ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8117-4322
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Water And Sanitary Engineering | Chemical Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Civil Engineering | Chemical Engineering | Environmental Technologies | Environmental Engineering | Environmental Technologies | Simulation And Modelling | Soil Sciences | Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry | Microbiology | Membrane and Separation Technologies | Characterisation Of Macromolecules | Other Instrumental Methods | Biological Oceanography | Environmental Management And Rehabilitation | Microbial Ecology | Building Science And Techniques | Building | Membrane And Separation Technologies | Fertilisers and Agrochemicals (Application etc.) | Soil And Water Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Prevention and treatment of pollution | Waste management and recycling | Land and water management | Water services and utilities | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Residential and commercial | Energy systems analysis | Organic Fertilisers | Land and water management | Other | Processed food products and beverages not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Land and Water Management of environments not elsewhere classified | Urban and Industrial Water Management | Environmental health | Marine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Marine Environments | Electricity, gas and water services and utilities
Related Links
Publications
How to optimize hollow-fiber submerged membrane bioreactors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.2175/106143011X13206732881877
Abstract: Membrane fouling is linked to reversible or irreversible accumulation of macromolecules and solids on membrane surfaces and to the irreversible adsorption inside pores. If reversible accumulation can be controlled by filtering in subcritical conditions, then adsorption could also be minimized by reducing the soluble organic matter [extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products (SMP)]. This research shows how the choice of operating parameters related to biological reaction (solid retention time and the organic loading rate) can influence the process rate and the by-product (SMP) production. It also illustrates how suspension characteristics and membrane aeration can influence membrane fouling control according to the hollow fiber configuration and to the different scales of observation. The investigations were based on the definition of different fouling level and fine-tuning of a model to better understand the effects of operating parameters on membrane bioreactor filtration.
Characteristics of Bio-Foulants in the Membrane Bioreactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Removal of metsulfuron methyl by granular activated carbon adsorption
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2010
Performance of submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with and without the addition of the different particle sizes of GAC as suspended medium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2013.03.032
Abstract: In this study the effect of different particle sizes of granular activated carbon (GAC) on the performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was investigated. The sizes of GAC used were 150-300, 300-600 and 600-1200 μm. The SMBR was operated at a filtration flux of 20 L/m(2)h. The removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with the addition of GAC was 95%. The concentration of biopolymers, humic, building block and low molecular weight neutral and acids in the SMBR effluent was reduced by 20%, 66-76%, 20-50%, 30-56%, respectively. It helped to reduce the sludge volume index (SVI) and transmembrane pressure (TMP) development by 30-40% and 58%, respectively. However, the removal of NH₄(+) and PO₄(3-) was relatively low of 35-45% and 34-43%, respectively. The SMBR effluent was rich in PO₄(3-) and was removed/recovered using hydrated ferric oxide (HFO). The removal of PO₄(3-) was almost 90%.
Effect of Pore Size and Particle Size Distribution on Granular Bed Filtration and Microfiltration
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2008
Experiments and modeling of a vacuum membrane distillation for high saline water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Concepts towards a novel integrated assessment methodology of urban water reuse
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.5004/DWT.2009.846
Modelling of particle deposition in a submerged membrane microfiltration system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Analysis of first flush to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.823
Abstract: Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals have recently become a concern as their concentration in rain water tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. Rainwater storage tanks also accumulate contaminants and sediments that settle to the bottom. Although not widely acknowledged, small amounts of contaminants such as lead found in rain water (used as drinking water) may have a cumulative and poisonous effect on human health over a life time. This is true for certain factors that underlie many of the chronic illnesses that are becoming increasingly common in contemporary society. The paper reports on a study which is part of a project that aims to develop a cost effective in-line filtration system to improve water quality in rainwater tanks. To enable this, the characteristics of rainwater need to be known. One component of this characterization is to observe the effects of the first flush on a rainwater tank. S les of the roof runoff collected from an urban residential roof located in the Sydney Metropolitan Area in the initial first few millimetres of rain were analysed. The results show that bypassing the first 2 mm of rainfall gives water with most water quality parameters compliant with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) standards. The parameters that did not comply were lead and turbidity, which required bypassing approximately the first 5 mm of rainfall to meet ADWG standards. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) analysis showed that the concentration of rainwater organic matter (RWOM) decreased with increasing amount of roof runoff.
A study on the influence of ionic strength on the elution behaviour of membrane organic foulant using advanced separation tools
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.5004/DWT.2009.840
Membrane autopsy of a 10year old hollow fibre membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Water quality characterisation of rainwater in tanks at different times and locations
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.824
Abstract: Rainwater collected from ten domestic roofs in Sydney and from one in Wollongong, a town south of Sydney, Australia was analysed to determine the water quality and to compare against the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) to determine its suitability as a potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were 13 heavy metals, 8 salts & minerals, pH, ammonia, orthophosphate, conductivity, water hardness, turbidity, total suspended solids, Total dissolved salts & Bicarbonate. The results indicate that the rainwater tested complied to most of the parameters specified in the ADWG. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter from one of the domestic rainwater tanks was analysed in terms of the effects of aging and roof contact. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter in rainwater showed prominent peaks at 37,500 daltons may be due to biopolymers, 850 Da to humic substances, 500 Da to building blocks, 220 Da to low MW acids, and less than 220 Da to hiphilics. The findings also indicate that the first flush volumes that by-passed the tank can have a significant influence on the water quality in the rainwater tank.
Performance evaluation and mathematical modelling of granular activated carbon biofiltration in wastewater treatment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2008
Deep bed filter as pre-treatment to stormwater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.5004/DWT.2009.963
Submerged microfiltration coupled with physcio-chemical processes as pretreatment to sea water desalination
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.5004/DWT.2009.842
Removal of dissolved organic matter fractions from reverse osmosis concentrate: Comparing granular activated carbon and ion exchange resin adsorbents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Beverley Park water reuse plant: getting the salt just right
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-06-2013
Effluent organic matter removal by Purolite®A500PS: Experimental performance and mathematical model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Influence of aeration and permeate flux on deposition of particulates on membrane surface
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2010.515
Abstract: In microfiltration, a deposit of foulant tends to form on the membrane surface and this usually controls the performance of the filtration process. This paper discusses the influence of physical parameters such as aeration and permeates flux on migration and deposition of above micron particles on the membrane surface. Kaolin clay suspension of particle 3.7–8 μm with mean particle diameter 4.1 μm was used in this study. Equal amount of mass of deposited particles on the membrane surface created different transmembrane pressure (TMP) when operated at different aeration rates and permeate flux showing that there is a composite effect. The particle deposition rate at the beginning at lower flux was almost linear which changed to a sharp logarithamic rise at higher flux. The difference in TMP rise for the same amount of deposit demonstrated the selective nature of particle deposition. The mass of the particle deposition on the membrane surface could be described by two parameters: maximum deposition and time using a simple empirical logarithamic equation y=k/[1+exp(b−at)], where k, a, and b are constant y is the particulate mass deposit (g/m2) and t is the time. The maximum particle mass deposition growth could be described by the equation dy/dt=1/4ka.
Seasonal influence on urban dust PAH profile and toxicity in Sydney, Australia
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2011.504
Abstract: Road dust is one of the major threats to the urban environment due to wash-off of dust to the surrounding catchments during wet weather period. The dust contains wide range of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Among the toxic contaminants, PAHs are of environmental concern due to their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effect besides endocrine disruptive behaviour. Eighteen road dust s les from Sydney were collected in different time periods for a year and analysed for 16 US EPA PAHs. Total PAHs content range in the dust was 9–105 μg/g. Total and in idual PAH contents were highest in the finest size fraction (& μm) and in winter compared to the other seasons. The PAH profiles in the different particle sizes were similar but different between the four seasons. The concentrations of higher molecular weight PAHs (4- and 5-rings) were much greater than the concentrations of lower molecular weight PAHs (2- and 3-rings). Toxicity equivalency factor application showed that the longer the dry weather period the higher the total PAHs content and toxicity in the dust.
