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0000-0001-7894-1415
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Mulawarman University
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Publisher: Department of Food Science, Bogor Agricultural Food Science
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Department of Food Science, Bogor Agricultural Food Science
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 17-11-2020
Abstract: Continuing to our previous data set publication and from various sources available on the internet, we summed some key identifications. In order to overcome the COVID-19 outbreak, the government should approve an emergency response regarding stay at home and work from home agreements of at least 48 days.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 29-07-2022
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.109612.1
Abstract: Background: Mandai cempedak vinegar (MCV) is a fermented vinegar produced from the inner skin of cempedak ( Artocarpus ch eden ), which contains antioxidants classified as flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. These bioactive compounds are sensitive to heat and prone to oxidative damage. Therefore, an encapsulation process is proposed to protect the bioactive compounds. This study aimed to design a potential scaling-up formulation of spray-dried encapsulated MCV based on Total Soluble Solid (TSS) with the addition of maltodextrin and chitosan, followed by determining the nutrition and phytochemical values of the formulation. Methods: The formulation employed maltodextrin to achieve TSS of 15, 20, and 25 ºBrix as the primary wall material treatment factor. The second factor was chitosan as auxiliary wall material at 1, 2, and 3% (w/w of maltodextrin). Products were spray-dried at 100 ºC inlet temperature and 80 ºC outlet temperature. Analyses of nutrition, flavonoid, phenol, and tannin were conducted in triplicate for each encapsulated product. Results: The 15 ºBrix of TSS from maltodextrin with 1% chitosan emerged as the best-encapsulating material, giving 7.54% moisture, 0.75% ash, 0.42% protein, 0.35% fat, and 90.94% carbohydrate content, resulting in a phytochemical activity equivalent to 9.13 mg Catechin Equivalent kg -1 , 69.61 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent kg -1 , and 25.04 mg Tannic Acid Equivalent kg -1 . Compared to maltodextrin, the chitosan generally contributed less to the proximate, flavonoid, phenol, and tannin content of the encapsulated MCV. Conclusions: The best formulation contained maltodextrin at 15 ºBrix of TSS and 1% chitosan. Maintaining optimum TSS was a key to producing consistent encapsulated MCV with high phytochemical activity.
Publisher: Department of Food Science, Bogor Agricultural Food Science
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-06-2010
Abstract: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate on protein deposits including the beta-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. AGEs interact with the "receptor for advanced glycation endproducts", and transmit their signals using intracellular reactive oxygen species as second messengers. Ultimately, AGEs induce the expression of a variety of pro-inflammatory markers including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Antioxidants that act intracellularly, including polyphenols, have been shown to scavenge these "signaling" reactive oxygen species, and thus perform in an anti-inflammatory capacity. This study tested the pure compounds apigenin and diosmetin as well as extracts from silymarin, uva ursi (bearberry) and green olive leaf for their ability to attenuate AGE-induced NO and TNF-alpha production. All five tested s les inhibited BSA-AGE-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. Apigenin and diosmetin were most potent, and exhibited EC(50) values approximately 10 microM. In contrast, TNF-alpha expression was only reduced by apigenin, diosmetin and silymarin not by the bearberry and green olive leaf extracts. In addition, the silymarin and bearberry extracts caused significant cell death at concentrations >or=10 microg/mL and >or=50 microg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, we suggest that plant-derived polyphenols might offer therapeutic opportunities to delay the progression of AGE-mediated and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts-mediated neuro-inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer's disease.
