 rpm for 150 min. Analysis included the yield, water content, ash content, volatile matter, burnt-off weight percentage, morphology analysis, functional groups analysis (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR), crystallinity analysis (X-ray diffraction, XRD), and surface area analysis (Brunauer, Emmelt, and Teller/BET). Ball-milling treatment produced sago pith waste activated carbon of 585.40 nm and a particle distribution index (PDI) score of 0.673. The activated carbon that met the criteria of SNI 06-3730-1995 for moisture content and volatile matter were sago pith waste with activating agent KMnO 4 5%, and sago pith waste with activating agent KMnO4 5% & milling. The study showed the activated carbon that had the best Iodine number was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% (619.40 mg/g). The activated carbon that met the criteria of SNI 06-3730-1995 for methylene blue adsorbtion capacity was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% & milling and sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 5% & milling. The activated carbon with the highest surface area was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% & milling. The best activated carbon based on all parameters was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% & milling.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1996
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1QM00390A
Abstract: 3D printed cellulose can be applied to various fields, such as packaging, paper, construction, automotive and aerospace, separator, biomedical, electronic, sensor, and living ink applications.
Publisher: Universitas Indonesia, Directorate of Research and Public Service
Date: 21-10-2014
Publisher: Clinical Biotec
Date: 15-02-2022
Abstract: Cephalosporin C acylase (CCA) is an essential enzyme for the one-step conversion of cephalosporin C into 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), an intermediate compound used to synthesize various semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotics. The industrial process prefers to use enzymes in immobilized form rather than soluble. A crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEAs) is a potential matrix-less enzyme immobilization technique to produce stable immobilized enzymes with high activity and low production costs. This study aimed to optimize the CCA immobilization using the CLEAs technique with Chitosan as a co-aggregate. The CCA lysate was obtained from harvesting CCA fermentation broth using a mutant strain of Escherichia coli through cell separation and lysis steps. Partially purified CCA by ammonium sulfate addition was conducted to obtain an active fraction of 20-60% saturation, followed by co-aggregation with Chitosan to form physical CCA aggregates. The aggregates were then immobilized by a crosslinking technique using glutaraldehyde to form CLEAs-CCA. Optimization of the immobilization process was carried out by Response Surface Methodology in three steps, (i) screening of the influencing factors, (ii) determining the level of the significant factors, and (iii) optimizing the immobilization condition. The CLEAs-CCA activity was used as a response parameter. Under optimum conditions, CLEAs-CCA activity obtained was 85.91 Ug-1.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-08-2018
Publisher: Insight Society
Date: 28-08-2019
Publisher: Insight Society
Date: 2015
Publisher: AIP Publishing LLC
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4941495
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/980/1/012048
Abstract: The application of catechin is limited due to low stability, however nanoencapsulation technology can improve catechin stability. This study aimed to determine the effect of the types and concentrations surfactants in the catechin encapsulation process on β-CD. Concentrations of surfactants used were Poloxamer 188 (NKP, 0.5%-1.5%), Tween 80 (NKT, 2,5% and 3%) without surfactants was used to control (NKB). The catechin nanoemulsion complex formed was inclusion them into β-CD (ratio 1:1), and dried by spray drying. The stability test showed a s le of NKP 1% was more stable with the lower turbidity and viscosity values, namely 175 NTU and 0.93 cP, NKT 2.5% (118 NTU and 0.94 cP), NKB (461 NTU and 4.0 cP). The size of the s le particle decreased according to an increase in the surfactant concentration, where the NKP 1% (37 nm) produced smaller particles, the appearance of clear and yellowish suspension. NKP 1% had the highest EE value, followed by that NKT 2.5%, and NKB, i.e. 91.9%, 89.5%, 77.4%, respectively. S le NKP 1% had a morphology shape with compact structures and the highest crystallinity degree (92.4%). This research showed the use of surfactants could improve the stability of catechins compared to that without surfactants.