The Degradtion of Humic Substance using Continuous Photocatalysis Systems
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
Forward osmosis for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from water reclamation: process performance and fouling control.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 28-03-2014
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2014.138
Abstract: While high quality water reuse based on dual membrane filtration (membrane filtration or ultrafiltration, followed by reverse osmosis) is expected to be progressively applied, treatment and sustainable management of the produced reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) are still important issues. Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for maximising water recovery and further dewatering ROC so that zero liquid discharge is produced. Elevated concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds may act as potential foulants of the concentrate desalting system, in that they consist of, for ex le, FO and a subsequent crystallizer. The present study investigated conditions under which the FO system can serve as concentration phase with the focus on its fouling propensity using model foulants and real ROC. Bulk organics from ROC consisted mainly of humic acids (HA) and building blocks since wastewater-derived biopolymers were retained by membrane filtration or ultrafiltration. Organic fouling of the FO system by ROC-derived bulk organics was low. HA was only adsorbed moderately at about 7% of the initial concentration, causing a minor flux decline of about 2–4%. However, scaling was a major impediment to this process if not properly controlled, for instance by pH adjustment or softening.
Identification and characterisation of biofilm formed on membrane bio-reactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Arsenic removal by a membrane hybrid filtration system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
A comprehensive model for cross-flow filtration incorporating polydispersity of the influent
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Is semi-flocculation effective as pretreatment to ultrafiltration in wastewater treatment?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2004.09.003
Abstract: In this study, ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) flocculation was used as a pretreatment to ultrafiltration (UF) in treating synthetic wastewater containing synthetic organic matter (SOM). The effect of flocculant dose was studied in terms of organic removal and membrane flux decline. The UF with optimum dose of FeCl(3) (68 mg L(-1)) did not experience any flux decline during the whole operation of 6 h. The preflocculation with a smaller dose of 20 mg L(-1) of FeCl(3) led to a severe flux decline in the UF (more than 65% in 6 h). To understand the phenomenon of the flux decline of UF, the MW ranges of SOM removed by different doses of FeCl(3) and by the post treatment of UF were studied. Flocculation with at least 50 mg L(-1) of FeCl(3) dose was found to be necessary to avoid any significant flux decline and to obtain superior DOC removal.
Biofouling potential reductions using a membrane hybrid system as a pre-treatment to seawater reverse osmosis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S12010-011-9514-6
Abstract: Biofouling on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is the most serious problem which affects desalination process efficiency and increases operation cost. The biofouling cannot be effectively removed by the conventional pre-treatment traditionally used in desalination plants. Hybrid membrane systems coupling the adsorption and/or coagulation with low-pressure membranes can be a sustainable pre-treatment in reducing membrane fouling and at the same time improving the feed water quality to the seawater reverse osmosis. The addition of powder activated carbon (PAC) of 1.5 g/L into submerged membrane system could help to remove significant amount of both hydrophobic compounds (81.4%) and hydrophilic compounds (73.3%). When this submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) was combined with FeCl(3) coagulation of 0.5 mg of Fe(3+)/L, dissolved organic carbon removal efficiency was excellent even with lower dose of PAC (0.5 g/L). Detailed microbial studies conducted with the SMAHS and the submerged membrane coagulation-adsorption hybrid system (SMCAHS) showed that these hybrid systems can significantly remove the total bacteria which contain also live cells. As a result, microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as well as total ATP concentrations in treated seawater and foulants was considerably decreased. The bacteria number in feed water prior to RO reduced from 5.10E(+06) cells/mL to 3.10E(+03) cells/mL and 9.30E(+03) cells/mL after SMAHS and SMCAHS were applied as pre-treatment, respectively. These led to a significant reduction of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) by 10.1 μg/L acetate-C when SMCAHS was used as a pre-treatment after 45-h RO operation. In this study, AOC method was modified to measure the growth of bacteria in seawater by using the Pseudomonas P.60 strain.
Use of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis in reclaiming micro-filtered biologically treated sewage effluent for irrigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Biofilter in leachate treatment processes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Two stage filtration for stormwater treatment: A pilot scale study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2012
Basic cost equations to estimate unit production costs for RO desalination and long-distance piping to supply water to tourism-dominated arid coastal regions of Egypt
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Effect of partial flocculation and adsorption as pretreatment to ultrafiltration
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-09-2005
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.10597
Removal and recovery of nutrients by ion exchange from high rate membrane bio-reactor (MBR) effluent
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Photocatalytic hybrid system in degradation of herbicide (metsulfuron–methyl)
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2006.057
Abstract: Photocatalytic oxidation is becoming an emerging technology in water and wastewater treatment. Photocatalysis often leads to complete degradation of organic pollutants without any need for chemicals. In this study, the removal of the herbicide metsulfuron–methyl (MM) by photocatalysis was studied. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as a catalyst in a UV reactor equipped with three l s each with 8 watts of power. The total surface of UV l s was 537 cm2. The capacity of the photocatalytic reactor was 1.5 L. The effects of parameters such as pH and TiO2 dose on the removal of MM were studied. The combined system of the photocatalytic reactor with powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption was also investigated. The results indicate that the use of PAC reduced the TiO2 dose and led to very high removal efficiency. A very small dose of 0.05 g/L PAC reduced TiO2 requirement from 2 g/L to less than 0.5 g/L. A detailed molecular size distribution measurement made using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) showed that TiO2 can degrade the MM to a small molecular weight compound of 50 daltons within a detention time of 40 minutes. This hybrid system was found to be technically and economically more efficient than the other processes used to remove herbicides and pesticides.
Modelling of submerged membrane flocculation hybrid systems using statistical and artificial neural networks methods
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 03-2010
Performance of a stainless steel membrane in membrane bioreactor process
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
A comparative study on in-line flocculation and spiral flocculation followed by media filtration as a pre-treatment of seawater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-05-2014
Optimization of granular bed filtration treating polydispersed suspension
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1992
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1996
Influence of Flocculation and Adsorption as Pretreatment on the Fouling of Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Membranes: Application with Biologically Treated Sewage Effluent
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-04-2005
DOI: 10.1021/ES040105S
Abstract: Membrane fouling is a critical limitation on the application of membranes to wastewater reuse. This work aims to understand the fouling phenomenon which occurs in ultrafiltration (UF 17500 molecular weight cutoff (MWCO)) and nanofiltration (NF 250 MWCO) membranes, with and without pretreatment. For this purpose, the molecular weight (MW) distribution of the organics has been used as a parameter to characterize the influent, the permeate, and the foulant on the membrane surface. The variation of foulant concentration on the membrane due to pretreatment of the influent by flocculation and/or adsorption was investigated in detail. With the UF membrane, the peak of the MW distribution of organics in the permeate depended on the pretreatment for ex le, the weight-averaged MW (Mw) of 675 without pretreatment shifted down to 314 with pretreatment. In the case of the NF membrane, the Mw of organics in the permeate was 478 (without pretreatment) and 310 (with flocculation followed by adsorption). The Mw of the organics in the foulant on the membrane surface was 513 (UF) and 192 (NF) without pretreatment and 351 (UF) and 183 (NF) after pretreatment with flocculation followed by adsorption, respectively. Without the pretreatment, the foulant concentration was higher on both membranes. The difference was more significant on the UF membrane than on the NF membrane. For both membranes, the flocculation-and-then-adsorption pretreatment proved very effective.
Effect of Flocculation in Membrane‐Flocculation Hybrid System in Water Reuse
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2005
DOI: 10.1081/SS-120030773
A new approach to backwash initiation in membrane systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Effect of flocculation as a pretreatment to photocatalysis in the removal of organic matter from wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-09-2007
Identification and quantification of foulant in submerged membrane reactor
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2010
Productivity enhancement in a cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane system through automated de-clogging operations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
Performance of submerged membrane – Ion exchange hybrid system with Purolite A502PS in treating reverse osmosis feed
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Defluoridation of drinking water using adsorption processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2012.12.043
Abstract: Excessive intake of fluoride (F), mainly through drinking water, is a serious health hazard affecting humans worldwide. There are several methods used for the defluoridation of drinking water, of which adsorption processes are generally considered attractive because of their effectiveness, convenience, ease of operation, simplicity of design, and for economic and environmental reasons. In this paper, we present a comprehensive and a critical literature review on various adsorbents used for defluoridation, their relative effectiveness, mechanisms and thermodynamics of adsorption, and suggestions are made on choice of adsorbents for various circumstances. Effects of pH, temperature, kinetics and co-existing anions on F adsorption are also reviewed. Because the adsorption is very weak in extremely low or high pHs, depending on the adsorbent, acids or alkalis are used to desorb F and regenerate the adsorbents. However, adsorption capacity generally decreases with repeated use of the regenerated adsorbent. Future research needs to explore highly efficient, low cost adsorbents that can be easily regenerated for reuse over several cycles of operations without significant loss of adsorptive capacity and which have good hydraulic conductivity to prevent filter clogging during the fixed-bed treatment process.
