ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4375-4446
Current Organisation
Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg - Universitätsklinikum der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing | Water Resources Engineering | Geomatic Engineering | Communications Technologies | Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified | Landscape Ecology | Environmental Engineering | Antennas and Propagation | Microwave and Millimetrewave Theory and Technology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Water Allocation and Quantification | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Forest and Woodlands Water Management | Integration of Farm and Forestry | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales | Forest and Woodlands Land Management | Expanding Knowledge in Technology
Related Links
Publications
Rainfall estimation by inverting SMOS soil moisture estimates: A comparison of different methods over Australia
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 25-10-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016JD025382
Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-10-2014
Can SMOS data be used directly on the 15-km discrete global Grid?
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2014
Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Molecular Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Healthy and Tumor Xenograft Mouse Models
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-06-2019
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201906.0275.V1
Abstract: Ketogenic diet (KD) is getting in the focus as auxiliary cancer therapy, since it provides sufficient energy supply for healthy cells, while impairing energy production in tumor cells underlying the Warburg effect. Thereby, it can assist in inhibiting tumor growth and simultaneously counteract cachexia, which is frequently observed in cancer patients under chemotherapy. In order to provide molecular evidence for the proposed synergistic inhibition of tumor growth, we applied untargeted quantitative metabolome analysis on a breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Healthy mice and such bearing breast cancer xenografts and receiving chemotherapy were compared after treatment with control diet and KD. Metabolomic profiling was performed on plasma s les, applying high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis revealed metabolic fingerprints comprising numerous significantly regulated features in the group of mice bearing breast cancer. This fingerprint disappeared after treatment with KD, resulting in recovery to the metabolic status observed in healthy mice receiving control diet. Moreover, amino acid metabolism as well as fatty acid transport were found to be affected by both, the tumor and the applied KD. Our results provide clear evidence of a significant molecular effect of KD in the context of tumor growth inhibition.
Galanin System in the Human Bile Duct and Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-06-2023
Abstract: Background: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is characterised by poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is essential for patient survival. The peptide galanin (GAL) and its receptors GAL1–3 are expressed in various tumours. Detailed characterisation of the GAL system in pCCA is lacking. Our study sought to characterise GAL and GAL1–3 receptor (GAL1–3–R) expression in the healthy human bile duct, in cholestasis and pCCA. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in healthy controls (n = 5) and in the peritumoural tissues (with and without cholestasis) (n = 20) and tumour tissues of pCCA patients (n = 33) using validated antibodies. The score values of GAL and GAL1–3–R expression were calculated and statistically evaluated. Results: GAL and GAL1–R were expressed in various bile duct cell types. GAL2–R was only slightly but still expressed in almost all the examined tissues, and GAL3–R specifically in cholangiocytes and capillaries. In a small pCCA patient cohort (n = 18), high GAL expression correlated with good survival, whereas high GAL3–R correlated with poor survival. Conclusions: Our in-depth characterisation of the GAL system in the healthy human biliary duct and pCCA in a small patient cohort revealed that GAL and GAL3–R expression in tumour cells of pCCA patients could potentially represent suitable biomarkers for survival.
Intensification of future low-flow events in relation to projected changes in large-scale climate drivers due to climate change
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-15366
Abstract: & & Large-scale climate processes such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) influence the hydro-climatology of Southeast Australia (SEA). In the present study, we show that low-flow events in many catchments in SEA are significantly influenced by variability in these climate drivers. Extreme value distributions and Generalised Linear Models (GLMs) are used here to model low-flow characteristics such as intensity, duration and frequency with respect to these climate drivers. Further, we study how the future projections of ENSO, IOD and SAM are likely to evolve under climate change by examining the projected values of their representative indices and how they will impact low-flow events in the region. It is found that the future dry phases of these climate drivers are likely to be more dry than those in the historic period. This in turn is expected to lead to intensification of low-flow events in the future, resulting in lower availability of fresh water during occurrences of the dry phases of these climate drivers. Thus, climate change in the future is expected to significantly influence future low-flow events in the region thereby making it even more crucial for water managers to adequately manage and ensure water availability.& & & & & br& Keywords: low-flows, ENSO, IOD, SAM, Extreme Value Theory, Generalised Linear Models, Southeast Australia, CMIP5, RCP8.5.& &
Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Molecular Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Healthy and Tumor Xenograft Mouse Models
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS20163873
Abstract: The application of ketogenic diet (KD) (high fat/low carbohydrate/adequate protein) as an auxiliary cancer therapy is a field of growing attention. KD provides sufficient energy supply for healthy cells, while possibly impairing energy production in highly glycolytic tumor cells. Moreover, KD regulates insulin and tumor related growth factors (like insulin growth factor-1, IGF-1). In order to provide molecular evidence for the proposed additional inhibition of tumor growth when combining chemotherapy with KD, we applied untargeted quantitative metabolome analysis on a spontaneous breast cancer xenograft mouse model, using MDA-MB-468 cells. Healthy mice and mice bearing breast cancer xenografts and receiving cyclophosphamide chemotherapy were compared after treatment with control diet and KD. Metabolomic profiling was performed on plasma s les, applying high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis revealed metabolic fingerprints comprising numerous significantly regulated features in the group of mice bearing breast cancer. This fingerprint disappeared after treatment with KD, resulting in recovery to the metabolic status observed in healthy mice receiving control diet. Moreover, amino acid metabolism as well as fatty acid transport were found to be affected by both the tumor and the applied KD. Our results provide clear evidence of a significant molecular effect of adjuvant KD in the context of tumor growth inhibition and suggest additional mechanisms of tumor suppression beyond the proposed constrain in energy supply of tumor cells.
