ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3777-7169
Current Organisations
Elsevier Ltd
,
University of Technology Sydney
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Environmental Engineering | Water And Sanitary Engineering | Environmental Technologies | Chemical Engineering | Chemical Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Environmental Technologies | Membrane and Separation Technologies | Nanotechnology | Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry | Characterisation Of Macromolecules | Civil Engineering | Other Instrumental Methods | Chemical engineering | Functional Materials | Membrane And Separation Technologies | Fertilisers and Agrochemicals (Application etc.) | Separation technologies |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Land and water management | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments (excl. Urban and Industrial Use) | Prevention and treatment of pollution | Renewable Energy not elsewhere classified | Organic Fertilisers | Organic Industrial Chemicals (excl. Resins, Rubber and Plastics) | Other | Processed food products and beverages not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Industrial Energy Conservation and Efficiency | Water services and utilities | Industrial Chemicals and Related Products not elsewhere classified | Manufactured products not elsewhere classified | Waste management and recycling | Electricity, gas and water services and utilities
Related Links
Publications
Recent advances of nanocomposite membranes using layer-by-layer assembly
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Hierarchical Composite Membranes with Robust Omniphobic Surface Using Layer-By-Layer Assembly Technique
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-2018
Abstract: In this study, composite membranes were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of negatively charged silica aerogel (SiA) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FTCS) on a polyvinylidene fluoride phase inversion membrane and interconnecting them with positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) via electrostatic interaction. The results showed that the PDDA-SiA-FTCS coated membrane had significantly enhanced the membrane structure and properties. New trifluoromethyl and tetrafluoroethylene bonds appeared at the surface of the coated membrane, which led to lower surface free energy of the composite membrane. Additionally, the LBL membrane showed increased surface roughness. The improved structure and property gave the LBL membrane an omniphobic property, as indicated by its good wetting resistance. The membrane performed a stable air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) flux of 11.22 L/m
Ammonia recovery from human urine as liquid fertilizers in hollow fiber membrane contactor: Effects of permeate chemistry
Publisher: Korean Society of Environmental Engineering
Date: 20-01-2020
DOI: 10.4491/EER.2019.523
Abstract: The production of the existing nitrogen fertilizer is costly and less environmental-friendly. Various green technologies are currently emerging toward providing alternative options. In this study, a liquid/liquid hydrophobic hollow-fiber membrane contactor was employed at ambient temperature and natural urine pH ~ 9.7 to recover ammonium fertilizers from human urine. Results showed that permeate side chemistry was one of the major factors affecting the ammonia mass transfer. The study on the ammonia capturing performance of diluted sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and DI water confirmed that acid type, acid concentration, and permeate side operating pH were the most important parameters affecting the ammonia capturing tendency. Sulfuric acid was slightly better in capturing more ammonia than other acid types. The study also identified increasing acid concentration didn’t necessarily increase ammonia mining tendency because there was always one optimum concentration value at which maximum ammonia extraction was possible. The best permeate side operating pH to extract ammonia for fertilizer purposes was selected based on the dissociation equilibrium of different types of acids. Accordingly, the analysis showed that the membrane process has to be operated at pH 3 for sulfuric acid, between 3.5 to 11.5 for phosphoric acid, and above 0.5 for nitric acid so as to produce their respective high-quality liquid ammonium sulfate, ammonium monophosphate/diphosphate, and ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Therefore, permeate side acid concentration, pH, and acid type has to always be critically optimized before starting the ammonia mining experiment.
Preparation and characterisation of mesoporous photoactive Na-titanate microspheres
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Osmotic equilibrium in the forward osmosis process: Modelling, experiments and implications for process performance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Enhanced Coagulation of Titanium Tetrachloride Aided by the Modified Compound Bioflocculant
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-2015
Size-controlled graphene oxide for highly permeable and fouling-resistant outer-selective hollow fiber thin-film composite membranes for forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) immobilization onto graphene oxide (GO)-incorporated electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membrane for groundwater remediation via gravity-driven memb
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.05.393
Abstract: Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), with its high reactivity towards a broad range of contaminants, has been a promising material for groundwater remediation. Membrane-supported nZVI can both avoid nZVI agglomeration for better reactivity and recycle nZVI to lower the risk of secondary pollution. In this study, we successfully fabricated a PVDF-GO membrane via electrospinning technology and employed the functionalized nanofiber membrane to immobilize nZVI particles. The addition of GO into PVDF nanofibers can both increase the hydrophilicity to improve membrane flux and offer -COOH as a binder to immobilize nZVI particles. PVDF-GO-nZVI membranes with different GO loadings (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 3% of PVDF) were tested with two typical nZVI-targeted contaminants (Cd(II) and trichloroethylene (TCE)) via gravity-driven membrane filtration. The results show that membrane with 1% GO had the best nZVI distribution against the aggregation and a better performance in both Cd removal (100%) and TCE removal (82%). The nZVI membrane had a high flux in gravity-driven filtration at 255 LMH for Cd(II) and 265 LMH for TCE respectively. Generally, the developed PVDF-GO-nZVI electrospun nanofiber membrane had an excellent performance in the gravity-driven membrane filtration system for groundwater remediation.
Understanding the risk of scaling and fouling in hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Polytitanium sulfate (PTS): Coagulation application and Ti species detection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2016.04.008
Abstract: Interest in the development of inorganic polymerized coagulants is growing however, there are only limited studies on the synthesis of polytitanium coagulants, which are expected to exhibit improved coagulation efficiency with better floc properties. This study presents the synthesis of polytitanium sulfate (PTS) for potential application in water purification, followed by characterization of PTS flocs and titanium species detection. Stable PTS solutions were successfully synthesized and standard jar tests were conducted to evaluate their coagulation efficiency. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) speciation analysis revealed that a variety of mononuclear and polynuclear complexes were formed in PTS solution, indicating the polymeric nature of the synthesized coagulant. Floc characteristics were studied through on-line monitoring of floc size using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Results showed that PTS had a comparable or in some cases even higher organic matter and particulate removal efficiency than Ti(SO
Dual-layered nanocomposite membrane incorporating graphene oxide and halloysite nanotube for high osmotic power density and fouling resistance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Development of a new poly silicate ferric coagulant and its application to coagulation-membrane filtration hybrid system in wastewater treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-09-2014
Analysis of first flush to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.823
Abstract: Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals have recently become a concern as their concentration in rain water tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. Rainwater storage tanks also accumulate contaminants and sediments that settle to the bottom. Although not widely acknowledged, small amounts of contaminants such as lead found in rain water (used as drinking water) may have a cumulative and poisonous effect on human health over a life time. This is true for certain factors that underlie many of the chronic illnesses that are becoming increasingly common in contemporary society. The paper reports on a study which is part of a project that aims to develop a cost effective in-line filtration system to improve water quality in rainwater tanks. To enable this, the characteristics of rainwater need to be known. One component of this characterization is to observe the effects of the first flush on a rainwater tank. S les of the roof runoff collected from an urban residential roof located in the Sydney Metropolitan Area in the initial first few millimetres of rain were analysed. The results show that bypassing the first 2 mm of rainfall gives water with most water quality parameters compliant with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) standards. The parameters that did not comply were lead and turbidity, which required bypassing approximately the first 5 mm of rainfall to meet ADWG standards. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) analysis showed that the concentration of rainwater organic matter (RWOM) decreased with increasing amount of roof runoff.
Sustainable engineering of sewers and sewage treatment plants for scenarios with urine diversion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Water quality characterisation of rainwater in tanks at different times and locations
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.824
Abstract: Rainwater collected from ten domestic roofs in Sydney and from one in Wollongong, a town south of Sydney, Australia was analysed to determine the water quality and to compare against the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) to determine its suitability as a potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were 13 heavy metals, 8 salts & minerals, pH, ammonia, orthophosphate, conductivity, water hardness, turbidity, total suspended solids, Total dissolved salts & Bicarbonate. The results indicate that the rainwater tested complied to most of the parameters specified in the ADWG. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter from one of the domestic rainwater tanks was analysed in terms of the effects of aging and roof contact. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter in rainwater showed prominent peaks at 37,500 daltons may be due to biopolymers, 850 Da to humic substances, 500 Da to building blocks, 220 Da to low MW acids, and less than 220 Da to hiphilics. The findings also indicate that the first flush volumes that by-passed the tank can have a significant influence on the water quality in the rainwater tank.
Synthesis and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-supported dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether with proton ionizable carboxyl sidearm as Li+ adsorbents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Comparative study of floc characteristics with titanium tetrachloride against conventional coagulants: Effect of coagulant dose, solution pH, shear force and break-up period
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Co-axially electrospun superhydrophobic nanofiber membranes with 3D-hierarchically structured surface for desalination by long-term membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Performance of a novel fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis aerobic membrane bioreactor (FDFO-MBR): Mitigating salinity build-up by integrating microfiltration
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-01-2017
DOI: 10.3390/W9010021
Urine Treatment on the International Space Station: Current Practice and Novel Approaches
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MEMBRANES10110327
Abstract: A reliable, robust, and resilient water recovery system is of paramount importance on board the International Space Station (ISS). Such a system must be able to treat all sources of water, thereby reducing resupply costs and allowing for longer-term space missions. As such, technologies able to dewater urine in microgravity have been investigated by different space agencies. However, despite over 50 years of research and advancements on water extraction from human urine, the Urine Processing Assembly (UPA) and the Water Processor Assembly (WPA) now operating on the ISS still achieve suboptimal water recovery rates and require periodic consumables resupply. Additionally, urine brine from the treatment is collected for disposal and not yet reused. These factors, combined with the need for a life support system capable of tolerating even dormant periods of up to one year, make the research in this field ever more critical. As such, in the last decade, extensive research was conducted on the adaptation of existing or emerging technologies for the ISS context. In virtue of having a strong chemical resistance, small footprint, tuneable selectivity and versatility, novel membrane-based processes have been in focus for treating human urine. Their hybridisation with thermal and biological processes as well as the combination with new nanomaterials have been particularly investigated. This article critically reviews the UPA and WPA processes currently in operation on the ISS, summarising the research directions and needs, highlighted by major space agencies, necessary for allowing life support for missions outside the Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Additionally, it reviews the technologies recently proposed to improve the performance of the system as well as new concepts to allow for the valorisation of the nutrients in urine or the brine after urine dewatering.
Editorial
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-11-2016
Comparison of a novel polytitanium chloride coagulant with polyaluminium chloride: Coagulation performance and floc characteristics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2014.09.023
Abstract: Polymerized inorganic coagulants are increasingly being used in the water supply and wastewater treatment process, yet there is limited research on the development of polytitanium coagulants. The aim of this study is to synthesize polytitanium chloride (PTC) coagulants and investigate their coagulation behavior and floc characteristics for humic acid removal in comparison to polyaluminum chloride (PAC). The PTC s les with different B (molar ratios of OH/Ti) values were prepared using an instantaneous base-feeding method, employing sodium carbonate as the basification agent. The coagulation efficiency was significantly influenced by different B values. The results suggest that the humic acid removal increased with the increasing B value for PAC, while the inverse trend was observed for PTC. The optimum B value was chosen at 1.0 and 2.0 for PTC and PAC, respectively. Under the optimum coagulant dose and initial solution pH conditions, the PTC coagulant performed better than the PAC coagulant and the floc properties were significantly improved in terms of floc growth rate and floc size. However, the PAC coagulants produced flocs with better floc recoverability than the PTC coagulants.
Phosphorus removal mechanisms from domestic wastewater by membrane capacitive deionization and system optimization for enhanced phosphate removal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Fabricating robust thin film composite membranes reinforced on woven mesh backing fabric support for pressure assisted and forward osmosis: A dataset
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Analysis of mass transfer behavior in membrane distillation: Mathematical modeling under various conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.07.020
Abstract: Four commercially available hydrophobic membranes with different pore sizes were separately used in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) apparatus to investigate the effect of fouling on the mass transfer coefficient, and the dominant mass transport mode under different conditions defined by the temperature, membrane material, flow regime, and membrane pore size. Both ultrapure deionized water and simulated industrial wastewater were considered as the feed water. The results of the investigation confirmed that the fouling layer impacted the mass transport directly by resisting it, and indirectly by altering the heat transfer mechanism. In addition to the surface fouling layer, a significant number of particles were also observed to accumulate in the membrane pores. It was further determined that the contribution of Poiseuille flow to the entire mass transport was significant at higher temperatures when using a membrane with large pores. This highlighted the need for careful consideration of Poiseuille flow in the modeling and simulation of a membrane distillation (MD) mass transport process. It was also observed that the flow rate did not affect the Poiseuille flow and therefore did not directly impact the entire mass transfer. The study findings provide systematic insight for the development of a strategy for selecting an appropriate operating feed for DCMD and adjusting the permeate temperature to fit the prevailing water demand and environmental conditions.
Fouling characteristics of a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for municipal wastewater reclamation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2012.12.007
Abstract: A laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) hybrid system has been built to investigate effects of changes in characteristics of effluent organic matter by the MBR on fouling characteristics of the NF membranes. Large amounts of polysaccharide-like substances with small molecular weight and strong fluorescence intensity at the excitation wavelength of 230nm and the emission wavelength of 420nm were produced by microbial growth in the MBR. These substances had a great influence on fouling formation of the NF membranes. Fouling characteristics of the MBR were governed by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions while hydrophilic fractions were found as major constituents of the desorbed NF membrane foulants. Flux decline rates of the NF membranes were closely associated with differences in their fouling layer compositions, meaning that performances of the NF membranes (i.e., flux decline) could be influenced by the membrane characteristics (i.e., surface zeta potential and contact angle).
Facile in situ growth of highly monodispersed Ag nanoparticles on electrospun PU nanofiber membranes: Flexible and high efficiency substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Silane Grafting on TiO2 Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Paint for Atmospheric Cleaning
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-02-2021
Abstract: In this study, anatase titania was utilized to prepare a durable photocatalytic paint with substantially enhanced photoactivity towards NO oxidation. Consequently, to alleviate the choking effect of photocatalytic paint and incorporate self-cleaning properties, the parent anatase titania was modified with Al(OH)3 and a number of organosilane (tetraethyl orthosilicate, propyltrimethoxysilane, triethoxy(octadecyl)silane, and trimethylchlorosilane) coatings. A facile hydrolysis approach in ethanol was employed to coat the parent titania. To facilitate uniform dispersion in photocatalytic paint and strong bonding with the prevailing organic matrix, it is necessary to avail both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on the titania surface. Therefore, during the preparation of modified titania, the weight proportion of the total weight of alkyl silane and trimethylchlorosilane was adjusted to a ratio of 1:1. As the parent titania has few hydrophilic portions on the surface, tetraethyl orthosilicate was coated with an organic silane having an extended alkyl group as a hydrophobic group and tetraethyl orthosilicate as a hydrophilic group. When these two silane mixtures are hydrolyzed simultaneously and coated on the surface of parent titania, a portion containing a large amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate becomes hydrophilic, and a part containing an alkyl silane becomes hydrophobic. The surface morphology and the modified titania’s optical attributes were assessed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Based on the advanced characterizations, the NO removal mechanism of the modified titania is reported. The modified titania coated at 20 wt.% on the ceramic substrate was found to remove ~18% of NO under one h of UV irradiation. An extensive UV durability test was also carried out, whereby the coated surface with modified titania was exposed to 350 W/m2 of UV irradiance for 2 weeks. The results indicated that the coated surface appeared to preserve the self-cleaning property even after oil spraying. Hence, facile hydrolysis of multiple organosilane in ethanol could be a viable approach to design the coating on anatase titania for the fabrication of durable photoactive paint.
Forward osmosis for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from water reclamation: process performance and fouling control.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 28-03-2014
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2014.138
Abstract: While high quality water reuse based on dual membrane filtration (membrane filtration or ultrafiltration, followed by reverse osmosis) is expected to be progressively applied, treatment and sustainable management of the produced reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) are still important issues. Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for maximising water recovery and further dewatering ROC so that zero liquid discharge is produced. Elevated concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds may act as potential foulants of the concentrate desalting system, in that they consist of, for ex le, FO and a subsequent crystallizer. The present study investigated conditions under which the FO system can serve as concentration phase with the focus on its fouling propensity using model foulants and real ROC. Bulk organics from ROC consisted mainly of humic acids (HA) and building blocks since wastewater-derived biopolymers were retained by membrane filtration or ultrafiltration. Organic fouling of the FO system by ROC-derived bulk organics was low. HA was only adsorbed moderately at about 7% of the initial concentration, causing a minor flux decline of about 2–4%. However, scaling was a major impediment to this process if not properly controlled, for instance by pH adjustment or softening.
Arsenic removal by a membrane hybrid filtration system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Electrospun dual-layer nonwoven membrane for desalination by air gap membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Special issue on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering-CESE-2012 9-13 September 2012, RACV City Club, Melbourne, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-01-2014
Sulfuric Acid Treated g-CN as a Precursor to Generate High-Efficient g-CN for Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Visible Light Irradiation
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-12-2020
Abstract: Modifying the physical, chemical structures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) to improve its optoelectronic properties is the most efficient way to meet a high photoactivity for clean and sustainable energy production. Herein, a higher monomeric precursor for synthesizing improved micro-and electronic structure possessing g-CN was prepared by high-concentrated sulfuric acid (SA) treatment of bulk type g-CN (BCN). Several structural analyses show that after the SA treatment of BCN, the polymeric melon-based structure is torn down to cyameluric or cyanuric acid-based material. After re-polycondensation of this material as a precursor, the resulting g-CN has more condensed microstructure, carbon and oxygen contents than BCN, indicating that C, O co-doping by corrosive acid of SA. This g-CN shows a much better visible light absorption and diminished radiative charge recombination by the charge localization effect induced by heteroatoms. As a result, this condensed C, O co-doped g-CN shows the enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 4.57 µmol/h from water under the visible light ( nm) by almost two times higher than that of BCN (2.37 µmol/h). This study highlights the enhanced photocatalytic water splitting performance as well as the provision of the higher monomeric precursor for improved g-CN.