Application of Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry in the assessment of membrane bioreactor performance for monitoring water and wastewater treatment
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1366/10-05848
Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy has been widely used in monitoring water and wastewater treatment. In this study UV spectroscopy was used to investigate fouling development on the membrane surface of membrane bioreactors. The chemistry of mixed liquor present in the membrane bioreactor and the foulant deposited on the membrane surface was compared by analyzing the UV spectra. The mixed liquor showed different spectra than did the foulant. The foulant spectra showed a shift in absorbance peaks with operation time. The particle size distribution ( nm) was also examined to explain the UV fingerprints.
Effluent organic matter removal from reverse osmosis feed by granular activated carbon and purolite A502PS fluidized beds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Forward osmosis treatment for volume minimisation of reverse osmosis concentrate from a water reclamation plant and removal of organic micropollutants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Submerged membrane - (GAC) adsorption hybrid system in reverse osmosis concentrate treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Household rainwater harvesting system - Pilot scale gravity driven membrane-based filtration system
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2013.067
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a pilot scale study consisting of pre-treatment with a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter followed by membrane filtration. Detailed characterisation of rainwater tanks has highlighted that turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metals, in particular lead, were not compliant with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). Further, organic matter present in the water causes membrane fouling and leads to carcinogenic compounds upon chlorination. A GAC filter was used as a first step to remove dissolved organic matter (measured in terms of DOC) in particular and also to reduce the concentration, of turbidity and lead. Membrane filtration can remove any remaining solids reducing the concentrations of turbidity and microorganisms. In this study a pilot scale rainwater treatment system consisting of a gravity fed GAC filter and membrane filter (Ultra Flo) was operated for a period of 120 days. The performance of this system was assessed in terms of membrane flux and improvement in water quality measured against the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. Determination of the flux especially in the later stages of membrane operation was important to be able to size the filters in a manner that meets the expected demand. The treatment system of GAC filter and membrane filter was effective in reducing the turbidity, DOC and heavy metals. The system reduced the turbidity to levels of 0.3–0.4 NTU, below the ADWG limit of 1 NTU. The concentration of DOC was reduced to below the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limit of 0.2 mg/L. The concentration of lead was reduced to less than 0.005 mg/L, and below the ADWD limit of 0.01 mg/L. The concentrations of all other heavy metals were well within the ADWG limits. Further, the GAC filter removed a majority of the organic substances from raw rainwater collected from the roof. After the initial flux decline, the stable flux achieved was 0.47 L/m2/h consistently over the final 60 days of the experiment.
A submerged membrane hybrid system coupled with magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) and flocculation in wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Organic fouling behavior in direct contact membrane distillation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from water using sodium titanate nanofibres loaded onto GAC in fixed-bed columns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.01.067
Abstract: Heavy metals are serious pollutants in aquatic environments. A study was undertaken to remove Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn in idually (single metal system) and together (mixed metals system) from water by adsorption onto a sodium titanate nanofibrous material. Langmuir adsorption capacities (mg/g) at 10(-3)M NaNO3 ionic strength in the single metal system were 60, 83, 115 and 149 for Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cd, respectively, at pH 6.5 and 250 for Pb at pH 4.0. In the mixed metals system they decreased at high metals concentrations. In column experiments with 4% titanate material and 96% granular activated carbon (w/w) mixture at pH 5.0, the metals breakthrough times and adsorption capacities (for both single and mixed metals systems) decreased in the order Pb>Cd, Cu>Zn>Ni within 266 bed volumes. The amounts adsorbed were up to 82 times higher depending on the metal in the granular activated carbon+titanate column than in the granular activated carbon column. The study showed that the titanate material has high potential for removing heavy metals from polluted water when used with granular activated carbon at a very low proportion in fixed-bed columns.
Influence of buoyant media on particle layer dynamics in microfiltration membranes
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.112
Abstract: This study forms a part of the physical study of the membrane bioreactor in presence of buoyancy media. Kaolin clay suspension with buoyancy media (anthracite) was used as a suspension and the particle layer development on membrane surface with evolution of time was studied. Presence of buoyancy media reduced the pressure development by almost two folds compared to in absence of the media. The particles deposition on membrane surface was size selective. The mean particle diameter (0.45 μm) deposited on the membrane surface remained almost similar in presence of the media after 7 hrs run where as in its absence the mean diameter finer particles deposition occurred at the beginning followed by coarser particles.
Water quality of membrane filtered rainwater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium onto layered double hydroxides-based adsorbents: A systematic in-depth review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.03.018
Abstract: An attempt has been made in this review to provide some insights into the possible adsorption mechanisms of hexavalent chromium onto layered double hydroxides-based adsorbents by critically examining the past and present literature. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanomaterials are typical dual-electronic adsorbents because they exhibit positively charged external surfaces and abundant interlayer anions. A high positive zeta potential value indicates that LDH has a high affinity to Cr(VI) anions in solution through electrostatic attraction. The host interlayer anions (i.e., Cl
Enrichment, inter-relationship, and fractionation of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments of Sydney, Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/SR12010
Abstract: Urban road-deposited sediments (RDS) are potential sources of heavy metal pollution of both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We determined the heavy metals enrichments, their possible sources, and potential bioavailability and mobility in RDS from nine sites along major motorways of Sydney, the largest city with highest road traffic density in Australia. Mean total concentrations of metals in the RDS decreased in the order: Fe Mn Zn Cu Cr Pb Ni Cd. The corresponding order in the background soils (minimally contaminated from roads) was: Fe Mn Zn ~ Ni Cu ~ Pb Cr Cd. Both the pollution index (PI) and metal enrichment factor (EF), which are comparative measures between contaminated and uncontaminated sites, were highest for Cu and Zn. Inputs of Cu and Zn to RDS were likely to be mainly the result of brake and tyre wear, respectively. Cluster and correlation analyses showed that while the concentrations of these two metals were related in the soil, they were not correlated in RDS. Low PI and EF values as well as the close inter-relationships of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni in both RDS and soils suggest that these metals were derived mainly from natural sources. Metal fractionation data showed 50–95% of Cr and Fe in RDS to be present in the immobile and bio-unavailable residual fraction, whereas 15–65% of Zn was contained in the exchangeable fraction, which is considered to be mobile and bioavailable.
Assessment of fouling behaviour in submerged microfiltration system coupled with flocculation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Fertiliser drawn forward osmosis desalination: The concept, performance and limitations for fertigation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-12-2012
Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption-photocatalysis hybrid system in the removal of herbicide from water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-06-2007
Chemical coupling of photocatalysis with flocculation and adsorption in the removal of organic matter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2005.04.066
Abstract: An experimental investigation was made to study the effects of chemical coupling of flocculation and adsorption with photocatalysis in treating persistent organic pollutants in wastewater. The photocatalysis alone showed initial reverse reaction when titanium oxide (TiO(2)) was used in catalysis. The effect of the pretreatment of adsorption with powdered activated carbon (PAC) on photocatalysis was studied. The results showed that PAC adsorption followed by photocatalysis was not effective in alleviating reverse reaction. On the other hand, when PAC and TiO(2) were added simultaneously, the reverse reaction was eliminated. Further, the organic removal was also improved by simultaneous PAC and TiO(2) additions. When flocculation with ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) was used as pretreatment, the organic removal efficiency was superior. The initial reverse reaction was also eliminated/minimized. However, inadequate doses of FeCl(3) (less than 30 mgl(-1)) resulted in initial reverse reaction and inferior DOC removal.
The effect of pretreatment to ultrafiltration of biologically treated sewage effluent: a detailed effluent organic matter (EfOM) characterization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2004
Comparison of fouling indices in assessing pre-treatment for seawater reverse osmosis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
Effect of particle concentration on the entire cycle of filtration
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 1997
Long-term effect on membrane fouling in a new membrane bioreactor as a pretreatment to seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2014.03.098
Abstract: Submerged membrane adsorption bio-reactors (SMABR) were investigated as a new pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination. They were tested with different doses of powder activated carbon (PAC) on-site for a long-term. The biofouling on the membrane was assessed in terms of DNA (cells) and polysaccharide distribution. MBR without PAC addition resulted in severe fouling on membrane. When PAC is added in the MBR, PAC could reduce the organic fouling. Hence the biofilm formation on membrane was reduced without any membrane damage. PAC also helped to remove low molecular weight (LMW) organics responsible for biofouling of RO membrane. A linear correlation between assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and LMW organics was observed. A small amount of PAC (2.4-8.0g of PAC/m(3) of seawater) was sufficient to reduce biofouling. It indicated that SMABR is an environmentally-friendly biological pretreatment to reduce biofouling for SWRO.