Publisher: Insight Society
Date: 22-12-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: The Japan Institute of Energy
Date: 20-08-2019
DOI: 10.3775/JIE.98.194
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/347/1/012063
Abstract: Zeolite is aluminosilicate containing pores and cavities that are usually used as absorbent materials. Nano zeolite - molybdate was used as a ripeness indicator of avocado. The ripeness indicator was made by dissolving molybdate in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and mixed with nano zeolite. This study was aimed to determine the colour change of indicator, and the relationship between the changing colour of indicator and the ripening of avocado. The ripeness indicator was prepared used activated nano zeolite with HCl 1 N for 24 h, then mixed with 4 mL peroxomolybdate. Nano zeolite-molybdate tablets was packed using 0,04 mm thick of LDPE plastic, and it was inserted inside avocado packaging. The ripeness indicator would identified by the ethylene production of avocados, and resulted changing the indicator colour from yellow to blue. The yellow colour would represent unripe avocado, but the blue colour would represent ripe avocados. The colour changing was related with the decrease of avocado quality during 10 days storage with the rate of weight loss 0.0113%, the rate of sugar level 0.7182% and the rate of avocado hardness 2.1132% by day.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/472/1/012025
Abstract: This study was performed on sweet sorghum bagasse as a medium for bio-ethanol production. The aim of this study is to design a method to produce bio-ethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) technology using Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a higher yield. Pre-treatment stage was conducted by using sodium hydroxide (2%) hydrothermal and hydrogen peroxide (7.44%) for 6 h, at temperature of 40°C and agitation of 120 rpm. The experimental setup consisted of two treatments, namely Conventional SSF (CSSF) and Engineered SSF (ESSF). The results show that Conventional SSF using full agitation and aeration can produce bio-ethanol at 6.6 g L −1 , with the yield (Y p/s) of 0.17 g bio-ethanol/g substrate, and productivity of 0.09 g L -1 h -1 . A better result is obtained using Engineered SSF which produces bio-ethanol at 10.73 g L -1 , with the yield (Y p/s) of 0.33 g bio-ethanol/g substrate and productivity of 0.15 g L -1 h -1 .
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2MA00642A
Abstract: Cellulose-based wound dressings are increasingly in demand due to their biocompatibility and extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking properties.
Publisher: Seameo Biotrop
Date: 2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2021
Publisher: Center for Journal Management and Publication, Lambung Mangkurat University
Date: 22-05-2023
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2022
Abstract: Abstract The study of controlled methods of cocoa fermentation on a small scale is important to assess the maintenance of heat generated in the last days of fermentation. The research aimed to study the impact of spontaneous fermentation in controlled fermentation systems on the quality and acceptability of fermented cocoa beans. A 2×3 complete factorial design used different controlled fermentation systems (jacket system, solar heater and wooden box) and pulp reduction as variables. S les were analyzed for fermentation index and volatile aroma composition profile using Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The profile of volatile compounds is evaluated for the studied variables using a multivariate Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The results showed increasing fermentation times in the jacket system seeing that it raised the fermentation rate and accelerated it to five days of fermentation combined with pulp reduction. The PCA analysis showed differences in the chemical composition of volatile compounds that were mainly associated with the reduction of the pulping process than the type of controlled system in four days of fermentation.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012060
Abstract: An increased population has an impact on rising fuel needs. Fuel has relied on non-renewable sources in the last few decades and therefore, alternative renewable materials are needed to be developed. Bioethanol is one of the bioenergy sources that can replace gasoline. Bioethanol generates very low emission and uses renewable sources. The development of bioethanol has three beneficial aspects, i.e. environment, energy security, and socio-economy. Various studies have been conducted on the potential materials that can be used as raw materials for bioethanol. Raw materials for bioethanol production are ided into three categories, i.e. first generation, second generation and third generation. Analysis of the characteristics, yield, productivity, availability and economy are mostly done to get the most prospective raw materials for bioethanol production. This paper discusses various raw materials for bioethanol based on differences in characteristics, sources, yield, productivity and availability of materials in Indonesia. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each as prospective materials are discussed.