Mixed matrix nanofiber as a flow-through membrane adsorber for continuous Li+ recovery from seawater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Recent progress of membrane distillation using electrospun nanofibrous membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Free-standing, thin-film, symmetric membranes: Next-generation membranes for engineered osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Forward Osmosis
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 18-07-2015
Evaluating the mobility of polymer-stabilised zero-valent iron nanoparticles and their potential to co-transport contaminants in intact soil cores
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2016.06.025
Abstract: The use of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) has been advocated for the remediation of both soils and groundwater. A key parameter affecting nZVI remediation efficacy is the mobility of the particles as this influences the reaction zone where remediation can occur. However, by engineering nZVI particles with increased stability and mobility we may also inadvertently facilitate nZVI-mediated contaminant transport away from the zone of treatment. Previous nZVI mobility studies have often been limited to model systems as the presence of background Fe makes detection and tracking of nZVI in real systems difficult. We overcame this problem by synthesising Fe-59 radiolabelled nZVI. This enabled us to detect and quantify the leaching of nZVI-derived Fe-59 in intact soil cores, including a soil contaminated by Chromated-Copper-Arsenate. Mobility of a commercially available nZVI was also tested. The results showed limited mobility of both nanomaterials <1% of the injected mass was eluted from the columns and most of the radiolabelled nZVI remained in the surface soil layers (the primary treatment zone in this contaminated soil). Nevertheless, the observed breakthrough of contaminants and nZVI occurred simultaneously, indicating that although the quantity transported was low in this case, nZVI does have the potential to co-transport contaminants. These results show that direct injection of nZVI into the surface layers of contaminated soils may be a viable remediation option for soils such as this one, in which the mobility of nZVI below the injection/remediation zone was very limited. This Fe-59 experimental approach can be further extended to test nZVI transport in a wider range of contaminated soil types and textures and using different application methods and rates. The resulting database could then be used to develop and validate modelling of nZVI-facilitated contaminant transport on an in idual soil basis suitable for site specific risk assessment prior to nZVI remediation.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Silica-Modified Titania for Photocatalytic Decolouration of Crystal Violet
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 07-2015
Abstract: In the past few years, silica-modified titania has drawn increasing attention due to their special properties making them ideal candidates for a wide range of applications. In this study, we report a novel method for the synthesis of silica-modified titania by a sol-gel method using sodium silicate solution (1 M). The hydrolysis and condensation reactions of titanium dioxide (TiO2, Degussa Aeroxide® P25) in sodium silicate solution proceeded with citric acid (3 M) as a catalyst. The orbital shaking method was followed for the removal of sodium salt formed during the sol-gel process. Solvent exchange was carried out using methanol and hexane. Finally, chemical modification of the gel was conducted using trimethylchlorosilane followed by ambient pressure drying. The obtained silica-modified titania was characterised for nanostructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements were employed to investigate the BET surface area, pore structure and pore volume of specimens. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed exothermic peaks at temperature range of 90-190 °C representing the oxidation of organic groups from--Si-R network. The silica-modified titania showed high photocatalytic activity and an easy recovery using crystal violet as model water pollutant.
Advanced multi-nozzle electrospun functionalized titanium dioxide/polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (TiO2 /PVDF-HFP) composite membranes for direct contact membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Forward osmosis membrane modular configurations for osmotic dilution of seawater by forward osmosis and reverse osmosis hybrid system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2017.10.042
Abstract: This study evaluates various options for full-scale modular configuration of forward osmosis (FO) process for osmotic dilution of seawater using wastewater for simultaneous desalination and water reuse through FO-reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid system. Empirical relationship obtained from one FO membrane element operation was used to simulate the operational performances of different FO module configurations. The main limiting criteria for module operation is to always maintain the feed pressure higher than the draw pressure throughout the housing module for safe operation without affecting membrane integrity. Experimental studies under the conditions tested in this study show that a single membrane housing cannot accommodate more than four elements as the draw pressure exceeds the feed pressure. This then indicates that a single stage housing with eight elements is not likely to be practical for safe FO operation. Hence, six different FO modular configurations were proposed and simulated. A two-stage FO configuration with multiple housings (in parallel) in the second stage using same or larger spacer thickness reduces draw pressure build-up as the draw flow rates are reduced to half in the second stage thereby allowing more than four elements in the second stage housing. The loss of feed pressure (pressure drop) and osmotic driving force in the second stage are compensated by operating under the pressure assisted osmosis (PAO) mode, which helps enhance permeate flux and maintains positive pressure differences between the feed and draw chamber. The PAO energy penalty is compensated by enhanced permeate throughput, reduced membrane area, and plant footprint. The contribution of FO/PAO to total energy consumption was not significant compared to post RO desalination (90%) indicating that the proposed two-stage FO modular configuration is one way of making the FO full-scale operation practical for FO-RO hybrid system.
Practical considerations for operability of an 8″ spiral wound forward osmosis module: Hydrodynamics, fouling behaviour and cleaning strategy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
The forward osmosis application: Using the secondary effluent as makeup water for cooling water dilution
Publisher: Desalination Publications
Date: 2018
Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification using baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration hybrid system at different oxic-anoxic conditions for wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.109685
Abstract: The efficacy of a baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration (OMBR-MF) hybrid system equipped with thin film forward osmosis membrane for wastewater treatment was evaluated at laboratory scale. The novel OMBR-MF hybrid system involved baffles, that separate oxic and anoxic zones in the aerobic reactor for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), and a bioreactor comprised of thin film composite-forward osmosis (TFC-FO) and polyether sulfone-microfiltration (PES-MF) membranes. The evaluation was conducted under four different oxic-anoxic cycle patterns. Changes in flux, salinity build-up, and microbial activity (e.g., extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were assessed. Over the course of a 34 d test, the OMBR-MF hybrid system achieved high removal of total organic carbon (TOC) (86-92%), total nitrogen (TN) (63-76%), and PO
Assessing the removal of organic micro-pollutants from anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent by fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Preparation and characterization of titania nanoparticle produced from Ti-flocculated sludge with paper mill wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Two stage filtration for stormwater treatment: A pilot scale study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2012
Basic cost equations to estimate unit production costs for RO desalination and long-distance piping to supply water to tourism-dominated arid coastal regions of Egypt
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Effect of graphene oxide quantum dots on the interfacial polymerization of a thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane: An experimental and molecular dynamics study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Investigation of pilot-scale 8040 FO membrane module under different operating conditions for brackish water desalination
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-07-2014
Treatment of medical radioactive liquid waste using Forward Osmosis (FO) membrane process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Nanofibers for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Recent Advances and Developments
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 08-11-2018
Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis for irrigation of tomatoes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2014
Visible light activation of photocatalysts formed from the heterojunction of sludge-generated TiO2 and g-CN towards NO removal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2021.126919
Abstract: The feasibility of preparing TiO
Comparison of coagulation behavior and floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Development of visible light sensitive titania photocatalysts by combined nitrogen and silver doping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Synthesis and electrochemical capacitance of long tungsten oxide nanorod arrays grown vertically on substrate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride compared with ferric chloride for coal mining wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Combined hypermethylation of APC and GSTP1 as a molecular marker for prostate cancer: quantitative pyrosequencing analysis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Abstract: A total of 149 human prostate tissues obtained from our institute were assessed: 52 specimens of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 97 specimens of prostate cancer (PCa). The methylation status of the genes of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and glutathione-S-transferase-P1 (GSTP1) was analyzed by quantitative pyrosequencing. A methylation score (M score) was calculated to capture the combined methylation level of both genes. The methylation level of each single gene and that of both genes combined was significantly higher in PCa specimens than in BPH (each p < 0.001). The value of APC methylation, GSTP1 methylation, and M score for predicting PCa was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and reached 0.954, 0.942, and 0.983, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the M score in discriminating between PCa and BPH reached 92.8% and 100.0%, respectively. The M score was positively associated with the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (p trend < 0.001). Our study demonstrates that the quantitative measurement of two methylation markers might drastically improve the ability to discriminate PCa from BPH.
Real-time monitoring of membrane fouling development during early stages of activated sludge membrane bioreactor operation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Incorporation of negatively charged silver nanoparticles in outer-selective hollow fiber forward osmosis (OSHF-FO) membrane for wastewater dewatering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2014.01.002
Abstract: This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simulated waters, using humic acid (HA, high molecular weight) and fulvic acid (FA, relatively low molecular weight), respectively, as model natural organic matter (NOM). Results show that both particle and organic matter removal can be enhanced by increasing total hardness and ionic strength. Floc characteristics were significantly influenced by total hardness and ionic strength and were improved in terms of floc size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and compactness. The results of the UF tests show that the pre-coagulation with TiCl4 significantly improves the membrane permeate fluxes. Under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions, the membrane permeate flux varied according to both NOM and floc characteristics. The increase in total hardness and ionic strength improved the membrane permeate flux in the case of HA simulated water treatment.
Janus membranes for membrane distillation: Recent advances and challenges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Identification and quantification of foulant in submerged membrane reactor
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2010
Hybrid multi-scale basalt fiber-epoxy composite laminate reinforced with Electrospun polyurethane nanofibers containing carbon nanotubes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2014
Synthesis and NOx removal performance of anatase S–TiO2/g-CN heterojunction formed from dye wastewater sludge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Interactions between zinc oxide nanoparticles and hexabromocyclododecane in simulated waters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Combining high performance fertiliser with surfactants to reduce the reverse solute flux in the fertiliser drawn forward osmosis process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.08.024
Abstract: Solutions to mitigate the reverse diffusion of solutes are critical to the successful commercialisation of the fertiliser drawn forward osmosis process. In this study, we proposed to combine a high performance fertiliser (i.e., ammonium sulfate or SOA) with surfactants as additives as an approach to reduce the reverse diffusion of ammonium ions. Results showed that combining SOA with both anionic and non-ionic surfactants can help in reducing the reverse salt diffusion by up to 67%. We hypothesised that, hydrophobic interactions between the surfactant tails and the membrane surface likely constricted membrane pores resulting in increased rejection of ions with large hydrated radii such as SO
Preparation and characterisation of TiO 2 nanoparticle and titanate nanotube obtained from Ti-salt flocculated sludge with drinking water and seawater
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 02-2011
Abstract: This study aimed to prepare and characterise titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and titanate nanotubes produced from Ti-sat flocculated sludge with drinking water (DW) and seawater (SW). The Ti-salt flocculated sludge from DW and SW was incinerated at 600 degrees C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD results showed that the anatase TiO2 structure was predominant for TiO2 from DW (TiO2-DW) and TiO2 from SW (TiO2-SW), which were mainly doped with carbon atoms. Titanate nanotubes (tiNT) were obtained when TiO2-DW and TiO2-SW were hydrothermally treated with NaOH solution. Structure phase, shape, crystallisation and photocatalytic activity of tiNT were affected by the incineration temperature and the amount of sodium present in different tiNT. The tiNT doped with thiourea incinerated at 600 degrees C presented anatase phase, showing a high increase of the degree of crystallisation with nanotube-like structures. The photocatalytic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated using photooxidation of gaseous acetaldehyde. Thiourea doped tiNT-DW and tiNT-SW showed similar photocatalytic activity compared to commercially available TiO2-P25 under UV light and indicated a photocatalytic activity under visible light.
Solar desalination coupled with water remediation and molecular hydrogen production: a novel solar water-energy nexus
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7EE02640D
Abstract: A novel solar water-energy nexus technology is presented that combines the solar desalination of saline water and desalination-driven wastewater remediation coupled with the production of H 2 .
Co-doped mesoporous titania photocatalysts prepared from a peroxo-titanium complex solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
From the Laboratory to Full-Scale Applications of Forward Osmosis: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-11-2019
Performance of titanium salts compared to conventional FeCl3 for the removal of algal organic matter (AOM) in synthetic seawater: Coagulation performance, organic fraction removal and floc characteris
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2017.06.025
Abstract: During algal bloom periods, operation of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) pretreatment processes (e.g. ultrafiltration (UF)) has been hindered due to the high concentration of algal cells and algal organic matter (AOM). The present study evaluated for the first time the performance of titanium salts (i.e. titanium tetrachloride (TiCl
High-Efficiency Solar Desalination Accompanying Electrocatalytic Conversions of Desalted Chloride and Captured Carbon Dioxide
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-08-2019
Exploring shredded waste PET bottles as a biofilter media for improved on-site sanitation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4 ) and ferric chloride (FeCl3 ) in algal turbid water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Municipal wastewater treatment by forward osmosis using seawater concentrate as draw solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.124485
Abstract: Forward osmosis (FO) has been used in the wastewater treatment due to its advantages including low energy consumption and low membrane fouling. In this study, real municipal wastewater was concentrated by FO process using seawater concentrate as draw solution (DS). The influences of operating conditions such as temperature, flow velocity and sewage pre-filtration on water flux were investigated. Chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus could not be enriched by 4 times while sewage was reduced to 1/4 volume. Excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectrum showed that a fraction of dissolved organic compounds in sewage transported across membrane into DS. Membrane fouling was evaluated by scanning electronic microscope analysis that a dense cake layer was formed on the membrane surface after sewage filtration. However, water flux of the fouled membrane was highly recovered after 1 h of physical cleaning.
Preparation and characterization of LA/PCL composite fibers containing beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) particles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Fertiliser drawn forward osmosis desalination: The concept, performance and limitations for fertigation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-12-2012
Characterization of membranes for membrane-based salinity-gradient processes
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Fouling and performance of outer selective hollow fiber membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactor: Cross flow and air scouring effects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.122303
Abstract: This study assessed impacts of cross-flow velocity (CFV) and air scouring on the performance and membrane fouling mitigation of a side-stream module containing outer-selective hollow fiber thin film composite forward osmosis membrane in osmosis membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system for urban wastewater treatment. CFV of draw solution was optimized, followed by the impact assessment of three CFVs on feed solution (FS) stream and periodic injection of air scouring into the side-stream module. Overall, the OMBR system exhibited high and stable performance with initial water flux of approximately 15 LMH, high removal efficiencies of bulk organic matter and nutrients. While FS's CFVs insignificantly affected the performance and membrane fouling, regular air scouring showed substantial impact with better performance and high efficiency in mitigating membrane fouling. These results indicated that periodic air scouring can be applied into the side-stream membrane module for efficient fouling mitigation without interruption the operation of the OMBR system.
Controlling spherulitic structures at surface and sub-layer of hollow fiber membranes prepared using nucleation agents via triple-orifice spinneret in TIPS process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Environmental and economic assessment of hybrid FO-RO/NF system with selected inorganic draw solutes for the treatment of mine impaired water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Stability of Fe-oxide nanoparticles coated with natural organic matter under relevant environmental conditions
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 11-11-2014
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2014.454
Abstract: Manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) are increasingly released into the environment and thus research on their fate and behaviour in complex environmental s les is urgently needed. The fate of MNPs in the aquatic environment will mainly depend on the physico-chemical characteristics of the medium. The presence and concentration of natural organic matter (NOM) will play a significant role on the stability of MNPs by either decreasing or exacerbating the aggregation phenomenon. In this study, we firstly investigated the effect of NOM concentration on the aggregation behaviour of manufactured Fe-oxide nanoparticles. Then, the stability of the coated nanoparticles was assessed under relevant environmental conditions. Flow field-flow fractionation, an emerging method which is gaining popularity in the field of nanotechnology, has been employed and results have been compared to another size-measurement technique to provide increased confidence in the outcomes. Results showed enhanced stability when the nanoparticles are coated with NOM, which was due to electrosteric stabilisation. However, the presence of alent cations, even at low concentration (i.e. less than 1 mM) was found to induce aggregation of NOM-coated nanoparticles via bridging mechanisms between NOM and Ca2+.
Hollow fiber membranes with hierarchical spherulite surface structure developed by thermally induced phase separation using triple-orifice spinneret for membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Comparison of fouling indices in assessing pre-treatment for seawater reverse osmosis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
Nanofiltration for water and wastewater treatment - A mini review
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-06-2013
Abstract: Abstract. The application of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment is increasing due to stringent water quality standards. Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the widely used membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in addition to other applications such as desalination. NF has replaced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher flux rates. This paper briefly reviews the application of NF for water and wastewater treatment including fundamentals, mechanisms, fouling challenges and their controls.
Effluent organic matter (EfOM) in wastewater Constituents, effects, and treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2006
Preparation and characterisation of molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective separation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2009
Novel CA/PVDF nanofiber supports strategically designed via coaxial electrospinning for high performance thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes for desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
A novel electrospun, hydrophobic, and elastomeric styrene-butadiene-styrene membrane for membrane distillation applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Seasonal variation in the properties of titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated bioresource sludge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2010.11.060
Abstract: Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was carried out on monthly basis during one year to trace the seasonal variation in the properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts. Titania photocatalysts were produced from incineration of Ti-salt flocculated sludge at 600°C. The physio-chemical properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts were investigated. The photocatalytic activity of titania was examined using different substrates of rhodamine B and humic acid under UV light irradiation. Results indicated that the flocculation performance of Ti-salt was not affected by the seasonal variation of BTSE. BTSE characteristics resulted in marginal effect in titania characterisation and photocatalytic activity. Titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge in different seasons showed constant anatase phase, high BET surface area and high photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of N-Doped TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Atmospheric NOx
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-01-2021
Abstract: Titanium oxide (TiO2) is a potential photocatalyst for removing toxic NOx from the atmosphere. Its practical application is, however, significantly limited by its low absorption into visible light and a high degree of charge recombination. The overall photocatalytic activity of TiO2 remains too low since it can utilize only about 4–5% of solar energy. Nitrogen doping into the TiO2 lattice takes advantage of utilizing a wide range of solar radiation by increasing the absorption capability towards the visible light region. In this work, N-doped TiO2, referred to as TC, was synthesized by a simple co-precipitation of tri-thiocyanuric acid (TCA) with P25 followed by heat treatment at 550 degrees C. The resulting nitrogen doping increased the visible-light absorption and enhanced the separation/transfer of photo-excited charge carriers by capturing holes by reduced titanium ions. As a result, TC s les exhibited excellent photocatalytic activities of 59% and 51% in NO oxidation under UV and visible light irradiation, in which the optimum mass ratio of TCA to P25 was found to be 10.
Removal behaviors and fouling mechanisms of charged antibiotics and nanoparticles on forward osmosis membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.06.070
Abstract: Fouling and rejection mechanisms of both charged antibiotics (ABs) and nanoparticles (NPs) were determined using a negatively-charged polyamide thin film composite forward osmosis (FO) flat sheet membrane. Two types of ABs and NPs were selected as positively and negatively charged foulants at pH 8. The ABs did not cause significant membrane fouling, but the extent of fouling and rejection changed based on the electrostatic attraction or repulsion forces. The addition of opposite charged AB and NP resulted in a decline of the membrane flux by 11.0% but a 6.5% AB average rejection efficiency improvement. On the other hand, mixing of like-charged ABs and NPs generated repulsive forces that improved average rejection efficiency about 5.5% but made no changes in the membrane flux. In addition, NPs and ABs were mixed and tested at various concentrations and pH levels to rectify the behavior of ABs. The aggregate size and removal efficiency were observed to vary with the change in the electron double layer of the mixture. It can help to make the strategy to control the ABs in the FO process and consequently it enables the FO process to produce environmentally safe effluent.