Nanofiltration for water and wastewater treatment - A mini review
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-06-2013
Abstract: Abstract. The application of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment is increasing due to stringent water quality standards. Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the widely used membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in addition to other applications such as desalination. NF has replaced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher flux rates. This paper briefly reviews the application of NF for water and wastewater treatment including fundamentals, mechanisms, fouling challenges and their controls.
Effects of Humic Acid and Suspended Solids on the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water by Adsorption onto Granular Activated Carbon
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-08-2015
Effluent organic matter (EfOM) in wastewater Constituents, effects, and treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2006
Hydrous iron oxide for removal of inorganic contaminants in simulated stormwater: A batch sorption kinetics study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2011
Preparation of titania-containing photocatalysts from metallurgical slag waste and photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
A rapid bioluminescence-based test of assimilable organic carbon for seawater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Chemical-assisted physico-biological water mining system
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.1680/WAMA.900072
Abstract: Water mining is the process of extracting valuable water from a sewerage network by treating raw sewage to high standards. A range of commercially viable water mining treatment technologies are now available to treat sewage to specified water quality targets. Most of these technologies have minimal plant footprint requirements, making them suitable for decentralised operations. This paper discusses a hybrid water mining system that includes chemically assisted fine solids separation followed by a biological treatment process. Results from the first proof testing of this water mining system in Sydney, Australia are presented. The results confirm the suitability of the hybrid system for producing high-quality water for non-potable reuse.
Hybrid filtration method for pre-treatment of stormwater
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.567
Abstract: In this study the hybrid filtration process (combining fibre filter with deep bed dual media filtration) was investigated as pre-treatment to stormwater. This process was investigated in-terms of reduction in turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), colour, headloss development across the filters, suspended solids removal, organic matter removal, nutrients and heavy matter (such as iron, copper, lead, zinc) removal efficiency. A comparison was made between the hybrid filter with single media (sand) deep bed filter and fibre filter. It was found that the hybrid filtration system successfully removed turbidity (98%), colour (99%), suspended solids (99%), and DOC (55%). The removal efficiency of heavy metal was relatively low as the concentration of heavy metals present in stormwater was low. The removal efficiency of nitrate, nitrite and phosphorous (as orthophosphate) was 27, 35 and 72% respectively. Hybrid filtration processes showed a better reduction of Modified Fouling Index (MFI) value (from 15.500 s/l2 to 9 s/l2) compared with single media sand, anthracite and fibre filter which were 35 s/l2, 13 s/l2and 14 s/l2 respectively when operated at FeCl3 dose of 15 mg/l.
Physico-chemical pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO): organic characterization and membrane autopsy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Case study research: training interdisciplinary engineers with context-dependent knowledge
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Removal of metsulfuron methyl by Fenton reagent
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Arsenic removal by iron oxide coated sponge: treatment and waste management
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-2009
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2009.477
Abstract: One of the problems in drinking water that raises concern over the world is that millions of people still have to use arsenic-contaminated water. There is a worldwide need to develop appropriate technologies to remove arsenic from water for household and community water supply systems. In this study, a new material namely iron oxide coated sponge (IOCSp) was developed and used to remove arsenic (As) from contaminated groundwater in Vietnam. The results indicated that IOCSp has a high capacity in removing both As (V) and As (III). The adsorption capacity of IOCSp was up to 4.6 mg As/g IOCSp, showing better than many other materials. It was observed from a pilot study that a small quantity of IOCSp (180 g) could reduce As concentration of 480 μg/L in 1.5 m3 of contaminated natural water to below 40 μg/L. In addition, an exhausted IOCSp, containing a large amount of arsenic (up to 0.42 wt %) could safely be disposed through the solidification/stabilization with cement. Addition of fly ash also reduced the amount of arsenic in the leachate.
Gravity driven membrane filtration system to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2013.046
Abstract: The characterisation of rainwater in metropolitan Sydney and in rural New South Wales was undertaken. The results showed that factors such as the lack of vehicular traffic, air pollution and urban contamination meant that rural rainwater water quality was better. The rain water collected in both metropolitan and rural areas generally complied with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines except for parameters such as the pH in both the metropolitan and rural rainwater tanks and the turbidity, and lead levels from the metropolitan tanks. This paper also reports the results of a laboratory and a pilot scale study with a deep bed filter (granular activated carbon, GAC) and microfiltration (MF) hollow fibre membrane filter system used to treat raw rainwater collected from a metropolitan rainwater tank. The results of the laboratory experiment and pilot scale systems focus on the non-compliant parameters of the s ling program, i.e. turbidity, lead and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It was found that rainwater treated by the GAC filter removed the majority of the turbidity and organic substances. The treatment system reduced the concentration of turbidity, lead and DOC to below the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limits. The pilot plant experiment demonstrated that a GAC filter system and gravity driven membrane could result in low cost and low maintenance operation.
Optimal design of a flocculator
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1993
Biofiltration as pre-treatment to water harvesting and recycling
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2011.259
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the long term biofilter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a canal at Carlton, in Sydney. Anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as a single filter media in biofilter columns. Media heights of 75 and 40 cm were used. The filter columns were operated at filtration velocities of 0.12 and 0.25 m/h. The removal efficiency for turbidity and DOC for the GAC filter media were found to be 75% and almost 100% respectively. The removal efficiency for the anthracite filter was much lower. Molecular weight distribution analysis showed an almost similar trend to the DOC removal. Compared with anthracite filter media, the GAC biofilter removed a much larger range of organic compounds present in the stormwater. The GAC biofilter removes organic matter earlier as compared to anthracite. Based on a limited s le of stormwater, the removal efficiency for phosphorus was upto 74% and that of nitrogen was up to 30%. In general GAC filter shows higher heavy metal removal efficiency than anthracite. The removal of zinc, iron, lead and nickel were good. However the concentration of heavy metal in the raw surface water s le was low.
Practical use of standard pore blocking index as an indicator of biofouling potential in seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Quantification of air stripping and biodegradation of organic removal in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) industry wastewater during submerged membrane bioreactor operation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Arsenic waste from water treatment systems: characteristics, treatments and its disposal
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 16-07-2014
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2014.073
Abstract: As with other water treatment systems, arsenic treatment creates not only quality water but arsenic waste as well. Management of arsenic waste is now becoming a major public concern due to its harmful effects on the surrounding environment, including serious health problems such as skin cancers and various internal carcinomas. The main aim of this paper is to review: (i) the characteristics of arsenic waste produced by arsenic treatment systems and (ii) the treatment and disposal methods of this waste. Arsenic waste type or its characteristics play an important role in choosing the best method of treatment and disposal. Currently, encapsulation of arsenic waste through solidification/stabilization (S/S) techniques is considered to be the most attractive solution and this method is the focus of this review. A number of studies have used cement by itself and in combination with additives such as lime, iron, silicates, or fly ash in the S/S process. Although there is a lack of systematic investigations and differing procedures for testing the effectiveness of the treatment methods, it was agreed that incorporating additives could increase the effectiveness of the S/S process depending on the type and dose of additives.
