ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7788-6709
Current Organisation
US Environmental Protection Agency
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2015
DOI: 10.1111/POPS.12182
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2017
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12201
Abstract: Drawing on classic social identity theorizing (Tajfel, Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations, London, UK, Academic Press, 1978), we propose that low-status minority group members' self-efficacy and performance on intellectual tasks can be enhanced by prompting them to believe in a better future for their group (i.e., increasing awareness of cognitive alternatives to the existing low-status position). Study 1 manipulated cognitive alternatives among 157 migrant workers' children in China, showing that self-efficacy was enhanced in the high compared to the low cognitive alternative condition. Study 2 extended this experimental finding among 114 migrant workers' children: Participants in the high cognitive alternative condition performed better on mathematics and attention tasks than did participants in the low cognitive alternative condition. Results highlight the power of believing in a better future for the collective as a means of enhancing self-efficacy and educational outcomes among members of disadvantaged groups.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-11-2009
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-07-2013
Abstract: In the context of school segregation in China, the authors propose that disadvantaged group members’ self-esteem should improve when they consider the prospect of a better future for the group (i.e., awareness of cognitive alternatives to the lower status position). A pilot study established that country workers’ children who were educated with city children (i.e., in integrated schools) reported higher self-esteem than country workers’ children who were educated separately (i.e., in segregated schools). Study 1 showed that self-esteem among country workers’ children was predicted by awareness of cognitive alternatives, but not by contact with city children. Study 2 experimentally manipulated cognitive alternatives, showing that self-esteem was enhanced when awareness of cognitive alternatives was high rather than low. Contact with city children again did not predict self-esteem. Findings demonstrate the importance of perceiving that social change is possible.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2022
DOI: 10.1111/SPC3.12666
Abstract: To combat social inequality, organizations develop and implement initiatives that seek to improve the status of disadvantaged groups (e.g., women, racial/ethnic minority groups). Such ersity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies are controversial, because people disagree about whether they are necessary and what their (positive and negative) consequences may be. Opposition can be particularly fierce from people who belong to advantaged groups that benefit from the status quo (e.g., men, racial/ethnic majority groups). Given the power wielded by advantaged groups, their opposition can undermine the successful implementation of DEI policies, thus resulting in continued inequality, wasted resources, and potential for tension in the organization. In this paper, I draw on theory and research to consider three types of threat that can explain advantaged groups' opposition to DEI policies: (1) resource threat , or concern about losing access to outcomes and opportunities (2) symbolic threat , or concern about the introduction of new values, culture, and expectations and (3) ingroup morality threat , or concern about their group's role in perpetuating inequality. I review strategies identified by the literature to mitigate these threats, and discuss their potential negative consequences. The final section takes stock of the literature and considers directions for future research.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1037/A0022496
Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated that nostalgia for the past can have positive consequences for in iduals' psychological well-being and their perceived ability to cope with challenges in the present (Wildschut, Sedikides, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006). We propose that this effect is limited to circumstances in which in iduals have maintained identity continuity between the past and the present. Support for this moderation hypothesis is obtained in a longitudinal survey (Study 1) and two experiments (Studies 2 and 3) among students entering university. Whereas previously observed positive effects of nostalgia were confirmed when identity continuity had been maintained, feeling nostalgic about the past in the context of lower identity continuity had negative consequences for well-being (Studies 1 and 3), perceived ability to cope with challenges (Studies 1 and 2), and interest in new opportunities (Studies 2 and 3) rather than focusing on familiar experiences (Study 3). Taken together, results indicate that the extent to which in iduals view the present as linked to the past has important implications for the outcome of their nostalgia.