Joint assimilation of surface soil moisture and LAI observations into a land surface model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
The Polarimetric L-Band Imaging Synthetic Aperture Radar (PLIS): Description, Calibration, and Cross-Validation
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2018
Towards soil property retrieval from space: A one-dimensional twin-experiment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Airborne forest monitoring during SMAPEx-3 campaign
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2013
Downscaling SMOS-Derived Soil Moisture Using MODIS Visible/Infrared Data
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2011
The Soil Moisture Active Passive Experiments (SMAPEx): Toward Soil Moisture Retrieval From the SMAP Mission
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2014
Identification of Agricultural Row Features Using Optical Data for Scattering and Reflectance Modeling Over Periodic Surfaces
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Towards soil property retrieval from space: An application with disaggregated satellite observations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Towards validation of SMAP: SMAPEX-4 & -5
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2016
Retrieval of Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent Using Dual Polarization SAR Data
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-04-2020
DOI: 10.3390/RS12071183
Abstract: This paper deals with the retrieval of snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE) using dual-polarization (HH-VV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The effect of different snowpack conditions on the SD and SWE inversion accuracy was demonstrated by using three TerraSAR-X acquisitions. The algorithm is based on the relationship between the SD, the co-polar phase difference (CPD), and particle anisotropy. The Dhundi observatory in the Indian Himalaya was selected as a validation test site where a field c aign was conducted for ground truth measurements in January 2016. Using the field measured values of the snow parameters, the particle anisotropy has been optimized and provided as an input to the SD retrieval algorithm. A spatially variable snow density ( ρ s ) was used for the estimation of the SWE, and a temporal resolution of 90 m was achieved in the inversion process. When the retrieval accuracy was tested for different snowpack conditions, it was found that the proposed algorithm shows good accuracy for recrystallized dry snowpack without distinct layering and low wetness (w). The statistical indices, namely, the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute difference (MAD), and percentage error (PE), were used for the accuracy assessment. The algorithm was able to retrieve SD with an average MAE and RMSE of 6.83 cm and 7.88 cm, respectively. The average MAE and RMSE values for SWE were 17.32 mm and 21.41 mm, respectively. The best case PE in the SD and the SWE retrieval were 8.22 cm and 18.85 mm, respectively.
DisPATCh as a tool to evaluate coarse-scale remotely sensed soil moisture using localized in situ measurements: Application to SMOS and AMSR-E data in Southeastern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Towards a general equation for frequency domain reflectometers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
Dual-Polarization GNSS-R Interference Pattern Technique for Soil Moisture Mapping
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2014
Estimating the Effective Soil Temperature at L-Band as a Function of Soil Properties
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2008
Improved GNSS-R Altimetry Methods: Theory and Experimental Demonstration Using Airborne Dual Frequency Data from the Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer (MIR)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/RS13204186
Abstract: Altimetric performance of Global Navigation Satellite System - Reflectometry (GNSS-R) instruments depends on receiver’s bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The altimetric delay is usually computed from the time difference between the peak of the direct signal waveform and the maximum of the derivative of the reflected signal waveform. Dual-frequency data gathered by the airborne Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer (MIR) in the Bass Strait, between Australia and Tasmania, suggest that this approach is only valid for flat surfaces and large bandwidth receivers. This work analyses different methods to compute the altimetric observables using GNSS-R. A proposed novel method, the Peak-to-Minimum of the 3rd Derivative (P-Min3D) for narrow-band codes (e.g., L1 C/A), and the Peak-to-Half Power (P-HP) for large bandwidth codes (e.g., L5 or E5a codes) show improved performance when using real data. Both methods are also compared to the Peak-to-Peak (P-P) and Peak-to-Maximum of the 1st Derivative (P-Max1D) methods. The key difference between these methods is the determination of the delay position in the reflected signal waveform in order to compute the altimetric observable. Airborne experimental results comparing the different methods, bands and GNSS-R processing techniques show that centimeter level accuracy can be achieved.
Expression of Oxidative Phosphorylation Complexes and Mitochondrial Mass in Pediatric and Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 06-01-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9151169
Abstract: Introduction. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a multifactorial intestinal disorder but its precise etiology remains elusive. As the cells of the intestinal mucosa have high energy demands, mitochondria may play a role in IBD pathogenesis. The present study is aimed at evaluating the expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in IBD. Material and Methods. 286 intestinal biopsy s les from the terminal ileum, ascending colon, and rectum from 124 probands (34 CD, 33 UC, and 57 controls) were stained immunohistochemically for all five OXPHOS complexes and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 protein (VDAC1 or porin). Expression levels were compared in multivariate models including disease stage (CD and UC compared to controls) and age (pediatric/adult). Results. Analysis of the terminal ileum of CD patients revealed a significant reduction of complex II compared to controls, and a trend to lower levels was evident for VDAC1 and the other OXPHOS complexes except complex III. A similar pattern was found in the rectum of UC patients: VDAC1, complex I, complex II, and complex IV were all significantly reduced, and complex III and V showed a trend to lower levels. Reductions were more prominent in older patients compared to pediatric patients and more marked in UC than CD. Conclusion. A reduced mitochondrial mass is present in UC and CD compared to controls. This is potentially a result of alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis or mitophagy. Reductions were more pronounced in older patients compared to pediatric patients, and more prominent in UC than CD. Complex I and II are more severely compromised than the other OXPHOS complexes. This has potential therapeutic implications, since treatments boosting biogenesis or influencing mitophagy could be beneficial for IBD treatment. Additionally, substances specifically stimulating complex I activity should be tested in IBD treatment.