Publisher: Department of Food Science, Bogor Agricultural Food Science
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 07-08-2020
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.4(6).235
Abstract: In the dense tropical forests of Kalimantan, Apis dorsata produces forest honey with pollen ersity that has the potential to have unique antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This study is aimed to report the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and antibacterial analysis of forest honey from East Kalimantan. A total of nine s les of forest honey were purchased from local buyers of several regions. The power of hydrogen (pH), water content, diastase enzymes, fructose levels, and glucose levels were measured. Antioxidant activity was measured with ABTS assay. Antibacterial activity was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and S. enterica serovar Typhi. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) identified antibacterial functional groups. Honey s les from tropical forests in East Kalimantan had pH between 2.93±0.06 and 3.83±0.06, a moisture content between 18.44±0.64 and 25.67±0.29%, fructose levels between 7.85±0.05 and 17.73±0.13%, and glucose levels between 1.24±0.16 and 17.34±0.14%. Goa Tembenus honey showed the highest IC50 antioxidant activity and the highest Diastase Enzyme activity. Goa Tembenus and Bongan honey showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Minimum inhibitory levels of honey were found at concentrations of 25% and 30%. Honey from tropical forests in East Kalimantan has H2O2 as an antibacterial component.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2011
Abstract: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in age-related diseases, including the complications of diabetes and chronic renal impairment with arterial stiffening. Alagebrium chloride (ALT-711) is an AGE-lowering agent with beneficial effects in renal structural and functional parameters in diabetes, decreased diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, and age-related myocardial stiffening. ALT-711 exhibits a structural homology to thiamine, and it was suggested to interfere with thiamine metabolism. Thiamine is converted to thiamine diphosphate (TDP) by thiamine diphosphokinase (TDPK). TDP is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and transketolase. A decreased activity of these enzymes due to TDP deficiency results in disorders such as beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Therefore, we investigated whether ALT-711 is an inhibitor of TDPK. Molecular modeling studies showed that ALT-711 fits into the thiamine-binding pocket of TDPK, and there are three interactions between the thiazolium ring and the enzyme, as well as parallel stacking between the phenyl ring and the indole ring of Trp222B. Enzyme kinetic experiments also showed that ALT-711 dose-dependently decreased TDPK activity with K(i)s, calculated by different experiments and fitting models ranging from 0.88 to 1.09 mM. Fitting of the kinetic data favored mixed-mode inhibition with a major role for competitive inhibition. In summary, our results suggest that ALT-711 is a low-affinity inhibitor of TDPK, but is unlikely to interfere with thiamine metabolism at therapeutic concentrations. However, when new AGE-crosslink breakers based on thiamine are designed, care should be taken that they do not act as more potent competitive inhibitors than ALT-711.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-02-2013
Abstract: The study investigated the use of serotonergic antidepressants (SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SNRIs: serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) and St John’s wort in a large NSW-based community s le, and sought to identify a potentially dangerous concomitant use of these medications. Cross-sectional data from 266,848 participants from the ‘45 and Up’ study were used. The questionnaire captures self-reported treatment for depression or anxiety and antidepressant medications in the last four weeks. 5.8% of participants received treatment for depression or anxiety, with 4.7% taking an SSRI and 1.3% an SNRI. St John’s wort was taken by 0.3% of the participants. Use of SSRIs and SNRIs was reported more frequently by females than males (respectively, 64.1% vs 35.9%, 66.9% vs 33.1%). The gender difference was even more pronounced for St John’s wort (75.6% vs. 24.4%). Use of antidepressants decreased after the age of 65 years. One hundred and forty people reported concurrent use of an SSRI and an SNRI, and 11 people of an SSRI with St John’s wort. Around 7% of the study population aged 45–65 years reported the use of SSRIs or SNRIs, decreasing to 5% above 70 years of age. It is of concern that some in iduals used an SSRI concurrently with St John’s wort.