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Date: 06-11-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-06-2019
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2589
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Ltd
Date: 2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-02-2014
Abstract: Research on perceptions of discrimination has focused on group-based differential treatment that is widely accepted as being illegitimate (e.g., based on race or gender). The present research investigates how in iduals interpret less obvious forms of group-based exclusion based on age (Study 1) and vision correction status (Study 2). We propose that in iduals will not question the legitimacy of such treatment, unless they are provided with explicit cues to do so. Participants who merely encountered exclusion (baseline control) did not differ from those who were directed to consider the legitimate reasons for this treatment, with respect to perceived legitimacy, felt anger, and collective action intentions. In contrast, in iduals who were directed to consider the illegitimate reasons for the exclusion perceived it to be less legitimate, felt more anger, and reported higher collective action intentions. Participants’ own status as potential victims or mere observers of the exclusion criterion did not influence their legitimacy perceptions or felt anger. Results suggest that when confronted with forms of group-based exclusion that are not commonly defined as discrimination, people do not perceive an injustice unless explicitly directed to seek it out.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 06-08-2020
DOI: 10.1037/PSPI0000325
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.471
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-01-2006
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.316
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-10-2023
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.5334/IRSP.147
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 21-11-2012
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199747672.013.0018
Abstract: Apology and reparations can facilitate the transition from conflict to peace, but the processes of deciding to offer them, determining their content, and deciding whether to accept their terms can themselves give rise to additional conflict. We examine these processes in this chapter, starting with a discussion of the parties involved: victims, perpetrators, group representatives, and third parties. Next, we consider the steps needed to bring about offers of apology and reparations: acknowledgment of illegitimate harm by a perpetrator group, and acknowledgment that restitution is feasible. In the third section we outline the various forms that apology and reparation have taken in intergroup conflict. We then focus on the aftermath of apology and reparation: when are victims and perpetrators likely to support such offers? We conclude that apology and reparation can help resolve conflict, but that they also require careful negotiation. We outline some unanswered questions and directions for future research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ASAP.12081
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2007
Abstract: The present research examined emotions as predictors of opposition to policies and actions of one's country that are perceived to be illegitimate. Two studies investigated the political implications of American (Study 1) and British (Study 2) citizens' anger, guilt, and shame responses to perceived harm caused by their countries' occupation of Iraq. In both studies, a manipulation of pervasive threat to the country's image increased participants' shame but not guilt. The emotions predicted political action intentions to advocate distinct opposition strategies. Shame predicted action intentions to advocate withdrawal from Iraq. Anger predicted action intentions to advocate compensation to Iraq, confrontation of agents responsible, and withdrawal from Iraq. Anger directed at different targets (ingroup, ingroup representative, and outgroup representative) predicted action intentions to support distinct strategies (Study 2). Guilt did not independently predict any political action intentions. Implications for the study of political action and emotions in intergroup contexts are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-05-2021
Abstract: Across two studies ( Ns = 265 and 735), we investigated whether women’s endorsement of hostile (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS) moderates their experience of collective threat and subsequent hostility toward traditional and non-traditional female subtypes. As expected, HS was positively associated with intra-gender hostility toward the non-traditional subtype, and these effects were mediated by collective threat. HS was negatively associated with collective threat and hostility toward the traditional subtype, but only when the target endorsed prescriptive gender beliefs that explicitly reinforced gender inequality. BS was associated with collective threat and hostility toward the non-traditional subtype, but these effects did not emerge consistently across both studies. These results suggest that women are not a homogeneous group whose members all find the same subtypes collectively threatening. Rather, the extent to which women internalize patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes influences the behaviors they find threatening and deserving of hostility.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-02-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JOB.1788
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 12-11-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2003
Abstract: In two studies, the authors investigated guilt as a response to group-based advantage. Consistent with its conceptualization as a self-focused emotion, White guilt was based in self-focused beliefs in racial inequality. Thus, guilt was associated with belief in White privilege (Study 1) and resulted from seeing European Americans as perpetrators of racial discrimination (Study 2). Just as personal guilt is associated with efforts at restitution, White guilt was predictive of support for affirmative action programs aimed at compensating African Americans. White guilt was not, however, predictive of support for noncompensatory efforts at promoting equality, such as affirmative action programs that increase opportunities (Study 2). In contrast, the other-focused emotion of group-based sympathy was a more general predictor of support for different affirmative action policies. Our findings demonstrate the benefits and limits of group-based guilt as a basis of support for social equality and highlight the value of understanding the specific emotions elicited in intergroup contexts.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2011
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.786
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2012
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.864
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ASAP.12034
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-11-2009
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.58.2.93