RADAR-Vegetation Structural Perpendicular Index (R-VSPI) for the Quantification of Wildfire Impact and Post-Fire Vegetation Recovery
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/RS14133132
Abstract: The precise information on fuel characteristics is essential for wildfire modelling and management. Satellite remote sensing can provide accurate and timely measurements of fuel characteristics. However, current estimates of fuel load changes from optical remote sensing are obstructed by seasonal cloud cover that limits their continuous assessments. This study utilises remotely sensed Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) (Sentinel-1 backscatter) data as an alternative to optical-based imaging (Sentinel-2 scaled surface reflectance). SAR can penetrate clouds and offers high-spatial and medium-temporal resolution datasets and can hence complement the optical dataset. Inspired by the optical-based Vegetation Structural Perpendicular Index (VSPI), an SAR-based index termed RADAR-VSPI (R-VSPI) is introduced in this study. R-VSPI characterises the spatio-temporal changes in fuel load due to wildfire and the subsequent vegetation recovery thereof. The R-VSPI utilises SAR backscatter (σ°) from the co-polarized (VV) and cross-polarized (VH) channels at a centre frequency of 5.4 GHz. The newly developed index is applied over major wildfire events that occurred during the “Black Summer” wildfire season (2019–2020) in southern Australia. The condition of the fuel load was mapped every 5 (any orbit) to 12 (same orbit) days at an aggregated spatial resolution of 110 m. The results show that R-VSPI was able to quantify fuel depletion by wildfire (relative to healthy vegetation) and monitor its subsequent post-fire recovery. The information on fuel condition and heterogeneity improved at high-resolution by adapting the VSPI on a dual-polarization SAR dataset (R-VSPI) compared to the historic forest fuel characterisation methods (that used visible and infrared bands only for fuel estimations). The R-VSPI thus provides a complementary source of information on fuel load changes in a forest landscape compared to the optical-based VSPI, in particular when optical observations are not available due to cloud cover.
Targeting Mitochondria in Melanoma
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-09-2020
DOI: 10.3390/BIOM10101395
Abstract: Drastically elevated glycolytic activity is a prominent metabolic feature of cancer cells. Until recently it was thought that tumor cells shift their entire energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. However, new evidence indicates that many cancer cells still have functional OXPHOS, despite their increased reliance on glycolysis. Growing pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggests that targeting mitochondrial metabolism has anti-cancer effects. Here, we analyzed mitochondrial respiration and the amount and activity of OXPHOS complexes in four melanoma cell lines and normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) by Seahorse real-time cell metabolic analysis, immunoblotting, and spectrophotometry. We also tested three clinically approved antibiotics, one anti-parasitic drug (pyrvinium pamoate), and a novel anti-cancer agent (ONC212) for effects on mitochondrial respiration and proliferation of melanoma cells and HDFs. We found that three of the four melanoma cell lines have elevated glycolysis as well as OXPHOS, but contain dysfunctional mitochondria. The antibiotics produced different effects on the melanoma cells and HDFs. The anti-parasitic drug strongly inhibited respiration and proliferation of both the melanoma cells and HDFs. ONC212 reduced respiration in melanoma cells and HDFs, and inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells. Our findings highlight ONC212 as a promising drug for targeting mitochondrial respiration in cancer.
Variability of soil moisture proxies and hot days across the climate regimes of Australia
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 22-07-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073793
Sensitivity of Sentinel-1 Backscatter to Vegetation Dynamics: An Austrian Case Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.3390/RS10091396
Abstract: Crop monitoring is of great importance for e.g., yield prediction and increasing water use efficiency. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission operated by the European Space Agency provides the opportunity to monitor Earth’s surface using radar at high spatial and temporal resolution. Sentinel-1’s Synthetic Aperture Radar provides co- and cross-polarized backscatter, enabling the calculation of microwave indices. In this study, we assess the potential of Sentinel-1 VV and VH backscatter and their ratio VH/VV, the cross ratio (CR), to monitor crop conditions. A quantitative assessment is provided based on in situ reference data of vegetation variables for different crops under varying meteorological conditions. Vegetation Water Content (VWC), biomass, Leaf Area Index (LAI) and height are measured in situ for oilseed-rape, corn and winter cereals at different fields during two growing seasons. To quantify the sensitivity of backscatter and microwave indices to vegetation dynamics, linear and exponential models and machine learning methods have been applied to the Sentinel-1 data and in situ measurements. Using an exponential model, the CR can account for 87% and 63% of the variability in VWC for corn and winter cereals. In oilseed-rape, the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) is lower ( R 2 = 0.34) due to the large difference in VWC between the two growing seasons and changes in vegetation structure that affect backscatter. Findings from the Random Forest analysis, which uses backscatter, microwave indices and soil moisture as input variables, show that CR is by and large the most important variable to estimate VWC. This study demonstrates, based on a quantitative analysis, the large potential of microwave indices for vegetation monitoring of VWC and phenology.
On the existence of multiple states of low flows in catchments in southeast Australia
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.22541/ESSOAR.168056802.21161788/V1
Abstract: Hydrological variables of a catchment and their corresponding extreme characteristics have a possibility of switching regimes, particularly when a catchment undergoes protracted dry periods. This can result in a catchment experiencing a flow anomaly that is even more extreme than what was historically considered an extreme low flow event for the catchment. Catchments in southeast Australia have been shown to exhibit multiple states of mean annual flows. Given this and studies that suggest that extreme events may be changing with time, it is important to understand whether extremes in flows also have the potential to exist in multiple states. To investigate this, we studied intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) of low flows for 161 unregulated catchments in southeast Australia. A Hidden Markov Model-based approach was used to examine shifts in the low flow characteristics. We found very strong evidence of low flow intensity exhibiting two distinct states for at least 34 (21%) catchments in the region, providing convincing reasons to believe that extremes in low flows can and have undergone regime changes. The second state of these catchments is often associated with higher values of low flow intensities. Simulation of the duration and frequency of these events, however, needs improvement with the current approach and may be better studied by accounting for climate indicators that may more suitably explain them. Impacts from a changing climate may enhance the triggering of low flows into alternate states, which calls for water managers to plan for changing regimes of extremes.
Satellite Cross-Talk Impact Analysis in Airborne Interferometric Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry with the Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/RS11091120
Abstract: This work analyzes the satellite cross-talk observed by the microwave interferometric reflectometer (MIR), a new global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reflectometer, during an airborne field c aign in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. MIR is a GNSS reflectometer with two 19-element, dual-band arrays, each of them having four steerable beams. The data collected during the experiment, the characterization of the arrays, and the global positioning system (GPS) and Galileo ephemeris were used to compute the expected delays and power levels of all incoming signals, and the probability of cross-talk was then evaluated. Despite the MIR highly directive arrays, the largest ever for a GNSS-R instrument, one of the flights was found to be contaminated by cross-talk almost half of the time at the L1/E1 frequency band, and all four flights were contaminated ∼5–10% of the time at the L5/E5a frequency band. The cross-talk introduces an error of up to 40 cm of standard deviation for altimetric applications and about 0.24 dB for scatterometric applications.
