ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8235-7270
Current Organisation
University of Nottingham
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-05-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10548-019-00715-X
Abstract: Existing literature on sensory deprivation suggests that short-lasting periods of dark adaptation (DA) can cause changes in visual cortex excitability. DA cortical effects have previously been assessed through phosphene perception, i.e., the ability to report visual sensations when a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse is delivered over the visual cortex. However, phosphenes represent an indirect measure of visual cortical excitability which relies on a subjective report. Here, we aimed at overcoming this limitation by assessing visual cortical excitability by combining subjective (i.e., TMS-induced phosphenes) and objective (i.e., TMS-evoked potentials - TEPs) measurements in a TMS-EEG protocol after 30 min of DA. DA effects were compared to a control condition, entailing 30 min of controlled light exposure. TMS was applied at 11 intensities in order to estimate the psychometric function of phosphene report and explore the relationship between TEPs and TMS intensity. Compared to light adaptation, after DA the slope of the psychometric function was significantly steeper, and the litude of a TEP component (P60) was lower, only for high TMS intensities. The perceptual threshold was not affected by DA. These results support the idea that DA leads to a change in the excitability of the visual cortex, accompanied by a behavioral modification of visual perception. Furthermore, this study provides a first valuable description of the relationship between TMS intensity and visual TEPs.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2009.04.023
Abstract: The combination of brain stimulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) recording has the potential to be of great value for understanding human brain functions. Recording EEG during TMS can be technically challenging because TMS induces a very strong electrical field that can saturate recording lifiers for a long duration. Advances in lifier technology, however, have led to the development of TMS-compatible EEG equipment that can work in very high, time-varying magnetic fields without saturation. The aim of the present study was to identify stimulus-related artifacts, and to provide experimental data containing the length of the artifact induced by the magnetic field and its variations with respect to the experimental setting. A phantom head was stimulated to record the artifact while excluding cortical responses. We tested different types of electrodes, coils, models of stimulator, and frequencies and intensities of stimulation to see how these parameters influence the duration of the artifact. The electrical artifact produced by the magnetic pulse lasted approximately 5 ms following TMS onset. Its length was invariant irrespective of different experimental conditions. These data suggest that it is possible to analyze the cortical evoked response induced by TMS 5 ms after TMS onset. The possibility to study the early physiological responses to TMS stimulation may have valuable implications for both clinical and experimental purposes, providing information about the early direct cortical response of the stimulated areas.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2014.12.014
Abstract: Recent developments in neuroscience have emphasised the importance of integrated distributed networks of brain areas for successful cognitive functioning. Our current understanding is that the brain has a modular organisation in which segregated networks supporting specialised processing are linked through a few long-range connections, ensuring processing integration. Although such architecture is structurally stable, it appears to be flexible in its functioning, enabling long-range connections to regulate the information flow and facilitate communication among the relevant modules, depending on the contingent cognitive demands. Here we show how insights brought by the coregistration of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) integrate and support recent models of functional brain architecture. Moreover, we will highlight the types of data that can be obtained through TMS-EEG, such as the timing of signal propagation, the excitatory/inhibitory nature of connections and causality. Last, we will discuss recent emerging applications of TMS-EEG in the study of brain disorders.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 20-01-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524682
Abstract: Statistical power in cognitive neuroimaging experiments is often very low. Low s le size can reduce the likelihood of detecting real effects (false negatives) and increase the risk of detecting non-existing effects by chance (false positives). Here we document our experience of leveraging a relatively unexplored method of collecting a large s le size for simple electroencephalography (EEG) studies: by recording EEG in the community during public engagement and outreach events. We collected data from 346 participants (189 females, age range 6-76 years) over 6 days, totalling 29 hours, at local science festivals. Alpha activity (6-15 Hz) was filtered from 30 seconds of signal, recorded from a single electrode placed between the occipital midline (Oz) and inion (Iz) while participants rested with their eyes closed. A total of 289 good quality datasets were obtained. Using this community-based approach, we were able to replicate controlled, lab-based findings: IAF increased during childhood, reaching a peak frequency of 10.28 Hz at 28.1 years old, and slowed again in middle and older age. Total alpha power decreased linearly, but the aperiodic-adjusted alpha power did not change over the lifespan. Aperiodic slopes and intercepts were highest in the youngest participants. There were no associations between these EEG indexes and self-reported fatigue, measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Finally, we present a set of important considerations for researchers who wish to collect EEG data within public engagement and outreach environments.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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