Coupling of physico-chemical treatment and steel membrane filtration to enhanced organic removal in wastewater treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2013
Experimental evaluation of microfiltration-granular activated carbon (MF-GAC)/nano filter hybrid system in high quality water reuse
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Effect of pre-treatment on fouling propensity of feed as depicted by the modified fouling index (MFI) and cross-flow sampler-modified fouling index (CFS-MFI)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from sludge produced by titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) flocculation of wastewater
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-01-2007
DOI: 10.1021/ES062062G
Abstract: Sludge disposal is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges of modern wastewater treatment worldwide. In this study, a new process was developed, which has a significant potential for lower cost of waste disposal, protection of the environment and public health, and yield of economically useful byproducts. Titanium oxide (TiO2), which is the most widely used metal oxide, was produced from the wastewater sludge generated by the flocculation of secondary wastewater with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Detailed analyses were conducted to compare TiCl4, ferric chloride (FeCl3), and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) flocculation. Removal of organic matter and different molecular sizes by Ti-salt flocculation was similar to that of the most widely used Fe- and Al-salt flocculation. The mean size of Ti-, Fe-, and Al-salt flocs was 47.5, 42.5, and 16.9 microm, respectively. The decantability of the settled flocs by TiCl4 coagulant was similar to that by FeC13 coagulant and much higher than that of Al2(SO4)3. The photocatalyst from wastewater (PFW) produced by TiCl4 flocculation was characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, photocatalytic activity, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting PFW was found to be superior to commercial TiO2 (P-25) in terms photocatalytic activity and surface area. The PFW as also found to be mainly doped with C and P atoms. The atomic percentage of the PFW was TiO(1.42)C(0.44)P(0.14).
A review on fouling of membrane distillation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-05-2016
Foulant analysis of a reverse osmosis membrane used pretreated seawater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles from Electrocoagulated Sludge using Sacrificial Titanium Electrodes
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-06-2010
DOI: 10.1021/ES100333S
Abstract: A comprehensive investigation of electrocoagulation using sacrificial titanium (Ti) electrodes in wastewater was carried out. The effects of specific process variables, such as initial pH, mixing, current density, initial organic loading, and ionic/electrolyte strength were first optimized to produce recyclable Ti-based sludge. The sludge was incinerated at 600 degrees C to produce functional TiO(2) photocatalyst. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that TiO(2) produced at optimum electrocoagulation conditions was mostly anatase structure. The specific surface area of the synthesized TiO(2) photocatalyst was higher than that of the commercially available and widely used Degussa P-25 TiO(2). Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that in additional to titanium and oxygen, this photocatalyst is also composed of carbon and phosphorus. These elements were mainly doped as a substitute site for the oxygen atom. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited sharply edged nanorods, round nanoparticles, and nanotubes with nonuniform shapes showing some structural defects. Photodecomposition of gaseous acetaldehyde by this photocatalyst was also conducted under UV and visible light irradiation to study the photocatalytic properties of the doped TiO(2) photocatalyst. While no photocatalytic activity was observed under visible light irradiation, this doped TiO(2) photocatalyst exhibited high photocatalytic activity under UV light.
Socio-hydrologic modeling to understand and mediate the competition for water between agriculture development and environmental health: Murrumbidgee River basin, Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 29-10-2014
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-18-4239-2014
Abstract: Abstract. Competition for water between humans and ecosystems is set to become a flash point in the coming decades in many parts of the world. An entirely new and comprehensive quantitative framework is needed to establish a holistic understanding of that competition, thereby enabling the development of effective mediation strategies. This paper presents a modeling study centered on the Murrumbidgee River basin (MRB). The MRB has witnessed a unique system dynamics over the last 100 years as a result of interactions between patterns of water management and climate driven hydrological variability. Data analysis has revealed a pendulum swing between agricultural development and restoration of environmental health and ecosystem services over different stages of basin-scale water resource development. A parsimonious, stylized, quasi-distributed coupled socio-hydrologic system model that simulates the two-way coupling between human and hydrological systems of the MRB is used to mimic and explain dominant features of the pendulum swing. The model consists of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations that describe the interaction between five state variables that govern the co-evolution: reservoir storage, irrigated area, human population, ecosystem health, and environmental awareness. The model simulations track the propagation of the external climatic and socio-economic drivers through this coupled, complex system to the emergence of the pendulum swing. The model results point to a competition between human "productive" and environmental "restorative" forces that underpin the pendulum swing. Both the forces are endogenous, i.e., generated by the system dynamics in response to external drivers and mediated by humans through technology change and environmental awareness, respectively. Sensitivity analysis carried out with the model further reveals that socio-hydrologic modeling can be used as a tool to explain or gain insight into observed co-evolutionary dynamics of erse human–water coupled systems. This paper therefore contributes to the ultimate development of a generic modeling framework that can be applied to human–water coupled systems in different climatic and socio-economic settings.
Comparison of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to seawater reverse osmosis: Detailed analyses of molecular weight distribution of organic matter in initial stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
Effect of imposed flux on fouling behavior in high rate membrane bioreactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2012.02.107
Abstract: The influence of imposed flux and aeration rates on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor was studied. The experiments were conducted at four imposed fluxes and three aeration rates. The effect of flux on the reduction of membrane fouling was much higher than that caused by aeration rate. A lower flux of 20 L/m(2) h produced 75 times more water than a higher flux of 40 L/m(2) h with an aeration rate of 2 L/min. Low flux showed slightly higher removal of NH(4)-N and 93-96% removal of dissolved organic matter and chemical oxygen demand. Imposed flux also had a significant effect on the composition of organics present in the soluble microbial product (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). At a higher flux, both SMP and EPS had organics of high molecular weight (MW) of around 48 kDa as well as lower MW organics below 200 Da.
Removal of heavy metals in stormwater by hydrous ferric oxide
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1680/WAMA.2012.165.3.171
Abstract: Stormwater runoff from urban and industrial areas contains several types of heavy metals that have negative ecological impacts on receiving waters, and therefore methods need to be developed to remove these pollutants. Combined removal of a mixture of heavy metal cations (Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ) and an oxy anion (selenate, SeO 4 − ) from an artificially prepared stormwater was investigated by sorption of these heavy metals on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) in a column experiment under intermittent runoff (wetting and drying) condition, as occurs between rainfall events in the field. The heavy metal removal behaviour varied between ions as well as with time. In each continuous column run (8 h) the amount of ions removed progressively decreased with time and reached a constant level at approximately 4–6 h. However, stopping the runoff for 40 h and starting the next runoff after this period removed a large quantity of heavy metals in the first few hours of this run. The intermittent runoff for seven runs showed that HFO has a high capacity to remove copper and zinc, which were present in higher concentrations in the stormwater than cadmium, nickel and selenium.
Submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor as a pretreatment in seawater desalination for biofouling control
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2013.01.021
Abstract: Submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (SMABR) was investigated as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis (RO). SMABR removed organic matter by adsorption and biological degradation. At a powder activated carbon (PAC) residence time of 66 d (1.5% of PAC replacement daily), higher organic removal was achieved with removal of a majority of biopolymers (94-97%) and humics (71-76%). A continuous MBR operation with the optimal PAC residence time of 66 d was conducted and compared with MBR with no PAC replenishment in terms of the removal of organic and microbes. High removal of organics of up to 72% was maintained with only a marginal increment of trans-membrane pressure and stable bioactivity (total cell number and adenosine tri-phosphate) during the 50d of operation. The SMABR was found to be a sustainable biological pretreatment to RO with only a small amount of PAC requirement (2.14 g of PAC/m(3) of seawater treated).
Submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system as pretreatment to organic matter removal from seawater
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2011.036
Abstract: In this study, a commonly used ferric chloride was utilised as coagulant for removing organic compounds from seawater. More than 57% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed at optimum dosage of 3 mg Fe+3/L. The coagulation by FeCl3 at optimum dosage could remove a majority (95%) of hydrophobic compounds. The results from Liquid Chromatography – Organic Carbon Detector showed that only & .02 mg/L of hydrophobic compounds was found after coagulation. In addition, the modified fouling index decreased considerably from 15,848 s/L2 with raw seawater to 3,025 s/L2 with seawater after coagulation. In-line coagulation coupled with submerged membrane system (ICSMS) was also trialled. It is observed that critical flux was increased from 20 L/m2·h in the conventional submerged membrane system to 55 L/m2 h in ICSMS. The ICSMS could remain the high DOC removal efficiency (more than 70%) at filtration rate of 20 L/m2 h when keeping the development of trans-membrane pressure was significant lower than that of conventional submerged membrane system.
Specific Treatment Technologies for Removing Arsenic from Water
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2006
Adsorption and photocatalysis kinetics of herbicide onto titanium oxide and powdered activated carbon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Valuing stormwater, rainwater and wastewater in the soft path for water management: Australian case studies
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.544
Abstract: A Water Sensitive City is now commonly acknowledged best practice for designing the cities of the future. In Australia, the National Water Initiative has allocated high priority towards offering insight into successful water sensitive urban development projects, to facilitate capacity building within the industry. This paper shares innovative water sensitive projects implemented at Kogarah City Council, in Sydney. Four key projects are discussed, demonstrating how stormwater, rainwater and wastewater can be incorporated into decentralised water systems to offer sustainable water management of the future. The case studies included in the paper highlight Kogarah's journey towards the Soft Path for Water Management.