Monitoring of water and carbon fluxes using a land data assimilation system: a case study for southwestern France
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 29-06-2010
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-14-1109-2010
Abstract: Abstract. A Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) able to ingest surface soil moisture (SSM) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) observations is tested at local scale to increase prediction accuracy for water and carbon fluxes. The ISBA-A-gs Land Surface Model (LSM) is used together with LAI and the soil water content observations of a grassland at the SMOSREX experimental site in southwestern France for a seven-year period (2001–2007). Three configurations corresponding to contrasted model errors are considered: (1) best case (BC) simulation with locally observed atmospheric variables and model parameters, and locally observed SSM and LAI used in the assimilation, (2) same as (1) but with the precipitation forcing set to zero, (3) real case (RC) simulation with atmospheric variables and model parameters derived from regional atmospheric analyses and from climatological soil and vegetation properties, respectively. In configuration (3) two SSM time series are considered: the observed SSM using Thetaprobes, and SSM derived from the LEWIS L-band radiometer located 15m above the ground. Performance of the LDAS is examined in the three configurations described above with either one variable (either SSM or LAI) or two variables (both SSM and LAI) assimilated. The joint assimilation of SSM and LAI has a positive impact on the carbon, water, and heat fluxes. It represents a greater impact than assimilating one variable (either LAI or SSM). Moreover, the LDAS is able to counterbalance large errors in the precipitation forcing given as input to the model.
Evaluation of the SMAP brightness temperature downscaling algorithm using active–passive microwave observations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Active and passive airborne microwave remote sensing for soil moisture retrieval in the Rur catchment, Germany
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2012
WindSat Global Soil Moisture Retrieval and Validation
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2010
Experimental Evidence of Swell Signatures in Airborne L5/E5a GNSS-Reflectometry
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-05-2020
DOI: 10.3390/RS12111759
Abstract: As compared to GPS L1C/A signals, L5/E5a Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) improves the spatial resolution due to the narrower auto-correlation function. Furthermore, the larger transmitted power (+3 dB), and correlation gain (+10 dB) allow the reception of weaker reflected signals. If directive antennas are used, very short incoherent integration times are enough to achieve good signal-to-noise ratios, allowing the reception of multiple specular reflection points without the blurring induced by long incoherent integration times. This study presents for the first time experimental evidence of the wind and swell waves signatures in the GNSS-R waveforms, and it performs a statistical analysis, a time-domain analysis, and a frequency-domain analysis for a unique data set of waveforms collected by the UPC MIR instrument during a series of flights over the Bass Strait, Australia.
Soil moisture retrieval from airborne L-band passive microwave using high resolution multispectral data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Disaggregation of Low-Resolution L-Band Radiometry Using C-Band Radar Data
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2016
Use of in-situ soil moisture measurements to evaluate microwave remote sensing products in south-western France
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2009
Comprehensive analysis of alternative downscaled soil moisture products
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
On the Correlation Between GNSS-R Reflectivity and L-Band Microwave Radiometry
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2016
Vegetation Canopy Height Retrieval Using L1 and L5 Airborne GNSS-R
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Non-Stationary Influences of Large-Scale Climate Drivers on Low Flow Extremes in Southeast Australia
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2021WR031508
Abstract: The intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) of low streamflow events are often considered stationary in time. Given droughts are likely to become more frequent and extreme, here those IDFs are analyzed for their non‐stationarity in relation to three climate drivers, namely, the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole, and the Southern Annular Mode. For this, low flow events were identified for 161 unregulated catchments in Victoria, Australia. The relationship between the climate drivers and the IDFs were developed using covariate‐based non‐stationary statistical models. We found that several of these catchments exhibit strong non‐stationary influences from the climate modes. Such catchments have a higher probability of experiencing more intense, prolonged, and/or frequent low flows when a dry phase of these climate drivers occurs. We found that catchments having strong evidence of non‐stationary frequency ( n = 77) were more compared to those having non‐stationary intensity ( n = 19) or duration ( n = 34). Further, we derived projected indices of these climate drivers from CMIP5 models for the RCP8.5 scenario. These indicate an intensification in the dry phase of the climate drivers. Using information of the projected indices in the IDF models, we found that future dry phases of these climate drivers are likely to further increase the probability of experiencing higher magnitudes of low flow IDFs in catchments non‐stationary in these characteristics in relation to one or more of these climate drivers. Frequency shows greater response to future dry phases of these drivers than intensity or duration of low flows.
A comparison of SMOS and AMSR2 soil moisture using representative sites of the OzNet monitoring network
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Aggregation and disaggregation of synthetic l-band soil moisture data over South-western France in preparation of SMOS
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2007
Statistical analysis of short-term water stress conditions at Riggs Creek OzFlux tower site
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2016
On the Airborne Spatial Coverage Requirement for Microwave Satellite Validation
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2011
Real-Time Performance of a Self-Powered Environmental IoT Sensor Network System
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.3390/S17020282
Wheat Canopy Structure and Surface Roughness Effects on Multiangle Observations at L-Band
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2012
The International Soil Moisture Network: serving Earth system science for over a decade
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 09-11-2021
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-25-5749-2021
Abstract: Abstract. In 2009, the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements (Dorigo et al., 2011b, a). The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared by a multitude of organisations, harmonises them in terms of units and s ling rates, applies advanced quality control, and stores them in a database. Users can freely retrieve the data from this database through an online web portal (ismn.earth/en/, last access: 28 October 2021). Meanwhile, the ISMN has evolved into the primary in situ soil moisture reference database worldwide, as evidenced by more than 3000 active users and over 1000 scientific publications referencing the data sets provided by the network. As of July 2021, the ISMN now contains the data of 71 networks and 2842 stations located all over the globe, with a time period spanning from 1952 to the present. The number of networks and stations covered by the ISMN is still growing, and approximately 70 % of the data sets contained in the database continue to be updated on a regular or irregular basis. The main scope of this paper is to inform readers about the evolution of the ISMN over the past decade, including a description of network and data set updates and quality control procedures. A comprehensive review of the existing literature making use of ISMN data is also provided in order to identify current limitations in functionality and data usage and to shape priorities for the next decade of operations of this unique community-based data repository.