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 03-04-2021
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.5(2).518
Abstract: Emulsion products that are rich in pro-vitamin A, vitamin E and antioxidants have been successfully formulated from red palm oil (FO-MSM), pumpkin (SLK), and dragon fruit (SBN). This study was aimed to determine the concentrations of β-carotene and αtocopherol in the prototype products of FO-MSM, SLK, and SBN by reverse phase chromatography and to determine the optimal deodorization time for FO-MSM on βcarotene and α-tocopherol levels. Optimal conditions for analysis of s les was with the mobile phase methyl dichloride: methanol: acetonitrile (2: 1: 3). The injection volume was 10 μL for β-carotene and 20 μL for α-tocopherol. Isocratic elution was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at room temperature (25±2°C). The mobile phase was first eliminated for 45 mins. The β-carotene and α-tocopherol peaks were identified by matching the peak retention times (Rt) of β-carotene and α-tocopherol in the s le with the standard Rt of β-carotene and α-tocopherol. The reverse-phase chromatography successfully determined β-carotene and α-tocopherol in prototype products of FO-MSM, SLK, and SBN. The developed emulsion prototype had 2044.5±196.1 ppm of β-carotene and 38.8±0.4 ppm of α-tocopherol. The content of β-carotene in the developed emulsion prototype was more than tenfold increase from the original prototype without sacrificing the product's taste. β-carotene showed no significant difference in reducing the deodorization time from 5 hrs to 1 hr, while the 2.5-fold increase of the α-tocopherol content was observed. Therefore, the optimal deodorization time for FO-MSM was determined based on the value of α-tocopherol and not by β-carotene. RP-18 was successfully used to determine β-carotene and α-tocopherol in FO-MSM, SLK, and SBN emulsion prototype products
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 14-09-2020
Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has hit the whole world, and the Indonesian government has firmly issued a disaster emergency status in mid-March 2020. All sectors of the economy, social, politics, security, and education suffer the COVID-19 pandemic impact. Higher education is one of the sectors that has suffered quite a severe impact. Mulawarman University, as a part of higher education, certainly does not remain silent in responding to this pandemic. Anticipatory actions that have been taken by Mulawarman University. The transformation of Mulawarman University academic activities consists of: (A) Lecture/teaching activities, (B) Practice activities (laboratory and fieldwork practices), (C) Learning evaluation activities (mid and final semester exam), (D) Final project guidance activities, (E) Research and community service activities, (F) Other (related) academic activities, (G) National/international events and professional/service trips at home/abroad, (H) New student admissions activities year of 2020 (SNMPTN SBMPTN and SMMPTN), and (I) Student activities/student work units. In conclusion, the academic transformation taken by Mulawarman University in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic is massive and comprehensive regarding all aspects of higher education.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 10-03-2020
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.16617.2
Abstract: Background: Mandai, the fermented inner skin of cempedak (Artocarpus integer), may have further use as an industrial ingredient while maintaining its antioxidative capacity. The starter culture of Lactobacillus casei may induce the Mandai fermentation. This research was carried out (i) to investigate the effect of temperature on yield, chemical properties, and antioxidant activity of starter induced fermented mandai powder, (ii) to find the best drying temperature for the powder, and (iii) to find correlations between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the powder. Methods: The drying temperature was used as the variable, and was set at 45, 50, and 55°C at a fixed duration of 18 hours. The control was spontaneously fermented mandai dried at 50°C for 18 hours. Total phenolic content (TPC), hydrolyzed tannic content (HTC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were spectrophotometrically measured, expressed gallic acid (GAE), tannic acid (TAE), and catechin (CAE) equivalents. The DPPH assay measured antioxidant capacity. Results: The best mandai powder had total phenolic content of 348.8±55.6 mg GAE kg -1 , HTC of 143.8±9.3 mg TAE kg -1 , TFC of 17.5±1.3 mg CAE kg -1 , antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) of 56.96 ppm, ash content of 4.0±0.7%, pH value of 5.0±0.8, and yield of 9.3±0.8%. There was a strong correlation between TPC, HTC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. Conclusions: Drying temperature affected all observed parameters but not yield, ash and pH. The temperature of 45°C emerged as the best treatment to produce mandai powder from L. casei -inoculated mandai cempedak fermentation. The phenolic components contributed to the antioxidant activity of mandai cempedak.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 17-11-2020
Abstract: We aim to predict the number of COVID-19 infections per 1 million population in Indonesia. This is to help the Indonesia Government to decisively take exact measure in preventing and fighting the COVID-19 in Indonesia, as well as to predict the number of logistics and human resources required in fighting this dangerous disease.
