ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6533-0762
Current Organisation
Umeå Universitet
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-03-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-05-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2009.07.012
Abstract: This paper demonstrates the use of non-linear decomposition for identifying discrimination in referral to a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. The application is important because the methods are not commonly applied in this context. A secondary data analysis was conducted on a cohort of 2375 patients eligible for referral (as defined) to an Australian hospital outpatient CR program (1 July 1996 to 31 December 2000) on the basis of inpatient discharge diagnosis codes. Data from a population-based disease register were linked to hospital inpatient statistics and CR program records. Cohort selection was established in accordance with first register recorded hospital separations having specified cardiac inpatient diagnoses for which CR was recommended. Using the existing literature as a guide, multivariate logistic regression methods tested the strength of statistical association between independent variables (or 'endowments') and CR referral. Compared with males, females had 40% fewer odds of being referred. Non-linear decomposition was performed as a post-logistic regression technique to show the extent to which the sex-based inequality in referral (as defined here) was due to group characteristics (the relative distribution of endowments) compared with other influences not adjusted for in the model. The results showed that approximately 18% of the male-female inequality in referral was not explained by group characteristics, and on this basis was 'discriminatory'. The extent to which in idual endowments contributed to the explained part of the inequality was also of interest. The methods offer potentially useful tools for informing researchers, policy makers, clinicians and others about unfair discriminatory processes that influence access to health and social services.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2016
DOI: 10.1111/TMI.12757
Abstract: To investigate cross-sectional associations between self-reported recent pain and alcohol use/abstinence, and previous-day pain and previous-week alcohol consumption in adults aged 50 + in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1 (2007-2010) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa is the data source. Prevalence of alcohol use/abstinence is reported by previous-day and previous-month pain. Multinomial logistic regressions (crude and adjusted for sex and country) tested associations between recent pain and alcohol use in the pooled multicountry s le. Across the six SAGE countries, about one-third of respondents reported alcohol use, being highest in Russia (74%) and lowest in India (16%). Holding the effects of sex and country constant, compared with abstainers, people with previous-day pain were more likely to be previous-day or other users. With regard to the quantity and frequency of alcohol use, people with previous-day pain were more likely to be non-heavy drinkers. Overall, we found that, in this population of older adults in six LMICs, recent pain was associated with moderate use of alcohol, although there were differences between countries. The findings provide a platform for country-specific research to better understand bi-directional associations between pain and alcohol in older adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-12-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-10-2010
Abstract: Objectives: To describe and understand factors which enhance and impede participation in physical activity for older adults with and without chronic illness and develop a framework of health behaviours for ‘active living’. Methods: A contrasting group framework was used to compare discussions in two sets of focus groups with relatively healthy and less healthy older adults. The thematic analysis was informed by the Transtheoretical Model, the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. Results: All participants affirmed the health benefits of physical activity and there was broad agreement that social support and conductive environments contributed to the promotion of opportunities for physical activity. However, perceptions of specific factors needed to maintain and promote good health differed between healthy and less healthy participants. Connection to community, sense of place and ‘walkability’ of neighbourhoods were identified as motivators for undertaking physical activity, whilst barriers were associated with health, the environment, family and attitudes to physical activity. Discussions: The focus groups highlighted the importance of social, behavioural and contextual factors in promoting opportunities for physical activity in older adults with and without chronic illness. The findings were used to propose an Active Living Framework which is the subject of ongoing research.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-11-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-07-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2005
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-03-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2016.04.008