Lithium and Not Acetoacetate Influences the Growth of Cells Treated with Lithium Acetoacetate
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-06-2019
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS20123104
Abstract: The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat/low-carbohydrate/adequate-protein diet, has been proposed as a treatment for a variety of diseases, including cancer. KD leads to generation of ketone bodies (KBs), predominantly acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-hydroxy-butyrate, as a result of fatty acid oxidation. Several studies investigated the antiproliferative effects of lithium acetoacetate (LiAcAc) and sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate on cancer cells in vitro. However, a critical point missed in some studies using LiAcAc is that Li ions have pleiotropic effects on cell growth and cell signaling. Thus, we tested whether Li ions per se contribute to the antiproliferative effects of LiAcAc in vitro. Cell proliferation was analyzed on neuroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and human embryonic kidney cell lines. Cells were treated for 5 days with 2.5, 5, and 10 mM LiAcAc and with equimolar concentrations of lithium chloride (LiCl) or sodium chloride (NaCl). LiAcAc affected the growth of all cell lines, either negatively or positively. However, the effects of LiAcAc were always similar to those of LiCl. In contrast, NaCl showed no effects, indicating that the Li ion impacts cell proliferation. As Li ions have significant effects on cell growth, it is important for future studies to include sources of Li ions as a control.
Age-Related Deterioration of Mitochondrial Function in the Intestine
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 19-08-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/4898217
Abstract: Aging is an important and inevitable biological process in human life, associated with the onset of chronic disease and death. The mechanisms behind aging remain unclear. However, changes in mitochondrial function and structure, including reduced activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increased production of reactive oxygen species—thus oxidative damage—are believed to play a major role. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation. Accumulation of damaged cellular components reduces a body’s capacity to preserve tissue homeostasis and affects biological aging and all age-related chronic conditions. This includes the onset and progression of classic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Clinical manifestations of intestinal disorders, such as mucosal barrier dysfunction, intestinal dysmotility, and chronic obstipation, are highly prevalent in the elderly population and have been shown to be associated with an age-dependent decline of mitochondrial function. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal aging.
The International Soil Moisture Network: serving Earth system science for over a decade
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 28-01-2021
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-2021-2
Abstract: Abstract. In 2009, the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements (Dorigo et al., 2011a, b). The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared by a multitude of organisations, harmonizes them in terms of units and s ling rates, applies advanced quality control, and stores them in a database. Users can freely retrieve the data from this database through an online web portal (ismn.earth). Meanwhile, the ISMN has evolved into the primary in situ soil moisture reference database worldwide, as evidenced by more than 3000 active users and over 1000 scientific publications referencing the data sets provided by the network. As of December 2020, the ISMN now contains data of 65 networks and 2678 stations located all over the globe, with a time period spanning from 1952 to present.The number of networks and stations covered by the ISMN is still growing and many of the data sets contained in the database continue to be updated. The main scope of this paper is to inform readers about the evolution of the ISMN over the past decade,including a description of network and data set updates and quality control procedures. A comprehensive review of existing literature making use of ISMN data is also provided in order to identify current limitations in functionality and data usage, and to shape priorities for the next decade of operations of this unique community-based data repository.
Intercomparison of Alternate Soil Moisture Downscaling Algorithms Using Active–Passive Microwave Observations
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2017
Thermal properties of soil in the Murrumbidgee River Catchment (Australia)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Disaggregation of SMOS Soil Moisture in Southeastern Australia
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2012
Oxidative Phosphorylation System in Gastric Carcinomas and Gastritis
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1320241
Abstract: Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by mitochondria to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of this switching for the development of gastric carcinoma and what connection it may have to Helicobacter pylori infection of the gut, a primary cause of gastric cancer, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in two types of human gastric carcinomas (“intestinal” and “diffuse”), bacterial gastritis with and without metaplasia, and chemically induced gastritis by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of HP infection on several key mitochondrial proteins. Complex I expression was significantly reduced in intestinal type (but not diffuse) gastric carcinomas compared to adjacent control tissue, and the reduction was independent of HP infection. Significantly, higher complex I and complex II expression was present in large tumors. Furthermore, higher complex II and complex III protein levels were also obvious in grade 3 versus grade 2. No differences of OXPHOS complexes and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were found between bacterially caused and chemically induced gastritis. Thus, intestinal gastric carcinomas, but not precancerous stages, are frequently characterized by loss of complex I, and this pathophysiology occurs independently of HP infection.
Soil Moisture Remote Sensing for Numerical Weather Prediction: L-Band and C-Band Emission Modeling Over Land Surfaces, the Community Microwave Emission Model (CMEM)
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2008
A data fusion‐based drought index
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2015WR017834
Abstract: Drought and water stress monitoring plays an important role in the management of water resources, especially during periods of extreme climate conditions. Here, a data fusion‐based drought index (DFDI) has been developed and analyzed for three different locations of varying land use and climate regimes in Australia. The proposed index comprehensively considers all types of drought through a selection of indices and proxies associated with each drought type. In deriving the proposed index, weekly data from three different data sources (OzFlux Network, Asia‐Pacific Water Monitor, and MODIS‐Terra satellite) were employed to first derive commonly used in idual standardized drought indices (SDIs), which were then grouped using an advanced clustering method. Next, three different multivariate methods (principal component analysis, factor analysis, and independent component analysis) were utilized to aggregate the SDIs located within each group. For the two clusters in which the grouped SDIs best reflected the water availability and vegetation conditions, the variables were aggregated based on an averaging between the standardized first principal components of the different multivariate methods. Then, considering those two aggregated indices as well as the classifications of months (dry/wet months and active/non‐active months), the proposed DFDI was developed. Finally, the symbolic regression method was used to derive mathematical equations for the proposed DFDI. The results presented here show that the proposed index has revealed new aspects in water stress monitoring which previous indices were not able to, by simultaneously considering both hydrometeorological and ecological concepts to define the real water stress of the study areas.