Synergistic effect of biological activated carbon and enhanced coagulation in secondary wastewater effluent treatment
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2012.816
Abstract: The use of secondary wastewater effluent (SWWE) is an essential strategy for making better use of limited water resources. However, a wide range of organic compounds eventually renders them unsuitable for recycling. In water treatment processes, biologically activated carbon (BAC) is adopted after physicochemical treatment. However, the effectiveness of such combination for SWWE remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effectiveness of various combinations: BAC/enhanced coagulation (EC) or EC/BAC, especially in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. The results showed that distinct advantage could be obtained by adopting BAC/EC combination rather than EC/BAC, as microbes in BAC not only remove non-coagulable compounds but also synergize the removal efficiency by releasing some coagulable humic substances.
Arsenic removal by iron oxide coated sponge: Experimental performance and mathematical models
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.06.094
Abstract: Millions of people worldwide are at risk from the presence of arsenic in groundwater. In this study, adsorption equilibrium and long term experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of iron oxide coated sponge (IOCSp) in arsenic removal. It was found that maximum adsorption capacity of IOCSp for As(III) and As(V) calculated by Sips isotherm was 4.2 and 4.6 mg/g of IOCSp, respectively. A filter packed with small amount of 25 g IOCSp maintained a consistent arsenic removal efficiency of 95% from synthetic solution containing arsenic concentration of as high as 1000 microg/L. This produced a throughput volume of 153 and 178 L of water containing As(III) and As(V), respectively before any need for regeneration or disposal of IOCSp. IOCSp could be regenerated by washing it with NaOH solution. The dynamic (column) adsorption kinetics were successfully predicted by the Thomas and Nikolaidis modified models.
Hybrid filtration method for pre-treatment of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Cadmium Sorption and Desorption in Soils: A Review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Pretreatment for seawater desalination by flocculation: Performance of modified poly ferric silicate (PFSi-δ) and ferric chloride as flocculants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor process – a case study in southern Taiwan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
Experimental investigation and modeling of dissolved organic carbon removal by coagulation from seawater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.09.022
Abstract: Coagulation removes colloidal matters and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) which can cause irreversible membrane fouling. However, how DOC is removed by coagulant is not well-known. Jar test was used to study the removal of hydrophobic and hydrophilic DOC fractions at various doses (0.5-8.0 mg-Fe(+3) L(-1)) of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and pH (5.0-9.0). Natural organic matter (NOM) in seawater and treated seawater were fractionated by liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector (LC-OCD). Compared to surface water, the removal of DOC in seawater by coagulation was remarkably different. Majority of DOC could be easily removed with very low coagulant dose (<5.0 mg-Fe(+3) L(-1)) and the removal efficiency did not vary with pH, but the DOC composition in treated water had significantly changed. Hydrophobic fraction (HB) was better removed at high pH while hydrophilic fraction (HF) was better removed at low pH. A modified model of Kastl et al. (2004) which assumed that the removal occurred by adsorption of un-dissociated compounds onto ferric hydroxide was formulated and successfully validated against the jar test data.
A detailed organic matter characterization of pretreated seawater using low pressure microfiltration hybrid systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Effect of salt concentration on membrane bioreactor (MBR) performances: Detailed organic characterization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Fouling study on vacuum-enhanced direct contact membrane distillation for seawater desalination
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-05-2016
Development of a confined water sensitive urban design (WSUD) system using engineered soils
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 02-2007
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2007.111
Abstract: Innovative Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems are being investigated at three locations to the north and south of Sydney, Australia. These systems contain porous concrete pipes that are designed so that stormwater exfiltrates through the permeable walls of the pipes into the surrounding substrate media material. The porous pipes and media material treat the passing stormwater. The primary aim of the overall project is to develop a model to describe the treatment effectiveness of confined WSUD systems. This paper focuses on the system located at the Weathertex Industrial Site, Heatherbrae. Due to wood processing operations that occur at this site, it is recognised that the surface runoff will carry a heavy organics loading. Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) is recognised for its ability to reduce the concentration of dissolved organics present in both wastewater and stormwater. GAC was therefore chosen as a filtration medium to be investigated at this site. To maximise the effectiveness of the GAC, extensive laboratory batch studies were undertaken prior to the field system being constructed to determine the optimum GAC/sand ratio. The purpose of the experimental work was to assess the dissolved organic removal potential through sorption of various concentrations of GAC. The aim of this paper is to describe these laboratory experiments and discuss how they related to the field system. Through these experiments it was determined that a sand/GAC ratio of 25:1 was ideal for the media material at the Heatherbrae site.
Removal of natural organic matter at the Gunbower water treatment plant in northern Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-04-2016
Performance of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) adsorption and biofiltration in the treatment of biologically treated sewage effluent
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2007
Competitive adsorption of metals on cabbage waste from multi-metal solutions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2013.12.107
Abstract: This study assessed the adsorption capacity of the agro-waste 'cabbage' as a biosorbent in single, binary, ternary and quaternary sorption systems with Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions. Dried and ground powder of cabbage waste (CW) was used for the sorption of metals ions. Carboxylic, hydroxyl, and amine groups in cabbage waste were found to be the key functional groups for metal sorption. The adsorption isotherms obtained could be well fitted to both the mono- and multi-metal models. In the competitive adsorption systems, cabbage waste adsorbed larger amount of Pb(II) than the other three metals. However, the presence of the competing ions suppressed the sorption of the target metal ions. Except the case of binary system of Cd(II)-Zn(II) and Cd(II)-Cu(II), there was a linear inverse dependency between the sorption capacities and number of different types of competitive metal ions.
Recovery of sludge produced from Ti-salt flocculation as pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Effect of granular activated carbon filter on the subsequent flocculation in seawater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Application of vacuum membrane distillation for small scale drinking water production
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
In-line flocculation-filtration as pre-treatment to reverse osmosis desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Combined effect of air and mechanical scouring of membranes for fouling reduction in submerged membrane reactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Biofilter as pretreatment to membrane based desalination: Evaluation in terms of fouling index
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Application of hybrid photocatalysis systems coupled with flocculation and adsorption to biologically treated sewage effluent for organic removal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2007
Effect of a hydrodynamic cleaning of a cross-flow membrane system with a novel automated approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from sludge produced by TiCl4 flocculation with FeCl3, A1 2(SO4)3 and Ca(OH)2 coagulant aids in wastewater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-04-2009
Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO2 produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride
Publisher: Desalination Publications
Date: 2010
Fouling of ultrafiltration membrane by effluent organic matter: A detailed characterization using different organic fractions in wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
In‐line Flocculation‐Submersed MF/UF Membrane Hybrid System in Tertiary Wastewater Treatment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2008
Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO2 produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2010
Adsorption and removal of arsenic from water by iron ore mining waste
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2009.667
Abstract: There is a global need to develop low-cost technologies to remove arsenic from water for in idual household water supply. In this study, a purified and enriched waste material (treated magnetite waste, TMW) from the Trai Cau's iron ore mine in the Thai Nguyen Province in Vietnam was examined for its capacity to remove arsenic. The treatment system was packed with TMW that consisted of 75% of ferrous-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and had a large surface area of 89.7 m2/g. The experiments were conducted at a filtration rate of 0.05 m/h to treat groundwater with an arsenic concentration of 380 μg/L and iron, manganese and phosphate concentrations of 2.07 mg/L, 0.093 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L respectively. The batch experimental results show that this new material was able to absorb up to 0.74 mg arsenic/g. The results also indicated that the treatment system removed more than 90% arsenic giving an effluent with an arsenic concentration of less than 30 μg/L while achieving a removal efficiency of about 80% for Mn2 + and PO43−. This could be a promising and cost-effective new material for capturing arsenic as well as other metals from groundwater.
