ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3603-968X
Current Organisations
The University of Newcastle
,
University of Newcastle Australia
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-09-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NU15184060
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-05-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-26408-2
Abstract: The neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA (NTRK1) and its ligand nerve growth factor (NGF) are emerging promoters of tumor progression. In lung cancer, drugs targeting TrkA are in clinical trials, but the clinicopathological significance of TrkA and NGF, as well as that of the precursor proNGF, the neurotrophin co-receptor p75 NTR and the proneurotrophin co-receptor sortilin, remains unclear. In the present study, analysis of these proteins was conducted by immunohistochemistry and digital quantification in a series of 204 lung cancers of different histological subtypes versus 121 normal lung tissues. TrkA immunoreactivity was increased in squamous cell carcinoma compared with benign and other malignant lung cancer histological subtypes (p 0.0001). NGF and proNGF were also increased in squamous cell carcinoma, as well as in adenocarcinoma (p 0.0001). In contrast, p75 NTR was increased across all lung cancer histological subtypes compared to normal lung (p 0.0001). Sortilin was higher in adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma (p 0.0001). Nerves in the tumor microenvironment were negative for TrkA, NGF, proNGF, p75 NTR and sortilin. In conclusion, these data suggest a preferential therapeutic value of targeting the NGF-TrkA axis in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0019-2019
Abstract: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airways disease, estimated to affect 300 million people worldwide. Asthma management plans focus on optimisation of asthma pharmacotherapy. Lifestyle interventions also hold great promise for asthma sufferers as they are accessible, low cost and have minimal side-effects, thus making adherence more likely. This review explores lifestyle interventions that have been tested in asthma, including improving nutrition, increasing physical activity and introduction of relaxation therapies such as yoga and massage therapy. Available evidence suggests a protective effect of increasing fruit, vegetable and wholegrain intake and increasing physical activity levels in asthma. Weight loss is recommended for obese asthmatic patients, as just 5–10% weight loss has been found to improve quality of life and asthma control in most obese asthmatic patients. Other lifestyle interventions such as meditation, yoga and massage therapy show promise, with positive effects on asthma seen in some studies. However, the study protocols are highly variable and the results are inconsistent. Additional research is needed to further develop and refine recommendations regarding lifestyle modifications that can be implemented to improve asthma. Improving diet quality, by increasing fruit, vegetable and wholegrain intake and reducing saturated fat intake, should be recommended in asthma, as there is evidence suggesting that this leads to improvements in airway inflammation, asthma control and exacerbation risk. Regular physical activity should be promoted for people with asthma, as it can improve quality of life and lung function, as well as general health. In obese asthmatic patients, weight loss should be recommended, as it leads to numerous health benefits, including improvements in asthma. Even small amounts of weight loss in adults (5–10% body weight) have been shown to improve asthma quality of life and asthma control in the majority of people with asthma. There is some evidence of benefit of meditation, yoga and breathing exercises for adults with asthma, while massage therapy shows promise in children with asthma. However, the evidence is inconsistent and more research is needed to make definitive recommendations. To summarise current knowledge on lifestyle interventions in asthma. To improve awareness of how lifestyle modification can be used in asthma management. To identify areas for future research on lifestyle interventions in asthma.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
No related grants have been discovered for Lily Williams.