Effect of Land-Cover Type on the SMAP Active/Passive Soil Moisture Downscaling Algorithm Performance
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2015
Targeted Metabolomics Identifies Plasma Biomarkers in Mice with Metabolically Heterogeneous Melanoma Xenografts
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-01-2021
Abstract: Melanomas are genetically and metabolically heterogeneous, which influences therapeutic efficacy and contributes to the development of treatment resistance in patients with metastatic disease. Metabolite phenotyping helps to better understand complex metabolic diseases, such as melanoma, and facilitates the development of novel therapies. Our aim was to characterize the tumor and plasma metabolomes of mice bearing genetically different melanoma xenografts. We engrafted the human melanoma cell lines A375 (BRAF mutant), WM47 (BRAF mutant), WM3000 (NRAS mutant), and WM3311 (BRAF, NRAS, NF1 triple-wildtype) and performed a broad-spectrum targeted metabolomics analysis of tumor and plasma s les obtained from melanoma-bearing mice as well as plasma s les from healthy control mice. Differences in ceramide and phosphatidylcholine species were observed between melanoma subtypes irrespective of the genetic driver mutation. Furthermore, beta-alanine metabolism differed between melanoma subtypes and was significantly enriched in plasma from melanoma-bearing mice compared to healthy mice. Moreover, we identified beta-alanine, p-cresol sulfate, sarcosine, tiglylcarnitine, two dihexosylceramides, and one phosphatidylcholine as potential melanoma biomarkers in plasma. The present data reflect the metabolic heterogeneity of melanomas but also suggest a diagnostic biomarker signature for melanoma screening.
Surface rock effects on soil moisture retrieval from L-band passive microwave observations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Flood Inundation Mapping by Combining GNSS-R Signals with Topographical Information
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-09-2020
DOI: 10.3390/RS12183026
Abstract: The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission collects near-global hourly, pseudo-randomly distributed Global Navigation Satellite System - Reflectometry (GNSS-R) signals in the form of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) point data, which is sensitive to the presence of surface water, due to their operating frequency at L-band. However, because of the pseudo-random nature of these points, it is not possible to obtain continuous flood inundation maps at adequately high resolution. By considering topological indicators, such as height above nearest drainage (HAND) and slope of nearest drainage (SND), which indicate the probability of a certain area being prone to flooding, we hypothesize that combining static topographic information with the dynamic GNSS-R signals can result in large-scale, high-resolution flood inundation maps. Flood mapping was performed and validated with flood extent derived using available Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for flooding in Kerala during August 2018, and North India during August 2017. The results obtained after thresholding indicate that the model exhibits a flooding accuracy ranging from 60% to 80% for lower threshold values. We observed significant overestimation error in mapping inundation across the flooding period, resulting in an optimal critical success index of 0.22 for threshold values between 17–19.
Simulation of the SMAP Data Stream From SMAPEx Field Campaigns in Australia
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2015
Soil Salinity Impacts on L-Band Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2012
Goulburn River experimental catchment data set
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1029/2006WR005837
Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-08-2023
Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), originally known as toxic gas, has now attracted attention as one of the gasotransmitters involved in many reactions in the human body. H2S has been assumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, of which the exact pathogenesis remains unknown. One of them is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic intestinal disease subclassified as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Any change in the amount of H2S seems to be linked to inflammation in this illness. These changes can be brought about by alterations in the microbiota, in the endogenous metabolism of H2S and in the diet. As both too little and too much H2S drive inflammation, a balanced level is needed for intestinal health. The aim of this review is to summarize the available literature published until June 2023 in order to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the connection between H2S and IBD.
Triple Therapy with Metformin, Ketogenic Diet, and Metronomic Cyclophosphamide Reduced Tumor Growth in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Xenografts
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-08-2023
Abstract: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer in which lification of the MYCN gene is the most acknowledged marker of poor prognosis. MYCN- lified NB cells rely on both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production. Previously, we demonstrated that a ketogenic diet (KD) combined with metronomic cyclophosphamide (CP) delayed tumor growth in MYCN- lified NB xenografts. The anti-diabetic drug metformin (MET) also targets complex I of the OXPHOS system. Therefore, MET-induced disruptions of mitochondrial respiration may enhance the anti-tumor effect of CP when combined with a KD. In this study, we found that MET decreased cell proliferation and mitochondrial respiration in MYCN- lified NB cell lines, while the combination of KD, MET, and low-dose CP (triple therapy) also reduced tumor growth and improved survival in vivo in MYCN- lified NB xenografts. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that this triple therapy had the greatest effect on the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid ß-oxidation, which was supported by the increased protein expression of CPT1A, a key mitochondrial fatty acid transporter. We suspect that alterations to ß-oxidation alongside the inhibition of complex I may h er mitochondrial energy production, thus explaining these augmented anti-tumor effects, suggesting that the combination of MET and KD is an effective adjuvant therapy to CP in MYCN- lified NB xenografts.
On the identification of representative in situ soil moisture monitoring stations for the validation of SMAP soil moisture products in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolizing Enzymes in the Intestinal Mucosa in Pediatric and Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-11-2022
Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas that has important regulatory functions. In the colon, H2S can be produced and detoxified endogenously. Both too little and too much H2S exposure are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic intestinal disease mainly classified as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). As the pathogenesis of IBD remains elusive, this study’s aim was to investigate potential differences in the expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes in normal aging and IBD. Intestinal mucosal biopsies of 25 adults and 22 children with IBD along with those of 26 healthy controls were stained immunohistochemically for cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), 3-mercapto-sulfurtransferase (3-MST), ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 protein (ETHE1), sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST). Expression levels were calculated by multiplication of the staining intensity and percentage of positively stained cells. Healthy adults showed an overall trend towards lower expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes than healthy children. Adults with IBD also tended to have lower expression compared to controls. A similar trend was seen in the enzyme expression of children with IBD compared to controls. These results indicate an age-related decrease in the expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes and a dysfunctional H2S metabolism in IBD, which was less pronounced in children.