Blended fertilizers as draw solutions for fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis desalination
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-03-2012
DOI: 10.1021/ES300002W
Abstract: In fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination, the final nutrient concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)) in the product water is essential for direct fertigation and to avoid over fertilization. Our study with 11 selected fertilizers indicate that blending of two or more single fertilizers as draw solution (DS) can achieve significantly lower nutrient concentration in the FDFO product water rather than using single fertilizer alone. For ex le, blending KCl and NH(4)H(2)PO(4) as DS can result in 0.61/1.35/1.70 g/L of N/P/K, which is comparatively lower than using them in idually as DS. The nutrient composition and concentration in the final FDFO product water can also be adjusted by selecting low nutrient fertilizers containing complementary nutrients and in different ratios to produce prescription mixtures. However, blending fertilizers generally resulted in slightly reduced bulk osmotic pressure and water flux in comparison to the sum of the osmotic pressures and water fluxes of the two in idual DSs as used alone. The performance ratio or PR (ratio of actual water flux to theoretical water flux) of blended fertilizer DS was observed to be between the PR of the two fertilizer solutions tested in idually. In some cases, such as urea, blending also resulted in significant reduction in N nutrient loss by reverse diffusion in presence of other fertilizer species.
Bacterial community structure in a biofilter used as a pretreatment for seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
A gradualist approach to address Australia's urban water challenge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Enhanced removal of nitrate from water using surface modification of adsorbents – A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2013.09.034
Abstract: Elevated concentration of nitrate results in eutrophication of natural water bodies affecting the aquatic environment and reduces the quality of drinking water. This in turn causes harm to people's health, especially that of infants and livestock. Adsorbents with the high capacity to selectively adsorb nitrate are required to effectively remove nitrate from water. Surface modifications of adsorbents have been reported to enhance their adsorption of nitrate. The major techniques of surface modification are: protonation, impregnation of metals and metal oxides, grafting of amine groups, organic compounds including surfactant coating of aluminosilicate minerals, and heat treatment. This paper reviews current information on these techniques, compares the enhanced nitrate adsorption capacities achieved by the modifications, and the mechanisms of adsorption, and presents advantages and drawbacks of the techniques. Most studies on this subject have been conducted in batch experiments. These studies need to include continuous mode column trials which have more relevance to real operating systems and pilot-plant trials. Reusability of adsorbents is important for economic reasons and practical treatment applications. However, only limited information is available on the regeneration of surface modified adsorbents.
Studying Municipal Solid Waste Generation And Composition In The Urban Areas Of Bhutan
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-10-2010
Abstract: Bhutan lacks the solid waste data which are essential parameters for planning and scheduling of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. The first ever large-scale research survey on solid waste generation and characterization in the urban areas of Bhutan was conducted between November 2007 and January 2008 using the method of waste s ling at source. The MSW generation rates in the urban centres were 0.53 kg capita -1 day - 1 , which consists predominantly of organic waste materials of up to 58% indicating a great opportunity for composting. Domestic waste from the households contributed the maximum (47%) component of the total MSW generated from the urban centres followed by wastes from the commercial establishments. Attempt to study the correlation between household monthly income and the waste per capita generation rates did not yield any conclusive result.
Preparation of titanium oxide, iron oxide, and aluminium oxide from sludge generated from Ti-salt, Fe-salt and Al-salt flocculation of wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Ultraflitration of wastewater with pretreatment: evaluation of flux decline models
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
The role of a membrane performance enhancer in a membrane bioreactor: a comparison with other submerged membrane hybrid systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
Spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and equivalent toxicity in Sydney Harbour, Australia
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 20-08-2013
DOI: 10.2166/WCC.2013.059
Abstract: Harbour sediments include wash-off from different nearby catchments that have various landuse activities. In this study the spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sydney Harbour was studied by analysing the sediment. The sediment was collected from 12 locations and 16 PAHs that are prioritized by the United States Environmental Protection Authority were analysed. The concentrations in the sediment were in the range of 54–23,440 ng/g of total PAHs and this varied from location to location. The result suggests that the harbour is contaminated with PAHs from low concentration to very high concentration. Among the total PAHs, approximately 75% were medium to higher molecular weight 4- and 5-ring member PAHs. A toxicity identification evaluation (TEQ) approach using a toxicity equivalency factor (TEF) was applied to assess the sediment toxicity. The TEF was found to be between 22 and 8,277 ng TEQ/g. The TEQ value indicated potential adverse ecological and human health effects in many locations.
Permeable reactive barrier for groundwater remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Assessment of biological activity in contact flocculation filtration used as a pretreatment in seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Physicochemical pretreatment of seawater: fouling reduction and membrane characterization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Assessing membrane fouling potential of humic acid using flow field-flow fractionation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Sources, distribution, environmental fate, and ecological effects of nanomaterials in wastewater streams
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-11-2015
Comparison of granular activated carbon bio-sorption and advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of leachate effluent
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2009
Effect of organic loading rate on organic matter and foulant characteristics in membrane bio-reactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2011.12.002
Abstract: In this study, the influence of organic loading rate (OLR) on the performance of a membrane bio-reactor (MBR) was investigated. The MBR was operated with 6 different OLRs between 0.5 and 3.0 kg COD/m(3)d. The hydrodynamic parameters of the MBR were kept constant. The hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time were kept at 8h and 40 d respectively. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the removal efficiency of DOC, COD and NH(4)-N decreased when OLRs were increased from 0.5 to 3.0 kg COD/m(3)d. Higher OLRs of 2.75-3.0 kg COD/m(3)d resulted in a higher transmembrane pressure development. The fractionation of organic matters showed more hydrophilic substances with higher OLRs. A detailed organic matter characterization of membrane foulant, soluble microbial product and extracellular polymeric substances showed that bio-polymers type substances together with humic acid and lower molecular neutral and acids were responsible for membrane fouling.
Wastewater Management Journey – From Indus Valley Civilisation to the Twenty-First Century
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 11-09-2012
Interaction of humic substances on fouling in membrane distillation for seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
A review of draw solutes in forward osmosis process and their use in modern applications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
Effect of pretreatment on the fouling of membranes: application in biologically treated sewage effluent
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Fenton Oxidation of Metsulfuron-Methyl with Application to Permeable Reactive Barriers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2015
Analytical methods of size distribution for organic matter in water and wastewater
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1007/BF02706798
Assessment of pretreatment to microfiltration for desalination in terms of fouling index and molecular weight distribution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Long-term operation of submerged membrane bioreactor for the treatment of high strength acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) wastewater: effect of hydraulic retention time
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Removal of organic matter from effluents by Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX®)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Seawater biofiltration pre-treatment system: comparison of filter media performance
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-07-2014
Arsenic removal by photo-catalysis hybrid system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-06-2008
Application of an automation system and a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for the optimal operation of a membrane adsorption hybrid system
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2006.122
Abstract: The application of automation and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems to municipal water and wastewater treatment plants is rapidly increasing. However, the application of these systems is less frequent in the research and development phases of emerging treatment technologies used in these industries. This study involved the implementation of automation and a SCADA system to the submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system for use in a semi-pilot scale research project. An incremental approach was used in the development of the automation and SCADA systems, leading to the development of two new control systems. The first system developed involved closed loop control of the backwash initiation, based upon a pressure increase, leading to productivity improvements as the backwash is only activated when required, not at a fixed time. This system resulted in a 40% reduction in the number of backwashes required and also enabled optimised operations under unsteady concentrations of wastewater. The second system developed involved closed loop control of the backwash duration, whereby the backwash was terminated when the pressure reached a steady state. This system resulted in a reduction of the duration of the backwash of up to 25% and enabled optimised operations as the foulant build-up within the reactor increased.