Physico-chemical pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO): organic characterization and membrane autopsy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Progress on the Fabrication and Application of Electrospun Nanofiber Composites.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MEMBRANES10090204
Abstract: Nanofibers are one of the most attractive materials in various applications due to their unique properties and promising characteristics for the next generation of materials in the fields of energy, environment, and health. Among the many fabrication methods, electrospinning is one of the most efficient technologies which has brought about remarkable progress in the fabrication of nanofibers with high surface area, high aspect ratio, and porosity features. However, neat nanofibers generally have low mechanical strength, thermal instability, and limited functionalities. Therefore, composite and modified structures of electrospun nanofibers have been developed to improve the advantages of nanofibers and overcome their drawbacks. The combination of electrospinning technology and high-quality nanomaterials via materials science advances as well as new modification techniques have led to the fabrication of composite and modified nanofibers with desired properties for different applications. In this review, we present the recent progress on the fabrication and applications of electrospun nanofiber composites to sketch a progress line for advancements in various categories. Firstly, the different methods for fabrication of composite and modified nanofibers have been investigated. Then, the current innovations of composite nanofibers in environmental, healthcare, and energy fields have been described, and the improvements in each field are explained in detail. The continued growth of composite and modified nanofiber technology reveals its versatile properties that offer alternatives for many of current industrial and domestic issues and applications.
Characterisation of Fe-oxide nanoparticles coated with humic acid and Suwannee River natural organic matter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.04.083
Abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular for various applications including the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater however, their mobility and reactivity in the subsurface environment are significantly affected by their tendency to aggregate. One solution to overcome this issue is to coat the nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM). The advantages of DOM over conventional surface modifiers are that DOM is naturally abundant in the environment, inexpensive, non-toxic and readily adsorbed onto the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles. In this study, humic acid (HA) and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) were tested and compared as surface modifiers for Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs). The DOM-coated Fe2O3 NPs were characterised by various analytical methods including: flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The stability of the coated NPs was then evaluated by assessing their aggregation and disaggregation behaviour over time. Results showed that both HA and SRNOM were rapidly and readily adsorbed on the surface of Fe2O3 NPs, providing electrosteric stabilisation over a wide range of pH. HPSEC results showed that the higher molecular weight components of DOM were preferentially adsorbed onto the surface of Fe2O3. As SRNOM consists of macromolecules with a higher molecular weight than HA, the measured size of the SRNOM-coated Fe2O3 NPs was 30% larger than the HA-coated Fe2O3 NPs. FTIR results indicated the occurrence of hydrogen bonding arising from electrostatic interaction between the DOM and Fe2O3 NPs. Finally, a stability study showed that after 14 days, small agglomerates and aggregates were formed. The HA-coated Fe2O3 NPs formed agglomerates which were easily disaggregated using a vortex mixer, with the coated NPs returning to their initial size. However, SRNOM-coated Fe2O3 NPs were only partially disaggregated using the same method, which indicates that these aggregates have a more compact structure.
A Study on the Evaluation Methods of Nitrogen Oxide Removal Performance of Photocatalytic Concrete for Outdoor Applications
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-08-2022
Abstract: In Korea, the issue of particulate matter pollution is growing, and many solutions are being developed to deal with it. Photocatalytic technology has been found to be helpful in removing precursors such as nitrogen oxides that cause particulate matter. In a microcosm setup, ISO 22197-1 has been successfully used to quantify the removal of nitrogen oxides from the specimen to which the photocatalyst is applied. However, owing to a lack of suitable tools, on-site measurement of real-scale efficacy is difficult. Depending on the substrate and surrounding circumstances at the application location, the photocatalyst may function at varying levels. Additionally, the expected photocatalytic effect may differ depending on the ambient air quality and sunlight irradiation intensity. This article describes two approaches for studying outdoor concrete photocatalysis. Standard gas measurement and dual-reactor measurement are the recommended evaluation approaches. The standard gas measurement method was found useful for assessing the applied photocatalyst itself as an outcome of field assessment. The performance of photocatalysts at different sites was found to be mutually exclusive and comparable. Over 180 min, on a building roof deck, the NO removal by the standard gas method was 0.68 ppm, whereas, at two shaded locations, the removal amount was 0.51 ppm (side wall) and 0.24 ppm (underpass) for 300 min. The dual reactor measurement approach, on the other hand, was discovered to be one of the most suitable methods for assessing how much of an improvement there has been in the air quality in areas where photocatalysts have been placed.
The impacts of coagulant aid-polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride on coagulation performances and floc characteristics in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment with titanium tetrachloride
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE–2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Preparation of TiO 2 nanoparticle from Ti-salt flocculated sludge with dye wastewater
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 05-2010
Abstract: Dye wastewater flocculation using TiCl4 and FeSO4 coagulants was studied for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. Moreover, TiCl4 was assessed in a pilot-scale flocculation process to investigate organic removal and solution pH effect. A large amount of TiO2 was produced from sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in dye wastewater. This flocculation process simultaneously reduces a large amount of sludge produced from wastewater. The TiO2 nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that 77.6% of organic matter was removed from dye wastewater when using FeSO4 as coagulant, while TiCl4 degraded 75.9% of organic matter. On the other hand, floc precipitation efficiency was better for TiCl4 if compared with FeSO4. The optimum concentration of TiCl4 for pilot-scale flocculation was found to be equal to 2.1 g/L. DWT (Dye wastewater titania) size was 15-20 nm, mainly doped with carbon atoms and exhibited a dominant anatase structure. DWT was similar to P-25 in decomposing acetaldehyde under UV-irradiation and complete photocatalytic degradation was achieved after 140 min.
Environmental and economic impacts of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis and nanofiltration hybrid system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Applications of nano-porous graphene materials - critical review on performance and challenges
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/C9MH01570A
Abstract: A critical review on the potential of nano-porous graphene materials, their key structural and physicochemical properties for applications in the areas of separation and sensing and energy storage.
Recent advances in nanomaterial-incorporated nanocomposite membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
The potential of monocationic imidazolium-, phosphonium-, and ammonium-based hydrophilic ionic liquids as draw solutes for forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Evaluating the Feasibility of Forward Osmosis in Diluting RO Concentrate Using Pretreatment Backwash Water
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-02-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MEMBRANES10030035
Abstract: Forward osmosis (FO) is an excellent membrane process to dilute seawater (SW) reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate for either to increase the water recovery or for safe disposal. However, the low fluxes through FO membranes as well the biofouling/scaling of FO membranes are bottlenecks of this process requiring larger membrane area and membranes with anti-fouling properties. This study evaluates the performance of hollow fibre and flat sheet membranes with respect to flux and biofouling. Ferric hydroxide sludge was used as impaired water mimicking the backwash water of a filter that is generally employed as pretreatment in a SWRO plant and RO concentrate was used as draw solution for the studies. Synthetic salts are also used as draw solutions to compare the flux produced. The study found that cellulose triacetate (CTA) flat sheet FO membrane produced higher flux (3–6 L m−2 h−1) compared to that produced by polyamide (PA) hollow fibre FO membrane (less than 2.5 L m−2 h−1) under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, long-term studies conducted on the flat sheet FO membranes showed that fouling due to ferric hydroxide sludge did not allow the water flux to increase more than 3.15 L m−2 h−1.
Titania produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge: Photocatalytic activity under solar light
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 08-2014
Abstract: In this study, titania photocatalyst was produced from the wastewater sludge of Ti-salt flocculation. The high photocatalytic activity of titania reported was evaluated based on a single organic substrate. However, the photocatalytic activity is a substrate-specific one photocatalyst showed different photocatalytic degradation rates for different substrates. Thus, to investigate the substrate-specific photocatalytic activity of titania, various substrates of humic acid (HA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), rhodamine B (RhB), metsulfuron methyl (M&M) and phenol were used under simulated solar light irradiation. Results showed titania had a high activity rate for RhB, moderate activity for HA and DCA and low activity for M&M and phenol indicating substrate-specific activities. When compared with Degussa-P25, titania showed higher activity for M&M, while the opposite was observed for HA and phenol. The specific-substrate behaviour of titania could depend on specific physicochemical and electronic interactions between titania, substrates, and their intermediates compounds formed.
Is lithium brine water?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Factors affecting the performances of forward osmosis desalination process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Performance of granular medium filtration and membrane filtration in treating stormwater for harvesting and reuse
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2012
Synthesis, characterisation and separation of photoreactive Hydrogen-titanate nanofibrous channel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Adsorption Characterization for Multi-Component Organic Matters by Titanium Oxide (TiO2) in Wastewater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2007
Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles from Electrocoagulated Sludge using Sacrificial Titanium Electrodes
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-06-2010
DOI: 10.1021/ES100333S
Abstract: A comprehensive investigation of electrocoagulation using sacrificial titanium (Ti) electrodes in wastewater was carried out. The effects of specific process variables, such as initial pH, mixing, current density, initial organic loading, and ionic/electrolyte strength were first optimized to produce recyclable Ti-based sludge. The sludge was incinerated at 600 degrees C to produce functional TiO(2) photocatalyst. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that TiO(2) produced at optimum electrocoagulation conditions was mostly anatase structure. The specific surface area of the synthesized TiO(2) photocatalyst was higher than that of the commercially available and widely used Degussa P-25 TiO(2). Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that in additional to titanium and oxygen, this photocatalyst is also composed of carbon and phosphorus. These elements were mainly doped as a substitute site for the oxygen atom. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited sharply edged nanorods, round nanoparticles, and nanotubes with nonuniform shapes showing some structural defects. Photodecomposition of gaseous acetaldehyde by this photocatalyst was also conducted under UV and visible light irradiation to study the photocatalytic properties of the doped TiO(2) photocatalyst. While no photocatalytic activity was observed under visible light irradiation, this doped TiO(2) photocatalyst exhibited high photocatalytic activity under UV light.
Surface modification of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes with polyvinyl alcohol–graphene oxide composite hydrogels for antifouling properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Water flux behavior of blended solutions of ammonium bicarbonate mixed with eight salts respectively as draw solutions in forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Mechanical performance of multiscale basalt fiber–epoxy laminates containing tourmaline micro/nano particles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
A novel dual-layer bicomponent electrospun nanofibrous membrane for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Hybrid filtration method for pre-treatment of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Elucidation of physicochemical scaling mechanisms in membrane distillation (MD): Implication to the control of inorganic fouling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Desalination plants in Australia, review and facts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Inorganic scaling in the treatment of shale gas wastewater by fertilizer drawn forward osmosis process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Development of a novel method to prepare Fe- and Al-doped TiO2 from wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Preparation and characterization of titania nanoparticles from titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate flocculation of dye wastewater
Publisher: Japan Petroleum Institute
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1627/JPI.53.167
A detailed organic matter characterization of pretreated seawater using low pressure microfiltration hybrid systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Human urine as a forward osmosis draw solution for the application of microalgae dewatering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.06.001
Abstract: Human urine is a unique solution that has the right composition to constitute both a severe environmental threat and a rich source of nitrogen and phosphorous. In fact, between 4-9% of urine mass consists of ions, such as K
Core–Shell Interface-Oriented Synthesis of Bowl-Structured Hollow Silica Nanospheres Using Self-Assembled ABC Triblock Copolymeric Micelles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-10-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.8B00792
Abstract: Hollow porous silica nanospheres (HSNs) are emerging classes of cutting-edge nanostructured materials. They have elicited much interest as carriers of active molecule delivery due to their amorphous chemical structure, nontoxic nature, and biocompatibility. Structural development with hierarchical morphology is mostly required to obtain the desired performance. In this context, large through-holes or pore openings on shells are desired so that the postsynthesis loading of active-molecule onto HSNs via a simple immersion method can be facilitated. This study reports the synthesis of HSNs with large through-holes or pore openings on shells, which are subsequently termed bowl-structured hollow porous silica nanospheres (BHSNs). The synthesis of BHSNs was mediated by the core-shell interfaces of the core-shell corona-structured micelles obtained from a commercially available ABC triblock copolymer (polystyrene- b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)- b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-P2VP-PEO)). In this synthesis process, polymer@SiO
Recovery of sludge produced from Ti-salt flocculation as pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Influence of fertilizer draw solution properties on the process performance and microbial community structure in a side-stream anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis – ultrafiltration bioreactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.02.098
Abstract: In this study, a side-stream anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane bioreactor (MBR) hybrid system was proposed and operated for 55days. The FDFO performance was first investigated in terms of flux decline with various fertilizers draw solution. Flux decline was very severe with all fertilizers due to the absence of aeration and the sticky property of sludge. Flux recovery by physical cleaning varied significantly amongst tested fertilizers which seriously affected biofouling in FDFO via reverse salt flux (RSF). Besides, RSF had a significant impact on nutrient accumulation in the bioreactor. These results indicated that nutrient accumulation negatively influenced the anaerobic activity. To elucidate these phenomena, bacterial and archaeal community structures were analyzed by pyrosequencing. Results showed that bacterial community structure was affected by fertilizer properties with less impact on archaeal community structure, which resulted in a reduction in biogas production and an increase in nitrogen content.
In-line flocculation-filtration as pre-treatment to reverse osmosis desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Biofilter as pretreatment to membrane based desalination: Evaluation in terms of fouling index
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Isolation and characterization of sulfur-utilizing denitrifiers from the sulfur-oxidizing denitrification process.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Abstract: Of 14 potential sulfur-oxidizing strains, Pseudomonas sp. B21 and Agrobacterium sp. B19 were considered as denitrifiers. Under aerobic conditions, with S0 as electron donor, maximum cell growth rates were 0.022 (B21) and 0.043 h(-1) (B19). Both grew optimally at pH 7.5 and 28 degrees C. When NO3-N was increased from 10 to 200 mg l(-1) the efficiency of nitrate removal of each strain gradually decreased, from 60 to 40%. Addition of suitable organic compounds (C/N < 4.2) increased the nitrate removal efficiencies of both strains, indicating their mixotrophic characters.
Minimization of excess sludge and cryptic growth of microorganisms by alkaline treatment of activated sludge
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-11-2011
Application of hybrid photocatalysis systems coupled with flocculation and adsorption to biologically treated sewage effluent for organic removal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2007
Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from sludge produced by TiCl4 flocculation with FeCl3, A1 2(SO4)3 and Ca(OH)2 coagulant aids in wastewater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-04-2009
Preparation of iron-doped titania from flocculated sludge with iron-titanium composite coagulant
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 06-2013
Abstract: The main drawback of flocculation process with dye wastewater is the large amount of unrecyclable sludge which needs disposal. A novel process using Ti-salt flocculation to purify wastewater was developed to produced sludge that can be calcined to produce titania. In this study, iron-doped TiO2 nanomaterial was successfully produced from sludge obtained by the flocculation of dye wastewater with a composite floculant including TiCl4 and FeSO4. The titania was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the photodecomposition of acetaldehyde. The XDR results showed that the anatase and rutile structures were found after sludge calcination at 550 degrees C and 640 degrees C respectively. The elemental analyses were carried out using EDX. The rutile titania s le consisted of Ti (35.7 wt.%), Fe (14.7 wt.%), O (42.3 wt.%), P (2.6 wt.%) and Ca (4.7 wt.%). The photocatalytic activity was monitored for the photodecomposition of gas acetaldehyde. Iron-doped titania seems to play an important role in increasing the photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation.
Evaluation of fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis for coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine treatment and sustainable agricultural reuse
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Role of various physical and chemical techniques for hollow fibre forward osmosis membrane cleaning
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-08-2016
Blended fertilizers as draw solutions for fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis desalination
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-03-2012
DOI: 10.1021/ES300002W
Abstract: In fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination, the final nutrient concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)) in the product water is essential for direct fertigation and to avoid over fertilization. Our study with 11 selected fertilizers indicate that blending of two or more single fertilizers as draw solution (DS) can achieve significantly lower nutrient concentration in the FDFO product water rather than using single fertilizer alone. For ex le, blending KCl and NH(4)H(2)PO(4) as DS can result in 0.61/1.35/1.70 g/L of N/P/K, which is comparatively lower than using them in idually as DS. The nutrient composition and concentration in the final FDFO product water can also be adjusted by selecting low nutrient fertilizers containing complementary nutrients and in different ratios to produce prescription mixtures. However, blending fertilizers generally resulted in slightly reduced bulk osmotic pressure and water flux in comparison to the sum of the osmotic pressures and water fluxes of the two in idual DSs as used alone. The performance ratio or PR (ratio of actual water flux to theoretical water flux) of blended fertilizer DS was observed to be between the PR of the two fertilizer solutions tested in idually. In some cases, such as urea, blending also resulted in significant reduction in N nutrient loss by reverse diffusion in presence of other fertilizer species.
Applications of capacitive deionization: Desalination, softening, selective removal, and energy efficiency
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) compared with aluminum and iron salts in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Studying Municipal Solid Waste Generation And Composition In The Urban Areas Of Bhutan
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-10-2010
Abstract: Bhutan lacks the solid waste data which are essential parameters for planning and scheduling of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. The first ever large-scale research survey on solid waste generation and characterization in the urban areas of Bhutan was conducted between November 2007 and January 2008 using the method of waste s ling at source. The MSW generation rates in the urban centres were 0.53 kg capita -1 day - 1 , which consists predominantly of organic waste materials of up to 58% indicating a great opportunity for composting. Domestic waste from the households contributed the maximum (47%) component of the total MSW generated from the urban centres followed by wastes from the commercial establishments. Attempt to study the correlation between household monthly income and the waste per capita generation rates did not yield any conclusive result.
Preparation of titanium oxide, iron oxide, and aluminium oxide from sludge generated from Ti-salt, Fe-salt and Al-salt flocculation of wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Ultraflitration of wastewater with pretreatment: evaluation of flux decline models
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
Introduction: Membrane Desalination Today, Past, and Future
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Coagulation and sludge recovery using titanium tetrachloride as coagulant for real water treatment: A comparison against traditional aluminum and iron salts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Agglomeration behaviour of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in river waters: A multi-method approach combining light scattering and field-flow fractionation techniques
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2015.05.011
Abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are currently one of the most prolifically used nanomaterials, resulting in an increasing likelihood of release to the environment. This is of concern as the potential toxicity of TiO2 NPs has been investigated in several recent studies. Research into their fate and behaviour once entering the environment is urgently needed to support risk assessment and policy development. In this study, we used a multi-method approach combining light scattering and field-flow fractionation techniques to assess both the aggregation behaviour and aggregate structure of TiO2 NPs in different river waters. Results showed that both the aggregate size and surface-adsorbed dissolved organic matter (DOM) were strongly related to the initial DOM concentration of the tested waters (i.e. R(2) > 0.90) suggesting that aggregation of TiO2 NPs is controlled by the presence and concentration of DOM. The conformation of the formed aggregates was also found to be strongly related to the surface-adsorbed DOM (i.e. R(2) > 0.95) with increasing surface-adsorbed DOM leading to more compact structures. Finally, the concentration of TiO2 NPs remaining in the supernatant after sedimentation of the larger aggregates was found to decrease proportionally with both increasing IS and decreasing DOM concentration, resulting in more than 95% sedimentation in the highest IS s le.