Publisher: LPPM Unsyiah
Date: 14-08-2020
Abstract: Frangipani flower (Plumeria acuminata) and bitter grape (Tinospora crispa L. Miers) stem extract alone shows antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, there is a limited report about the actions from the combination of both extracts. Combinations of ethanol extract of white frangipani flower (EFF) and ethanol extract of the bitter grape stem (EBS), each of 0, 1, 2, and 3% were tested for inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus growth and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. A yield of 3.17 and 2.62 g of EFF and EBS, respectively, were resulted from 100 g of dried powdered of the white frangipani flower and bitter grape stem using 200 mL of absolute ethanol. The antimicrobial test was assayed using a 10% stock solution of extract diluted in water. The combination of EFF and EBS showed a synergistic effect on antimicrobial activity, but it proved an antagonistic effect on antioxidant activity. The combination of EFF 3% and EBS 3% showed the highest inhibition index on the S. aureus growth , i.e. 2.02±0.06, which is higher than the inhibition index of Amoxycillin 2%, i.e. 1.85±0.09. The highest antioxidant activity showed by 1% EFF alone (57.5 ± 0.60%), while the lowest was from the combination of EFF 1% and EBS 3% (23.4±0.30%).
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 27-07-2020
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.4(6).178
Abstract: This research aimed to observe S. cerevisiae and A. aceti induced fermentation of cocoa bean from Samarinda, Indonesia, in comparison to commercial cocoa bean in terms of microbial population, pH, total acids, total phenols, theobromine, antioxidant capacity, and FTIR profile. Cocoa beans were fermented with a boxed fermentation method resembling commercial plantation for four days at ambient box temperature (35-40°C). Four fermentation s les were produced which were spontaneous, 2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Acetobacter aceti, or mixed culture (S. cerevisiae and A. aceti) induced fermentations. Total Plate Count (TPC) and Total Yeast-Mold (TYM), pH, total phenol, theobromine, antioxidant activity, and FTIR analyses were performed according to the established method. There was no significant difference in the microbe population in all fermented cocoa. Mixed culture fermented cocoa had a slightly lower final pH. S. cerevisiae fermented cocoa produced the highest total phenol compared to the same compound content in other fermented cocoa. The mixed culture fermented cocoa had better theobromine content 162.3±22.6 ppm, antioxidant capacity 424.9±3.3 ppm, and the closest theobromine and caffeine identification zones to commercial cocoa s les. The use of mixed culture of S. cerevisiae and A. aceti is suggested as the better inoculum to ferment cocoa bean at local farms.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 31-10-2018
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.16545.1
Abstract: Background: Deodorization of the olein fraction of red palm oil (OFRP) determines not only the taste of a multivitamin emulsion but also its antioxidant capacity. The emulsion product was formulated from OFRP, pumpkin juice (PJ), and dragon fruit juice (DFJ). This study aimed to optimize vacuum evaporation and nitrogen-assisted deodorizations of OFRP, observing levels of β-carotene, α-tocopherol, inhibition percentage of ABTS reduction, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity. Methods: The deodorizations observed were vacuum evaporation in four conditions: (1) 90°C, 80±5 mmHg, (2) 100°C, 80±5 mmHg, (3) 90°C, 100±5 mmHg, (4) 100°C, 100±5 mmHg, and nitrogen-assisted in two flow durations: (1) 15 min and (2) 30 min. β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were employed as standards. Results: The deodorized OFRP had fewer than 2% free fatty acids (FFA), lower than 3% peroxide value (PV), and lower than 4% acidic value (AV). Fluctuations of the β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations were observed in the deodorized OFRP. The final emulsion product had β-carotene of 259.9±1.4 to 271.7±2.4 ppm and α-tocopherol of 36.36±0.20 to 39.12±0.20 ppm. The total betacyanin of the emulsions were ±25% than DFJ. The emulsions had 22.93 to 32.11% of ABTS reduction inhibitory activity of the BHT activity and FRAP activity of 16.54±0.19 to 17.69±0.67 mM FeSO 4 •7H 2 O. Conclusions: The best vacuum evaporation optimized at 90 °C, 100±5 mmHg, 60 RPM for 1 hour. The best nitrogen-assisted deodorization was at 85±3°C and 1 l/minute of nitrogen for 15 minutes. The deodorization process affected the antioxidant activity of OFRP and emulsions.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 07-07-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3092246