An Intercomparison of ERS-Scat and AMSR-E Soil Moisture Observations with Model Simulations over France
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1175/2008JHM997.1
Abstract: This paper presents a study undertaken in preparation of the work leading up to the assimilation of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations into the land surface model (LSM) Interaction Soil Biosphere Atmosphere (ISBA) at Météo-France. This study consists of an intercomparison experiment of different space-borne platforms providing surface soil moisture information [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing (AMSR-E) and European Remote Sensing Satellite Scatterometer (ERS-Scat)] with the reanalysis soil moisture predictions over France from the model suite of Système d’analyse fournissant des renseignements atmosphériques à la neige (SAFRAN), ISBA, and coupled model (MODCOU SIM) of Météo-France for the years of 2003–05. Both modeled and remotely sensed data are initially validated against in situ observations obtained at the experimental soil moisture monitoring site Surface Monitoring of the Soil Reservoir Experiment (SMOSREX) in southwestern France. Two different AMSR-E soil moisture products are compared in the course of this study—the official AMSR-E product from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) and a new product developed at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and NASA (VUA–NASA)—which were obtained using two different retrieval algorithms. This allows for an additional assessment of the different algorithms while using identical brightness temperature datasets. This study shows that a good correlation generally exists between AMSR-E (VUA–NASA), ERS-Scat, and SIM for low altitudes and low-to-moderate vegetation covers (1.5–3 kg m−2 vegetation water content), with a reduction in the correlation in mountainous regions. It also shows that the AMSR-E (NSIDC) soil moisture product has significant differences when compared to the other datasets.
Evaluation of the Tau–Omega Model for Passive Microwave Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAPEx Datasets
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2018
Toward Vicarious Calibration of Microwave Remote-Sensing Satellites in Arid Environments
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2014
The Soil Moisture Active Passive Experiments: Validation of the SMAP Products in Australia
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2021
Sensitivity Analysis of Modelled Flood Inundation Extents over Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/GEOSCIENCES13030067
Abstract: Rainfall runoff and topography are among the major factors controlling the accuracy of modelled riverine inundation extents. We have evaluated the sensitivity of both these variables on a novel 1-D conceptual flood inundation model employing Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) thresholds within sub-catchment units called Reach Contributing Area (RCA). We examined the March 2021 flood extent over the Hawkesbury–Nepean Valley (HNV) with 0.05′ gridded runoff derived from the Australian Water Resources Assessment (AWRA) modelling framework. HAND thresholds were enforced within each RCA using rating curve relationships generated by a modelled river geometry dataset obtained from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and by modelling Manning’s roughness coefficient as a function of channel slope. We found that the step-like topographic nature of HNV significantly influences the back-water effect within the floodplain. At the same time, the improved accuracy of the GeoFabric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) outperforms SRTM DEM-derived flood output. The precision of HAND thresholds does not add significant value to the analysis. With enhanced access to river bathymetry and an ensemble point-based runoff modelling approach, we can generate an ensemble runoff-based probabilistic extent of inundation.
A Cumulative Distribution Function Method for Normalizing Variable-Angle Microwave Observations
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2015
Towards soil property retrieval from space: Proof of concept using in situ observations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Evaluation of the observation operator Jacobian for leaf area index data assimilation with an extended Kalman filter
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 14-05-2010
DOI: 10.1029/2009JD012912
The AACES field experiments: SMOS calibration and validation across the Murrumbidgee River catchment
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 22-06-2012
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-16-1697-2012
Abstract: Abstract. Following the launch of the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission on 2 November 2009, SMOS soil moisture products need to be rigorously validated at the satellite's approximately 45 km scale and disaggregation techniques for producing maps with finer resolutions tested. The Australian Airborne Cal/val Experiments for SMOS (AACES) provide the basis for one of the most comprehensive assessments of SMOS data world-wide by covering a range of topographic, climatic and land surface variability within an approximately 500 × 100 km2 study area, located in South-East Australia. The AACES calibration and validation activities consisted of two extensive field experiments which were undertaken across the Murrumbidgee River catchment during the Australian summer and winter season of 2010, respectively. The datasets include airborne L-band brightness temperature, thermal infrared and multi-spectral observations at 1 km resolution, as well as extensive ground measurements of near-surface soil moisture and ancillary data, such as soil temperature, soil texture, surface roughness, vegetation water content, dew amount, leaf area index and spectral characteristics of the vegetation. This paper explains the design and data collection strategy of the airborne and ground component of the two AACES c aigns and presents a preliminary analysis of the field measurements including the application and performance of the SMOS core retrieval model on the erse land surface conditions captured by the experiments. The data described in this paper are publicly available from the website: www.moisturemap.monash.edu.au/aaces.
Low VDAC1 Expression Is Associated with an Aggressive Phenotype and Reduced Overall Patient Survival in Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-06-2019
DOI: 10.3390/CELLS8060539
Abstract: Cancer cells frequently exhibit dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and a concomitant increase in glycolytic flux. We investigated the expression of OXPHOS complex subunits and mitochondrial mass in 34 human cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) and adjacent normal tissue by using tissue microarrays. In the tumor periphery, all OXPHOS complexes were reduced except complex I. In addition, significantly lower levels of complex IV were found at the tumor center (p 0.0001). Mitochondrial mass, as indicated by VDAC1 expression, was significantly increased in CCCs compared to corresponding normal tissue (p 0.0001). VDAC1 levels were inversely correlated with UICC (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer) cancer stage classification (p = 0.0065). Furthermore, significantly lower VDAC1 was present in patients with lymph node involvement (p = 0.02). Consistent with this, patients whose carcinomas expressed VDAC1 at low to moderate levels had significantly reduced survival compared to high expressors (p 0.05). Therefore, low mitochondrial mass is associated with more aggressive CCC. These metabolic features are indicative of a Warburg phenotype in CCCs. This metabolic signature has potential therapeutic implications because tumors with low mitochondrial function may be targeted by metabolic therapies such as a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet.