A comprehensive review of hybrid forward osmosis systems: Performance, applications and future prospects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
The effect of Schiff base network on the separation performance of thin film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Inkjet printed polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane using a polyketone support for organic solvent nanofiltration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Evaluation of fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis for sustainable agriculture and water reuse in arid regions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.11.021
Abstract: The present study focused on the performance of the FDFO process to achieve simultaneous water reuse from wastewater and production of nutrient solution for hydroponic application. Bio-methane potential (BMP) measurements were firstly carried out to determine the effect of osmotic concentration of wastewater achieved in the FDFO process on the anaerobic activity. Results showed that 95% water recovery from the FDFO process is the optimum value for further AnMBR treatment. Nine different fertilizers were then tested based on their FO performance (i.e. water flux, water recovery and reverse salt flux) and final nutrient concentration. From this initial screening, ammonium phosphate monobasic (MAP), ammonium sulfate (SOA) and mono-potassium phosphate were selected for long term experiments to investigate the maximum water recovery achievable. After the experiments, hydraulic membrane cleaning was performed to assess the water flux recovery. SOA showed the highest water recovery rate, up to 76% while KH
Membrane scaling and flux decline during fertiliser-drawn forward osmosis desalination of brackish groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2014.03.034
Abstract: Fertiliser-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination has been recently studied as one feasible application of forward osmosis (FO) for irrigation. In this study, the potential of membrane scaling in the FDFO process has been investigated during the desalination of brackish groundwater (BGW). While most fertilisers containing monovalent ions did not result in any scaling when used as an FO draw solution (DS), diammonium phosphate (DAP or (NH4)2HPO4) resulted in significant scaling, which contributed to severe flux decline. Membrane autopsy using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the reverse diffusion of DAP from the DS to the feed solution was primarily responsible for scale formation during the FDFO process. Physical cleaning of the membrane with deionised water at varying crossflow velocities was employed to evaluate the reversibility of membrane scaling and the extent of flux recovery. For the membrane scaled using DAP as DS, 80-90% of the original flux was recovered when the crossflow velocity for physical cleaning was the same as the crossflow velocity during FDFO desalination. However, when a higher crossflow velocity or Reynolds number was used, the flux was recovered almost completely, irrespective of the DS concentration used. This study underscores the importance of selecting a suitable fertiliser for FDFO desalination of brackish groundwater to avoid membrane scaling and severe flux decline.
Preparation of effective lithium-ion sieve from sludge-generated TiO2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Polyvinylidene fluoride phase design by two-dimensional boron nitride enables enhanced performance and stability for seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Assessing membrane fouling potential of humic acid using flow field-flow fractionation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with a nonwoven fabric filter for household wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2009.10.013
Abstract: Conventional and modified membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are increasingly used in small-scale wastewater treatment. However, their widespread applications are hindered by their relatively high cost and operational complexity. In this study, we investigate a new concept of wastewater treatment using a nonwoven fabric filter bag (NFFB) as the membrane bioreactor. Activated sludge is charged in the nonwoven fabric filter bag and membrane filtration via the fabric is achieved under gravity flow without a suction pump. This study found that the biofilm layer formed inside the NFFB achieved 10mg/L of suspended solids in the permeate within 20 min of initial operation. The dynamic biofilter layer showed good filterability and the specific membrane resistance consisted of 0.3-1.9 x 10(12)m/kg. Due to the low F/M ratio (0.04-0.10 kg BOD(5)/m(3)/d) and the resultant low sludge yield, the reactor was operated without forming excess sludge. Although the reactor provided aerobic conditions, denitrification occurred in the biofilm layer to recover the alkalinity, thereby eliminating the need to supplement the alkalinity. This study indicates that the NFFB system provides a high potential of effective wastewater treatment with simple operation at reduced cost, and hence offer an attractive solution for widespread use in rural and sparsely populated areas.
Effect of stacking sequence on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced with carbon and basalt fibers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Titanium tetrachloride for silver nanoparticle-humic acid composite contaminant removal in coagulation-ultrafiltration hybrid process: floc property and membrane fouling
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-016-7813-8
Abstract: Titanium-based coagulation is expected to achieve both efficient water purification and sludge recycling. This study is the first attempt to use titanium tetrachloride (TiCl
Adsorption characteristics of antibiotics trimethoprim on powdered and granular activated carbon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Coagulation performance evaluation of sodium alginate used as coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate, iron chloride and titanium tetrachloride
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Palladium Recovery through Membrane Capacitive Deionization from Metal Plating Wastewater
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-12-2018
Polyelectrolyte-promoted forward osmosis process for dye wastewater treatment – Exploring the feasibility of using polyacrylamide as draw solute
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Rejection of harsh pH saline solutions using graphene membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Exploration of polyepoxysuccinic acid as a novel draw solution in the forward osmosis process
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7RA04036A
Abstract: Polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) is a green corrosion scale inhibitor.
Effect of pretreatment on the fouling of membranes: application in biologically treated sewage effluent
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
3D printing for membrane desalination: Challenges and future prospects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Techno-economic assessment of fertiliser drawn forward osmosis process for greenwall plants from urban wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Tuning the nanostructure of nitrogen-doped graphene laminates for forward osmosis desalination
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9NR06845G
Abstract: Studies have concentrated on the physicochemical properties of graphene-based membranes that can replace polymeric membranes for use in forward osmosis (FO) systems.
Reuse of municipal wastewater via membrane capacitive deionization using ion-selective polymer-coated carbon electrodes in pilot-scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
A pilot-scale hybrid municipal wastewater reclamation system using combined coagulation and disk filtration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis: Removal of nutrients and micropollutants, and characterization of membrane foulants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2013.03.198
Abstract: A pilot-scale municipal wastewater reclamation system using combined coagulation and disk filtration (CC-DF), ultrafiltration (UF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been built to investigate removal of water contaminants and fouling mitigation. The reclaimed water using the pilot system could meet draft regulations on wastewater reuse of the California Department of Public Health (DOC: 0.5 mgC/L TN: 5 mgN/L). The removal of micropolluants by the CC-DF process and UF could not be evaluated by their MW, Log D, and charge characteristics. However, they were identified as governing factors affecting the removal of micropollutants by the RO. The CC-DF process might effectively remove particulate materials capable of contributing to cake layer formation on the UF membrane surfaces but the residual coagulants provided a strong effect on fouling formation of the UF membrane. Thus, hydrophobic fractions of the desorbed UF membrane foulants were higher than those of the desorbed RO membrane foulants.
Aggregation behaviour of engineered nanoparticles in natural waters: Characterising aggregate structure using on-line laser light scattering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2014.11.003
Abstract: Adsorption of natural organic matter, aggregation and disaggregation have been identified as three of the main processes affecting the fate and behaviour of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic environments. However, although several methods have been developed to study the aggregation behaviour of ENPs in natural waters, there are only a few studies focusing on the fate of such aggregates and their potential disaggregation behaviour. In this study, we proposed and demonstrated a simple method for characterising the aggregation behaviour and aggregate structure of ENPs in different natural waters. Both the aggregate size of ENPs and their adsorption capacity for dissolved organic matter (DOM) were strongly related (R(2)>0.97, p 0.95, p<.05) to the amount of DOM adsorbed by the ENPs during the aggregation process. Under high ionic strength conditions, aggregation is mainly governed by diffusion and the aggregates formed under these conditions showed the lowest stability and fractal dimension, forming linear, chain-like aggregates. In contrast, under low ionic strength conditions, the aggregate structure was more compact, most likely due to strong chemical binding with DOM and bridging mechanisms involving alent cations formed during reaction-limited aggregation.
Corrigendum to “Applications of capacitive deionization: Desalination, softening, selective removal, and energy efficiency” [Desalination 449 (2019) 118–130](S0011916418306386)(10.1016/j.desal.2018.10.013)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Assessment of pretreatment to microfiltration for desalination in terms of fouling index and molecular weight distribution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Magnetised titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) for water purification: preparation, characterisation and application
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-04-2015
Electrode for selective bromide removal in membrane capacitive deionisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Cationic polyacrylamide as coagulant aid with titanium tetrachloride for low molecule organic matter removal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.04.044
Abstract: This is the first attempt to use cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) as coagulant aid with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) to improve the coagulation performance and floc properties. Coagulation-flocculation treatment was applied to simulated water (with fulvic acid (FA) as model organic matter) for both coagulation behavior investigation and floc characterization. The effect of PAM on floc reformation properties after cyclic breakage/regrowth was also investigated. Ultrafiltration experiments were performed to investigate the influence of PAM aided TiCl4 coagulation on the membrane fouling. The results showed that organic removal was enhanced by PAM addition at low TiCl4 doses. Floc growth rate and floc size were significantly affected by dosing sequence. TiCl4-PAM significantly improved the floc strength factors (Sf) and recovery factors (Rf). The dosing sequence of TiCl4 and PAM significantly influenced the floc structure. Characterization of the flocculated sludge indicated that TiO2 with anatase structure and high photocatalytic activity could be obtained from the TiCl4-PAM flocculated sludge.
Synthesis and characterisation of potassium polytitanate for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2014.09.020
Abstract: Potassium titanate nanostructures were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 (P25) in KOH and H2O2. As-produced powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Longitudinally-oriented-wire-like structures with a length up to several micrometres and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm were obtained. Larger size fibrous nanowires resulting from the hydrothermal treatment showed high affinity in adsorbing crystal violet (CV), which was mainly due to their high surface area. The photocatalytic bleaching of CV solution revealed that the wires are photoactive under ultraviolet light irradiation. Macroporous nanowires are considered as effective adsorbents of CV, capable of photocatalytic degradation, and they can be easily separated from the solution by settling.
Effect of shear force, solution pH and breakage period on characteristics of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2011.01.064
Abstract: The growth, breakage and regrowth nature of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was comparatively evaluated with surface water treatment. A series of jar experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of different operating parameters such as shear force, solution pH and a breakage period on floc strength and re-aggregation potential. Results indicated that the responses of flocs to different operating parameters depend on the coagulant used. The ability of floc to resist breakage decreased with the increase of shear force and breakage period. Floc strength properties were also measured in response to increasing shear force, with the results suggesting that the order of floc strength was TiCl(4)>PACl. Floc regrowth of the two coagulants after exposure to high shear was limited, and flocs formed by TiCl(4) displayed weaker recoverability. The flocs generated in acid conditions were more recoverable than those generated in alkaline conditions no matter which coagulant was used.
Titania Nanomaterials Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2011
Visible light responsive ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide for the removal of metsulfuron-methyl herbcide in aqueous phase
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Microbial community analysis of an aerobic nitrifying-denitrifying MBR treating ABS resin wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2010.12.045
Abstract: A two-stage aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for treating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin wastewater was carried out in this study to evaluate the system performance on nitrification. The results showed that nitrification of the aerobic MBR system was significant and the highest TKN removal of approximately 90% was obtained at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 18 h. In addition, the result of nitrogen mass balance revealed that the percentage of TN removal due to denitrification was in the range of 8.7-19.8%. Microbial community analysis based on 16s rDNA molecular approach indicated that the dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) group in the system was a β-class ammonia oxidizer which was identified as uncultured sludge bacterium (AF234732). A heterotrophic aerobic denitrifier identified as Thauera mechernichensis was found in the system. The results indicated that a sole aerobic MBR system for simultaneous removals of carbon and nitrogen can be designed and operated for neglect with an anaerobic unit.
Capability of Organically Modified Montmorillonite Nanoclay as a Carrier for Imidacloprid Delivery
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-12-2021
Influence of temperature and temperature difference in the performance of forward osmosis desalination process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Adsorption Characteristics of Acetaldehyde on Activated Carbons Prepared from Corn-Based Biomass Precursor
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-05-2010
Efficient fouling control using outer-selective hollow fiber thin-film composite membranes for osmotic membrane bioreactor applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.03.002
Abstract: This paper investigates the efficiency of fouling mitigation methods using a novel outer selective hollow fiber thin-film composite forward osmosis (OSHF TFC FO) membrane for osmosis membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system treating municipal wastewater. Two home-made membrane modules having similar transport properties were used. Two operation regimes with three different fouling mitigation strategies were utilized to test the easiness of membrane for fouling cleaning. These two membrane modules demonstrated high performance with high initial water flux of 14.4 LMH and 14.1 LMH and slow increase rate of mixed liquor's salinity in the bioreactor using 30 g/L NaCl as draw solution. OMBR system showed high removals of total organic carbon and NH4 + -N (>98%). High fouling cleaning efficiency was achieved using OSHF TFC FO membrane with different fouling control methods. These results showed that this membrane is suitable for OMBR applications due to its high performance and its simplicity for fouling mitigation.
Performance of Flocculation and Adsorption Pretreatments to Ultrafiltration of Biologically Treated Sewage Effluent: the Effect of Seasonal Variations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2006
Novel pre-treatment method for seawater reverse osmosis: Fibre media filtration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Thin film composite hollow fibre forward osmosis membrane module for the desalination of brackish groundwater for fertigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis as an alternative to 2nd pass seawater reverse osmosis: Estimation of boron removal and energy consumption
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2021
Coagulation by titanium tetrachloride for fulvic acid removal: Factors influencing coagulation efficiency and floc characteristics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Continued Psychometric Evaluation of an Intuition Instrument for Nursing Students
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a revised intuition instrument developed for nursing students. Method: Principal component factor analysis was used to establish construct validity, and the Cronbach’s alpha was used to examine reliability. Findings: Statistical analysis resulted in a 26-item intuition instrument with 6 factors accounting for 62% of the variance. The factors were labeled as Feelings That Reassure (27.7%), Spiritual Connections (10.9%), Feelings That Alert (8.4%), Feelings That Forewarn (5.8%), Physical Sensations That Alert (4.7%), and Reading Physical Cues (4.2%). Eigenvalues ranged from 1.100 to 7.225, and factor loadings ranged from .572 to .848. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was .89 with a range of .73 to .85 for each factor. Conclusions: The 26-item intuition instrument showed evidence of construct validity and reliability. Implications: The intuition instrument can serve as a stimulus to foster students’ intuitive abilities.
Fertiliser drawn forward osmosis process: Pilot-scale desalination of mine impaired water for fertigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Aliphatic polyketone-based thin film composite membrane with mussel-inspired polydopamine intermediate layer for high performance osmotic power generation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Preparation and characterisation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes prepared from wastewater flocculated sludge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2009.06.096
Abstract: In this study, titanium (Ti), ferric (Fe) and aluminum (Al) salt flocculants were compared for their efficiency in treating wastewater collected from Sydney Olympic Park wastewater treatment plant by following the jar test procedure. Produced sludge from Ti-salt flocculation was dried and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were generated after the incineration of sludge produced from the Ti-salt flocculation of wastewater. Later on, titanate nanotubes were synthesized after TiO2 nanoparticles were hydrothermally treated with 10 N NaOH solution at 130 degrees C for 24 h. Titanate nanotubes were either acid or deionised water-washed, while thiourea-doping was employed to produce visible light-responsive nanotubes. Wastewater flocculation using Ti-salt was found to be as efficient as Fe and Al flocculation in terms of turbidity and DOC removal. XRD results showed that the anatase structure was predominant for TiO2 nanoparticles, while thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes only indicated anatase structure with an increased crystallinity after being crystallized at 600 degrees C. The photocatalytic activity of all photocatalysts was evaluated using the photooxidation of acetaldehyde. Thiourea-doped nanotubes showed a greater photocatalytic activity than as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles, deionised water-washed, acid-washed titanate nanotubes and P25 under UV and visible light irradiation.
Impact of reverse nutrient diffusion on membrane biofouling in fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Characterizations of colloidal organic matter isolated from surface water
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-09-2009
Sanitation and dewatering of human urine via membrane bioreactor and membrane distillation and its reuse for fertigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Pressure assisted fertiliser drawn osmosis process to enhance final dilution of the fertiliser draw solution beyond osmotic equilibrium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Evaluation of pretreatment and membrane configuration for pressure-retarded osmosis application to produced water from the petroleum industry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Optimizing the performance of sweeping gas membrane distillation for treating naturally heated saline groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-0001
Coagulation performance and floc characteristics with polyaluminum chloride using sodium alginate as coagulant aid: A preliminary assessment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Recyclable nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI)-immobilized electrospun nanofiber composites with improved mechanical strength for groundwater remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Effect of photocatalysis on the membrane hybrid system for wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Recycling of excess sludge using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
“Robbing behavior” and re-immobilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) onto electrospun polymeric nanofiber mats for trichloroethylene (TCE) remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Advanced characterization of algogenic organic matter, bacterial organic matter, humic acids and fulvic acids
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2013.118
Abstract: Advanced characterization techniques of organic matter, including bulk organic characterization, size-exclusion chromatography, three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fractionations using Amberlite XAD-8/4 resins, were used to investigate differences and similarities in the physicochemical properties of four different organic matter, namely algogenic organic matter (AOM), bacterial organic matter (BOM), Suwanee River humic acids (SRHA) and Suwanee River fulvic acids (SRFA). From the comparison of characteristics of the AOM, BOM, SRHA, and SRFA, it was identified that the specific UV absorbance, molar ratio of organic nitrogen to organic carbon, molecular weight, fluorescence characteristics, functional group compositions, and relative hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of all the tested organic matter were considerably different from their sources. The SRHA and SRFA were mainly composed of hydrophobic fractions while the AOM and BOM included more hydrophilic fractions than the SRHA and SRFA due to the alcohol and amide functional groups. This indicated that the origin of organic matter in natural waters can be predicted by their physicochemical characteristics, and the source identification of organic matter provides a better understanding of the interactions between the origin of organic matter and water treatment processes (e.g., coagulation and membrane filtration).
In situ ultrathin silica layer formation on polyamide thin-film composite membrane surface for enhanced forward osmosis performances
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol coating on hydrophobic electrospun nanofiber membrane for high performance thin film composite forward osmosis membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Preparation and characterization of visible light responsive Fe 2O3-TiO2 composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
The performance of forward osmosis in treating high-salinity wastewater containing heavy metal Ni2+
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Effect of heat-press conditions on electrospun membranes for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Role of wetland organic matters as photosensitizer for degradation of micropollutants and metabolites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2014.05.001
Abstract: Overall photodegradation of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and pharmaceutical metabolites were investigated in order to evaluate their photochemical fate in aquatic environments in various natural organic matter (NOM) enriched solutions. Tested PPCPs exhibited different rates of loss during direct and indirect photolysis. Here, only ultraviolet (UV) light source was used for direct photolysis and UV together with (3)DOM(*)for indirect photolysis. Diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole were susceptible to photodegradation, whereas carbamazepine, caffeine, paraxanthine and tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) showed low levels of photodegradation rate, reflecting their conservative photoreactivity. During indirect photodegradation, in contrast to the hydrophilic autochthonous NOM, allochthonous NOM with relatively high molecular weight (MW), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) and hydrophobicity (e.g., Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA)) revealed to significantly inhibit the photolysis of target micropollutants. The presence of Typha wetland NOM enhanced the indirect photolysis of well-known conservative micopollutants (carbamazepine and paraxanthine). And atenolol, carbamazepine, glimepiride, and N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole were found to be sensitive to the triplet excited state of dissolved organic matter ((3)DOM(*)) with Typha wetland NOM under deoxygenated condition. This suggests that photolysis in constructed wetlands connected to the wastewater treatment plant can enhance the degradation of some anthropogenic micropollutants by the interaction with (3)DOM(*) in wetlands.