Column studies on the removal of dissolved organic carbon, turbidity and heavy metals from stormwater using granular activated carbon
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
The performance of contact flocculation–filtration as pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
Visible light responsive ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide for the removal of metsulfuron-methyl herbcide in aqueous phase
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Influence of temperature and temperature difference in the performance of forward osmosis desalination process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Adsorption Characteristics of Acetaldehyde on Activated Carbons Prepared from Corn-Based Biomass Precursor
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-05-2010
Performance of Flocculation and Adsorption Pretreatments to Ultrafiltration of Biologically Treated Sewage Effluent: the Effect of Seasonal Variations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2006
Novel pre-treatment method for seawater reverse osmosis: Fibre media filtration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Performance of cabbage and cauliflower wastes for heavy metals removal
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-08-2013
Ti-salt flocculation for dissolved organic matter removal in seawater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2013
Assessment of biological activated carbon treatment to control membrane fouling in reverse osmosis of secondary effluent for reuse in irrigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Road-Deposited Sediment Pollutants: A Critical Review of their Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Management
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
Urban stormwater quality and treatment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2010
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road-deposited sediments, water sediments, and soils in Sydney, Australia: Comparisons of concentration distribution, sources and potential toxicity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2014.03.010
Abstract: Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) considered as priority environmental pollutants were analysed in surface natural soils (NS), road-deposited sediments (RDS), and water sediments (WS) at Kogarah in Sydney, Australia. Comparisons were made of their concentration distributions, likely sources and potential toxicities. The concentrations (mg/kg) in NS, RDS, and WS ranged from 0.40 to 7.49 (mean 2.80), 1.65 to 4.00 (mean 2.91), and 0.49 to 5.19 (mean 1.76), respectively. PAHs were dominated by relatively high molecular weight compounds with more than three fused benzene rings, indicating that high temperature combustion processes were their predominant sources. The proportions of high molecular weight PAHs with five or six fused benzene rings were higher in NS than in RDS, whereas the low molecular weight PAHs were higher in RDS. Concentrations of all PAHs compounds were observed to be the lowest in WS. The concentrations of most of the high molecular weight PAHs significantly correlated with each other in RDS and WS. All PAHs (except naphthalene) were significantly correlated in NS suggesting a common PAH source. Ratios for in idual diagnostic PAHs demonstrated that the primary source of PAHs in WS and NS was of pyrogenic origin (combustion of petroleum (vehicle exhaust), grass, and wood) while in RDS it was petrogenic (i.e. unburned or leaked fuel and oil, road asphalt, and tyre particles) as well as pyrogenic. The potential toxicities of PAHs calculated using a toxicity equivalent quotient (TEQ) were all low but higher for NS compared to WS and RDS.
Continued Psychometric Evaluation of an Intuition Instrument for Nursing Students
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a revised intuition instrument developed for nursing students. Method: Principal component factor analysis was used to establish construct validity, and the Cronbach’s alpha was used to examine reliability. Findings: Statistical analysis resulted in a 26-item intuition instrument with 6 factors accounting for 62% of the variance. The factors were labeled as Feelings That Reassure (27.7%), Spiritual Connections (10.9%), Feelings That Alert (8.4%), Feelings That Forewarn (5.8%), Physical Sensations That Alert (4.7%), and Reading Physical Cues (4.2%). Eigenvalues ranged from 1.100 to 7.225, and factor loadings ranged from .572 to .848. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was .89 with a range of .73 to .85 for each factor. Conclusions: The 26-item intuition instrument showed evidence of construct validity and reliability. Implications: The intuition instrument can serve as a stimulus to foster students’ intuitive abilities.
Marine bacterial transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and TEP precursors: Characterization and RO fouling potential
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Influence of supporting media in suspension on membrane fouling reduction in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Lessons for a viable water recycling industry
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1680/WAMA.2011.164.5.213
Abstract: The platform on which the Labour government came to power in Australia in November 2007 included a policy of setting a national wastewater recycling target of 30% by the year 2015. A similar target-based approach was followed by the solid waste recycling industry in Australia the policy of which focused on supply and did not adequately acknowledge the price competitiveness of the product and its demand. This paper highlights the lessons from the solid waste recycling industry and applies them to the water recycling sector. A sound water pricing regime that reflects the true costs of water and a competitive water industry is offered as a better policy alternative to setting recycling targets.
Submerged membrane hybrid systems as pretreatment in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO): Optimisation and fouling mechanism determination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Simultaneous adsorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn by an iron-coated Australian zeolite in batch and fixed-bed column studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
A combined photocatalytic slurry reactor–immersed membrane module system for advanced wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Removal and Recovery of Phosphate From Water Using Sorption
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-03-2014
Fluidized bed magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) as pre-treatment process for a submerged membrane reactor in wastewater treatment and reuse
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
Application of air flow for mitigation of particle deposition in submerged membrane microfiltration
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Removal of effluent organic matter by purolite fluidised bed and submerged membrane hybrid system
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Membranes coupled with physico chemical treatment in water reuse
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2010.843
Abstract: In this study, short-term experiments were conducted with different configurations of membrane hybrid systems to treat biological treated sewage effluent containing refractory organic pollutants: (i) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration (SMF) alone (ii) spiral flocculator (SF)-SMF without settling (iii) SF-PAC-SMF without settling and (iv) SMF with magnetic ion exchange resin MIEX® pretreatment. The results indicated that the pre-flocculation of SF could improve the mitigation of membrane fouling significantly even when the system was operated at a high membrane filtration rate. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) of SF-PAC-SMF only increased marginally (0.8 kPa over 8 hours). SF-SMF without the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) also took a relatively long duration for the TMP to increase. The TMP only increased by 2.5 kPa over 8 hours. The SF-PAC-MF system resulted in a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of more than 96%. When used as pre-treatment to submerged membranes, the fluidized bed MIEX® contactor could remove a significant amount of organic matter in wastewater. This pre-treatment helped to reduce the membrane fouling and kept the TMP low during the membrane operation.
Removal of leather tanning agent syntan from aqueous solution using Fenton oxidation followed by GAC adsorption
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Microbial activity in biofilter used as a pretreatment for seawater desalination
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Effect of photocatalysis on the membrane hybrid system for wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Aquatic toxicity evaluation of TiO2 nanoparticle produced from sludge of TiCl4 flocculation of wastewater and seawater
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-12-2009
Socio-hydrologic drivers of the pendulum swing between agricultural development and environmental health: a case study from Murrumbidgee River basin, Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 13-03-2014
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-18-1027-2014
Abstract: Abstract. This paper presents a case study centred on the Murrumbidgee River basin in eastern Australia. It illustrates the dynamics of the balance between water extraction and use for food production, and efforts to mitigate and reverse consequent degradation of the riparian environment. In particular, the paper traces the history of a pendulum swing between an exclusive focus on agricultural development and food production in the initial stages and its attendant socio-economic benefits, followed by the gradual realization of the adverse environmental impacts, subsequent efforts to mitigate these with the use of remedial measures, and ultimately concerted efforts and externally imposed solutions to restore environmental health and ecosystem services. The 100-year history of development within the Murrumbidgee is ided into four eras, each underpinned by the dominance of different values and norms and turning points characterized by their changes. The various stages of development can be characterized by the dominance, in turn, of infrastructure systems, policy frameworks, economic instruments, and technological solutions. The paper argues that, to avoid these costly pendulum swings, management needs to be underpinned by long-term coupled socio-hydrologic system models that explicitly include the two-way coupling between human and hydrological systems, including the slow evolution of human values and norms relating to water and the environment. Such coupled human–water system models can provide insights into dominant controls of the trajectory of their co-evolution in a given system, and can also be used to interpret patterns of co-evolution of such coupled systems in different places across gradients of climatic, socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions, and in this way to help develop generalizable understanding.
A continuous photocatalysis system in the degradation of herbicide
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2008
Assessment of water treatment processes: Detailed organic matter characterisation and membrane fouling indices at the Loddon Water Treatment Plant, Victoria, Australia
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2011.040
Abstract: Recent advances in membrane technology have led to its broad application, and reverse osmosis (RO) systems now represent the fastest growing segment of the desalination market. Its performance is hindered by membrane fouling. In this study pre-treatment methods to reduce RO fouling were investigated including flocculation, adsorption and ion exchange. Detailed organic characterisations were made in terms of florescence spectroscopy excitation emission matrix (EEM), UV254 absorbance and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LCOCD). The different pre-treatment methods were assessed in terms of the fouling potential. This was quantified in terms of the modified fouling index measured using a dead-end cell micro-filtration (MF) unit. The existing pre-treatment of granular activated carbon (GAC) filter led to a good organic removal. Among the pre-treatment methods tested in the laboratory, purolite ion exchange/adsorption was found to be better than FeCl3 flocculation in terms of the amount as well as the wide range of organics removal. A pre-treatment of flocculation with Poly-ferric-silicate (PFSi) as flocculent gave a higher removal of organic matter compared to other pre-treatments tested. DOC was reduced from 11.5 to 4.25 mg/L, and it removed mostly the humic type substances.
Influence of hydraulic retention time on the nature of foulant organics in a high rate membrane bioreactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Preparation and characterization of visible light responsive Fe 2O3-TiO2 composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Effect of different flocculants on short-term performance of submerged membrane bioreactor
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-01-2010
A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Organic matter removal from biologically treated sewage effluent by flocculation and oxidation coupled with flocculation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Related Organisations
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