Publisher: Institute of Research and Community Services Diponegoro University (LPPM UNDIP)
Date: 15-07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF02447476
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Insight Society
Date: 18-03-2016
Publisher: Universitas Indonesia, Directorate of Research and Public Service
Date: 18-09-2020
Publisher: BioResources
Date: 16-09-2020
DOI: 10.15376/BIORES.15.4.8303-8322
Abstract: Bamboo-based activated carbon was made using the activating agents KOH and KMnO4 at high temperature. This study examined the ability of unmilled and ball-milled bamboo activated using KOH or KMnO4 to fulfil the activated carbon standard parameters. Chemical activation was done using KOH and KMnO4 at 2.5% and 5% concentration, heated at 800 °C, and steamed for 1 hour. S le size was reduced to 500 nm using high energy ball-milling at 500 rpm for 80, 150, or 180 min. Analysis included the yield, water content, ash content, volatile matter content, burn-off weight percentage, morphology analysis, functional groups (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR), crystallinity analysis (X-ray diffraction, XRD), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) analysis. Ball-milling treatment for 150 min produced activated carbon of 449 nm in size and a particle distribution index (PDI) score of 0.66. Ball milled activated carbon from the experiment had a pore radius ranging from 1.18 to 2.49 nm. The activated carbon that met the criteria of ANSI/AWWA B604-12 (2012) standard for moisture content, iodine number, and JIS K 1474 (1967) standard for methylene blue adsorption level and surface area were milled activated carbon with activator KMnO4 2.5%.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2021
Abstract: Kapok fiber ( Ceiba pentandra ) is a potential source of cellulose, but its utilization is still minimal. This study aims to isolate nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from kapok fibers using acid hydrolysis at various times and characterize its properties as reinforcement for alginate‐nanocrystalline cellulose (Alg‐NCC) hydrogel beads. NCCs are characterized using various techniques, and hydrogel beads are characterized by syneresis and strength (TPA). Variations in hydrolysis time cause changes in functional groups, decrease length and diameter, increase degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability. Nanocrystalline cellulose isolation from BKF by chemical hydrolysis is better done at 60% sulfuric acid concentration, for 50 min to produce a yield of 38.92%, L / d aspect ratio ranges from 8.53 to 12.23, degree of crystallinity 71.00%, and thermal stability with maximum degradation temperature 298.69 °C. The incorporation of NCC on the Alg hydrogel beads leads to increase hardness 67.70% and decrease syneresis 4.14%. Thus, NCC can be used as a reinforcement agent because it has been shown to improve the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Alg‐NCC hydrogel beads. Alg‐NCC hydrogel beads have the potential to be widely applied in various fields.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/355/1/012109
Abstract: Kapok is a source of natural fiber in addition to cotton, which availability is abundant and contain high cellulose but not been utilized optimally. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of sulfuric acid concentration and hydrolysis time in the production process of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from kapok fiber. The research was conducted in several stages, namely the delignification with alkali hydrothermal, bleaching with alkaline hydrogen peroxide agents, isolation with sulfuric acid solutions, and NCC characterization. The optimization used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD), which consisted of two factors, namely H 2 SO 4 concentration and hydrolysis time. The optimized parameter was the crystallinity degree of the NCC. NCC characterization included functional group analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), surface profiles and dimensions by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the optimum condition of NCC isolation from kapok fiber was obtained at 54.46% (b/b) H 2 SO 4 with hydrolysis time of 48.96 minutes, resulting in a maximum degree of crystallinity of 71.8%. The hydrolysis process with H 2 SO 4 caused a change in the NCC functional group. NCC had a diameter of about 11.2 ± 2.63 nm and high thermal stability that potential for various composite materials
Publisher: International Journal of Technology
Date: 31-10-2017
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/472/1/012014
Abstract: Pandanus amaryllifolius or pandan is widely used as a source of natural seasoning such as food coloring and flavoring. The objective of this research is to study maltodextrin concentration’s effect on physical and chemical properties of pandan preparations, to substitute the use of synthetic coloring and flavoring in its application to pandan cake. Pandan leaves are extracted by distilled water with destruction method using a blender, then added with maltodextrin(w/v) as filler, as well as binder and stabilizer. The extract is converted to powder using vacuum dryer at ±60°C, then sifted with an 80 mesh sieve. The total yield test showed that 35% maltodextrin(w/v) addition had the largest amount of yield. While in the organoleptic test, the most liked color of pandan preparations was 20% maltodextrin(w/v) addition. In its application to pandan cake, the most liked color and flavor was 35% maltodextrin(w/v) addition. The comparison with synthetic coloring and flavoring showed that color has a significant effect while flavor does not. From all parameters, the best treatment of pandan preparations was the addition of 35% maltodextrin(w/v). It can be concluded that pandan preparations in powder form can be used as a substitute of synthetic coloring and flavoring.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012007
Abstract: Miniplants established by the independent smallholder’s secondary cooperative is one of the efforts to get rid from monopsony market and mill. By the existence of miniplants, Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) sales channel will not only end at mill, but also at the miniplant in spite of in limited capacity. Each channel of FFB sales should be supported by the credible price information and the integrated purchase system. To fulfill the need of real-time & transparent price information and the integrated FFB purchase system can be realized by developing mobile application Software as a Service (SaaS) of FFB’s purchase based on a cloud platform. The method used to develop the mobile application is a system approach following the stages in SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) starting from the ideas, user requirements, system requirements, designing, deployment and maintenance. This study is restricted until the stage of designing and generating Business Process Diagram, Use Case Diagram, Data Conceptual Model and Mock up only. Both diagram and model generated in this study aids develop FFB purchase mobile application. The large number of independent smallholders has the opportunity to get a large number of mobile application users. The application will generate a large amount of data. These data can be used to develop various tools as part of the FFB e-procurement system to ensure the supply of independent smallholders’ FFB can be used for biodiesel development programs as expected by the government of Indonesia.
No related grants have been discovered for Khaswar Syamsu.