Comprehensive analysis of a hybrid FO-NF-RO process for seawater desalination: With an NF-like FO membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Photodesorption of organic matter from titanium dioxide particles in aqueous media
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Effect of high salinity on the performance of forward osmosis: Water flux, membrane scaling and removal efficiency
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Fatty acid fouling of forward osmosis membrane: Effects of pH, calcium, membrane orientation, initial permeate flux and foulant composition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2016.02.008
Abstract: Octanoic acid (OA) was selected to represent fatty acids in effluent organic matter (EOM). The effects of feed solution (FS) properties, membrane orientation and initial permeate flux on OA fouling in forward osmosis (FO) were investigated. The undissociated OA formed a cake layer quickly and caused the water flux to decline significantly in the initial 0.5hr at unadjusted pH3.56 while the fully dissociated OA behaved as an anionic surfactant and promoted the water permeation at an elevated pH of 9.00. Moreover, except at the initial stage, the sudden decline of water flux (meaning the occurrence of severe membrane fouling) occurred in two conditions: 1. 0.5mmol/L Ca(2+), active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) and 1.5mol/L NaCl (DS) 2. No Ca(2+), active layer-facing FS (AL-FS) and 4mol/L NaCl (DS). This demonstrated that cake layer compaction or pore blocking occurred only when enough foulants were absorbed into the membrane surface, and the water permeation was high enough to compact the deposit inside the porous substrate. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a co-foulant. The water flux of both co-foulants was between the fluxes obtained separately for the two foulants at pH3.56, and larger than the two values at pH9.00. This manifested that, at pH3.56, BSA alleviated the effect of the cake layer caused by OA, and OA enhanced BSA fouling simultaneously while at pH9.00, the mutual effects of OA and BSA eased the membrane fouling.
How to optimize hollow-fiber submerged membrane bioreactors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.2175/106143011X13206732881877
Abstract: Membrane fouling is linked to reversible or irreversible accumulation of macromolecules and solids on membrane surfaces and to the irreversible adsorption inside pores. If reversible accumulation can be controlled by filtering in subcritical conditions, then adsorption could also be minimized by reducing the soluble organic matter [extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products (SMP)]. This research shows how the choice of operating parameters related to biological reaction (solid retention time and the organic loading rate) can influence the process rate and the by-product (SMP) production. It also illustrates how suspension characteristics and membrane aeration can influence membrane fouling control according to the hollow fiber configuration and to the different scales of observation. The investigations were based on the definition of different fouling level and fine-tuning of a model to better understand the effects of operating parameters on membrane bioreactor filtration.
Understanding the organic micropollutants transport mechanisms in the fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.07.011
Abstract: We systematically investigated the transport mechanisms of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in a fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) membrane process. Four representative OMPs, i.e., atenolol, atrazine, primidone, and caffeine, were chosen for their different molecular weights and structural characteristics. All the FDFO experiments were conducted with the membrane active layer on the feed solution (FS) side using three different fertilizer draw solutions (DS): potassium chloride (KCl), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and diammonium phosphate (DAP) due to their different properties (i.e., osmotic pressure, diffusivity, viscosity and solution pH). Using KCl as the DS resulted in both the highest water flux and the highest reverse solute flux (RSF), while MAP and DAP resulted in similar water fluxes with varying RSF. The pH of the FS increased with DAP as the DS due to the reverse diffusion of NH
Evaluating the effect of different draw solutes in a baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration using optical coherence tomography with real wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.04.123
Abstract: This study investigated the performance of an integrated osmotic and microfiltration membrane bioreactor for real sewage employing baffles in the reactor. To study the biofouling development on forward osmosis membranes optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique was employed. On-line monitoring of biofilm growth on a flat sheet cellulose triacetate forward osmosis (CTA-FO) membrane was conducted for 21 days. Further, the process performance was evaluated in terms of water flux, organic and nutrient removal, microbial activity in terms of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and floc size. The measured biofouling layer thickness was in the order sodium chloride (NaCl) > ammonium sulfate (SOA) > potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
Modeling methane production in anaerobic forward osmosis bioreactor using a modified anaerobic digestion model No. 1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.04.125
Abstract: Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) using microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was introduced to enhance poor biomass retention of conventional anaerobic digestion (CAD). Recently, forward osmosis (FO) membrane have been applied to AnMBR, which is called AnFOMBR. FO membrane assures not only high biomass retention but also high removal efficiency for low molecular weight (LMW) matters. Methane production rates in CAD, AnMBR, and AnFOMBR were compared using a modified IWA anaerobic digestion model No. 1 (ADM1) in this work. Accumulation of biomass in AnMBR/AnFOMBR results in enhanced biochemical reaction and gains more methane production. AnFOMBR may experience a significant inhibition by accumulated free ammonia and cations, although concentrated soluble substrates rejected by FO membrane are favorable for more methane production. Rejection rate of inorganic nitrogen is a key parameter to determine the inhibition in methane production of AnFOMBR.
Characteristics of Bio-Foulants in the Membrane Bioreactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Energy efficient 3D printed column type feed spacer for membrane filtration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2019.114961
Abstract: Modification of the feed spacer design significantly influences the energy consumption of membrane filtration processes. This study developed a novel column type feed spacer with the aim to reduce the specific energy consumption (SEC) of the membrane based water filtration system. The proposed spacer increases the clearance between the filament and the membrane (reducing the spacer filament diameter) while keeping the same flow channel thickness as compared to a standard non-woven symmetric spacer. Since the higher clearance reduces the flow unsteadiness, column type nodes were added in the spacer structure as additional vortex shading bodies. Fluid flow behaviour in the channel for this spacer was numerically simulated by 3D CFD studies and then compared with the standard spacer. The numerical results showed that the proposed spacer substantially reduced the pressure drop, shear stress at the constriction region and shortened the dead zone. Finally, these findings were confirmed experimentally by investigating the filtration performances using the 3D printed prototypes of these spacers in a lab-scale filtration module. It is observed that the column spacer reduced the pressure drop by three times and doubled the specific water flux. 2D OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) scans of the membrane surface acquired after the filtration revealed much lower biomass accumulation using the proposed spacer. Consequently, the SEC for the column spacer was found about two folds lower than the standard spacer.
Special issue on the 9th International Conference on Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE-2016) 6–10 November 2016, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Publisher: Desalination Publications
Date: 2017
Hollow Porous Silica Nanosphere with Single Large Pore Opening for Pesticide Loading and Delivery
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-12-2019
3D printing for membrane separation, desalination and water treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Combined organic and colloidal fouling in forward osmosis: Fouling reversibility and the role of applied pressure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Energy recovery modeling of pressure-retarded osmosis systems with membrane modules compatible with high salinity draw streams
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Sulfur-containing air pollutants as draw solution for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis desalination process for irrigation use
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Challenges in environmental science and engineering 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
A study on the influence of ionic strength on the elution behaviour of membrane organic foulant using advanced separation tools
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.5004/DWT.2009.840
Draw Solutes in Forward Osmosis Processes
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 31-07-2015
Membrane autopsy of a 10year old hollow fibre membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Predicting the performance of spiral-wound membranes in pressure-retarded osmosis processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Introduction: Role of membrane science and technology and forward osmosis processes
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 31-07-2015
Photodesorption of specific organic compounds from titanium dioxide particles in aqueous media
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-08-2014
Characterisation of titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate flocculation in wastewater treatment
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2009.254
Abstract: Flocculation with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) was investigated in terms of different coagulant doses, pH, turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV-254, colour, zeta potential, particle size and molecular weight distribution. The two coagulants were compared with the commonly used coagulants such as ferric chloride (FeCl3) and aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3). Titanium tetrachloride showed the highest turbidity removal, while titanium sulfate showed the highest reduction of UV-254 and colour at all pH values. The four coagulants were found to have similar organic removal up to 60–67% and resulted in similar organic removal in terms of various MW ranges. The decantability of the settled flocs was very high for titanium tetrachloride, titanium sulfate and ferric chloride compared with aluminium sulfate. The dominating coagulation mechanisms for titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate are still to be studied, since different precipitation reactions might take place at different pH even without flocculant addition. Titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate were found as effective new coagulants in wastewater treatment not only in terms of organic matter removal, but also in sludge reduction through the production of titanium dioxide.
Fouling and its control in membrane distillation—A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Special Issue – Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate as an effective and regenerable thermo-responsive ionic liquid drawing agent in forward osmosis for seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Enhanced water permeability and osmotic power generation with sulfonate-functionalized porous polymer-incorporated thin film nanocomposite membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
CF4 plasma-modified omniphobic electrospun nanofiber membrane for produced water brine treatment by membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Inkjet printing of graphene oxide and dopamine on nanofiltration membranes for improved anti-fouling properties and chlorine resistance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants from Wastewater Using 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): An In Silico Engineering Study
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-06-2022
Effect of initial feed and draw flowrates on performance of an 8040 spiral-wound forward osmosis membrane element
Publisher: Desalination Publications
Date: 2017
The effects of naturally occurring operation factors on the removal mechanism of major algae metabolized materials in forward osmosis process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Performances of PA hollow fiber membrane with the CTA flat sheet membrane for forward osmosis process
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-11-2015
Simultaneous phosphorous and nitrogen recovery from source-separated urine: A novel application for fertiliser drawn forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.03.193
Abstract: Re-thinking our approach to dealing with waste is one of the major challenges in achieving a more sustainable society. However, it could also generate numerous opportunities. Specifically, in the context of wastewater, nutrients, energy and water could be mined from it. Because of its exceptionally high nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentration, human urine is particularly suitable to be processed for fertiliser production. In the present study, forward osmosis (FO) was employed to mine the P and N from human urine. Two Mg
Is semi-flocculation effective as pretreatment to ultrafiltration in wastewater treatment?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2004.09.003
Abstract: In this study, ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) flocculation was used as a pretreatment to ultrafiltration (UF) in treating synthetic wastewater containing synthetic organic matter (SOM). The effect of flocculant dose was studied in terms of organic removal and membrane flux decline. The UF with optimum dose of FeCl(3) (68 mg L(-1)) did not experience any flux decline during the whole operation of 6 h. The preflocculation with a smaller dose of 20 mg L(-1) of FeCl(3) led to a severe flux decline in the UF (more than 65% in 6 h). To understand the phenomenon of the flux decline of UF, the MW ranges of SOM removed by different doses of FeCl(3) and by the post treatment of UF were studied. Flocculation with at least 50 mg L(-1) of FeCl(3) dose was found to be necessary to avoid any significant flux decline and to obtain superior DOC removal.
Dewatering of activated sludge by forward osmosis (FO) with ultrasound for fouling control
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using potassium polytitanate and solar simulator
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 05-2016
Abstract: Solar photocatalytic degradation of organic water pollutants can be used to degrade toxic organic pollutants in water. In this study, potassium titanate nanofibres were synthesized by an aqueous peroxide route at high pH and examined as photocatalysts for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) using a solar simulator. Initially, MB was adsorbed on the surface of potassium polytitanates to achieve adsorption equilibrium before the photocatalysts were illuminated using solar simulator. The results showed that potassium polytitanate nanofibres were effective adsorbents of MB and also facilitated its photocatalytic degradation. Sulphate ion evolution during photocatalysis confirmed that some mineralisation occurred and hence photo-oxidative degradation of MB took place. The optimum operational conditions for the photocatalytic degradation of MB were found at 0.05 g/L of photocatalyst load, 10 mg/L MB and pH 7. The stability and regeneration of the photocatalyst specimen was also studied for 3 degradation cycles using adsorption hotocatalysis model. Morphological structure analysis of potassium titanate showed nanocrystallines structure of longitudinally-oriented isolated fibre with a length up to several micrometres with diameters ranging from 10 to 20 nanometres.
A review on lithium recovery using electrochemical capturing systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Synthesis and characterisation of porous titania-silica composite aerogel for NOx and acetaldehyde removal
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 05-2016
Abstract: In this study, the synthesis of porous titania-silica (TiO2-SiO2) composite aerogel at ambient pressure by using non-hazardous chemicals as a source of silica was investigated. TiO2-SiO2 composite aerogels were characterised and their photocatalytic performances were investigated for the removal efficiency of acetaldehyde and NO(x) under UV light. Results showed that porous composite aerogel with aggregated morphology, high surface area and an increased mesoporosity were formed. TiO2-SiO2(1.8) composite, with high Ti/Si ratio, showed the best results in terms of photocatalytic removal of acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxide.
Membrane-based processes for wastewater nutrient recovery: Technology, challenges, and future direction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2015.11.045
Abstract: Wastewater nutrient recovery holds promise for more sustainable water and agricultural industries. We critically review three emerging membrane processes - forward osmosis (FO), membrane distillation (MD) and electrodialysis (ED) - that can advance wastewater nutrient recovery. Challenges associated with wastewater nutrient recovery were identified. The advantages and challenges of applying FO, MD, and ED technologies to wastewater nutrient recovery are discussed, and directions for future research and development are identified. Emphasis is given to exploration of the unique mass transfer properties of these membrane processes in the context of wastewater nutrient recovery. We highlight that hybridising these membrane processes with existing nutrient precipitation process will lead to better management of and more erse pathways for near complete nutrient recovery in wastewater treatment facilities.
Recent Progress on Passive, Thermally Localized Solar-Driven Multistage Water Evaporation
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MEMBRANES13050460
Abstract: Thermally localized solar-driven water evaporation (SWE) in recent years has increasingly been developed due to the potential of cost-efficient freshwater production from small-scale portable devices. In particular, the multistage SWE has attracted much attention as the systems possess mostly a simple foundational structure and high solar-to-thermal conversion output rates, enough to produce freshwater from 1.5 L m−2h−1 (LMH) to 6 LMH. In this study, the currently designed multistage SWE devices were reviewed and examined based on their unique characteristics as well as their performances in freshwater production. The main distinguishing factors in these systems were the condenser staging design and the spectrally selective absorbers either in a form of high solar absorbing material, photovoltaic (PV) cells for water and electricity co-production, and coupling of absorber and solar concentrator. Other elements of the devices involved differences such as the direction of water flow, the number of layers constructed, and the materials used for each layer of the system. The key factors to consider for these systems include the heat and mass transport in the device, solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency, gain output ratio (representing how many times the latent heat has been reused), water production rate/number of stages, and kWh/number of stages. It was evident that most of the studied devices involved slightly different mechanisms and material compositions to draw out higher efficiency rates from the current limitations. The reviewed designs showed the ability to be adopted into small-scale solar desalination allowing for accessibility of sufficient freshwater in needing regions.
Supramolecular host-guest complex of methylated β-cyclodextrin with polymerized ionic liquid ([vbim]TFSI)n as highly effective and energy-efficient thermo-regenerable draw solutes in forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Influence of colloidal fouling on pressure retarded osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Effect of partial flocculation and adsorption as pretreatment to ultrafiltration
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-09-2005
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.10597
Forward osmosis system analysis for optimum design and operating conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2018.08.050
Abstract: Low energy consumption and less fouling propensity of forward osmosis (FO) processes have been attractive as a promising water filtration technology. The performance of this process is however significantly influenced by its operating conditions. Moreover, these operating parameters have both favourable and adverse effects on its performance. Therefore, it is very important to optimize its performance for efficient and economic operation. This study aims to develop a software to analyze a full-scale FO system for optimum performance. A comprehensive theoretical framework was developed to estimate the performance of FO system. Analysis results were compared with the experimental results to validate the models. About 5% deviation of simulation results and the experimental findings shows a very good agreement between them. A novel optimization algorithm was then developed to estimate the minimum required draw solution (DS) inlet flowrate and the number of elements in a pressure vessel to attain the design objectives (i.e. desired final DS concentration and recovery rate at a specific feed solution (FS) flowrate). A detailed parametric study was also conducted to determine the optimum operating conditions for different objectives. It showed that for a specific design objective, higher recovery rate can be achieved by increasing the DS flowrate and number of elements in a pressure vessel. In contrast, lower final concentration can be obtained by lowering the DS flowrate and increasing the number of elements. Finally, a MATLAB based software with graphical user interface was developed to make the analysis process easier and efficient.
Anionic polymer compound bioflocculant as a coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate and titanium tetrachloride
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2012.01.012
Abstract: The objectives of this study are to investigate the impacts of anionic polymer compound bioflocculant (CBF) as a coagulant aid on coagulation performance and floc characteristics with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) and aluminum sulfate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)). The effect of dosing sequence was also investigated. Floc size, breakage, regrowth and floc fractal dimension were examined using a laser diffraction instrument. The results showed that CBF with TiCl(4) or Al(2)(SO(4))(3) coagulants exhibited synergistic effects by promoting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. For both TiCl(4) and Al(2)(SO(4))(3), the floc recoverability was improved by CBF addition, and the flocs formed by TiCl(4) and the corresponding dual-coagulants showed weaker recovery ability than those by Al(2)(SO(4))(3) and the corresponding dual-coagulants. Fractal dimension analysis demonstrated that the floc fractal dimension values increased with the increasing coagulant dose. The effect of CBF on fractal dimension of the flocs generated by TiCl(4) was different from that of Al(2)(SO(4))(3).
Defect-free outer-selective hollow fiber thin-film composite membranes for forward osmosis applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Photocatalytic hybrid system in degradation of herbicide (metsulfuron–methyl)
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2006.057
Abstract: Photocatalytic oxidation is becoming an emerging technology in water and wastewater treatment. Photocatalysis often leads to complete degradation of organic pollutants without any need for chemicals. In this study, the removal of the herbicide metsulfuron–methyl (MM) by photocatalysis was studied. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as a catalyst in a UV reactor equipped with three l s each with 8 watts of power. The total surface of UV l s was 537 cm2. The capacity of the photocatalytic reactor was 1.5 L. The effects of parameters such as pH and TiO2 dose on the removal of MM were studied. The combined system of the photocatalytic reactor with powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption was also investigated. The results indicate that the use of PAC reduced the TiO2 dose and led to very high removal efficiency. A very small dose of 0.05 g/L PAC reduced TiO2 requirement from 2 g/L to less than 0.5 g/L. A detailed molecular size distribution measurement made using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) showed that TiO2 can degrade the MM to a small molecular weight compound of 50 daltons within a detention time of 40 minutes. This hybrid system was found to be technically and economically more efficient than the other processes used to remove herbicides and pesticides.