Abstract: The potential of mandai cempedak (Artocarpus ch eden) powder to be mixed with other abundant raw materials such as oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) as a flavoring ingredient is an exciting thing to study as a unique flavor source for the archipelago. This study aims to observe panelist acceptance, proximate characteristics of amino acid, volatile compounds, and color profiles on five mixed formulas of fermented cempedak (Artocarpus ch eden) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) seasoning. The five seasoning formulas combine 30–70% flavored mushroom powder and 30–70% mandai cempedak powder with control of commercial mushroom powder and pure mandai powder. Hedonic quality assessment on seasoning s les of flavored mushroom powder and mandai cempedak powder played a more critical role in the acceptance of the final product, with a slightly reddish yellow color tendency with a paleness level of around 66–67%. Seasoning s les had a savory taste with dominant amino acid profiles of ileusine (1.46%, w/w), glutamate (1.37%), methionine (0.82%), and aspartic acid (0.72%). All seasoning formulations of flavored mushroom and mandai cempedak powder have a moisture content of 8.4–10.9%, total protein 7.0–9.0%, soluble protein 2.4–3.5%, ash content 4.5–19.2%, fat content 2.3–4.5%, carbohydrates 62.7–79.4%, and the solubility is 31.0–89.4%. The dominant volatile compounds in seasoning are heptanone, dodecoxyethanol, and etradecyloxyethanol with pleasant aroma profiles, pungent fruity, green, citrus, and herbal. In conclusion, mandai cempedak powder to be mixed with other abundant raw materials such as oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) can be used as a typical Indonesian flavor ingredient with unique characteristics in terms of its amino acid content, volatile compounds, and essential oils.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 26-10-2018
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.16617.1
Abstract: Background: Mandai, the fermented inner skin of cempedak (Artocarpus integer), may have further use as industrial ingredient while maintaining its antioxidative capacity. To promote fermentation, Lactobacillus casei was induced as the starter culture. This research was carried out (i) to investigate the effect of temperature on yield, chemical properties, and antioxidant activity of starter induced fermented mandai powder, (ii) to find the best drying temperature for the powder, and (iii) to find correlations between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the powder. Methods: The drying temperature was used as the variable, and was set at 45, 50, and 55°C at a fixed duration of 18 hours. The control was spontaneously fermented mandai dried at 50°C for 18 hours. Total phenolic content (TPC), hydrolyzed tannic content (HTC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were spectrophotometrically measured, expressed gallic acid (GAE), tannic acid (TAE), and catechin (CAE) equivalents. Antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH assay. Results: The best mandai powder had total phenolic content of 348.8±55.6 mg GAE kg -1 , HTC of 143.8±9.3 mg TAE kg -1 , TFC of 17.5±1.3 mg CAE kg -1 , antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) of 56.96 ppm, ash content of 4.0±0.7%, pH value of 5.0±0.8, and yield of 9.3±0.8%. There was a strong correlation between TPC, HTC, TFC, and the antioxidant activity. Conclusions: Drying temperature affected all observed parameters but not ash and pH. Temperature of 45°C emerged as the best treatment to produce mandai powder from L. casei -inoculated mandai cempedak fermentation. The antioxidant activity of mandai cempedak was contributed by the phenolic components.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 31-01-2011
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia disorder of later life. Although there might be various different triggering events in the early stages of the disease, they appear to converge on a few characteristic final pathways in the late stages, characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the hypothesis that advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which reflect carbonyl stress, an imbalance between the production of reactive carbonyl compounds and their detoxification, can serve as biomarkers for the progression of disorder. AGE modification may explain many of the neuropathological and biochemical features of AD, such as extensive protein cross-linking shown as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Although accumulation of AGEs is a normal feature of aging, it appears to be significantly accelerated in AD. We suggest that higher AGE concentrations in brain tissue and in cerebrospinal fluid might be able to distinguish between normal aging and AD.
