ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0430-6782
Current Organisation
Philipps-Universität Marburg
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Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 17-06-2019
DOI: 10.1167/19.6.17
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-022-10107-4
Abstract: According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, persuasion can occur via two different routes (the central route and peripheral route), with the route utilized dependent on factors associated with motivation and ability. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of need for cognition (NFC) and perceived relevance on the processing of physical activity messages designed to persuade via either the central route or the peripheral route. Participants ( N = 50) were randomized to receive messages optimized for central route processing or messages optimized for peripheral route processing. Eye-tracking devices were used to assess attention, which was the primary outcome. Message perceptions and the extent of persuasion (changes in physical activity determinants) were also assessed via self-report as secondary outcomes. Moderator effects were examined using interaction terms within mixed effects models and linear regression models. There were no detected interactions between condition and NFC for any of the study outcomes (all p s .05). Main effects of personal relevance were observed for some self-report outcomes, with increased relevance associated with better processing outcomes. An interaction between need for cognition and personal relevance was observed for perceived behavioral control ( p = 0.002) greater relevance was associated with greater perceived behavioral control for those with a higher need for cognition. Matching physical activity messages based on NFC may not increase intervention efficacy. Relevance of materials is associated with greater change in physical activity determinants and may be more so among those with a higher NFC.
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 10-2019
Abstract: Across saccades, humans can integrate the low-resolution presaccadic information of an upcoming saccade target with the high-resolution postsaccadic information. There is converging evidence to suggest that transsaccadic integration occurs at the saccade target. However, given ergent evidence on the spatial specificity of related mechanisms such as attention, visual working memory, and remapping, it is unclear whether integration is also possible at locations other than the saccade target. We tested the spatial profile of transsaccadic integration, by testing perceptual performance at six locations around the saccade target and between the saccade target and initial fixation. Results show that integration benefits do not differ between the saccade target and surrounding locations. Transsaccadic integration benefits are not specific to the saccade target and can occur at other locations when they are behaviorally relevant, although there is a trend for worse performance for the location above initial fixation compared with those in the direction of the saccade. This suggests that transsaccadic integration may be a more general mechanism used to reconcile task-relevant pre- and postsaccadic information at attended locations other than the saccade target. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that integration of pre- and postsaccadic information across saccades is not restricted to the saccade target. We found performance benefits of transsaccadic integration at attended locations other than the saccade target, and these benefits did not differ from those found at the saccade target. This suggests that transsaccadic integration may be a more general mechanism used to reconcile pre- and postsaccadic information at task-relevant locations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2022.05.011
Abstract: To create an accurate percept of the world, the visual system relies on past experience and prior assumptions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2022.09.036
Abstract: The discovery of mental rotation was one of the most significant landmarks in experimental psychology, leading to the ongoing assumption that to visually compare objects from different three-dimensional viewpoints, we use explicit internal simulations of object rotations, to 'mentally adjust' one object until it matches the other
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 10-04-2015
DOI: 10.1167/15.5.10
Abstract: While the attentional shift preceding a saccadic eye movement has been well documented, the mechanisms surrounding the attentional shift preceding a reach are not well understood. It is unknown whether these mechanisms may be the same as those used in perceptual tasks, or those used in the planning of a saccade. We mapped the spatiotemporal properties of attention relative to a reach to determine the time course of attentional facilitation for hand movements alone. Participants had to reach toward a target and during the reach a perceptual probe could appear at one of six locations around the target, and at nine temporal offsets relative to the cue. Results showed a consistent pattern of facilitation in the planning stages of the reach, with attention increasing and then reaching a plateau during the completion of the movement before dropping off. These results demonstrate that planning a hand movement necessitates a shift in attention across the visual field around 150 ms before the onset of a reach. While these results are broadly consistent with the results of experiments mapping attentional shifts for saccades, the spatiotemporal profile of facilitation found shows that reaching without a concurrent eye movement also causes shifts in attention across the visual field. These results also suggest that the profile of the attentional shift preceding and during a hand movement is different at different locations across the visual field.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-08-2017
DOI: 10.3758/S13414-017-1400-Z
Abstract: People make movements in a variety of directions when interacting with the world around them. It has been well documented that attention shifts to the goal of an upcoming movement, whether the movement is a saccade or a reach. However, recent evidence suggests that the direction of a movement may influence the spatial spread of attention (Stewart & Ma-Wyatt, 2015, Journal of Vision, 15(5), 10). We investigated whether the spatiotemporal profile of attention differs depending on where that location is situated relative to the direction of movement, and if this pattern is consistent across different movement effectors. We compared attentional facilitation at locations in line with or orthogonal to the movement, for reach-only, reach-plus-saccade, and saccade-only conditions. Results show that the spatiotemporal profile of attention differs across different movement combinations, and is also different at target locations orthogonal to and in line with the movement direction. Specifically, when a reach alone was made, there was a general decrease in attention at all locations during the movement and a general increase in attention at all locations with a saccade only. However, the concurrent reach and saccade condition showed a premovement attentional facilitation at locations orthogonal to movement direction, but not those in line with the movement direction. These results suggest attentional guidance may be more important at differing time points, depending on the type of movement.
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 21-08-2019
DOI: 10.1167/19.9.12
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 03-11-2020
DOI: 10.1167/JOV.20.12.2
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-06357-7
Abstract: Our environment contains an abundance of objects which humans interact with daily, gathering visual information using sequences of eye-movements to choose which object is best-suited for a particular task. This process is not trivial, and requires a complex strategy where task affordance defines the search strategy, and the estimated precision of the visual information gathered from each object may be used to track perceptual confidence for object selection. This study addresses the fundamental problem of how such visual information is metacognitively represented and used for subsequent behaviour, and reveals a complex interplay between task affordance, visual information gathering, and metacogntive decision making. People fixate higher-utility objects, and most importantly retain metaknowledge about how much information they have gathered about these objects, which is used to guide perceptual report choices. These findings suggest that such metacognitive knowledge is important in situations where decisions are based on information acquired in a temporal sequence.
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 14-10-2020
DOI: 10.1167/JOV.20.10.13
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
No related grants have been discovered for Emma Stewart.