Determination of the apparent charge of natural organic matter
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-02-2010
TiO 2 nanoparticles and nanofibres from TiCl 4 flocculated sludge: Characterisation and photocatalytic activity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Controlling the inner surface pore and spherulite structures of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in thermally induced phase separation using triple-orifice spinneret for membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Membrane fouling propensity after adsorption as pretreatment in rainwater: A detailed organic characterisation
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2008.522
Abstract: Organic characterisation in rainwater was investigated in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) after powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. PAC adsorption was used as pretreatment to membrane filtration to reduce membrane fouling. The MW of organic matter in rainwater used in this study was in the range of 43,000 Da to 30 Da. Each peak of organic matter consisted of biopolymers (polysaccharides and proteins), humic and fulvic acids, building blocks, low MW acids (hydrolysates of humic substances), low MW neutrals and hiphilics. Rainwater contained the majority of hydrophilic compounds up to 72%. PAC adsorption removed 33% of total DOC. The removal efficiencies of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions after PAC adsorption were 50% and 27%, respectively. PAC adsorption was found to preferentially remove the hydrophobic fraction. The majority of the smaller MW of 1,100 Da, 820 Da, 550 Da, 90 Da and 30 Da was removed after PAC adsorption. The MFI values decreased from 1,436 s/L2 to 147 s/L2 after PAC adsorption. It was concluded that PAC adsorption can be used as a pretreatment to membrane filtration with rainwater.
Superhydrophobic nanofiber membrane containing carbon nanotubes for high-performance direct contact membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering CESE-2013 29 October-2 November 2013, EXCO, Daegu, Korea
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2015
Boron transport in forward osmosis: Measurements, mechanisms, and comparison with reverse osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-0011
Influence of Flocculation and Adsorption as Pretreatment on the Fouling of Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Membranes: Application with Biologically Treated Sewage Effluent
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-04-2005
DOI: 10.1021/ES040105S
Abstract: Membrane fouling is a critical limitation on the application of membranes to wastewater reuse. This work aims to understand the fouling phenomenon which occurs in ultrafiltration (UF 17500 molecular weight cutoff (MWCO)) and nanofiltration (NF 250 MWCO) membranes, with and without pretreatment. For this purpose, the molecular weight (MW) distribution of the organics has been used as a parameter to characterize the influent, the permeate, and the foulant on the membrane surface. The variation of foulant concentration on the membrane due to pretreatment of the influent by flocculation and/or adsorption was investigated in detail. With the UF membrane, the peak of the MW distribution of organics in the permeate depended on the pretreatment for ex le, the weight-averaged MW (Mw) of 675 without pretreatment shifted down to 314 with pretreatment. In the case of the NF membrane, the Mw of organics in the permeate was 478 (without pretreatment) and 310 (with flocculation followed by adsorption). The Mw of the organics in the foulant on the membrane surface was 513 (UF) and 192 (NF) without pretreatment and 351 (UF) and 183 (NF) after pretreatment with flocculation followed by adsorption, respectively. Without the pretreatment, the foulant concentration was higher on both membranes. The difference was more significant on the UF membrane than on the NF membrane. For both membranes, the flocculation-and-then-adsorption pretreatment proved very effective.
Assessing the removal of organic micropollutants by a novel baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration hybrid system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.04.044
Abstract: A novel approach was employed to study removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in a baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration (OMBR-MF) hybrid system under oxicanoxic conditions. The performance of OMBR-MF system was examined employing three different draw solutes (DS), and three model OMPs. The highest forward osmosis (FO) membrane rejection was attained with atenolol (100%) due to its higher molar mass and positive charge. With inorganic DS caffeine (94-100%) revealed highest removal followed by atenolol (89-96%) and atrazine (16-40%) respectively. All three OMPs exhibited higher removal with organic DS as compared to inorganic DS. Significant anoxic removal was observed for atrazine under very different redox conditions with extended anoxic cycle time. This can be linked with possible development of different microbial consortia responsible for erse enzymes secretion. Overall, the OMBR-MF process showed effective removal of total organic carbon (98%) and nutrients (phosphate 97% and total nitrogen 85%), respectively.
Hybrid membrane distillation: Resource, nutrient and energy recovery
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Energy recovery through reverse electrodialysis: Harnessing the salinity gradient from the flushing of human urine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Effect of Flocculation in Membrane‐Flocculation Hybrid System in Water Reuse
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2005
DOI: 10.1081/SS-120030773
Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and iron salts in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Concentrating underground brine by FO process: Influence of membrane types and spacer on membrane scaling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Fertiliser recovery from source-separated urine via membrane bioreactor and heat localized solar evaporation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2021.117810
Abstract: Urine with its abundant macronutrients (N-P-K) is an ideal resource for the production of fertiliser. However, the odor and pathogens in the raw urine must be removed to meet the public acceptance of urine collection systems and to enable its safe reuse as a fertiliser. In this work, real urine was collected and treated through a pilot-scale gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (GDMBR) to remove the malodorous organics and to nitrify almost 50% of the ammonia into nitrate. The stablised urine was subsequently distilled via low-cost heat localized solar evaporation (HLSE) to produce a non-odorous solid fertiliser. The developed HLSE with a small footprint can attract bulk solution into a vertical insulated space and quickly heat it up to 68 °C within 1 h. The HLSE process had vapour flux at 1.3 kg m
Effect of flocculation as a pretreatment to photocatalysis in the removal of organic matter from wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-09-2007
Critical flux on a submerged membrane bioreactor for nitrification of source separated urine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Productivity enhancement in a cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane system through automated de-clogging operations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
Facile development of comprehensively fouling-resistant reduced polyketone-based thin film composite forward osmosis membrane for treatment of oily wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Efficient recovery of nitrate from municipal wastewater via MCDI using anion-exchange polymer coated electrode embedded with nitrate selective resin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Measuring treatment effectiveness of urban wetland using hybrid water quality - Artificial neural network (ANN) model
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Continuous lithium mining from aqueous resources by an adsorbent filter with a 3D polymeric nanofiber network infused with ion sieves
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Analytical characterisation of nanoscale zero-valent iron: A methodological review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2015.10.040
Abstract: Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) have been widely tested as they are showing significant promise for environmental remediation. However, many recent studies have demonstrated that their mobility and reactivity in subsurface environments are significantly affected by their tendency to aggregate. Both the mobility and reactivity of nZVI mainly depends on properties such as particle size, surface chemistry and bulk composition. In order to ensure efficient remediation, it is crucial to accurately assess and understand the implications of these properties before deploying these materials into contaminated environments. Many analytical techniques are now available to determine these parameters and this paper provides a critical review of their usefulness and limitations for nZVI characterisation. These analytical techniques include microscopy and light scattering techniques for the determination of particle size, size distribution and aggregation state, and X-ray techniques for the characterisation of surface chemistry and bulk composition. Ex le characterisation data derived from commercial nZVI materials is used to further illustrate method strengths and limitations. Finally, some important challenges with respect to the characterisation of nZVI in groundwater s les are discussed.
Influence of graphene oxide lateral size on the properties and performances of forward osmosis membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
The performance of forward osmosis process in treating the surfactant wastewater: The rejection of surfactant, water flux and physical cleaning effectiveness
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Special issue on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2012: September 9–13, 2012, Melbourne, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Pilot-scale membrane capacitive deionisation for effective bromide removal and high water recovery in seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Forward osmosis system design and optimization using a commercial cellulose triacetate hollow fibre membrane module for energy efficient desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Understanding the possible underlying mechanisms for low fouling tendency of the forward osmosis and pressure assisted osmosis processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Dynamic feed spacer for fouling minimization in forward osmosis process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Adsorption Behavior of Pb(II) Onto Potassium Polytitanate Nanofibres.
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 02-2016
Abstract: Potassium polytitanate nanofibres prepared by a hydrothermal method were investigated for their possible application in removing toxic metals from aqueous solution. Particular attention was paid to employing the titanate as a novel effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II). Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption was influenced by various conditions such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage and initial Pb(II) concentration. The results showed that the adsorption rate was faster in the first 5 min and equilibrium was achieved after 180 min. The maximum amount of adsorption was detected at pH 5. Potassium titanate showed much higher adsorption capacity compared to P25. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto titanate best fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FTIR spectra revealed that the hydroxyl groups in titanate were responsible for Pb(II) adsorption. The principal mechanism of the adsorption of Pb(II) in the present study is attributed to both ion exchange and oxygen bonding. The adsorption-desorption results demonstrated that the titanate could be readily regenerated after adsorption. Therefore, the present titanate exhibits great potential for the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater.
Influence of silica nanoparticles on the desalination performance of forward osmosis polybenzimidazole membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Household rainwater harvesting system - Pilot scale gravity driven membrane-based filtration system
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2013.067
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a pilot scale study consisting of pre-treatment with a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter followed by membrane filtration. Detailed characterisation of rainwater tanks has highlighted that turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metals, in particular lead, were not compliant with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). Further, organic matter present in the water causes membrane fouling and leads to carcinogenic compounds upon chlorination. A GAC filter was used as a first step to remove dissolved organic matter (measured in terms of DOC) in particular and also to reduce the concentration, of turbidity and lead. Membrane filtration can remove any remaining solids reducing the concentrations of turbidity and microorganisms. In this study a pilot scale rainwater treatment system consisting of a gravity fed GAC filter and membrane filter (Ultra Flo) was operated for a period of 120 days. The performance of this system was assessed in terms of membrane flux and improvement in water quality measured against the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. Determination of the flux especially in the later stages of membrane operation was important to be able to size the filters in a manner that meets the expected demand. The treatment system of GAC filter and membrane filter was effective in reducing the turbidity, DOC and heavy metals. The system reduced the turbidity to levels of 0.3–0.4 NTU, below the ADWG limit of 1 NTU. The concentration of DOC was reduced to below the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limit of 0.2 mg/L. The concentration of lead was reduced to less than 0.005 mg/L, and below the ADWD limit of 0.01 mg/L. The concentrations of all other heavy metals were well within the ADWG limits. Further, the GAC filter removed a majority of the organic substances from raw rainwater collected from the roof. After the initial flux decline, the stable flux achieved was 0.47 L/m2/h consistently over the final 60 days of the experiment.
Polyaniline-based adsorbents for aqueous pollutants removal: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Biofouling characteristics using flow field-flow fractionation: Effect of bacteria and membrane properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2009.08.041
Abstract: In this study, membrane biofouling caused by bacteria that have different characteristics was evaluated using flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF). Three different bacteria which differed from size and shape (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Flavobacterium lutescens) were investigated with GM ultrafiltration (UF, rough with a low negative surface charge and relatively high hydrophobicity) and NE70 nanofiltration (NF, smooth with a high negative surface charge and relatively low hydrophobicity) membranes. The FlFFF retention time of S. epidermidis, E. coli and F. lutescens was highly influenced by the ionic strength of the solution and the surface polarity of the membranes and bacteria. The NF membrane was found to have a higher potential of biofouling than the UF membrane with the bacteria tested in this study. E. coli was the most significant biofoulant among the bacteria tested on both membrane surfaces based on FlFFF retention times compared to other bacteria.
Employing the synergistic effect between aquaporin nanostructures and graphene oxide for enhanced separation performance of thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
A review of membrane wettability for the treatment of saline water deploying membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Atmospheric-pressure plasma seawater desalination: Clean energy, agriculture, and resource recovery nexus for a blue planet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Effects of natural organic matter on separation of the hydroxylated fullerene nanoparticles by cross-flow ultrafiltration membranes from water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Water quality of membrane filtered rainwater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Inkjet printed single walled carbon nanotube as an interlayer for high performance thin film composite nanofiltration membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over hydrogen-titanate nanofibres produced by a peroxide method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2012.12.045
Abstract: In this study, Degussa P25 TiO2 was partially dissolved in a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide at high pH. The fabrication of nanofibres proceeded by the hydrothermal treatment of the solution at 80 °C. This was followed by acid wash in HCl at pH 2 for 60 min, which resulted in the formation of hydrogen-titanate nanofibres. The nanofibres were annealed at 550 °C for 6 h to produce crystalline anatase nanofibres. The nanofibres were characterised for physico-chemical modifications and tested for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as a model water pollutant. An average specific surface area of 31.54 m(2)/g, average pore volume of 0.10 cm(3)/g and average pore size of 50 Å were recorded. The nanofibres were effective adsorbents of the model pollutant and adsorbents and good photocatalysts under simulated solar light illumination. No reduction in photocatalytic activity was observed over three complete treatment cycles, and the effective separation of nanofibres was achieved by gravity settling resulting in low residual solution turbidity.
Chemical coupling of photocatalysis with flocculation and adsorption in the removal of organic matter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2005.04.066
Abstract: An experimental investigation was made to study the effects of chemical coupling of flocculation and adsorption with photocatalysis in treating persistent organic pollutants in wastewater. The photocatalysis alone showed initial reverse reaction when titanium oxide (TiO(2)) was used in catalysis. The effect of the pretreatment of adsorption with powdered activated carbon (PAC) on photocatalysis was studied. The results showed that PAC adsorption followed by photocatalysis was not effective in alleviating reverse reaction. On the other hand, when PAC and TiO(2) were added simultaneously, the reverse reaction was eliminated. Further, the organic removal was also improved by simultaneous PAC and TiO(2) additions. When flocculation with ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) was used as pretreatment, the organic removal efficiency was superior. The initial reverse reaction was also eliminated/minimized. However, inadequate doses of FeCl(3) (less than 30 mgl(-1)) resulted in initial reverse reaction and inferior DOC removal.
Biotoxicity of nanoparticles: effect of natural organic matter
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2011
The effect of pretreatment to ultrafiltration of biologically treated sewage effluent: a detailed effluent organic matter (EfOM) characterization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2004
Effects of volatile organic compounds on water recovery from produced water via vacuum membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Impact of source-separation of urine on treatment capacity, process design, and capital expenditure of a decentralised wastewater treatment plant
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.134489
Abstract: In this study, the impact of urine ersion on the treatment capacity, treatment process, and capital costs of a decentralised wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was simulated using BioWin. The data for simulation including for economic analysis were obtained from a real decentralised WWTP at Sydney. Simulation was conducted for two alternative process design scenarios of a WWTP: membrane bioreactor (MBR) without denitrification and anaerobic MBR in place of aerobic MBR and compared to existing process design. The simulation shows that with about 75% urine ersion (through source separation), the treatment capacity of the existing WWTP can be doubled although above 40% urine ersion, the impact appears less rapid. When the urine ersion exceeds 75%, it was found that the anoxic tank for biological denitrification becomes redundant and the current wastewater treatment process could be replaced with a simpler and much less aeration intensive membrane bioreactor (MBR) producing similar effluent quality with a 24% reduction in capital expenditure (footprint) cost. Anaerobic MBR can be a potential alternative to aerobic MBR although pre-treatment becomes essential before reverse osmosis treatment for water reuse applications. Sensitivity analysis has revealed that by operating the bioreactor at higher mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations (9 g/L instead of 5 g/L) could help increase the WWTP treatment capacity by about 3.5 times at 75% urine ersion. Hence, urine ersion (until nitrogen-limiting conditions occur above 75% urine ersion) can increase the treatment capacity of an existing WWTP and reduce the capital expenses due to reduced plant footprint.
Recent advances in osmotic energy generation via pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO): A review
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-10-2015
DOI: 10.3390/EN81011821
Visible light responsive titanium dioxide (TiO2)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
Engineering the Re-Entrant Hierarchy and Surface Energy of PDMS-PVDF Membrane for Membrane Distillation Using a Facile and Benign Microsphere Coating
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-08-2017
Abstract: To consolidate the position of membrane distillation (MD) as an emerging membrane technology that meets global water challenges, it is crucial to develop membranes with ideal material properties. This study reports a facile approach for a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane surface modification that is achieved through the coating of the surface with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymeric microspheres to lower the membrane surface energy. The hierarchical surface of the microspheres was built without any assistance of a nano/microcomposite by combining the rapid evaporation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the phase separation from condensed water vapor. The fabricated membrane exhibited superhydrophobicity-a high contact angle of 156.9° and a low contact-angle hysteresis of 11.3°-and a high wetting resistance to seawater containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Compared with the control PVDF-hexafluoropropylene (HFP) single-layer nanofiber membrane, the proposed fabricated membrane with the polymeric microsphere layer showed a smaller pore size and higher liquid entry pressure (LEP). When it was tested for the direct-contact MD (DCMD) in terms of the desalination of seawater (3.5% of NaCl) containing SDS of a progressively increased concentration, the fabricated membrane showed stable desalination and partial wetting for the 0.1 and 0.2 mM SDS, respectively.
Special issue on challenges in environmental science and engineering — CESE-2017 11 – 15 november 2017, Kunming, China
Publisher: Desalination Publications
Date: 2018
Preparation of titania-containing photocatalysts from metallurgical slag waste and photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Chemical-assisted physico-biological water mining system
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.1680/WAMA.900072
Abstract: Water mining is the process of extracting valuable water from a sewerage network by treating raw sewage to high standards. A range of commercially viable water mining treatment technologies are now available to treat sewage to specified water quality targets. Most of these technologies have minimal plant footprint requirements, making them suitable for decentralised operations. This paper discusses a hybrid water mining system that includes chemically assisted fine solids separation followed by a biological treatment process. Results from the first proof testing of this water mining system in Sydney, Australia are presented. The results confirm the suitability of the hybrid system for producing high-quality water for non-potable reuse.
Hybrid forward osmosis-reverse osmosis for wastewater reuse and seawater desalination: Understanding the optimal feed solution to minimise fouling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
NOx removal of mortar mixed with titania produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Characterization of coagulation behavior of titanium tetrachloride coagulant for high and low molecule weight natural organic matter removal: The effect of second dosing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Advanced characterization of organic foulants of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis from water reclamation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Improving Nanofiber Membrane Characteristics and Membrane Distillation Performance of Heat-Pressed Membranes via Annealing Post-Treatment
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-01-2017
DOI: 10.3390/APP7010078
Covalent organic framework incorporated outer-selective hollow fiber thin-film nanocomposite membranes for osmotically driven desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Gravity driven membrane filtration system to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2013.046
Abstract: The characterisation of rainwater in metropolitan Sydney and in rural New South Wales was undertaken. The results showed that factors such as the lack of vehicular traffic, air pollution and urban contamination meant that rural rainwater water quality was better. The rain water collected in both metropolitan and rural areas generally complied with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines except for parameters such as the pH in both the metropolitan and rural rainwater tanks and the turbidity, and lead levels from the metropolitan tanks. This paper also reports the results of a laboratory and a pilot scale study with a deep bed filter (granular activated carbon, GAC) and microfiltration (MF) hollow fibre membrane filter system used to treat raw rainwater collected from a metropolitan rainwater tank. The results of the laboratory experiment and pilot scale systems focus on the non-compliant parameters of the s ling program, i.e. turbidity, lead and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It was found that rainwater treated by the GAC filter removed the majority of the turbidity and organic substances. The treatment system reduced the concentration of turbidity, lead and DOC to below the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limits. The pilot plant experiment demonstrated that a GAC filter system and gravity driven membrane could result in low cost and low maintenance operation.