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 10-03-2023
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5033-5.CH008
Abstract: COVID-19 has impacted the East Kalimantan, Indonesia, community market, especially for indigenous food and non-food souvenirs. These conditions threaten the global pursuit of SDGs. The University of Mulawarman and PT Aplikasi Karya Anak Bangsa, a subsidiary of Gojek Indonesia, identified social concerns for matching program. Our university team's experience integrating the tridharma led us to offer a five-stage framework: (1) vision internalization, (2) persistence learning, (3) technology adaption, (4) collaboration growth, and (5) outcomes integration. Multi-stakeholder cooperation starts with mutual benefits, ideas, agreements, and program designs. Learning aspects are integrated through final assignments, practical experiences, and organized assignments related to learning outcomes on specific course areas (embedded learning). The emancipated learning of the Independent C us (MBKM) was implemented at the university level. Outcome-based education for higher education multi-stakeholder matching program is an approach for addressing education SDG.
Publisher: Rynnye Lyan Resources
Date: 08-05-2022
DOI: 10.26656/FR.2017.6(4).431
Abstract: Oximata® jelly mix is a functional food rich in carotenoids and tocopherols from the formulation of red palm oil, pumpkin juice, and red dragon fruit juice. This study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing red palm oil concentration, temperature, and storage time on vitamin C, total titrated acid, and antioxidant activity using the ABTS method ((2,2-Azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline) -6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The study used three factors with a combination of treatments consisting of observation day (day 1, 7 and 14), storage temperature (28oC and 7 oC) and red palm oil concentration (0 0.15% 0.30% and 0.45%). The results showed that Oximata® jelly mix powder added with 0.45% red palm oil and stored at 7°C for seven days was the best treatment with vitamin C levels 5.83±0.24 µg/mL, antioxidant activity 74.29±3.00% (ABTS) and 22.17±0.24 µg/mL (FRAP). The total titrated acid value increased in the addition of Red Palm Oil by 0.15 and 0.3% and storage for 14 days at 28oC, namely 1.54%. The concentration of red palm oil, temperature, and storage time affect vitamin C, total titrated acid, and antioxidant activity.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 11-07-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.10.20151175
Abstract: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indonesia announced the first COVID-19 case on 2 March 2020. East Kalimantan has been determined as the new capital of Indonesia since 2019. This makes Samarinda as the capital of East Kalimantan has been focused for its capability of handling COVID-19 patients. We report the epidemiological characteristics and immunofluorescence assay results of these patients. All patients with positive confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR were admitted to hospitals and quarantine center in Samarinda. We retrospectively analyzed data from the daily report of the Samarinda City and East Kalimantan Health Office information system. By June 25, 2020, 64 patients had been identified as having positive confirmed COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 37.3 ± 13.8 years. Most of the patients were men (57 [90.6%] patients). Thirty-nine COVID-19 patients were imported cases with a history of traveling from South Sulawesi. Most of the patients were admitted to the Quarantine Center of Samarinda City. The mean duration from the first hospital admission for isolation to discharge was 25.6 ± 13.1 days. There was only one death case of COVID-19 patients in Samarinda. There were the highest confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Samarinda in early June 2020. There was a declining trend in the age of COVID-19 patients and the duration of isolation time in the hospital. Imported cases still contributed to the increase of COVID-19 cases in Samarinda. Younger age of COVID-19 patients was more involved in frequent mobility which makes them cause the spread of the disease. Activation of the national reference laboratory for the COVID-19 examination in Samarinda has reduced the length of time patients treated in hospitals. The epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients show the ability of local governments to deal with this pandemic. This can be seen from the low case fatality rate in Samarinda.
Start Date: 2015
End Date: 2016
Funder: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
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