Abstract: The authors bring psychological research to bear on an examination of the policy of affirmative action. They argue that data from many studies reveal that affirmative action as a policy has more benefits than costs. Although the majority of pro-affirmative action arguments in the social sciences stress ersity, the authors' argument focuses on issues of merit. The merit-based argument, grounded in empirical studies, concludes that the policy of affirmative action conforms to the American ideal of fairness and is a necessary policy.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 24-02-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1080/09602010701643449
Abstract: A survey study of patients recovering from stroke (N = 53) examined the extent to which belonging to multiple groups prior to stroke and the maintenance of those group memberships (as measured by the Exeter Identity Transitions Scales, EXITS) predicted well-being after stroke. Results of correlation analysis showed that life satisfaction was associated both with multiple group memberships prior to stroke and with the maintenance of group memberships. Path analysis indicated that belonging to multiple groups was associated with maintained well-being because there was a greater likelihood that some of those memberships would be preserved after stroke-related life transition. Furthermore, it was found that cognitive failures compromised well-being in part because they made it hard for in iduals to maintain group memberships post-stroke. These findings highlight the importance of social identity continuity in facilitating well-being following stroke and, more broadly, show the theoretical contribution that a social identity approach to mental health can make in the context of neuropsychological rehabilitation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2720
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-06-2013
Abstract: Three studies examined how minority group members’ acculturation strategies are shaped by the extent to which they perceive differences between their cultural values and the values of majority society. In line with the creative distinctiveness hypothesis (Spears, Jetten, Scheepers, and Cihangir, 2009), perceived difference among country migrant workers in China was positively associated with endorsement of an integration strategy (Study 1). Among Chinese immigrants in Australia (Study 2), a positive association was found between perceived difference and willingness to integrate only among those who were less identified with the superordinate category. Study 3 manipulated Asian international students’ perceived cultural value difference between their group and the Australian majority, and replicated Study 2 findings. Especially among those who are less committed to the superordinate group, then, knowing how the minority group is different can facilitate willingness to integrate into the majority culture.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2022
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2842
Abstract: Collective action (CA) research looking at gender has focused predominantly on feminist activism, overlooking activism of women who reinforce gender inequalities and traditional gender roles (such as women supporting men's rights or anti‐abortion protesters). Our research addresses this oversight, demonstrating the key role of identity content in predicting CA in support of progressive and reactionary social change among women. Using two large online s les of women from the US (Study 1: N = 1825) and the UK (Study 2: N = 992), we show that identification with ‘women’ is either weakly associated or unrelated to progressive and reactionary CA and is thus too broad to differentiate between support for CA with opposing goals. In contrast, subgroup identities matter: feminist identification is associated with support for progressive CA, while identification with traditional women is associated with support for reactionary CA. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on CA and gender inequalities.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-12-2012
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.1915
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 06-09-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12243
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.PSYCH.57.102904.190029
Abstract: Affirmative action is a controversial and often poorly understood policy. It is also a policy that has been widely studied by social scientists. In this review, we outline how affirmative action operates in employment and education settings and consider the major points of controversy. In addition, we detail the contributions of psychologists and other social scientists in helping to demonstrate why affirmative action is needed how it can have unintended negative consequences and how affirmative action programs can be most successful. We also review how psychologists have examined variations in people's attitudes toward affirmative action, in part as a means for testing different theories of social behavior.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2006
Abstract: Three studies examined non-Aboriginal Australians’ guilt and anger about their ingroup’s advantage over structurally disadvantaged Aborigines. Study 1 showed that participants who perceived their ingroup as relatively advantaged perceived this inequality as unfair and felt guilt and anger about it. Anger, and to a lesser degree guilt, predicted the willingness to engage in political action regarding ingroup advantage. Study 2 showed both guilt and anger to be relatively self-focused because both were associated with appraising the ingroup’s (rather than the government’s) discrimination as responsible for ingroup advantage. Study 3 examined on participants especially willing to engage in political action to bring about systemic compensation to Aborigines. Anger about ingroup advantage was a potent predictor. Although guilt was associated with the abstract goal of systemic compensation, guilt did not explain willingness for political action. Results underline the importance of examining specific group-based emotions in intergroup relations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-05-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-03-2023
DOI: 10.1177/09637214221122690
Abstract: Whether life transitions are anticipated or unforeseen, they can be challenging to navigate because the change process involves a period of uncertainty and adjustment. Specifically, transitions often require social identity change, whereby in iduals leave one or more social groups behind and join one or more groups in the new environment. Such changes can be especially hard when in iduals belong to a disadvantaged group (e.g., a low-income or racial- or ethnic-minority group) because they also have to contend with the additional hurdle of systemic inequality. Yet members of disadvantaged groups also have resources to navigate social identity change during life transitions—resources that facilitate and support successful social identity change. We review our research with immigrants and university students to show how in iduals’ social connectedness with groups can facilitate positive outcomes during life transitions, including social integration, psychological well-being, positive beliefs about the self, and successful academic performance. In particular, we consider in iduals’ group memberships prior to the transition and the new identities they adopt in the new context as key determinants of successful identity change. We conclude with implications for policy and practice.
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Aarti Iyer.