Hybrid desalination processes for beneficial use of reverse osmosis brine: Current status and future prospects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Enhancement of nanoscale zero-valent iron immobilization onto electrospun polymeric nanofiber mats for groundwater remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Dual-layered nanocomposite substrate membrane based on polysulfone/graphene oxide for mitigating internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Performance of a novel baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration hybrid system under continuous operation for simultaneous nutrient removal and mitigation of brine discharge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.03.069
Abstract: The present study investigated the performance of an integrated osmotic and microfiltration membrane bioreactor system for wastewater treatment employing baffles in the reactor. Thus, this reactor design enables both aerobic and anoxic processes in an attempt to reduce the process footprint and energy costs associated with continuous aeration. The process performance was evaluated in terms of water flux, salinity build up in the bioreactor, organic and nutrient removal and microbial activity using synthetic reverse osmosis (RO) brine as draw solution (DS). The incorporation of MF membrane was effective in maintaining a reasonable salinity level (612-1434mg/L) in the reactor which resulted in a much lower flux decline (i.e. 11.48-6.98LMH) as compared to previous studies. The stable operation of the osmotic membrane bioreactor-forward osmosis (OMBR-FO) process resulted in an effective removal of both organic matter (97.84%) and nutrient (phosphate 87.36% and total nitrogen 94.28%), respectively.
Modification of Nanofiber Support Layer for Thin Film Composite forward Osmosis Membranes via Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Deposition
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-08-2018
Abstract: Electrospun nanofiber-supported thin film composite membranes are among the most promising membranes for seawater desalination via forward osmosis. In this study, a high-performance electrospun polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) nanofiber-supported thin film composite (TFC) membrane was successfully fabricated after molecular layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition. Negatively-charged electrospun polyacrylic acid (PAA) nanofibers were deposited on electrospun PVDF nanofibers to form a support layer consisted of PVDF and PAA nanofibers. This resulted to a more hydrophilic support compared to the plain PVDF nanofiber support. The PVDF-PAA nanofiber support then underwent a layer-by-layer deposition of polyethylenimine (PEI) and PAA to form a polyelectrolyte layer on the nanofiber surface prior to interfacial polymerization, which forms the selective polyamide layer of TFC membranes. The resultant PVDF-LbL TFC membrane exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity and porosity, without sacrificing mechanical strength. As a result, it showed high pure water permeability and low structural parameter values of 4.12 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 221 µm, respectively, significantly better compared to commercial FO membrane. Layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte is therefore a useful and practical modification method for fabrication of high performance nanofiber-supported TFC membrane.
Forward osmosis membranes and processes: A comprehensive review of research trends and future outlook
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Assessing the aggregation behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles under relevant environmental conditions using a multi-method approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2013.04.029
Abstract: Iron nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater however, their mobility and reactivity in subsurface environments are significantly affected by their tendency to aggregate. Assessing their stability under environmental conditions is crucial for determining their environmental fate. A multi-method approach (including different size-measurement techniques and the DLVO theory) was used to thoroughly characterise the behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs) under environmentally relevant conditions. Although recent studies have demonstrated the importance of using a multi-method approach when characterising nanoparticles, the majority of current studies continue to use a single-method approach. Under some soil conditions (i.e. pH 7, 10 mM NaCl and 2 mM CaCl2) and increasing particle concentration, Fe2O3NPs underwent extensive aggregation to form large aggregates (>1 μm). Coating the nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM) was investigated as an alternative "green" solution to overcoming the aggregation issue instead of using the more commonly proposed polyelectrolytes. At high concentrations, DOM effectively covered the surface of the Fe2O3NPs, thereby conferring negative surface charge on the particles across a wide range of pH values. This provided electrostatic stabilisation and considerably reduced the particle aggregation effect. DOM-coated Fe2O3NPs also proved to be more stable under high ionic strength conditions. The presence of CaCl2, however, even at low concentrations, induced the aggregation of DOM-coated Fe2O3NPs, mainly via charge neutralisation and bridging. This has significant implications in regards to the reactivity and fate of these materials in the environment.
Preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from sludge produced by titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) flocculation of wastewater
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-01-2007
DOI: 10.1021/ES062062G
Abstract: Sludge disposal is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges of modern wastewater treatment worldwide. In this study, a new process was developed, which has a significant potential for lower cost of waste disposal, protection of the environment and public health, and yield of economically useful byproducts. Titanium oxide (TiO2), which is the most widely used metal oxide, was produced from the wastewater sludge generated by the flocculation of secondary wastewater with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Detailed analyses were conducted to compare TiCl4, ferric chloride (FeCl3), and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) flocculation. Removal of organic matter and different molecular sizes by Ti-salt flocculation was similar to that of the most widely used Fe- and Al-salt flocculation. The mean size of Ti-, Fe-, and Al-salt flocs was 47.5, 42.5, and 16.9 microm, respectively. The decantability of the settled flocs by TiCl4 coagulant was similar to that by FeC13 coagulant and much higher than that of Al2(SO4)3. The photocatalyst from wastewater (PFW) produced by TiCl4 flocculation was characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, photocatalytic activity, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting PFW was found to be superior to commercial TiO2 (P-25) in terms photocatalytic activity and surface area. The PFW as also found to be mainly doped with C and P atoms. The atomic percentage of the PFW was TiO(1.42)C(0.44)P(0.14).
Effect of pre-treatment on fouling propensity of feed as depicted by the modified fouling index (MFI) and cross-flow sampler-modified fouling index (CFS-MFI)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Pyrite (FeS2)-supported ultrafiltration system for removal of mercury (II) from water
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-08-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S42247-021-00282-7
Abstract: This study investigated the Hg(II) removal efficiencies of the reactive adsorbent membrane (RAM) hybrid filtration process, a removal process that produces stable final residuals. The reaction mechanism between Hg(II) and pyrite and the rejection of the solids over time were characterized with respect to flux decline, pH change, and Hg and Fe concentration in permeate water. Effects of the presence of anions (Cl − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − ) or humic acid (HA) on the rejection of the Hg(II)-contacted pyrite were studied. The presence of both HA and Hg(II) increased the rate of flux decline due to the formation of irreversible gel-like compact cake layers as shown in the experimental data and modeling related to the flux decline and the SEM images. Stability experiments of the final residuals retained on the membrane using a thiosulfate solution (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) show that the Hg(II)-laden solids were very stable due to little or no detection of Hg(II) in the permeate water. Experiment on the possibility of continuously removing Hg(II) by reusing the Hg yrite-laden membrane shows that almost all Hg(II) was adsorbed onto the pyrite surface regardless of the presence of salts or HA, and the Hg(II)-contacted pyrite residuals were completely rejected by the DE/UF system. Therefore, a membrane filter containing pyrite-Hg(II) could provide another reactive cake layer capable of further removal of Hg(II) without post-chemical treatment for reuse.
Methane production in an anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor using forward osmosis: Effect of reverse salt flux
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.05.044
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of reverse salt flux (RSF) on microbe community and bio-methane production in a simulated fertilizer driven FO-AnMBR system using KCl, KNO
Comparison of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to seawater reverse osmosis: Detailed analyses of molecular weight distribution of organic matter in initial stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
GreenPRO: A novel fertiliser-driven osmotic power generation process for fertigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Graphene oxide incorporated polysulfone substrate for the fabrication of flat-sheet thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Solar-powered electrocoagulation system for water and wastewater treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
The interaction mechanisms of co-existing polybrominated diphenyl ethers and engineered nanoparticles in environmental waters: A critical review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2021.10.018
Abstract: This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water systems and the generation of highly complex compounds in the environment. The release of ENPs and BFRs (e.g. PBDEs) to aquatic environments during their usage and disposal are summarised together with their key interaction mechanisms. The major interaction mechanisms including electrostatic, van der Waals, hydrophobic, molecular bridging and steric, hydrogen and π-bonding, cation bridging and ligand exchange were identified. The presence of ENPs could influence the fate and behaviour of PBDEs through the interactions as well as induced reactions under certain conditions which increases the formation of complex compounds. The interaction leads to alteration of behaviour for PBDEs and their toxic effects to ecological receptors. The intermingled compound (ENPs-BFRs) would show different behaviour from the parental ENPs or BFRs, which are currently lack of investigation. This review provided insights on the interactions of ENPs and BFRs in artificial, environmental water systems and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are important for a comprehensive risk assessment.
Computing the effective diffusion coefficient of solutes in a multi-salts solutions during forward osmosis (FO) membrane filtration: Experiments and mathematical modelling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.03.002
Abstract: Diffusion coefficient of solutes through a porous membrane media is different from diffusion coefficient through a free homogenous media. Porosity, tortuosity and the thickness of the membrane significantly affect the diffusion through a specific thickness of a membrane and therefore it is termed as effective diffusion coefficient (D
Adsorption and photocatalysis kinetics of herbicide onto titanium oxide and powdered activated carbon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Removal of organic micro-pollutants by conventional membrane bioreactors and high-retention membrane bioreactors
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-04-2020
DOI: 10.3390/APP10082969
Abstract: The ubiquitous presence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the environment as a result of continuous discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into water matrices—even at trace concentrations (ng/L)—is of great concern, both in the public and environmental health domains. This fact essentially warrants developing and implementing energy-efficient, economical, sustainable and easy to handle technologies to meet stringent legislative requirements. Membrane-based processes—both stand-alone or integration of membrane processes—are an attractive option for the removal of OMPs because of their high reliability compared with conventional process, least chemical consumption and smaller footprint. This review summarizes recent research (mainly 2015–present) on the application of conventional aerobic and anaerobic membrane bioreactors used for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMP) from wastewater. Integration and hybridization of membrane processes with other physicochemical processes are becoming promising options for OMP removal. Recent studies on high retention membrane bioreactors (HRMBRs) such as osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBRs) and membrane distillation bioreactors (MDBRs) are discussed. Future prospects of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and HRMBRs for improving OMP removal from wastewater are also proposed.
Serially connected forward osmosis membrane elements of pressure-assisted forward osmosis-reverse osmosis hybrid system: Process performance and economic analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Bromide and iodide selectivity in membrane capacitive deionisation, and its potential application to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products in water treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.05.266
Abstract: The formation of toxic disinfection by-products during water disinfection due to the presence of bromide and iodide is a major concern. Current treatment technologies such as membrane, adsorption and electrochemical processes have been known to have limitations such as high energy demand and excessive chemical use. In this study, the selectivity between bromide and iodide, and their removal in membrane capacitive deionisation (MCDI) was evaluated. The results showed that iodide was more selectively removed over bromide from several binary feed waters containing bromide and iodide under various initial concentrations and applied voltages. Even in the presence of significant background concentration of sodium chloride, definite selectivity of iodide over bromide was observed. The high partial-charge transfer coefficient of iodide compared to bromide could be a feasible explanation for high iodide selectivity since both bromide and iodide have similar ionic charge and hydrated radius. The result also shows that MCDI can be a potential alternative for the removal of bromide and iodide during water treatment.
Utilization of plasma in water desalination and purification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Facile synthesis and characterization of anatase TiO2/g-CN composites for enhanced photoactivity under UV–visible spectrum
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Volatile fatty acids and biogas recovery using thermophilic anaerobic membrane distillation bioreactor for wastewater reclamation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.11.009
Abstract: The effects of bioreactor temperatures and salinities of an anaerobic membrane distillation bioreactor (anMDBR) on the permeation performance and their potential recovery of bioresources were fully examined in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a lab-scale anMDBR process utilizing sub-merged hollow fiber membranes. The hybrid system utilizing both membrane distillation (MD) and anaerobic bioreactors achieved 99.99% inorganic salt rejection regardless the operation temperatures and high initial flux from (2-4 L m
Potential and performance of a polydopamine-coated multiwalled carbon nanotube/polysulfone nanocomposite membrane for ultrafiltration application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Highly stable gold nanolayer membrane for efficient solar water evaporation under a harsh environment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.134394
Abstract: Interfacial solar water evaporation has attracted tremendous attention for sunlight harvesting for water purification. However, salt formation and stability of the photothermal materials (PTMs) remain a challenge that need addressing before bringing this technology to real-world applications. In this work, a nanoscale thin film of gold (Au) on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane has been prepared using a magnetic sputtering technique. The fabricated membrane displays a robust mechanical strength and chemical stability arising from the adhesiveness of the thin film Au nanolayer on the PTFE membrane as well as the chemical inertness of the noble metal PTM. The Au nanolayer/PTFE membrane with cellulose sponge substrate resulted in an evaporation rate of 0.88 kg m
Investigating the relationship between model organic compounds and ultrafiltration membrane fouling
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.5004/DWT.2009.682
Thin-film composite hollow fiber membranes incorporated with graphene oxide in polyethersulfone support layers for enhanced osmotic power density
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Anti-fouling graphene-based membranes for effective water desalination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-02871-3
Abstract: The inability of membranes to handle a wide spectrum of pollutants is an important unsolved problem for water treatment. Here we demonstrate water desalination via a membrane distillation process using a graphene membrane where water permeation is enabled by nanochannels of multilayer, mismatched, partially overlapping graphene grains. Graphene films derived from renewable oil exhibit significantly superior retention of water vapour flux and salt rejection rates, and a superior antifouling capability under a mixture of saline water containing contaminants such as oils and surfactants, compared to commercial distillation membranes. Moreover, real-world applicability of our membrane is demonstrated by processing sea water from Sydney Harbour over 72 h with macroscale membrane size of 4 cm 2 , processing ~0.5 L per day. Numerical simulations show that the channels between the mismatched grains serve as an effective water permeation route. Our research will pave the way for large-scale graphene-based antifouling membranes for erse water treatment applications.
Assessing the major factors affecting the performances of forward osmosis and its implications on the desalination process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Characteristics of membrane fouling by consecutive chemical cleaning in pressurized ultrafiltration as pre-treatment of seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Impact of source-separation of urine on effluent quality, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Forward osmosis desalination of brackish groundwater: Meeting water quality requirements for fertigation by integrating nanofiltration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Performance of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) adsorption and biofiltration in the treatment of biologically treated sewage effluent
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2007
Electrospun nanofiber membranes incorporating fluorosilane-coated TiO2 nanocomposite for direct contact membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Organic fouling mechanisms in forward osmosis membrane process under elevated feed and draw solution temperatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
The effect of second coagulant dose on the regrowth of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2011.10.015
Abstract: Characteristics of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) were investigated with humic acid-kaolin suspension by continuous optical monitoring. This paper focused on the regrowth ability of broken flocs after addition of second TiCl(4) dose. Variation of floc size and the fractal dimension of flocs versus second TiCl(4) dose after regrowth were investigated. Second TiCl(4) dose was added during the floc breakage period, and addition time of second TiCl(4) dose was also investigated. The results showed that, when coagulated by charge neutralization at pH 6, an appropriate second TiCl(4) dose improved regrowth ability of broken flocs at low initial TiCl(4) doses. While for high initial TiCl(4) doses, second TiCl(4) dose lowered floc re-growth ability. When coagulated by sweep coagulation at pH 10, second TiCl(4) dose made regrown flocs larger than those without second TiCl(4) dose. Floc structure analysis showed that it was determined by not only the fractal dimension of flocs, but also the chemical characteristics of floc surface. Addition time of second TiCl(4) dose had a great effect on floc regrowth ability, suggesting that the broken flocs had better regrowth when second TiCl(4) dose was added at the end of the breakage period.
Green ammonia synthesis using CeO2/RuO2 nanolayers on vertical graphene catalyst via electrochemical route in alkaline electrolyte
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1NR06411H
Abstract: The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia using nanolayered catalyst of RuO 2 and CeO 2 on a 3D-Graphene support at an ambient condition, demonstrates excellent NRR activity with long-term stability.
On-site domestic wastewater treatment system using shredded waste plastic bottles as biofilter media: Pilot-scale study on effluent standards in Bhutan.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Effect of a hydrodynamic cleaning of a cross-flow membrane system with a novel automated approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO2 produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride
Publisher: Desalination Publications
Date: 2010
Effect of Phosphorous on the Properties of Titania Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 08-2011
Abstract: In this study, the removal of phosphorous (P) using Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was investigated for a year. The pH, alkalinity and concentration of P, before and after Ti-salt flocculation, were measured and compared. The sludge of Ti-salt flocculation was incinerated at 600 degrees C to produce titania nanoparticles which found to be doped with P Titania nanoparticles were characterised and their photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation were also tested. Results indicated that the removal of P, which exceeded 97% in average, was not affected by the pH and the alkalinity of BTSE. The concentration of P in titania had no effect on the characteristics of titania nanoparticles in different seasons. Titania nanoparticles exhibited superior properties in terms of BET surface area and photocatalytic activity.
Fouling of ultrafiltration membrane by effluent organic matter: A detailed characterization using different organic fractions in wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO2 produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2010
The application of forward osmosis for simulated surface water treatment by using trisodium citrate as draw solute
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-019-04366-0
Abstract: In this study, trisodium citrate was used as draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) due to its biodegradability and easy reuse after FO dilution. The effect of operating conditions on FO performance was investigated. The study focused on the long-term flux performance and membrane fouling when surface water was used as feed solution. A water flux of 9.8 LMH was observed using 0.5 M trisodium citrate as draw solution in PRO mode. In the long-term FO process, trisodium citrate showed a slight decrease in total flux loss (13.06%) after 20 h of operation. The membrane fouling was significantly reduced after a two-step physical cleaning. A considerable flux recovery (> 95%) of the fouled membrane was finally obtained. Therefore, this study proves the superiority of trisodium citrate as draw solution and paves a new way in applying FO directly for surface water reclamation.
Fouling and Inactivation of Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalytic Systems
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-01-2015
Performance comparison of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2013
Dehydration of forward osmosis membranes in treating high salinity wastewaters: Performance and implications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Pilot-scale nanofiltration system as post-treatment for fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2013
Physicochemical pretreatment of seawater: fouling reduction and membrane characterization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-03-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-86459-W
Abstract: Feed spacers are the critical components of any spiral-wound filtration module, dictating the filtration performance. Three spacer designs, namely a non-woven commercial spacer (varying filament cross-section), a symmetric pillar spacer, and a novel hole-pillar spacer (constant filament diameter) were studied using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), 3-D printed and subsequently experimentally tested in a lab-scale ultrafiltration set-up with high biofouling potential feed water at various feed pressures. Independent of the applied pressure, the novel hole-pillar spacer showed initially the lowest feed channel pressure drop, the lowest shear stress, and the highest permeate flux compared to the commercial and pillar spacers. Furthermore, less biofilm thickness development on membrane surface was visualized by Optical Coherent Tomography (OCT) imaging for the proposed hole-pillar spacer. At higher feed pressure, a thicker biofilm developed on membrane surface for all spacer designs explaining the stronger decrease in permeate flux at high pressure. The findings systematically demonstrated the role of various spacer designs and applied pressure on the performance of pre-treatment process, while identifying specific shear stress distribution guidelines for engineering a new spacer design in different filtration techniques.
