ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7040-4252
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-10-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PRS.12320
Abstract: Pakistan is a developing country and has various chemical process industries to fulfill the local demands of numerous chemical products. In order to maintain the uninterrupted production from these industries, safety protocols need to be implemented. Safety progress must be studied with passage of time to identify the gaps and to decide the future actions. In this article, process safety in various chemical process industries (CPIs) of Pakistan is investigated regarding process safety management (PSM) and process hazard analysis (PHA). The covered industries include mainly fertilizer complexes, food processing plants, gas and oil processing plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, polymer processing plants, paper industries, tire industries, and sugar industries. This research will help in addressing the weaknesses. A comparative analysis of all considered CPIs is provided graphically. Overall analysis of all industries depicts that more emphasis on three categories is required, namely (1) documents upgradation and staff communication, (2) PHA revision and auditing, (3) PHA recommendations documentation and implementation. Provided suggestions, the implementation of PSM and PHA in Pakistan CPIs is expected to enhance, which may lead to a substantial increase in productivity of these industries without accidents.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-11-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PRS.12207
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.155654
Abstract: Plastic packaging is causing a serious environmental concern owing to its difficulty in degrading and micro-particulates' emissions. Developing biodegradable films has gained research attention to overcome ecological and health issues associated with plastic based packaging. One alternative substitute for petroleum-based plastic is nanocellulose based films, having distinguishing characteristics such as biodegradability, renewability, and non-toxicity. Nanocellulose is classified into three major types, i.e., cellulose nanofibril, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial nanocellulose. However, the scope of this review is limited to cellulose nanofibril (CNF) because this is the only one of major types that could be turned into film at a competitive cost with petroleum derived polymers. This paper provides a concise insight on the current trends and production methods of CNF. Additionally, the methods for transforming CNF into films are also discussed in this review. However, the focus of this review is the CNF films produced via spray deposition, their properties and applications, and fundamental challenges associated with their commercialization. Spray deposition or spray coating is an ideal candidate as a large-scale production technique of CNF films due to its remarkable features such as rapidity, flexibility, and continuity. Spray deposited CNF films exhibit excellent mechanical properties and oxygen barrier performance, while, possessing limited moisture barrier performance. The possible pathways to improve the moisture barrier performance and optical properties of these films are also discussed in this review. The existing publications on spray deposited CNF films are also highlighted from the literature. Finally, the current status of industrial production of these films and opportunities for academics and industries are also presented, indicating that fibre production capacity needs to be enhanced.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/SYS.21732
Location: Pakistan
No related grants have been discovered for Engr. Dr. Muhammad Athar.