Validating the data fusion-based drought index across Queensland, Australia, and investigating interdependencies with remote drivers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JOC.5555
Predicting the Extent of Wildfires Using Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture and Temperature Trends
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2016
The Influence of Ketogenic Diets on Psoriasiform-Like Skin Inflammation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Reduced Levels of ATP Synthase Subunit ATP5F1A Correlate with Earlier-Onset Prostate Cancer
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 14-11-2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/1347174
Abstract: Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of energy metabolism for the development of prostate carcinoma is poorly understood. We investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in 94 human prostate carcinomas and paired benign tissue using immunohistochemistry. Overall mitochondrial mass was upregulated in carcinomas compared to benign prostate tissue in all Gleason grades. A significant direct correlation between the expression of OXPHOS complexes I, II, and V and the Gleason score was observed. However, 17% of prostate carcinomas and 18% of benign prostate tissues showed isolated or combined deficiency of OXPHOS complexes (one deficiency in 12% of the tumors, combined deficiencies in 5%). Complex I was absent in 9% of the s les, with only parts of the tumor affected. ATP5F1A, a complex V protein, was the most frequently affected subunit, in 10% of tumors and 11% of benign prostate tissues (but not both tissues in any single patient). A possible role of complex V in prostate cancer development is suggested by the significant positive correlation of ATP5F1A levels with earlier-onset prostate cancer (age at diagnosis and at prostatectomy) and free PSA percentage. The relatively high percentage (17%) of prostate carcinomas with regional foci of partial OXPHOS complex deficiencies could have important therapeutic implications.
Improving the Accuracy of Soil Moisture Retrievals Using the Phase Difference of the Dual-Polarization GNSS-R Interference Patterns
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2014
Disaggregation as a top-down approach for evaluating 40 km resolution SMOS data using point-scale measurements: application to AACES-1
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-10-2010
DOI: 10.1117/12.865751
Utilisation de mesures in situ d’humidité des sols pour l’évaluation des produits satellitaires micro-ondes dans le Sud-Ouest de la France
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1051/LHB/2010027
A Novel Approach for the Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Using X-Band Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2021
Similarities Between Spaceborne Active and Airborne Passive Microwave Observations at 1 km Resolution
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2014
Evaluation of SMAP downscaled brightness temperature using SMAPEx-4/5 airborne observations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Low soil moisture and high temperatures as indicators for forest fire occurrence and extent across the Iberian Peninsula
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2015
Multi-temporal SAR observations of the Surat Basin in Australia for deformation scenario evaluation associated with man-made interactions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2016
Active and passive L-band microwave remote sensing for soil moisture — A test-bed for SMAP fusion algorithms
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2014
The dual polarization GNSS-R interference pattern technique
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2014
Overview of SMOS performance in terms of global soil moisture monitoring after six years in operation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
A comparison of optical and microwave scintillometers with eddy covariance derived surface heat fluxes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Impact of Urban Cover Fraction on SMOS and SMAP Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval Accuracy
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2019
Single-Pass Soil Moisture Retrieval Using GNSS-R at L1 and L5 Bands: Results from Airborne Experiment
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/RS13040797
Abstract: Global Navigation Satellite System—Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has already proven its potential for retrieving a number of geophysical parameters, including soil moisture. However, single-pass GNSS-R soil moisture retrieval is still a challenge. This study presents a comparison of two different data sets acquired with the Microwave Interferometer Reflectometer (MIR), an airborne-based dual-band (L1/E1 and L5/E5a), multiconstellation (GPS and Galileo) GNSS-R instrument with two 19-element antenna arrays with four electronically steered beams each. The instrument was flown twice over the OzNet soil moisture monitoring network in southern New South Wales (Australia): the first flight was performed after a long period without rain, and the second one just after a rain event. In this work, the impact of surface roughness and vegetation attenuation in the reflectivity of the GNSS-R signal is assessed at both L1 and L5 bands. The work analyzes the reflectivity at different integration times, and finally, an artificial neural network is used to retrieve soil moisture from the reflectivity values. The algorithm is trained and compared to a 20-m resolution downscaled soil moisture estimate derived from SMOS soil moisture, Sentinel-2 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, and ECMWF Land Surface Temperature.
The light airborne reflectometer for GNSS-R observations (LARGO) instrument: Initial results from airborne and Rover field campaigns
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2014
Untangling the Incoherent and Coherent Scattering Components in GNSS-R and Novel Applications
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-04-2020
DOI: 10.3390/RS12071208
Abstract: As opposed to monostatic radars where incoherent backscattering dominates, in bistatic radars, such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R), the forward scattered signals exhibit both an incoherent and a coherent component. Current models assume that either one or the other are dominant, and the calibration and geophysical parameter retrieval (e.g., wind speed, soil moisture, etc.) are developed accordingly. Even the presence of the coherent component of a GNSS reflected signal itself has been a matter of discussion in the last years. In this work, a method developed to separate the leakage of the direct signal in the reflected one is applied to a data set of GNSS-R signals collected over the ocean by the Microwave Interferometer Reflectometer (MIR) instrument, an airborne dual-band (L1/E1 and L5/E5a), multi-constellation (GPS and Galileo) GNSS-R instrument with two 19-elements antenna arrays with 4 beam-steered each. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique to untangle the coherent and incoherent components from the total power waveform in GNSS reflected signals. This technique allows the processing of these components separately, which increases the calibration accuracy (as today both are mixed and processed together), allowing higher resolution applications since the spatial resolution of the coherent component is determined by the size of the first Fresnel zone (300–500 meters from a LEO satellite), and not by the size of the glistening zone (25 km from a LEO satellite). The identification of the coherent component enhances also the location of the specular reflection point by determining the peak maximum from this coherent component rather than the point of maximum derivative of the incoherent one, which is normally noisy and it is blurred by all the glistening zone contributions.
The effect of radar configuration on effective correlation length
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
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