Hybrid polymer/ionic liquid electrospun membranes with tunable surface charge for virus capture in aqueous environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Water reclamation by heterogeneous photocatalysis over titanium dioxide
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 27-06-2016
Membrane Bioreactor And Nanofiltration Hybrid System For Reclamation Of Municipal Wastewater: Removal Of Nutrients, Organic Matter And Micropollutants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2012.04.048
Abstract: A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) hybrid system was investigated to demonstrate the performance of treating nitrogen, phosphorus and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal wastewater. With the MBR and NF (molecular weight cut off (MWCO): 210 Da), the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was effectively reduced by nitrification by MBR and negatively charged surface of NF (TN: 8.67 mgN/L and TP: 0.46 mgP/L). Biosorption and microbial decomposition in MBR seem to be major removal mechanisms for the removal of PPCPs. Among various parameters affecting the removal of PPCPs by NF, namely, physicochemical properties of the PPCPs (charge characteristics, hydrophobicity and M(W)) and membranes (MWCO and surface charge), the MWCO effect was found to be the most critical aspect.
Removal of pharmaceuticals from nitrified urine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Sources, distribution, environmental fate, and ecological effects of nanomaterials in wastewater streams
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-11-2015
Comparison of granular activated carbon bio-sorption and advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of leachate effluent
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2009
Performance evaluation of microfiltration with electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation pretreatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2011
Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2016: 6–10 Nov. 2016, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.10.084
Abstract: In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl(3)), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties. TiCl(4) flocculation achieved higher removal of UV(254) (98%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (84%) and turbidity (93%) than other conventional coagulants. Charge neutralization and physical entrapment of colloids within coagulant precipitates and adsorption, seemed to play a significant role during TiCl(4) flocculation, while the main mechanism for conventional coagulants was bridge-aggregation and adsorption. The aggregated flocs after TiCl(4) flocculation showed the fastest growth rate compared to the other coagulants, with the largest floc size (801 μm) occurring within 8 min. The floc strength factor of PACl, Al(2)(SO(4))(3), PFS, FeCl(3) and TiCl(4) was 34, 30, 29, 26 and 29, respectively, while the floc recovery factor of the TiCl(4) coagulant was the lowest. Based on the results of the above study, it is concluded that the TiCl(4) flocculation can reduce the hydraulic retention time of slow and rapid mixing, however, careful handling of sludge is required due to the low recoverability of the aggregated floc.
Electrocoagulation and cross flow microfiltration hybrid system: Fouling investigation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
Preparation and Characterization of Photoactive Anatase TiO2 from Algae Bloomed Surface Water
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-04-2020
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to effectively treat algae bloomed water while using a Ti-based coagulant (TiCl4) and recover photoactive novel anatase TiO2 from the flocculated sludge. Conventional jar tests were conducted in order to evaluate the coagulation efficiency, and TiCl4 was found superior compared to commercially available poly aluminum chloride (PAC). At a dose of 0.3 g Ti/L, the removal rate of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP) were measured as 99.8%, 66.7%, and 96.9%, respectively. Besides, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were recovered from the flocculated sludge and scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of only anatase phase. The recovered TiO2 was found to be effective in removing gaseous CH3CHO and NOx under UV-A l at a light intensity of 10 W/m2. Additionally, the TiO2 mixed mortar blocks that were prepared in this study successfully removed atmospheric nitrogen oxide (NOx) under UV irradiance. This study is one of the first to prepare anatase TiO2 from flocculated algal sludge and it showed promising results. Further research on this novel TiO2 concerning internal chemical bonds and shift in the absorbance spectrum could explore several practical implications.
Rectification methods for the fouling of ultrafiltration hollow-fibre membranes as a result of excessive soluble iron
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Optimisation of a forward osmosis and membrane distillation hybrid system for the treatment of source-separated urine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
A review of draw solutes in forward osmosis process and their use in modern applications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2011: 25-30 September, Ever Green Plaza Hotel, Tainan City, Taiwan
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2012
Special issue on Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE-2014) 12–16 October 2014, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-02-2016
Thin-film composite membrane on a compacted woven backing fabric for pressure assisted osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis process for sustainable water reuse to grow hydroponic lettuce using commercial nutrient solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Analytical methods of size distribution for organic matter in water and wastewater
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1007/BF02706798
Cell Immobilized FOG-Trap System for Fat, Oil, and Grease Removal from Restaurant Wastewater
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-2009
Novel LiAlO2 Material for Scalable and Facile Lithium Recovery Using Electrochemical Ion Pumping
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NANO13050895
Abstract: In this study, α-LiAlO2 was investigated for the first time as a Li-capturing positive electrode material to recover Li from aqueous Li resources. The material was synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis and air annealing, which is a low-cost and low-energy fabrication process. The physical characterization showed that the material formed an α-LiAlO2 phase, and electrochemical activation revealed the presence of AlO2* as a Li deficient form that can intercalate Li+. The AlO2*/activated carbon electrode pair showed selective capture of Li+ ions when the concentrations were between 100 mM and 25 mM. In mono salt solution comprising 25 mM LiCl, the adsorption capacity was 8.25 mg g−1, and the energy consumption was 27.98 Wh mol Li−1. The system can also handle complex solutions such as first-pass seawater reverse osmosis brine, which has a slightly higher concentration of Li than seawater at 0.34 ppm.
Effect of sulphonated polyethersulfone substrate for thin film composite forward osmosis membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering CESE-2010 26 September-1 October 2010, The Sebel, Cairns, Queensland, Australia Total Water Management for the Sustainability of Freshwater in the Future
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Hydrogen production from water industries for a circular economy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Submerged module of outer selective hollow fiber membrane for effective fouling mitigation in osmotic membrane bioreactor for desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Influence of the process parameters on hollow fiber-forward osmosis membrane performances
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-05-2014
Effect of powdered activated carbon on integrated submerged membrane bioreactor–nanofiltration process for wastewater reclamation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.02.023
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the overall performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) system integrated with nanofiltration (NF) for wastewater reclamation. It was found that the trans-membrane pressure of SMBR increased continuously while that of the SMBR with PAC was more stable, mainly because water could still pass through the PACs and membrane even though foulants adhered on the PAC surface. The presence of PAC was able to mitigate fouling in SMBR as well as in NF. SMBR-NF with PAC obtained a higher flux of 8.1 LMH compared to that without PAC (6.6 LMH). In addition, better permeate quality was obtained with SMBR-NF integrated process added with PAC. The present results suggest that the addition of PAC in integrated SMBR-NF process could possibly lead to satisfying water quality and can be operated for a long-term duration.
The performance of contact flocculation–filtration as pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
Control of the antagonistic effects of heat-assisted chlorine oxidative degradation on pressure retarded osmosis thin film composite membrane surface
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Performance analysis of reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, and pressure-retarded osmosis hybrid processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
In Situ-Generated Reactive Oxygen Species in Precharged Titania and Tungsten Trioxide Composite Catalyst Membrane Filters: Application to As(III) Oxidation in the Absence of Irradiation
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-06-2020
Modeling full-scale osmotic membrane bioreactor systems with high sludge retention and low salt concentration factor for wastewater reclamation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2015.03.094
Abstract: A full-scale model was developed to find optimal design parameters for osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid system for wastewater reclamation. The model simulates salt accumulation, draw solution dilution and water flux in OMBR with sludge concentrator for high retention and low salt concentration factor. The full-scale OMBR simulation results reveal that flat-sheet module with spacers exhibits slightly higher flux than hollow-fiber forward osmosis (FO) membrane with high water permeability, low salt permeability, and low resistance to salt diffusion shows high water flux an optimal water recovery around 50% ensures high flux and no adverse effect on microbial activity and FO membrane cost decreases and RO energy consumption and product water concentration increases at higher DS flow rates and concentrations. The simulated FO water flux and RO energy consumption ranges from 3.03 to 13.76LMH and 0.35 to 1.39kWh/m(3), respectively.
Influence of different ion types and membrane orientations on the forward osmosis performance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Conceptual design of a dynamic turbospacer for efficient low pressure membrane filtration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
3D microflowers CuS/Sn2 S3 heterostructure for highly efficient solar steam generation and water purification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Fouling of forward osmosis membrane by protein (BSA): effects of pH, calcium, ionic strength, initial permeate flux, membrane orientation and foulant composition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-06-2015
Ti-salt flocculation for dissolved organic matter removal in seawater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2013
Charge effect of natural organic matter for ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Modified Hydrothermal Route for Synthesis of Photoactive Anatase TiO2/g-CN Nanotubes from Sludge Generated TiO2
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-11-2020
Abstract: Titania nanotube was prepared from sludge generated TiO2 (S-TNT) through a modified hydrothermal route and successfully composited with graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) through a simple calcination step. Advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence analysis were utilized to characterize the prepared s les. A significant improvement in morphological and optical bandgap was observed. The effective surface area of the prepared composite increased threefold compared with sludge generated TiO2. The optical bandgap was narrowed to 3.00 eV from 3.18 in the pristine sludge generated TiO2 nanotubes. The extent of photoactivity of the prepared composites was investigated through photooxidation of NOx in a continuous flow reactor. Because of extended light absorption of the as-prepared composite, under visible light, 19.62% of NO removal was observed. On the other hand, under UV irradiation, owing to bandgap narrowing, although the light absorption was compromised, the impact on photoactivity was compensated by the increased effective surface area of 153.61 m2/g. Hence, under UV irradiance, the maximum NO removal was attained as 32.44% after 1 h of light irradiation. The proposed facile method in this study for the heterojunction of S-TNT and g-CN could significantly contribute to resource recovery from water treatment plants and photocatalytic atmospheric pollutant removal.
Wastewater management in urban Bhutan: Assessing the current practices and challenges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Fabrication of porous polyketone forward osmosis membranes modified with aromatic compounds: Improved pressure resistance and low structural parameter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Membrane capacitive deionisation as an alternative to the 2nd pass for seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant for bromide removal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Preparation and characterization of novel polytitanium tetrachloride coagulant for water purification
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-11-2013
DOI: 10.1021/ES402708V
Abstract: Polymeric metal coagulants are increasingly being used to improve coagulation efficiency, yet the research on the development of titanium and particularly polytitanium salts remains limited. This study is the first attempt in the synthesis, characterization, and application of polytitanium salts as coagulants. Polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) solutions with different basicity values B (OH/Ti molar ratio) were prepared using a slow alkaline titration method. Jar tests were conducted to assess coagulation performance using both synthetic and real raw water s les, and the floc characteristics were monitored online using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) was utilized to identify various Ti species, with the results providing strong evidence of the presence of various hydrolyzed Ti species in the titanium aqueous phase. Compared to titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), higher or comparable turbidity and organic matter removal efficiency could be achieved by PTC with improved floc characteristics in terms of size, growth rate, and structure. Besides, the water pH after PTC coagulation was significantly improved toward neutral pH. This study indicates that PTC is an effective and promising coagulant for water purification. Besides, the PTC flocculated sludge was able to recycle and produce functional TiO2 photocatalyst.
Fertiliser-Drawn Forward Osmosis Desalination for Fertigation
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 31-07-2015
Thermo-osmosis-Coupled Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle for Efficient Lithium Extraction
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-01-2021
Treatment of high salinity waste water from shale gas exploitation by forward osmosis processes
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 31-07-2015
Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE-2019)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Membrane fouling in forward osmosis processes
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 31-07-2015
Water desalination using graphene-enhanced electrospun nanofiber membrane via air gap membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Selection of suitable fertilizer draw solute for a novel fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis-anaerobic membrane bioreactor hybrid system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.02.019
Abstract: In this study, a protocol for selecting suitable fertilizer draw solute for anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (AnFDFOMBR) was proposed. Among eleven commercial fertilizer candidates, six fertilizers were screened further for their FO performance tests and evaluated in terms of water flux and reverse salt flux. Using selected fertilizers, bio-methane potential experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fertilizers on anaerobic activity due to reverse diffusion. Mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) showed the highest biogas production while other fertilizers exhibited an inhibition effect on anaerobic activity with solute accumulation. Salt accumulation in the bioreactor was also simulated using mass balance simulation models. Results showed that ammonium sulfate and MAP were the most appropriate for AnFDFOMBR since they demonstrated less salt accumulation, relatively higher water flux, and higher dilution capacity of draw solution. Given toxicity of sulfate to anaerobic microorganisms, MAP appears to be the most suitable draw solution for AnFDFOMBR.
Melamine-based covalent organic framework-incorporated thin film nanocomposite membrane for enhanced osmotic power generation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Chemically Cross-Linked Graphene Oxide as a Selective Layer on Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Membrane for Nanofiltration Application
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NANO11112867
Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were utilized as a selective layer on a highly porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber support via a pressure-assisted self-assembly technique to synthesize composite nanofiltration membranes. The GO layer was rendered stable by cross-linking the nanosheets (GO-to-GO) and by linking them onto the support surface (GO-to-PVA) using glutaraldehyde (GA). The amounts of GO and GA deposited on the PVA substrate were varied to determine the optimum nanofiltration membrane both in terms of water flux and salt rejection performances. The successful GA cross-linking of GO interlayers and GO-PVA via acetalization was confirmed by FTIR and XPS analyses, which corroborated with other characterization results from contact angle and zeta potential measurements. Morphologies of the most effective membrane (CGOPVA-50) featured a defect-free GA cross-linked GO layer with a thickness of ~67 nm. The best solute rejections of the CGOPVA-50 membrane were 91.01% for Na2SO4 (20 mM), 98.12% for Eosin Y (10 mg/L), 76.92% for Methylene blue (10 mg/L), and 49.62% for NaCl (20 mM). These findings may provide one of the promising approaches in synthesizing mechanically stable GO-based thin-film composite membranes that are effective for solute separation via nanofiltration.
Boron transport through polyamide-based thin film composite forward osmosis membranes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Forward osmosis with direct contact membrane distillation using tetrabutylphosphonium p-toluenesulfonate as an effective and safe thermo-recyclable osmotic agent for seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Salinity gradient energy generation by pressure retarded osmosis: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Corrigendum to Effect of high salinity on the performance of forward osmosis: Water flux, membrane scaling and removal efficiency [Desalination 378 (2016) 67-73]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Improving membrane distillation performance: Morphology optimization of hollow fiber membranes with selected non-solvent in dope solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.05.049
Abstract: This study aimed at improving membrane distillation (MD) performance by mixing various non-solvents (NSs) in polymer dope solutions. The effect of each NS on the inner structure and surface morphology of hollow fiber (HF) membrane was investigated. Membrane morphology is manipulated by controlling liquid-liquid (L-L) and solid-liquid (S-L) demixing time, which is a function of the viscosity and water affinity of dope solutions. Consequently, the addition of NSs altered membrane morphology by affecting the diffusion rate during NS induced phase separation (NIPS) process. The performance results showed that the dope solution composed of 11/71.2/17.8 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/triethyl phosphate (TEP)/toluene produced the most promising HF membrane for MD. The optimal membrane demonstrated a unique bicontinuous structure with increased porosity and mean pore size. The addition of toluene as NS in dope solutions enhanced crystallization process, which increased the Young's modulus of membrane but slightly decreased its maximum tensile strength at break. The optimal PVDF HF membrane demonstrated a steady flux of 18.9 LMH at 60 °C/20 °C of feed ermeate temperatures and a salt rejection of 99.99% when tested for 72 h. The results suggest that incorporation of toluene as a NS into PVDF dope solutions can increase permeation performance in MD by enhancing the morphology of HF membranes.
Preparation and characterization of TiO2 generated from synthetic wastewater using TiCl4 based coagulation/flocculation aided with Ca(OH)2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.109521
Abstract: This study focused on the preparation of undoped and Ca-doped titania from flocculation generated sludge. Initially, TiCl
Effect of Brine Water on Discharge of Cations in Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Its Implications on Nitrogen Recovery from Wastewater
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-06-2019
Removal of fluoride in membrane-based water and wastewater treatment technologies: Performance review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.109524
Abstract: The presence of excess fluoride in aqueous media above local environmental standards (e.g., the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard of 4 mg/L) affects the health of aquatic life. Excess fluoride in drinking water above the maximum contaminant level (e.g., the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 1.5 mg/L) also affects the skeletal and nervous systems of humans. Fluoride removal from aqueous solutions is difficult using conventional electrochemical, precipitation, and adsorption methods owing to its ionic size and reactivity. Thus, new technologies have been introduced to reduce the fluoride concentration in industrial wastewater effluents and various drinking water sources. Membrane technology is one of the newer technologies found to be very effective in significantly reducing fluoride to desired standards levels however, it has received less attention than other technologies because it is perceived as a costly process. This study critically reviewed the performance of various membrane process and compared it with effluent and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) standards. The performance review has been conducted with the consideration of the theoretical background, rejection mechanisms, technical viability, and parameters affecting flux and rejection performance. This review includes membrane systems investigated for the defluoridation process but operated under pressure (i.e., reverse osmosis [RO] and nanofiltration [NF]), temperature gradients (i.e., membrane distillation [MD]), electrical potential gradients (i.e., electrodialysis [ED] and Donnan dialysis [DD]), and concentration differences (i.e., forward osmosis [FO]). Moreover, the study also addressed the advantages, limitations, & applicable conditions of each membrane based defluoridation process.
Removal of oil from water using magnetic bicomponent composite nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Recent advances in nanomaterial-modified polyamide thin-film composite membranes for forward osmosis processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Mitigation of fouling and wetting in membrane distillation by electrical repulsion using a multi-layered single-wall carbon nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Influence of hydrodynamic operating conditions on organic fouling of spiral-wound forward osmosis membranes: Fouling-induced performance deterioration in FO-RO hybrid system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Open porous hydrophilic supported thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane via co-casting for treatment of high-salinity wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Techno-economic feasibility of recovering phosphorus, nitrogen and water from dilute human urine via forward osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2018.11.056
Abstract: Due to high phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) content, human urine has often proven to suitable raw material for fertiliser production. However, most of the urine erting toilets or male urinals dilute the urine 2 to 10 times. This decreases the efficiency in the precipitation of P and stripping of N. In this work, a commercial fertiliser blend was used as forward osmosis (FO) draw solution (DS) to concentrate real diluted urine. During the concentration, the urea in the urine is recovered as it diffuses to the fertiliser. Additionally, the combination of concentrate PO
Aquatic toxicity evaluation of TiO2 nanoparticle produced from sludge of TiCl4 flocculation of wastewater and seawater
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-12-2009
Engineering Heterostructured Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membrane with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots (GOQD) for Highly Efficient Reverse Osmosis
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-07-2020
Special issue on Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2011: 25-30, September, Ever Green Plaza Hotel, Tainan City, Taiwan.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Explore the forward osmosis performance using hydrolyzed polyacrylamide as draw solute for dye wastewater reclamation in the long-term process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Semiconductor photothermal materials enabling efficient solar steam generation toward desalination and wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Removal of pharmaceutical compounds from synthetic hydrolysed urine using granular activated carbon: Column study and predictive modelling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
A closed-loop forward osmosis-nanofiltration hybrid system: Understanding process implications through full-scale simulation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
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