ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0359-2104
Current Organisations
LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics
,
University of Goettingen
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.13108
Abstract: Empirical phylogeographic studies have progressively s led greater numbers of loci over time, in part motivated by theoretical papers showing that estimates of key demographic parameters improve as the number of loci increases. Recently, next-generation sequencing has been applied to questions about organismal history, with the promise of revolutionizing the field. However, no systematic assessment of how phylogeographic data sets have changed over time with respect to overall size and information content has been performed. Here, we quantify the changing nature of these genetic data sets over the past 20 years, focusing on papers published in Molecular Ecology. We found that the number of independent loci, the total number of alleles s led and the total number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) per data set has improved over time, with particularly dramatic increases within the past 5 years. Interestingly, uniparentally inherited organellar markers (e.g. animal mitochondrial and plant chloroplast DNA) continue to represent an important component of phylogeographic data. Single-species studies (cf. comparative studies) that focus on vertebrates (particularly fish and to some extent, birds) represent the gold standard of phylogeographic data collection. Based on the current trajectory seen in our survey data, forecast modelling indicates that the median number of SNPs per data set for studies published by the end of the year 2016 may approach ~20,000. This survey provides baseline information for understanding the evolution of phylogeographic data sets and underscores the fact that development of analytical methods for handling very large genetic data sets will be critical for facilitating growth of the field.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/GCBB.13088
Abstract: The rapidly growing areal extent of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations and their high fertilizer input raises concerns about their role as substantial N 2 O sources. In this study, we present the first eddy covariance (EC) measurements of ecosystem‐scale N 2 O fluxes in an oil palm plantation and combine them with vented soil chamber measurements of point‐scale soil N 2 O fluxes. Based on EC measurements during the period August 2017 to April 2019, the studied oil palm plantation in the tropical lowlands of Jambi Province (Sumatra, Indonesia) is a high source of N 2 O, with average emission of 0.32 ± 0.003 g N 2 O‐N m −2 year −1 (149.85 ± 1.40 g CO 2 ‐equivalent m −2 year −1 ). Compared to the EC‐based N 2 O flux, average chamber‐based soil N 2 O fluxes (0.16 ± 0.047 g N 2 O‐N m −2 year −1 , 74.93 ± 23.41 g CO 2 ‐equivalent m −2 year −1 ) are significantly (~49%, p 0.05) lower, suggesting that important N 2 O pathways are not covered by the chamber measurements. Conventional chamber‐based N 2 O emission estimates from oil palm up‐scaled to ecosystem level might therefore be substantially underestimated. We show that the dynamic gas exchange of the oil palm canopy with the atmosphere and the oil palms' response to meteorological and soil conditions may play an important but yet widely unexplored role in the N 2 O budget of oil palm plantations. Diel pattern of N 2 O fluxes showed strong causal relationships with photosynthesis‐related variables, i.e. latent heat flux, incoming photosynthetically active radiation and gross primary productivity during day time, and ecosystem respiration and soil temperature during night time. At longer time scales ( days), soil temperature and water‐filled pore space gained importance on N 2 O flux variation. These results suggest a plant‐mediated N 2 O transport, providing important input for modelling approaches and strategies to mitigate the negative impact of N 2 O emissions from oil palm cultivation through appropriate site selection and management.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-02-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-14852-6
Abstract: The potential of palm-oil biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with fossil fuels is increasingly questioned. So far, no measurement-based GHG budgets were available, and plantation age was ignored in Life Cycle Analyses (LCA). Here, we conduct LCA based on measured CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in young and mature Indonesian oil palm plantations. CO 2 dominates the on-site GHG budgets. The young plantation is a carbon source (1012 ± 51 gC m −2 yr −1 ), the mature plantation a sink (−754 ± 38 gC m −2 yr −1 ). LCA considering the measured fluxes shows higher GHG emissions for palm-oil biodiesel than traditional LCA assuming carbon neutrality. Plantation rotation-cycle extension and earlier-yielding varieties potentially decrease GHG emissions. Due to the high emissions associated with forest conversion to oil palm, our results indicate that only biodiesel from second rotation-cycle plantations or plantations established on degraded land has the potential for pronounced GHG emission savings.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/F12030359
Abstract: Rainforest conversion to woody croplands impacts the carbon cycle via ecophysiological processes such as photosynthesis and autotrophic respiration. Changes in the carbon cycle associated with land-use change can be estimated through Land Surface Models (LSMs). The accuracy of carbon flux estimation in carbon fluxes associated with land-use change has been attributed to uncertainties in the model parameters affecting photosynthetic activity, which is a function of both carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and electron transport capacity (Jmax). In order to reduce such uncertainties for common tropical woody crops and trees, in this study we measured Vcmax25 (Vcmax standardized to 25 °C), Jmax25 (Jmax standardized to 25 °C) and light-saturated photosynthetic capacity (Amax) of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (oil palm), Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), and two native tree species, Eusideroxylon zwageri and Alstonia scholaris, in a converted landscape in Jambi province (Sumatra, Indonesia) at smallholder plantations. We considered three plantations a monoculture rubber, a monoculture oil palm, and an agroforestry system (jungle rubber plantation), where rubber trees coexist with some native trees. We performed measurements on leaves at the lower part of the canopy, and used a scaling method based on exponential function to scale up photosynthetic capacity related traits to the top of the canopy. At the lower part of the canopy, we found (i) high Vcmax25 values for H. brasiliensis from monoculture rubber plantation and jungle rubber plantation that was linked to a high area-based leaf nitrogen content, and (ii) low value of Amax for E. guineensis from oil palm plantation that was due to a low value of Vcmax25 and a high value of dark respiration. At the top of the canopy, Amax varied much more than Vcmax25 among different land-use types. We found that photosynthetic capacity declined fastest from the top to the lower part of the canopy in oil palm plantations. We demonstrate that photosynthetic capacity related traits measured at the lower part of the canopy can be successfully scaled up to the top of the canopy. We thus provide helpful new data that can be used to constrain LSMs that simulate land-use change related to rubber and oil palm expansion.
Location: Germany
No related grants have been discovered for Marife D. Corre.