ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3982-4325
Current Organisations
University of Southampton
,
Harvard University
,
Office for National Statistics
,
British Medical Journal (The BMJ)
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Publications
Incidence Trends of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in British Columbia, Canada
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Association of Timing and Balance of Physical Activity and Rest/Sleep With Risk of COVID-19: A UK Biobank Study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 27-09-2023
Development of the TrAnsparent ReportinG of observational studies Emulating a Target trial (TARGET) guideline
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2023
COVID-19 mortality: a complex interplay of sex, gender and ethnicity
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-08-2020
Social inequality and the syndemic of chronic disease and COVID-19: county-level analysis in the USA
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-01-2021
Abstract: Given the effect of chronic diseases on risk of severe COVID-19 infection, the present pandemic may have a particularly profound impact on socially disadvantaged counties. Counties in the USA were categorised into five groups by level of social vulnerability, using the Social Vulnerability Index (a widely used measure of social disadvantage) developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence and mortality from COVID-19, and the prevalence of major chronic conditions were calculated relative to the least vulnerable quintile using Poisson regression models. Among 3141 counties, there were 5 010 496 cases and 161 058 deaths from COVID-19 by 10 August 2020. Relative to the least vulnerable quintile, counties in the most vulnerable quintile had twice the rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths (rate ratios 2.11 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.26) and 2.42 (95% CI 2.22 to 2.64), respectively). Similarly, the prevalence of major chronic conditions was 24%–41% higher in the most vulnerable counties. Geographical clustering of counties with high COVID-19 mortality, high chronic disease prevalence and high social vulnerability was found, especially in southern USA. Some counties are experiencing a confluence of epidemics from COVID-19 and chronic diseases in the context of social disadvantage. Such counties are likely to require enhanced public health and social support.
Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-019-1545-0
Abstract: Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.
Association between household size and COVID-19: A UK Biobank observational study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-02-2022
DOI: 10.1177/01410768211073923
Abstract: Summary To assess the association between household size and risk of non-severe or severe COVID-19. A longitudinal observational study. This study utilised UK Biobank linked to national SARS-CoV-2 laboratory test data. 401,910 in iduals with available data on household size in UK Biobank. Household size was categorised as single occupancy, two-person households and households of three or more. Severe COVID-19 was defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 test on hospital admission or death with COVID-19 recorded as the underlying cause and non-severe COVID-19 as a positive test from a community setting. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess associations, adjusting for potential confounders. Of 401,910 in iduals, 3612 (1%) were identified as having suffered from a severe COVID-19 infection and 11,264 (2.8%) from a non-severe infection, between 16 March 2020 and 16 March 2021. Overall, the odds of severe COVID-19 was significantly higher among in iduals living alone (adjusted odds ratio: 1.24 [95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.36], or living in a household of three or more in iduals (adjusted odds ratio: 1.28 [1.17 to 1.39], when compared to in iduals living in a household of two. For non-severe COVID-19 infection, in iduals living in a single-occupancy household had lower odds compared to those living in a household of two (adjusted odds ratio: 0.88 [0.82 to 0.93]. Odds of severe or non-severe COVID-19 infection were associated with household size. Increasing understanding of why certain households are more at risk is important for limiting spread of the infection.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a diabetes education and behavioural weight management programme versus a diabetes education programme in adults with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: study pr
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-035020
Abstract: People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can improve glycaemic control or even achieve remission through weight loss and reduce their use of medication and risk of cardiovascular disease. The Glucose Lowering through Weight management (GLoW) trial will evaluate whether a tailored diabetes education and behavioural weight management programme (DEW) is more effective and cost-effective than a diabetes education (DE) programme in helping people with overweight or obesity and a recent diagnosis of T2D to lower their blood glucose, lose weight and improve other markers of cardiovascular risk. This study is a pragmatic, randomised, single-blind, parallel group, two-arm, superiority trial. We will recruit 576 adults with body mass index kg/m 2 and diagnosis of T2D in the past 3 years and randomise them to a tailored DEW or a DE programme. Participants will attend measurement appointments at a local general practitioner practice or research centre at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome is 12-month change in glycated haemoglobin. The effect of the intervention on the primary outcome will be estimated and tested using a linear regression model (analysis of covariance) including randomisation group and adjusted for baseline value of the outcome and the randomisation stratifiers. Participants will be included in the group to which they were randomised, under the intention-to-treat principle. Secondary outcomes include 6-month and 12-month changes in body weight, body fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lipid profile probability of achieving good glycaemic control probability of achieving remission from diabetes probability of losing 5% and 10% body weight and modelled cardiovascular risk (UKPDS). An intention-to-treat within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted from NHS and societal perspectives using participant-level data. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with participants to understand why and how the programme achieved its results and how participants manage their weight after the programme ends. Ethical approval was received from East of Scotland Research Ethics Service on 15 May 2018 (18/ES/0048). This protocol (V.3) was approved on 19 June 2019. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and communicated to other stakeholders as appropriate. ISRCTN18399564 .
Association Between Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Severity of COVID-19 in UK Biobank
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Patterns of Multimorbidity and Risk of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: an observational study in the U.K
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 23-10-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.21.20216721
Abstract: Pre-existing comorbidities have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection but evidence is sparse on the importance and pattern of multimorbidity (2 or more conditions) and severity of infection indicated by hospitalisation or mortality. We aimed to use a multimorbidity index developed specifically for COVID-19 to investigate the association between multimorbidity and risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used data from the UK Biobank linked to laboratory confirmed test results for SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality data from Public Health England between March 16 and July 26, 2020. By reviewing the current literature on COVID-19 we derived a multimorbidity index including: 1) angina 2) asthma 3) atrial fibrillation 4) cancer 5) chronic kidney disease 6) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7) diabetes mellitus 8) heart failure 9) hypertension 10) myocardial infarction 11) peripheral vascular disease 12) stroke. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between multimorbidity and risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (hospitalisation or death). Potential effect modifiers of the association were assessed: age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, smoking status, body mass index, air pollution, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, cardiorespiratory fitness, high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Among 360,283 participants, the median age was 68 [range, 48-85] years, most were White (94.5%), and 1,706 had severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence of multimorbidity was more than double in those with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (25%) compared to those without (11%), and clusters of several multimorbidities were more common in those with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common clusters with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were stroke with hypertension (79% of those with stroke had hypertension) diabetes and hypertension (72%) and chronic kidney disease and hypertension (68%). Multimorbidity was independently associated with a greater risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (adjusted odds ratio 1.91 [95% confidence interval 1.70, 2.15] compared to no multimorbidity). The risk remained consistent across potential effect modifiers, except for greater risk among men. The risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is higher in in iduals with multimorbidity, indicating the need to target research and resources in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection and multimorbidity.
Related Organisations
University Of Southampton
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Office For National Statistics
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
British Medical Journal (The BMJ)
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of Cambridge
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
University Of Oxford
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Nazrul Islam.