Abstract: To ascertain whether the hospital costs for mid-aged Australian women who self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) and who had one or more hospital admission during an eight and a half year period were higher than the hospital costs for other similarly aged non-DM women. The s le comprised 2,392 mid-aged women, resident in New South Wales (NSW) Australia and participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), who had any NSW hospital admissions during the eight and a half year period 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2008. Analyses were conducted on linked data from ALSWH surveys and the NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC). Hospital costs were compared for the DM and non-DM cohorts of women. A generalized linear model measured the association between hospital costs and self-reported DM. Eight and a half year hospital costs were 41% higher for women who self-reported DM in the ALSWH surveys (p<0.0001). On average, women who self-reported DM had significantly (p<0.0001) more hospital admissions (5.3) than women with no reported DM (3.4). The average hospital stay per admission was not significantly different between the two groups of women. Self-reported DM status in mid-aged Australian women is a predictor of higher hospital costs. This simple measure can be a useful indicator for public policy makers planning early-stage interventions that target people in the population at risk of DM.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/APA.15420
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-01-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S40266-013-0051-6
Abstract: A low-cost 'polypill' could theoretically be one way of improving medication affordability and compliance for secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The polypill has also been proposed as a primary prevention strategy. Yet many of the issues surrounding the polypill are still being debated and the underlying assumptions have not been proven. In this paper, we step back from the complexities of the debate and report upon the utilization of polypill component medicines in two population cohorts of Australian women who were aged 56-61 years and 81-86 years in 2007. The aims of this study were firstly, to describe the association between the women's characteristics (health, illness, behavioural, demographic, socioeconomic) and their use of statins and antihypertensive medicines for the treatment of heart disease, and secondly, to discuss possible health and economic benefits for women with these characteristics that may be expected to result from the introduction of a cardio-protective polypill. Survey records from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) were linked to 2007 Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) claims for 7,116 mid-aged women and 4,526 older-aged women. Associations between women's characteristics (self-reported in ALSWH surveys) and their use of statins and antihypertensive medicines (measured through PBS claims in 2007) were analysed using Chi-square and multivariate regression techniques. Between 2002 and 2007, the use of statins in combination with antihypertensives by mid- and older-aged Australian women increased. A moderate yet increasing proportion of mid-aged women were taking statins without antihypertensives, and a high proportion of older-aged women were using antihypertensives without statins. A high proportion of women who were prescribed both statins and antihypertensives were in lower socioeconomic groups and reported difficulty managing on their incomes. These results suggest that a polypill may provide an easy-to-take, cheaper alternative for Australian women already taking multiple cardiovascular disease medications, with particular benefits for older women and women in lower socioeconomic groups. Future research is needed to quantify the potential social and economic benefits of the polypill.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-04-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AH050478
Abstract: A pilot study was conducted at the John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia in 1998?99 to inform a randomised controlled trial (RCT) for a cardiac rehabilitation intervention for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Although the RCT did not proceed, the pilot study results raised a number of issues. In this paper, the pilot is used to demonstrate how estimates of population benefit need to take into account patient eligibility, consent and adherence, and also how non-clinical data can inform the planning and development of health service interventions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-01-2016
DOI: 10.1111/GGI.12442
Abstract: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and stroke in self-report and hospital data in two cohorts of women measure sensitivity and agreement between data sources and compare between cohorts. Women born between 1946-1951 and 1921-1926 who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) were New South Wales residents and admitted to hospital (2004-2008) were included in the present study. The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and stroke was estimated using self-report (case 1 at latest survey, case 2 across multiple surveys) and hospital records. Agreement (kappa) and sensitivity (%) were calculated. Logistic regression measured the association between patient characteristics and agreement. Hypertension had the highest prevalence and estimates were higher for older women: 32.5% case 1, 45.4% case 2, 12.8% in hospital data (1946-1951 cohort) 57.8% case 1, 73.2% case 2, 38.2% in hospital data (1921-1926 cohort). Agreement was substantial for diabetes: κ = 0.75 case 1, κ = 0.70 case 2 (1946-1951 cohort) κ = 0.77 case 1, κ = 0.80 case 2 (1921-1926 cohort), and lower for other conditions. The 1946-1951 cohort had 2.08 times the odds of agreement for hypertension (95% CI 1.56 to 2.78 P < 0.0001), and 6.25 times the odds of agreement for heart disease (95% CI 4.35 to 10.0 P < 0.0001), compared with the 1921-1926 cohort. Substantial agreement was found for diabetes, indicating accuracy of ascertainment using self-report or hospital data. Self-report data appears to be less accurate for heart disease and stroke. Hypertension was underestimated in hospital data. These findings have implications for epidemiological studies relying on self-report or administrative data.
No related grants have been discovered for Jennifer Stewart Williams.